Daily Archives: August 20, 2021

Understanding the evolution of today’s watermelon – Columbia Daily Tribune

Posted: August 20, 2021 at 5:46 pm

Mike Szydlowski| Special to Columbia Daily Tribune

Nothing says summer like a juicy, red, sweet cold slice of watermelon. Mark Twain once wrote that tastinga watermelon is to know "what the angels eat.

However, Twain and his friends were certainly not the first to enjoy a watermelon on a hot summer day. Watermelon paintings and seeds have been found dating back at least 5,000 years. The difference is that 5,000-year-old watermelon paintings depict very different looking watermelons than we know today. And the watermelons in the paintings changed over time. To understand todays watermelon, you need quite a bit of history and biology.

If you dont like unnatural foods, you better stop eating watermelons. Our watermelons today barely resemble the original, natural watermelons. You would not have enjoyed them at all.

First, they were quite difficult to get into. You would have to smash them open with some pretty heavy rocks in order to enjoy an inside full of white/yellowish, bitter-tasting flesh. As unappetizing as that sounds, people did it and there was a reason for that.

Watermelons originated in places that experienced very long dry spells. Although bitter tasting, the watermelons were like miniature water storage tanks. Archeologists even found evidence that King Tuts tomb had watermelons placed in it, as he would need some water for his journey into the afterlife.

Therefore, watermelons were not harvested for their taste they were harvested for their water. An uncut watermelon can store for weeks or even months in a cool, dry location.

More: Our bodies need to experience pain here's why

At some point, somebody decided they could selectively breed the watermelon to change how it tastes. Some smart ancient scientists discovered that a single gene produced the bitter watermelon flavor. By purposefully breeding many generations of plants with certain characteristics, the gene for bitterness was eliminated.

Soon after, ancient people continued the selective breeding of watermelons to make them easier to get into no more pounding the hard shell with a rock.

Then came the taste. The bitter taste was gone, but it still was quite bland. Farmers selectively bred watermelons that had a little sweetness until they became sweeter and sweeter like today.

It turns out the color of watermelons was controlled by the same gene that controlled watermelon sweetness. Therefore, as the watermelon became sweeter it also changed color to the familiar deep red we now know and expect.

All of this was done in the very same way dogs were selectively bred (originally from wolves) to create the many different breeds we have now. Certainly, you didnt think the poodle was natural, did you?

More: Using natures air conditioning in the summer heat

If you have any scientific knowledge about plants, you know a seedless fruit or vegetable makes no sense at all. It breaks all rules of nature.

The only goal of every natural living species is to survive long enough to reproduce so the species continues. In plants, this is done by mixing male and female genes through the process of pollination and fertilization. Once a flower is fertilized, it produces a seed.

Some plants grow fruits and vegetables around their seed to either protect the seed or attract animals to the seeds in order for their seeds and genes to be spread around. A fruit or vegetable without seeds is a failure on the plants part. If a fruit or vegetable were to become seedless by some genetic mutation, that wouldbe the end of that plants genes as it wouldnot be able to reproduce.

A watermelon has 22 chromosomes. Reproductive cells contain half that amount, so when they join the other plants reproductive cells from the opposite sex, they form a new combination of 22 chromosomes for the new plant.

Scientists found that if they treata watermelon plant with a certain chemical, it will double the number of chromosomes. Then,they found if a 22-chromosome plant fertilizes a 44-chromosome plant, the resulting plant produces watermelons with seeds with 33 chromosomes. These seeds will grow but are sterile, which means they will not produce seeds of their own.

And there is your seedless watermelon and a fascinating history, artand science lesson. More than 5,000 years worth of human work went into your enjoyment of a sweet, seedless watermelon. Enjoy it.

Mike Szydlowski is science coordinator for Columbia Public Schools.

TIME FOR A POP QUIZ

1. What does the term selective breeding mean?

2. How is the evolution of watermelon similar to the evolution of the Golden Retriever (or any other dog breed)?

3. How is a natural watermelon different from the watermelons we enjoy today?

4. We were not there to see ancient watermelons, so how do you think scientists know how and when they changed over time?

5. Why do seedless watermelons cost more than watermelons with seeds?

LAST WEEKS POP QUIZ ANSWERS

1. How do we feel pain?

We feel pain when nerve endings detect that something bad is happening to our body. When this occurs, it sends a signal to our brain to produce the sensation of pain so that we stop doing whatever is harming our body.

2. What would happen if we didnt feel pain?

If pain were not a thing, most people would likely live shorter lives because we would not protect our bodies from harm as much as we do with pain.

3. What is the evolutionary purpose of pain?

Pain evolved as a warning system to keep your body safe from serious harm.

4. Give three examples of ways that pain helps keep you safe.

Answers will vary, but mightinclude: keeping you from seriously burning yourself, keep you from eating poisonous foods, alerting you to something wrong inside your body, and a warning to take care of your body in general.

5. In what example is it OKto work through a little bit of pain?

When exercising or working out, it is normal to feel some pain and it is OKto work through some of that pain.

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Understanding the evolution of today's watermelon - Columbia Daily Tribune

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Growth and Evolution of the Offshore Wind Industry and Supply Chain under the Biden Administration – Transmission & Distribution World

Posted: at 5:46 pm

Date:Thursday, September 16, 2021Time:2:00 PM EDT / 1:00 PM CDT / 11:00 AM PDT / 6:00 PM GMTSponsor:Burns & McDonnellDuration: 60Minutes

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Description:The U.S. offshore wind industry's recent growth is generating a range of questions around market interests, location demand, financial incentives, and integration into existing infrastructure. As the U.S. industry continues to take shape, reflecting on the successes and lessons learned in European markets, which have set the precedent in offshore wind design, fabrication, and construction, can strategically inform domestic market growth. Federal and state coordination and policy development is changing the way utilities leverage offshore wind and pushing supply chains to new levels of coordination between multiple entities. To ensure the success of a domestic offshore wind industry the U.S. must prioritize strategic coordination and integration into existing supply chains, infrastructure, and the design of the electrical grid.

This panel will discuss the following:

Panelists:

Mark RogersEngineering ManagerBurns & McDonnellMr. Rogers is an Engineering Manager with over 30 years experience across various industries that include offshore & onshore electricity transmission, railway signaling and traction, and power generation. A Chartered Engineer with additional knowledge in project management that provides real results. For the last 8 years has assembled and lead a very successful offshore platform engineering team, developing a notable portfolio of offshore substation platforms (circa 3GW). Has created innovative market leading solutions that have shared todays offshore industry. Recently appointed to Burns & McDonnell to bring European offshore wind experience to the emerging USA offshore market

Ben SteinbergSr. Vice PresidentVenn StrategiesBen Steinberg is a senior vice president focused on supporting critical infrastructure and energy clients. Prior to joining Venn, he spent nearly a decade as a key official at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), most recently in the Office of Cyber Security, Energy Security and Emergency Response where he was Senior Advisor working with agency leaders and stakeholders on matters of cyber preparedness, security, and emergency response. He has held a number of other key roles at DOE, including as Chief of Staff for the Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis helping shepherd the Departments Quadrennial Energy Review and manage an office of over 80 analysts, and as liaison between DOE and the Department of Defense building energy technology development partnerships for grid security, alternative fuels, batteries and energy efficiency. Ben received his bachelors degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his masters degree in Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning from Tufts University.

Jeff BuckleySenior Project ManagerBurns & McDonnellJeff Buckley is a senior project manager with Burns & McDonnell. He has over 20 years project management experience, with a focus on electric transmission project development, including offshore wind. His approach to project management is supported by engineering and construction experience on a variety of projects throughout the northeast region. His emphasis on project controls has resulted in a track record of successful project delivery with a focus on schedule and budget management. Mr. Buckley has consulted on electrical transmission projects with a focus on preliminary phase routing, planning, and development. This includes alternatives analysis, constructability, cost estimates, and risk assessments. He supports Burns & McDonnells entry into the US offshore wind market, providing management expertise on several projects, while also advancing business opportunities with a focus on expanded self-perform construction services and supply chain development.

Mr. Buckley has a B.S. in Civil Engineering from Northeastern University and a Masters of Civil Engineering from North Carolina State University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Connecticut.

Moderator:

Tony AppletonDirector of Off Shore WindBurns & McDonnellTony Appleton is director of offshore wind for Burns & McDonnell. He is a Chartered Engineer registered with the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and earned a bachelors degree in mechanical engineering (with honors) from Newcastle University upon Tyne, England. He specializes in the offshore renewables and interconnection global markets and has led organizations and teams with work ranging from front-end feasibility studies to commissioning and operation and maintenance.

Sponsored by:

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Growth and Evolution of the Offshore Wind Industry and Supply Chain under the Biden Administration - Transmission & Distribution World

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Conor O’Brien on new Villagers album Fever Dreams and his evolution as a songwriter – The Irish News

Posted: at 5:46 pm

RELEASED today, much of the appropriately titled Fever Dreams from Dublin's Villagers has a woozy, wide-eyed and defiantly optimistic feel that makes it an ideal soundtrack for fans now emerging from lockdown into yet another 'new normal'.

As signposted by dynamic and symphonic lead single The First Day, the soulful, sensitive and joyously psychedelic new album is laced with brass and string instrumentation. It follows the lead of 2018's acclaimed The Art of Pretending To Swim and 2019 standalone single Summer's Song by moving yet further away from Villagers' angsty indie-folk roots in favour of a more instantly welcoming, hazily atmospheric and production-steered sound that's closer to hip-hop in spirit than trad guitar fare.

Produced by bandleader/chief songwriter Conor O'Brien and mixed by David Wrench (Frank Ocean, The xx, FKA Twigs), Fever Dreams was actually written and recorded prior to the onset of the pandemic last year: in fact, the band's last day in the studio actually coincided with the onset of Ireland's first national lockdown, as O'Brien explains.

"We were literally covering our mouths with our hands by the end," the Dubliner recalls of the fraught final full band sessions in February last year, which rounded off a writing and recording process which began in summer 2019.

"It feels like it's been a long time coming for me because it was quite an intense workload over the past two-and-a-half years," he says of the new album's gestation, Villagers' fifth.

However, in a way, Fever Dreams was also perfectly timed. With live music shut down and the record already 'in the can', being able to tinker with the new songs while stuck at home in his Dublin flat/studio provided the Villagers leader with a welcome distraction from the growing anxiety over Covid-19 throughout 2020.

"Obviously, it kept me company during these weird times that we're finding ourselves in and I think parts of those weird times kind of seeped into it," says O'Brien, who formed Villagers back in 2008 and first came to wider attention with Mercury and Choice Music Prize-nominated debut album Becoming a Jackal two years later.

"Hopefully, parts of it will now seep back into the weird times."

He adds: "I guess the 'deliriousness' of some of it was kind of there before [the pandemic], in a weird way. I was starting to write a little bit about information overload and also trying to process what was happening on a geopolitical level and figure out what the hell my little songs were going to do with that or in what way art should approach those kind of things.

"I think that's the way my own psychology was going. But I think that the album kind of shows that in the end I kind of retreated to just trying to make something maybe more sensory and soulful and trying to be a bit less cerebral and sometimes failing as well, which was OK too."

Indeed, the impressive centrepiece of Fever Dreams is a mesmerising, shape-shifting, six-minute-plus psychedelic jazz-folk pop epic called Circles In The Firing Line. It ebbs, flows and swells playfully, with O'Brien singing that "a united state of demagogic logic awaits" and how he has a "date with doom" before eventually resolving with some sweet soft rock guitar soloing that's suddenly mugged by a burst of climactic punk rock riffage.

"Looking back now I don't think I was thinking clearly, but I was almost not going to have that song on the record," reveals O'Brien.

"It felt like too much of a 'joke' in my head. For a long period of time, the only direction I had [for this record] was to 'make something uplifting and positive that's like a warm hug' and that song didn't really fit that mould.

"But my manager convinced me to put it on the record and, as soon as I started playing with the tracklisting, I realised that it was so much stronger with it. Not only was this track representing what I've been thinking about a lot in the last couple of years, it's also kind of the other side of the coin for a lot of those [other] songs.

"It's looking at the way perhaps our minds are being slightly moulded by algorithms and trying to be vigilant against that in this early internet age, using art and music as a way of pushing the nuanced and grey area complexities of all of us.

"That kind of stuff is definitely being lost in the tribalism of this new kind of 'screen psychology' were dealing with."

He adds: "It's also a really fun song because although those are very serious themes, the song kind of takes the p*** out of itself as well in a weird way, and I kind wanted to maintain a sense of humour.

"We played it at the Latitude Festival and we extended the ending quite a lot it was definitely the 'rock-out' that the album version kind of suggests just as it's fading out."

Conor O'Brien. Picture by Rich Gilligan

Going right back to the start of the album process in 2019, O'Brien explains how playing with a new brass-enhanced live band set-up through that summer influenced how he wanted Fever Dreams to sound, as well as pulling him towards a more collaborative approach to shaping the new songs themselves.

"The initial thrust of the album in terms of what direction it was going in was that I just wanted to make music that would rock the band in a room," he says.

"I was booking recording sessions much earlier in the process with this album, so I was bringing them very half-finished songs and I was changing the lyrics and the structures as we were returning to the next session and sort of being influenced by what felt good as a group of musicians in a room as allowing that to influence the music thematically as well.

"So the core of what you're hearing on the album is the sound of musicians pretty much playing live together in a room and reacting to each other. The lockdown section of the process was just adding to all this and working remotely with string players and brass players.

"I had a sort of a new thing where I really badly wanted the music to work on a superficial level like where, even if you didn't want to do a deep dive, it would still grab you. But then, if you also want to put headphones on, you'll discover much more going on underneath as well."

Now five albums into a musical career spanning over a decade, the Villagers man is all too aware of his ongoing evolution as a songwriter.

"I see music more as a place for warmth and connection now and not so much for trying to show the world my pain or whatever," O'Brien tells me of his musical 'journey' with Villagers.

"I've learned a lot about writing music which comes from a more viscerally indignant place. I think that's gone from me now. It definitely has its power, but I remember writing [emotive Becoming A Jackal track] Pieces way back when and, after about a year of having to do the howling at the end, I wanted to kill myself.

"You have to keep finding new ways to be inspired, otherwise you'll burn out."

:: Fever Dreams is released today. See wearevillagers.com for latest tour date info.

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Conor O'Brien on new Villagers album Fever Dreams and his evolution as a songwriter - The Irish News

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Ran Holman: How COVID Sparked a Rapid Evolution in the Way We Use Office Space – D Magazine

Posted: at 5:46 pm

Since the clouds rolled in and the pandemic impacts began to be felt globally last spring, there has been a lot of speculation as to how this event would shape the workplace going forward. We traded our neckties for masks and the handshake gave way to the fist bumpor the never graceful elbow tap. Five quarters ago, it appeared that life would be forever changed and some even speculated that office spaces best days were behind us.

Ran Holman, Newmark

Collectively, we got quite adept at using the cameras on our devices, and quite surprisingly, the last mile of bandwidth at our homes, for the most part, performed well. However, over time, the novelty of video conferences diminished, and you only had to log on to one video happy hour to realize it was not a replacement for the real thing. But, we soldiered on.

Albeit not known for his poetry, Quentin Tarantino once said, you cant write poetry on the computer. There are audiophiles that will take the pops and hisses of a vinyl record over digital recordings due to the warmth and depth of analog music. Our lives can be supported digitally; however, those mediums sometimes fall short of sating us, often in ways we cannot explain.

The insular aspects of working from home can often take more than they give. Perhaps the greatest revelation of remote working was the increased awareness of what we were missing. Technology allowed us to meet, but it wasnt the meetings, per se, that we missed, it was the connectivity within those meetings. It turns out that our workplaces are complex ecosystems of tangible and intangible aspects that need to be bound together, and technology could only take us so far. We also learned that while remote work lacked these connections, it was often more comfortablean important distinction.

So, where are we? Most of us have a deeper appreciation for our professional relationships and value the workplace morenot the bricks and sticks, but the interpersonal synapses that allow us to bring out the best in each other. In reality, the pandemic is serving as an affirmation of what was already afoot: the workplace needs to be an environment that feeds and supports connections and relationships.

Going forward, demand for office space isnt going anywhere. In fact, we will see a more rapid evolution of what was already startedexperiential real estate. Tenants will continue to flow into well-amenitized properties; and those amenities wont just be in the envelope, many users will be incorporating more comfort and livability within their workplaces.

This shared experience has underscored the importance of mentoring, collaboration, sharing, and simply enjoying the people with whom we work. Workplace designs will create and foster cultural development and adhesion.

The pandemic has given us a truly unique perspective. For the first time ever, we have spent extended periods of time working together, remotely. We have discovered quite clearly that the workplace and the workforce are two distinct things. This discovery has pushed us into a rapid evolution of workplace design and function, and for those who embrace it, that is our silver lining.

Ran Holman is the executive vice president and Texas market leader for Newmark.

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In Mainstream Journal, ID Theorists Explore Waiting Times for Coordinated Mutations – Discovery Institute

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Photo credit: 13on via Unsplash

A new peer-reviewed paper in theJournal of Theoretical Biology, On the waiting time until coordinated mutations get fixed in regulatory sequences, is authored by three key scientists in the intelligent design (ID) research program: Ola Hssjer, Gnter Bechly, Ann Gauger. The paper is part of the Waiting Times project, spurred by Discovery Institute as part of its ID 3.0 initiative, and it investigates a question of vital interest to the theory of intelligent design:How long does it take for traits to evolve when multiple mutations are required to give an advantage?A previous peer-reviewed publication from this team appeared as achapterin the 2018 Springer volumeStochastic Processes and Applications. This latest paper is lengthy, technical, and math intensive. In other words, its not for the fainthearted, but its open access and free to readhere. If you feel up to the challenge download and read!

The basic mathematical principles behind the paper arent too hard to appreciate. The idea is that as more nucleotides need to be present (fixed) in order to generate some trait, the amount of time required for those mutations to appear goes up at an exponential rate. To see why, lets say that you have a huge bag of blue and red marbles, always distributed in equal numbers in the bag. You want to pick out varying numbers of consecutive blue marbles. If you want to pick just one blue marble, the likelihood of doing this by chance is 1/2. If you want to pick out two blue marbles in a row the likelihood is 1/4. The likelihood of obtaining 3 blue marbles in a row is 1/8.

Now lets convert these odds to waiting times. Lets say that you can pick 1 marble per second. On average it will take 2 seconds to obtain 1 blue marble. To obtain two consecutive blue marbles youd need 4 seconds. To pick 3 blue marbles in a row youd need 8 seconds, and so on. You can see that the waiting time (T) to pick N consecutive blue marbles is approximated as follows:

T = 2Nmarbles * 1 second / marble

The more consecutive blue marbles you have to pick, the longer the waiting time for the event to occur and the waiting time increases at an exponential rate with each additional marble thats required.

Now lets go back to the paper. It opens by observing that A classical problem of population genetics is to study the time until new genetic variants first appear through germline mutations and then get fixed, i.e. spread to all individuals of a species, as it adapts to a new environment and evolves over time. It notes that in previous studies analyzing evolution of whole DNA sequences of nucleotides of length L, written on the four letter alphabet A, C, G, T, the waiting time where each is neutral (i.e., gives no selective advantage) increases either polynomially or exponentially with L. (A polynomial increase refers to a value that depends on the sum of multiple terms, where at least one of the terms has an exponent.)

This paper develops a complex mathematical model for calculating the waiting time for the evolution of a trait that requires L nucleotides in order to function. Although this is strictly a methodological paper, one potential application could be the evolution of regulatory regions which control the expression of a gene. Changes to transcription are thought to be important to evolving new body plans or biological systems. Regulatory regions such as enhancers or promoters may have a length of 1000 nucleotides, and for expression to occur special proteins called transcription factors must bind to these regulatory regions at binding sites, which may be 6 to 10 nucleotides in length. They explain how this works:

The waiting time until the expression of the gene changes, is modeled as the time until the random walk hits the target, and it depends on the mutation rate, the selective advantage of the mutated regulatory sequence, the size of the population, the length of the regulatory sequence and the length of the binding site.

However, evolving new traits is often far more complex than simply changing the expression of a single gene. Many traits are controlled by multiple genes, and the traits wont arise until expression of those genes is modified in a coordinated manner. The paper explains how their model might be applied to such an evolutionary question:

For more complex adaptations of a species, it is necessary that several genes are modified in a coordinated manner, either through mutations in the coding sequence, or through changed expression of thesemgenes. In this paper we focus on the coordinated evolution of gene expression of existing genes, and ask the question how long time Tmit would take for a species to change the expression ofmdistinct genes. This corresponds to the time it would take for the required binding sites, in the regulatory sequences ofmdistinct genes, to evolve in a coordinated way. The microevolutionary process is then a random walk on a fitness landscape of regulatory arrays, that is, a random walk onmxLmatrices, whose rows are the regulatory sequences of allmgenes.

In other words, the paper calculates how long it would take formgenes to evolve new regulatory sequences by chance, assuming that such changes in the expression of all of these genes would be required for some new complex adaptation to arise.

Do we have evidence that traits appear abruptly in the fossil record, and that these sorts of calculations apply? The introduction to the paper provides a rich review of examples of this from biological history, showing that their model is highly applicable to biological reality:

For instance, the fossil record is often interpreted as having long periods of stasis, interrupted by more abrupt changes and explosive origins. These changes include, for instance, the evolution of life, photo-synthesis, multicellularity and the Avalon Explosion, animal body plans and the Cambrian Explosion, complex eyes, vertebrate jaws and teeth, terrestrialization (e.g., in vascular plants, arthropods, and tetrapods), insect metamorphosis, animal flight and feathers, reproductive systems, including angiosperm flowers, amniote eggs, and the mammalian placenta, echolocation in whales and bats, and even cognitive skills of modern man. Based on radiometric dating of the available windows of time in the fossil record, these genetic changes are believed to have happened very quickly on a macroevolutionary timescale. In order to evaluate the chances for a neo-Darwinian process to bring about such major phenotypic changes, it is important to give rough but reasonable estimates of the time it would take for a population to evolve so that the required multiple genetic changes occur. (internal citations omitted)

There is thus ample precedent for investigating such a question in biohistory. Many complex features of living organisms appear abruptly in the fossil record, where it seems that multiple coordinated changes were necessary before any advantageous functional trait arose. The mathematical model developed in this paper is aptly suited to understanding how long it would take for such a trait to arise.

As I noted, this paper is methodological, meaning its only developing a mathematical model and not yet applying it to real world biological systems. One hopes in the future the team will apply their model to real biological systems. We will then see what the implications are for the viability of standard evolutionary mechanisms to account for the origin of such traits.

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In Mainstream Journal, ID Theorists Explore Waiting Times for Coordinated Mutations - Discovery Institute

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Turkish LGBTQ Activists Counter Oppression With Art, Solidarity and Radical Hope – Truthout

Posted: at 5:45 pm

Activism came to Hazar Kolancal like a thunderstorm, at first a rumbling in the distance and then upon her all at once. The constant and often violent oppression of LGBTQI+ people in Turkey, a country that is increasingly hostile toward them, manifested suddenly for Kolancal in a brutal arrest at the hands of Istanbul police. I knew trouble was coming on the day I saw smear campaigns against us being pushed by pro-government media, she told Truthout.

Despite her attempts to avoid conflict with police, government-executed violence and oppression is always lurking just around the corner for queer activists in Turkey.

In addition to health and economic crises, 2020-21 brought a sharp rise in government homophobia to Turkey, manifesting as hate speech from top government officials, the barring of LGBT symbols, withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention on the grounds of it normalizing homosexuality, and arrests of LGBTQI+ activists like Kolancal.

On January 30, 2021, such government oppression was waiting for Kolancal just outside the gates of her university campus. We exited the campus and right away there were police everywhere, cars, sirens, and they were screaming our names. I was shocked. They came for me immediately and then there was chaos. The police used brutal force against us.

Kolancal, 22, a psychology student, artist and openly bisexual activist, found herself on the front lines of Turkeys struggle for LGBTQI+ rights.

Two months prior, situated in a grassy field on Boazii Universitys campus, solidarity-seeking students mingled at an art exhibition of anonymous contributions organized by Kolancal and fellow artist-activists. The exhibition was part of the protests against President Recep Tayyip Erdoans appointment of a pro-government party member as rector to their university and the subsequent closure of the schools LGBTQI+ student club. One piece of art, however, caught the disapproving eye of a passerby, and soon, the eyes of top Turkish officials, who demanded punishment.

After her arrest, Kolancal spent 12 hours in a jail cell opposite her lover, she says, unsure of what fate awaited them. She was then placed on house arrest and left to await trial.

We are creative because we are repressed. When youre repressed, you have to find alternative ways of expressing yourself, Kolancal says of how her activism necessitates her art and vice versa. She pulls up a video on her laptop of her standing in a lineup with the other arrested students at the police station, looking somber. She then holds up her phone showing a lineup of four parallel figures, looking psychedelic and confident, which she drew to cope with the traumatic memory.

Since the beginning of the Boazii protests on January 4 after Melih Bulu was appointed rector, over 500 people have been detained, many having been arrested as a direct result of their LGBTQI+ activism.

The Erdoan regime hasnt hidden its approval of violence against protesters, especially LGBTQI+ activists like Kolancal. Rhetoric from prominent government officials has been explicitly LGBTQ-phobic, with Interior Minister Sleyman Soylu repeatedly calling the arrested students LGBT perverts and Erdoan praising his partys youth saying, You are not the LGBT youth.

Despite such setbacks, the government rescinded its decision without explanation, removing the appointed rector on July 15, 2021, via a midnight presidential decree a major success for the protest movement based in LGBTQI+ inclusion and representation. The universitys LGBTQI+ student club, however, remains banned.

Although the Boazii protests represent a recent swell in LGBTQI+ activism, Kolancals experience with government homophobia is nothing new. On June 26, 2021, police fired tear gas and detained attendants at the annual Istanbul Pride march.

Turkey previously touted itself as an LGBTQI+ defender, with Erdoan vowing to protect LGBTQI+ rights and Istanbul being home to the largest LGBTQI+ Pride march in the Muslim world before being broken up by police and banned in 2015. However, during its 19 years in power, Erdoans ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has made an escalating shift toward cultural conservatism.

Erdoans dramatic shift is part of a larger effort to secure support for his party from conservative religious circles. As AKP support has decreased, Erdoan has made increasingly clear his willingness to utilize homophobic rhetoric and action in pursuit of new voting blocs.

This crackdown on LGBTQI+ rights was further cemented via the governments civil society agenda post-2016 coup attempt, after which Turkey saw a drastic increase in violence directed at LGBTQI+ folks.

When asked whether she felt connected to Turkey, Kolancal said yes but not without qualification. It is a toxic relationship, but we are connected. Im only 22 years old, and this conservative government has a history of 19 years. So, I didnt realize that my destiny was being shaped by these conservative monsters.

Homophobia in Turkey is often packaged as being pro-family in order to appeal to conservative religious voting blocs. Although homosexuality is not technically a crime in Turkey, it is frequently denounced as being incompatible with Turkish values.

I am tired, said Kolancal. I want to escape like everyone does. But I love my university. I love where I am living. I love the psychology department. I love my professors. I dont want to let [the government] ruin this beautiful country. I love my country too, you know.

Unbridled creativity seems to be a common theme among LGBTQI+ activists, and none encapsulates such unabashed artistic self-expression more than nonbinary designer and internet personality alar Almendi. I want to dress [Istanbul Mayor Ekrem] mamolu. He should be wearing Almendi, they tell Truthout.

Almendi not only hopes to design a colorful costume for suit-loving Mayor mamolu, a potential opposition challenger to President Erdoan, but also to start their own design brand.

In addition to their queer identity, Almendi is also Kurdish, a minority ethnic group which the Turkish government often links to terrorism, using language similar to its strategy with regard to the LGBTQI+ community. [Kurds] are the same as queer people. Their rights were stolen from them. They know how to survive and they can understand suffering. I think we are on the same road together, Almendi says.

This cross section of identities can be seen throughout their artistry, from party planning to visual artwork. At my parties, I use lots of traditional Kurdish music. So people are coming to my parties to dance and getting used to Kurdish people, getting used to drag queens, getting used to queer people. It becomes this center. It is all a protest.

Regarding how these two facets of their identity relate, Almendi says, There is queer blood in my veins. There is Kurdish blood in my veins, and I just want to let it explode everywhere. My anger and passion should be seen and felt.

Almendi then retreats to a room in the back of the apartment and emerges with a framed piece of glass puzzled together with red fabric. Upon the glass is a painted Shahmaran, a Kurdish mythological creature, half-woman, half-snake. An Istanbul earthquake knocked the glass painting off the wall the year prior, after which the piece took on a new meaning.

I put it back together mixed with a traditional quilt. The Shahmaran is dangerous, but she wants to be loved. I feel for her. I have my lover, and I feel like this is our family portrait. Because I am dangerous and broken, but he is keeping me together.

Like Kolancal, Almendi also found government oppression lurking around every corner of life.

I got shot by the police with plastic bullets. We were in the streets, and they told us to go home. So, I did. I started walking toward my house, and they began to run after me. They chased me all the way to my house for like 10 minutes. Once I reached my door, they shot me in the back five times, they told Truthout. I couldnt do anything. I just hid in my house because I was alone. I went to the police station to file a complaint, but they wouldnt even let me give a statement. They just said, You were at a protest. You deserve it.

Such experiences including an ongoing lawsuit filed against Almendi by an AKP supporter for disrespecting Islam by wearing a headscarf in a YouTube video, years of school harassment and countless stories of friends experiences have left Almendi and others feeling increasingly unsafe in their country and their communities.

The government is becoming more Islamist, and theyre changing things. Theyre taking more and more rights from us, Almendi says. Maybe tomorrow they will pass a new law in Turkey making gay people illegal. I dont know what they could do. I dont feel safe, and its getting worse.

Regarding how queer Turkish and Kurdish people cope with the worsening state of affairs in Turkey, Almendi says, Were all creating something. Were not just living. Everyone is sad. Everyone is out of work. But we come together and help each other. We talk every day because every day is something new. We wake up and hear that one of our friends had been hit or shot or killed, and we cant just keep silent.

The AKP-era increase in arrests of Kurdish politicians, academics, journalists, human rights defenders, LGBTQI+ activists and lawyers is seen as the ruling coalition governments attempt to weaponize identity politics to maintain support among nationalist and religious voting blocs as the partys support dwindles.

In a country where rule of law has become virtually obsolete, for Levent Pikin, a self-described queer struggler, human rights defender and lawyer, fighting against systems of oppression via legal channels has become next to impossible.

The relationship in Turkey between the law and the LGBTI+ community is not one of ignoring anymore, Pikin said. The states policy has started to be based on hate toward the LGBTI+ community.

Sitting at his desk in the home he lives in with his two sisters, Pikin pulls out a package of nicotine gum and talks about how acupuncture helped him quit smoking. They put one right here, he points to the middle of his chest, It felt like clouds.

About his work as a human rights lawyer, however, Pikin takes a more somber tone.

I practice law, which doesnt exist, Pikin said. Your role in the courthouse is nothing. Sometimes you feel like an actor in a play, but not a lead actor or even a supporting actor, maybe the fifth or sixth actor.

Despite his reputation in human rights advocacy circles, Pikin, an openly gay man, has also run into a great deal of LGBTQI-based discrimination. In 2014, he was sued by the government for defamation after using the Turkish word ibne (Turkish slang for gay) and President Erdoans name in the same tweet. The case is still ongoing. Of course, I dont feel safe, he says.

Pikin was also detained via a home raid in 2016 and put into an isolated jail cell for three days in connection with his legal representation of imprisoned Kurdish politician Selahattin Demirta.

The relationship between the LGBTI+ community and the law has always been complicated because no laws have ever existed in Turkey to protect the LGBTI+ community, Pikin says. But we try to find legal holes to protect people.

Regarding his history of advocating on behalf of LGBTQI+ activists, he says, I have something in common with them. We are defending the same thing. You can speak for them and for yourself at the same time.

Pikins role as a lawyer is of increasing importance as he represents more and more LGBTQI+ activists, including Kolancal.

He represented Kolancal at her hearing at Istanbuls alayan courthouse on March 17. Demanding her immediate acquittal, he argued the charges against her for inciting hatred and insulting religious values were not substantiated.

Pikin, leaning against his impossibly full bookcase, gives his final prognosis, Change is not a quick thing. It will take time. It will cost lives. But it will change. Not tomorrow, but maybe in two years. Maybe in 20 years, it will change. We are building a house, and it is my role to add one stone, just like everyone else.

Kolancal was released from house arrest following the hearing. At the most recent hearing on July 5, witness testimony from several university security guards was heard, but the trial remains ongoing. The next hearing will be on November 17.

The reason protests are dominated by LGBTI+ people is because we are having fun while we are there. We are going because we want to. It is not like a job. LGBTI+ people just know how its done, Kolancal says. What we do is always peaceful, because we are humans, you know, we are humans with pure hearts, and we like what we are doing. We are very loud! We know what love is!

Regarding what she sees on the path ahead, Kolancal is even more optimistic and enthusiastic than the others. She sees the Erdoan-controlled governments grip on power as quickly diminishing and believes this recent homophobic turn will be ultimately unsuccessful in achieving their desired aims. This belief is supported by recent polling trends that indicate support for Erdoan and his party is dropping, with AKP support having fallen to 36 percent most recently.

The governments only weapon right now is hatred, and theyre trying to provoke people to be hateful against some kind of other. This years other is the LGBTI+ community. It is so obvious, Kolancal says. But we are the writers of history. So, even though they make these aggressive decisions, we are going to be the ones who tell this story.

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Schools, teachers find themselves in the crosshairs of critical race theory debate – PostBulletin.com

Posted: at 5:45 pm

The Republican congressman did not cite a single district that was doing so. And he declined to be interviewed or respond to questions seeking specific examples where CRT is taught.

Still, it was good politics.

RELATED: Crowd protests 'government speech,' critical race theory at Rochester School Board meeting

Critical race theory has joined the list of contentious cultural issues, such as abortion and gender identity, that sharply divides activists in both parties, says political analyst Steven Schier. Hagedorn's goal was two-fold: To mobilize his base, and to brand the other side as propagators of a nefarious theory.

"The polling I've seen is that when people learn some aspects of CRT, it's pretty unpopular," Schier said. "So politically, it's a fat target."

Schools are finding themselves at the epicenter of this debate. Rochester was one of the early flashpoints, but it hasn't been the only one in Minnesota.

The issue is also resonating and inflaming debate statewide, as work proceeds on a new set of social studies standards for public schools that seeks to include a more diverse, racially and gender-inclusive perspective.

CRT takes as its guiding premise that race is not a natural, biologically grounded feature, but a social construct used to oppress and exploit people of color. Critical race theorists maintain that the law and legal institutions in the U.S. are racist insofar as they create social, economic and political inequalities between whites and nonwhites.

On one level, it's not surprising that the clash is so supercharged, given that it pits different interpretations and narratives about what it means to be an American.

But on another, it begs the question: How did we get to this point? Less than a year ago, no one knew what critical race theory was.

The Hagedorn Report was sent out on Aug. 12, 2021.

It hasn't mattered that officials for Rochester Public Schools have emphatically denied that CRT is taught in its classrooms. And there are no plans to do so.

Nor has it mattered to eagle-eyed CRT critics who dismiss claims from Minnesota Department of Education officials that CRT is not part of the recent draft of social studies standards. They say elements of CRT are part of the draft, and they want them rooted out.

"The theme of oppression, marginalization, group identity and absent narratives drives the second draft standards and benchmarks," the Center of the American Experiment, a conservative Minnesota think tank, said in a statement this week. "Students will learn that their concept centers around their racial/gender group identity, and that limiting oppression, not facts, is the lens through which all social studies content should be viewed."

Matt Carlstrom, one of the co-chairs of the state social studies committee, said there is "zero" critical race theory in the draft. He argues that CRT is being used as a stalking horse to eliminate discussion of topics that broaden understanding of U.S. history.

"Many people don't know what (critical race theory) is," he said. "And when school districts start to talk about equity and ethnic studies and indigenous history, that is not critical race theory at all."

Carlstrom has been a social studies teacher for 29 years, and notes that before last May, he had never heard of the theory. He began researching it, wondering if it was a subject he should be incorporating in his classroom. He discovered it was an upper-level legal theory that examines how the legal system contributed to oppression and racism.

"The thing about CRT is that even the people who teach it and do research work don't necessarily agree on exactly what it is," he said about a subject that has become such a bugaboo, it has now been banned in several Republican-dominated states.

Carlstrom said the proposed draft standards are different from the ones taught today. The more inclusive historical approach outlined in the draft was in response to a survey sent out last year, seeking input from parents, teachers and community members on what changes needed to be made to the state's standards.

One response came back loud and clear: That the standards need to do a better job presenting a perspective that reflects the diversity of the state and its history.

"That was abundantly clear across the state," Carlstrom said.

He said this broadening of perspective is critical if schools are to improve their ability to engage students of color at a time when the state is become less white and more multiracial.

He recalled that when he attended a high school that enrolled a large percentage of minority students in the 1970s, those students "never saw themselves in their education." And when he went to college, it was "white, Western Hemisphere."

"If kids are going to engage in education, they must see themselves in that education," he said.

And that lack of connection, he said, is a major factor driving the state's "huge" achievement gap between white and minority students.

Meanwhile, high school social studies teachers find themselves in the crosshairs of this debate.

"The last four or five years have been freakishly hard to teach civics," said one area social studies teacher who asked not to be identified. "Very little grace or benefit of the doubt is given to teachers these days."

A recent MinnPost article highlighted how community members have made data requests to identify teachers who have received equity training. They wanted to make sure that their kids didn't have those teachers. Some kindergarten teachers worry about the books they read to students, for fear of offending their parents.

The article quoted Denise Specht, president of Education Minnesota, the state's teachers union, as saying some parents are sharing forms for students to hand to their teachers on the first day of school. The forms ask teachers to see their lesson plans every week and to review the books, worksheets and chapters used in class, MinnPost reported.

"If there is something that they object to," she said, "they plan on taking on the teacher, talking to the principal and people in the district."

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Western leaders taking cues on oppression from the Taliban – Minot Daily News

Posted: at 5:45 pm

By now youve probably heard that the Taliban fighters whose battle fatigues look like those of neo-hippies on campus at the University of California, Berkeley are on the verge of being back in charge in Afghanistan. All thanks to the failed programs funded by Western taxpayers that were apparently more like Ponzi schemes. How else could one characterize what the U.S. Defense Department estimated as $815.7 billion spent to stabilize the country and develop its institutions when the result is the NATO-trained Afghan army collapsing like it was ordered from an online cheap goods store?

If you cant create a democracy in Afghanistan after 20 years and hundreds of billions of dollars, then you arent ever going to. But where exactly did all the money go?

The internet provides some clues. As American and NATO allied troops evacuate ahead of U.S. President Joe Bidens Sept. 11 withdrawal date, images have shown Taliban fighters sliding their flip-flop-clad tootsies into some heavy artillery co-opted from the NATO-trained Afghan army, whose sub-commanders were bought off by the Taliban as soon as the training wheels came off.

But thats not all. Because this is apparently like the Showcase Showdown on The Price Is Right, where the winners played so well that they get to take home the prizes of all the players.

When NATO troops abandoned the Bagram Air Base earlier this year, ceding it to the Afghan army proteges whom they had spent the better part of two decades training, images quickly appeared online of the Taliban commandeering some nice, shiny gym equipment on that military base. Ah, the spoils of war. Hey, look at that Taliban guy cranking out reps on that state-of-the-art chest press! Check out the dude in the long robe and sandals with socks on the stationary bike!

The idea of the Taliban being back in power is enough to make a lot of people who made personal sacrifices in this war irate. But they see the straw in their neighbors eye rather than the beam in their own, as the biblical saying goes.

Apparently the Taliban are less militant than our own sanitary ayatollahs here in the West at least in the gym. They didnt even have to sign up for a time slot, apply hand sanitizer and wear masks.

Judging by the lack of social distancing and other Covid-era behaviors in the Taliban gym videos, its hard to imagine that they would impose strict sanitary measures on the population the way our leaders have here in the West.

But theyll probably oppress and kill people with whom they dont agree! you might be saying. Perhaps. But were living in countries where leaders are increasingly using the COVID-19 pandemic pretext to force people to take an experimental injection or risk losing their livelihood contrary to the principles of personal autonomy and free will.

We in Paris have spent the past 17 months being placed periodically on house arrest for our own good, being forced to wear cloth over our faces for fear of government-imposed punishment, having our movement controlled, and now being segregated and marginalized if our personal choices dont align with those of our rulers. Moreover, when some people speak out against such oppression, theyre either censored or targeted by institutions or authorities promoting the governments official narrative.

And now were seeing the leaders of our so-called democracies introducing increasingly intrusive monitoring through digital technology such as smartphone applications and QR codes, all under the pretext of ensuring adherence to the governments chosen ideology of sanitary purity.

Those among us who have been relieved of critical thought after being bombarded with fear-driven propaganda now cry out for punishment when a Western woman whips off her symbolically oppressive mask in her local grocery store, proclaims her emancipation from the sanitary regime, or rejects the imposition of a medical act like an injection by claiming, My body, my choice.

Indeed, the women of Afghanistan are going to have to contend with the Talibans return to power. But since the pandemic, the governments of allegedly free and democratic countries are not really in a position to be giving lessons on liberty to the Taliban or to anyone else. Our governments dont get to claim moral authority regarding oppression when theyre increasingly responsible for perpetrating it themselves.

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Critics of Bangladesh’s government are liable to vanish – The Economist

Posted: at 5:44 pm

Aug 19th 2021

BABA KOBE ashbe? (When will Daddy come?), asks the youngest daughter of Sajedul Islam Sumon. No one has an answer, but she keeps asking anyway. Her familys lifeand hersrevolves around his absence. Now eight, she was just one when security forces came to their suburb of Dhaka, Bangladeshs capital, and bundled her father, a local leader for an opposition party, into the back of a van. That was the last time he was seen or heard from.

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Mr Sumons tale, in a new report on enforced disappearances in Bangladesh, is a chilling example of what can happen to those who oppose or criticise the government of Sheikh Hasina Wajed. Under her 12-year tenure at least 600 Bangladeshis are reckoned to have been disappeared.

Many have eventually re-emerged. Some have been implausibly found and produced in courtlike Shafiqul Islam Kajol, a photojournalist who, 53 days after he went missing in March last year, turned up blindfolded, his legs and arms bound, in a no-mans land between Bangladesh and India. Police took him into custody, slapping a trespassing charge on to his original crime of posting on Facebook about a sex scandal involving a politician in the ruling party. Others, like Aminul Islam, have returned in body bags. He was a labour activist whose tortured remains were found dumped on the edge of Dhaka, days after his abduction in 2012. Eighty-six victims, including Mr Sumon, are still missing.

While these numbers may seem small in a country of 170m, fear of being goom (disappeared) muzzles millions of voices. Disappearances, along with an array of other human-rights abuses, are not new in Bangladesh. Under previous governments, including those led by the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the ruling Awami League, dissidents vanished and were killed. But since 2009, the year Sheikh Hasina took office for a second time, state-sponsored abductions have become a systematic tool of oppression, says Meenakshi Ganguly, South Asia director of Human Rights Watch, the advocacy group behind the report.

Bangladeshs is not the only South Asian state that covertly kidnaps its citizens. Yet, says Ms Ganguly, such actions elsewhere are usually linked to civil strife or insurgencies. Bangladesh is alone in so blatantly targeting political opponents and critics for secret detentions. Disappearances have shot up most in the run-up to elections, with over 130 before the 2014 vote and 98 in the year leading up to the ballot in 2018.

Despite such brazenness, ruling-party politicians deny or play down the abductions. In 2017 Sheikh Hasina claimed that Bangladeshs enforced disappearances paled in comparison with Britains, bogusly citing data for missing persons. Her son, Sajeeb Wazed, recently penned an article for the Diplomat, an online news site, calling the disappearances comical. Many of the vanished were fugitives who, he joked, had gone into hiding to escape arrest.

Such mocking attitudes percolate down through the state apparatus. When Marufa Islam Ruma sought answers about her missing husband, Mofizul Islam Rashed, security-force officers jeered that he had probably run off with another woman. Years after Mr Sumons disappearance, a senior officer came to his familys home and theatrically walked around the house shouting Where is Sumon? Let him out, I need to speak to him!, recalls his niece.

The families interviewed for the report named the Rapid Action Battalion, an elite police squad, as being behind the abductions. But other security units are guilty too, say various rights groups. And they all operate with impunity.

Some families give up or do not try in the first place, says Afroja Islam Akhi, Mr Sumons sister, who runs Mayer Dak, an organisation for the families of vanished Bangladeshis. They know their questions may bring punitive repercussions rather than helpful answers. She reckons the number of disappeared is far higher than the 600 known about. Only God knows the accurate tally.

This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "They just disappeared"

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Belarusian Activist Sentenced After Trying To Take Own Life In Court – The Organization for World Peace

Posted: at 5:44 pm

On August 16th, the courts of Belarus sentenced Stepan Latypov, a Belarusian activist and political prisoner, to eight and a half years in prison. He was originally put on trial in June after being arrested in September amid a violent government crackdown on political opposition. Latypovs story, however, became known out of thousands of Belaruss politically detained due to his first appearance in court. His trial earlier this summer was postponed when Latypov stabbed his own neck after recounting the threats that were targeted at his family and the torture he experienced while imprisoned. He received medical treatment and, three months later, was brought back to be issued a verdict. Latypov faced charges of arranging riots, resisting the police, and fraud, according to Reuters. While he pleaded not guilty, he was unable to escape confinement as the Belarusian government persists with its order of repression and terror.

Within the past year, the citizens of Belarus have seen rampant violence and human rights abuses. In a report on the Eastern European country, the United Nations Special Rapporteur, Anas Marin, described the current situation: the Belarusian authorities have launched a full-scale assault against civil society, curtailing a broad spectrum of rights and freedoms, targeting people from all walks of life, while systematically persecuting human rights defenders, journalists, media workers and lawyers in particular. These aggressive governmental actions have drawn the outrage of Belaruss public. Hugh Williamson, the director for Europe and Central Asia at the Human Rights Watch, stated that the sweeping brutality of the crackdown shows the lengths to which the Belarusian authorities will go to silence people, but tens of thousands of peaceful protesters continue to demand fair elections and justice for abuses.

Belarus has developed into a humanitarian disaster as the government attacks its political opponents and supporters of human rights. In the days following the nations presidential election last year, which has been deemed fraudulent by multiple independent organizations, almost 7,000 people were detained by security forces in raids against peaceful proteststhat number has since reached 35,000, as reported by the United Nations. Contested Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko has created an authoritarian state that condemns those who disagree with his regime and inhumane methods. The government of Belarus cannot continue to threaten, detain, and repress its opposition, actions that directly violate international human rights. Their efforts to impair peaceful demonstrations put the safety and security of Belarusian civil society at risk; if left unrestrained, such violence will only propel the country into greater chaos.

The Eastern European nation has faced a brutal government crackdown and human rights abuses since August 2020 when a disputed presidential election sparked large-scale protests. Among the thousands of political prisoners like Latypov are reports of police brutality and torture. The Human Rights Watch group investigated the systematic imprisonment and persecution of peaceful protesters and detailed the utilization of beatings, electric shocks, and prolonged stress to maltreat those detained. The freedoms of expression and assembly have deteriorated as the Belarusian government restricts human rights. Over a thousand dissidents have fled the country, including leaders of opposing political parties, while others have been forcibly exiled. Accounts from women in Belarus have detailed threats of sexual violence and of their children being taken away, according to Amnesty International.

As the populace of Belarus continues to suffer under the oppression of their government, there needs to be an increased focus on peace and accountability. Activists like Latypov, who experience the injustice of being arbitrarily imprisoned, threatened, and tortured, do not deserve punishment for fighting for human rights and a free system. International actors must work together to hold the Belarusian government to world standards of electoral credibility and fair treatment. The persistent use of violence in responding to peaceful protests only exacerbates the situation and causes more harm. Belarus must stop employing force and restricting its citizens. Safety, security, and human rights are essential components of civil society that should be valued above political pursuits. Continuing this violent crackdown hurts both the Belarusian people and the countrys future stability.

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