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Daily Archives: August 18, 2021
Coffee and Psilocybin: Why Two Seemingly Very Different Art Dealers Just Went Into Business Together (and Other Insights) – artnet News
Posted: August 18, 2021 at 7:36 am
Every Wednesday morning, Artnet News brings youThe Gray Market. The column decodes important stories from the previous weekand offers unparalleled insight into the inner workings of the art industry in the process.
This week, testing the line between talking about it, and being about it
Corralling the publics attention for anything is murderously hard in the neverending monsoon of distraction that is life in the social-media-and-disinformation era, and the challenge only increases in the art world, where nearly everything is subjective. In short: godspeed you, art press pros. And to your many clients and in-house employers: I understand why youre alchemizing increasingly elaborate preview events, video walkthroughs, and other spectacles to try to focus attention on your program. When the competition cranks the volume, the obvious response is to amp up your own output.
Amid this sound clash, its all the more noteworthy when two New York art dealers with significant solo track records announce their new joint gallery with not much more than a passing remark and a shrug. That was how the art world at large learned about Egan and Rosen just four days before the premiere of its inaugural exhibition on July 29. The Upper East Side project is an alliance between Mike Egan, the founder of the bleeding-edge gallery Ramiken, and Meredith Rosen, whose namesake space has toggled between tech-forward world-building, conceptual provocations, and of-the-moment themes expressed in traditional media.
Its plausible that even some plugged-in readers are only learning that Egan and Rosen exists right now because its partners tossed most of the conventional How to Launch a Gallery in 2021 playbook into the gutter. The founders decided to open in whats traditionally seen as a sweat-soaked dead zone on the art-world calendar.Then they messaged it via a single email with no follow-up (or at least none that Im aware of).
The email included one small embedded image, a few line items of basic info (location, hours of operation, etc.), and a two-sentence description of their debut exhibition, Otto Dix / Andra Ursua. The show pairs a selection of Dixs wartime sketches (one of them anticipating his revered Der Krieg cycle) and portraits of Weimar Germanys trauma-haunted hedonism with drawings from Ursuas Man From the Internet series, adapted from online images of a decaying victim of Russias war against Chechnya in the 1990s.
Andra Ursua, Man From the Internet 73 (2016). Courtesy of Egan and Rosen, New York.
The gallerys website hosts even less content. In comparison, the 12 posts on its Instagram as of publication time feel like acts of lurid exhibitionism, which is even more ironic given that several are accompanied by either no caption at all or just the hashtag #ottodix. The account had 277 followers when I filed this piece, meaning 276 other than me. If I didnt know better, I would have bet the gallery would have attracted hundreds, if not thousands, more virtual fans based purely on the presence of Ursua, whose most recentshow of ethereal sculptures with Ramiken was one of the most universally admired New York exhibitions of 2019. (The artist signed with David Zwirner last summer.)
(If youre wondering, Ramikens Instagram has an audience of more than 3,000, and Meredith Rosen Gallery has just shy of 31,000, meaning only a splinter group of the cofounders pre-existing fans have followed the trail of breadcrumbs to Egan and Rosens social presence to date.)
The week of the partnerships debut, I reached out to Rosen to confirm whether it was a full-on merger of her gallery and Egans, or a new venture that would co-exist independent of her namesake space and Ramiken. Her answer was the latter (which I noted in that weeks edition of the Back Room). After another two weeks passed with Egan and Rosen seeming satisfied to continue hiding in plain sight, curiosity prodded me into seeing if they would elaborate on what, exactly, theyre up to with their space on 78th Street. The result is the interview below, conducted by email over the weekend. (Questions and answers have been lightly edited and condensed for clarity.)
It should surprise no one that Egan and Rosen were selective about the details they divulged. But I think their answers at least bring the gallery into soft focus as a shape-shifting child of productive internal tensions and mutual disinterest in the rote professionalization that has defined too much of the art world lately. In other words, Egan and Rosen seems intent on being a gallery where the bestand nearly the onlyway to understand whats going on is to actually go. In an art trade that too often feels like a high-velocity, high-decibel assembly line clamoring for your attention, theres more than a little wisdom in that approach.
Otto Dix, Grenade Crater in a House (1916). Courtesy of Egan and Rosen, New York.
Lets start here: Instead of a full-fledged merger that marries your two programs together in all aspects, Egan and Rosen is a separate venture the two of you are operating independent of Meredith Rosen Gallery and Ramiken. It has its own space and (unless Im missing it) no gallery roster to speak of. How would you define the parameters of, and the concept shaping, Egan and Rosen? In other words, whats the overall vision, and how do some of the organizational details work (e.g. Will every show be a joint programming decision? Will you team up for art fairs or offsite projects? Do you just share all costs and sales proceeds equally?)
Meredith: Every show is a joint programming decision. We plan to do it all, fairs included.
Mike: I went diving to look at these pre-Roman sculptures, submerged off the coast of Naples, and it turned me on to a certain kind of algal existence, and I thought about how we could be like that algae, and as time floods our existence with meaning, perhaps we have to start breathing water, and grow on this shipwreck we call civilization. In ancient sculpture from the Ukraine river valleys, the goddess culture where the sculpture itself is the real thing, there is no representation or false movebecause representation leads to perfectionism.
So we do represent artists, but were not going to list them online. Now with these things in mind, a lovely punk gallery with charming manners and a thirst for blood makes a lot of sense on the Upper East Side right now. Everybody is going to love it. The gallery is set up so we can do the shows we want to do. I feel that Met energy, that Neue Galerie breakfast magic.
Each of you are now running two businesses: Egan and Rosen, and then your pre-existing spaces yourselves. That seems to fly in the face of the conventional wisdom that teaming up with another dealer is valuable in large part because it allows you to share resources and costs to make the very hard job of running a gallery somewhat easier. Why did you decide that this arrangement was the best way to join forces?
Mike: We both agreed that there were certain things that were becoming necessary to do, and this was going to be the gallery to do those things. We share some of the same hallucinations. Similar delusions too. Different pathos. Different addictions, but complementary: coffee vs. psilocybin. Economically, its very simple, and we both like the math of paid artists.
Andra Ursua, Man From the Internet 72 (2016). Courtesy of Egan and Rosen, New York.
Boring question, but Im required by journalistic law to ask: Did the pandemic and its after-effects play any role in convincing the two of you to launch Egan and Rosen when and where you did? If so, how? If not, why did you feel this summer was the right moment?
Mike: I was on the mainland when the vid popped off. Luckily, I got out, and Meredith saved me, pulled me out the gutter, and showed me this space with leopard print carpet that I fell in love with, and I really just dont want to disappoint her. So Im gonna work really hard, and Ive shared all my client info with her. And it turns out we both sell to the exact same 300 people.
Is the current Egan and Rosen space on 78th Street going to be the gallerys permanent location, at least for the time being? Either way, what aspects convinced you both it was the right location? Its obviously right around the corner from your gallery, Meredith, but the U.E.S. is a very different context than people tend to associate with Ramiken, Mike.
Meredith: Yes, 11 East 78th Street is the permanent location for Egan and Rosen.
Mike: Im not killing giant rats anymore like I was in 2009 down on Clinton Street. I had a gallery in Nichols Canyon in Los Angeles that was perfect, but only seven people came. Then I was squatting in a penthouse on 81st Street for a year and a half, but the parties got too big.
The Egan and Rosen space is perfect. Meredith found it. When it comes to galleries, the space just has to come at the right time and do the shows it was meant to do. Our vibe is: Go to the Met, then come to Egan and Rosen. Thats an art experience I can believe in.
Mike Egan, Lo peor es pedir (2021). Courtesy of Meredith Rosen Gallery, New York.
Meredith, this spring you did a solo show of Mikes artwork, a polaroid series of Lana Del Reys face that he warped by contorting his body while wearing a t-shirt with her image. What was your relationship like prior to that exhibition? How, if at all, do you think the experience of working together on a dealer-to-artist level has (or will) factor into your partnership as co-dealers/co-exhibitors? (Mike, this question is just as much for you as Meredith. It was just weird to introduce it differently than this.)
Meredith: Artists whole lives are continuous with their work. Mike as an artist informs Mike as a dealer. We had a great experience working together on Lana. The show sold out very quickly and had an unbelievable response from the public. Im looking forward to his next show at M.R.G.
Mike: I can be a difficult person, but every second of my show at Merediths gallery was joyful. I desperately need to learn how she does that. I was a big fan of Tina Braeggers paintings, and that made me want to show with Meredith. A gallery show next to the Met is a dream come true for every artist.
Technically speaking, Egan and Rosen qualifies as an expansion of sorts in a gallery business that has for years now gravitated toward the idea that the default solution is bigger, faster, more. At the same time, based on what I know of you and your respective careers, I suspect expansion is a somewhat lazy way of framing what youre aiming to achieve with the new venture. What do you think working together on Egan and Rosen can help you do first and foremost for the artists youll work with, but also for your own goals, in the art world as it exists in 2021?
Meredith: Working with artists is the thing I love about being an art dealer. Egan and Rosen is a space without constraints: secondary, primary, historical, special projects, just good shows. There are no rules, and we thrive on that. Its exciting to me to create something new, something that doesnt fit in pre-existing categories. The great thing about working with artists is theyre always pushing themselves to the next frontier, and I feel the same way as a gallerist.
Mike: Im a collector, and this job feeds my need to acquire. I have a Dix etching from Der Krieg and a Man from the Internet next to each other in my apartment. This gallery is how I form my collection philosophy, and working with Meredith on the gallery puts the art I want in reach.
If theres a goal other than to do the shows we each want to see, its to make a gallery that people love, or love to hate. I care about the work. I also care about the artists and the love of their fans. I dont have any other goals. All the structures in the art world are less than a hundred years old, and in a hundred years there will be completely different ones. Were supplying the future with the raw materials for their new art world.
Otto Dix, Reclining Female Nude, Half Figure (1929). Courtesy of Egan and Rosen, New York.
Can you give me any hints of whats coming up for the gallery in the future?
Meredith: In September, were opening a show of two paintings from the mid-90s by Takako Yamaguchi from her Smoking Women series.
And there you have it, folks. A small part of me wishes I could give you some grander takeaway about what to expect from Egan and Rosen, but the larger part of me is convinced that my inability to do so is the most promising sign of all.
Thats all for this week. Til next time, remember: show, dont tell is advice that applies to more than just writing and making movies.
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Five times Radiohead made films better with their music – Far Out Magazine
Posted: at 7:36 am
The romance of music and film is one of the finest love stories around. Just like bed and breakfast or fish and chips, this audio-visual duo has been an award-winning partnership since the dawn of time. The relationship between cinema and music can be traced by historians right back to the amphitheatres of ancient Greece and Rome.
Humanity has clearly always been aware of the deeply emotive impact of audio-visual experiences, as the number of times music and acting have come together over the course of history is innumerable. Since the advent of film at the onset of the twentieth century, the relationship between it and music has been explored extensively. The number of iconic films that equally classic scores or soundtracks have matched is dizzying.
Auteurs such as AlfredHitchcock, Stanley Kubrick and Michael Mann have all been masters of putting music to film. In fact, the latters use of green and blue and an atmospheric soundtrack in his 1986 masterpiece,Manhunter,exemplifies the meaning of diegetic. Moreover, Hitchcock and Kubrick were early masters in western cinema of understanding the impact of music in augmenting a visual experience.
If we cast our minds back, many classic examples spring to mind. Tim Burtons work with Danny Elfman has been a defining element in establishing his unusual cinematic universe, and Hans Zimmers work in the blockbusters of Christopher Nolan and Ridley Scott have majestically matched their directors visual expenditure.
Furthermore, Steven Spielbergs long partnership with composer John Williams has been nothing short of ground-breaking. In fact, Williams contribution to cinema has been so impactful that franchises such as Harry Potter and Star Wars would not be the same without their iconic audio reference point.
Of course, outside of film, there exist many musical acts whose music can best be described as cinematic and whose work has gone a great way in enlarging the impact of cinema. One would argue that the definitive example of cinematic music isRadiohead. Initially teasing their cinematic journey on their sophomore album,The Bends,in 1995, the band built on this sentiment with each release. Come 1997, with the release of what many regard as their magnum opus,OK Computer,the band would truly heed their cinematic clout and even explicitly mention it with Exit Music (For a Film).
Following the turn of the millennium, Radiohead would utilise technology to craft cerebral and forward-thinking music. Of course, this adherence to constantly pushing the boundaries has earned them many fans from across lifes spectrum, including in cinema. Most famously, they have a long-standing relationship with celebrated American director Paul Thomas Anderson (PTA), with the colourful director even filming a couple of the bands music videos. On the flip side, Radiohead guitarist Jonny Greenwood has returned the favour by penning the award-winning soundtracks to some of Andersons best-loved films, includingThe Phantom Thread, Inherent Vice and There Will Be Blood.
However, there have also been countless occasions where other filmmakers have used Radioheads music to a great effect. This is a trend that shows no signs of abating, as it seems everyone agrees that Radiohead and cinema are a match made in heaven.
Join us then as we list the five best moments Radiohead made films better.
Alfonso Cuarns 2006 sci-fi action thriller is widely respected as a brilliant film. Not only is it hailed as the best film of 2006, but it is revered for its cautionary twists and visceral camera work, namely its single-shot sequences. Starring Clive Owen and Michael Caine, the hit was equally as inspired by KubricksA Clockwork Orangeas it was Pink Floyds 1977 album,Animals.
Considering it was taking partial inspiration from such a classic album, who can be surprised that the film utilises music to a brilliant effect. Cuarns use of sound and music perfectly captures the films themes of dystopia, social unrest, loss and global infertility. Using a wide range of music from King Crimson to Aphex Twin to Kode9, the film continues to find new fans owing to its use of music.
However, the films stand-out audio-visual pairing comes when Radioheads Life in a Glasshouse from 2001sAmnesiacis quietly played amidst the banal chit-chat between Clive Owens protagonist Theo and Michael Caines weed dealer, Jasper. As Theo tries Jaspers new strain of weed, the two discuss the worlds impending doom. The use of the song perfectly matches the distortion/disassociation felt by Theo as the effects of the green plant coarse through his veins when he curses: fuck me, thats strong. The unhinged melody of Thom Yorkes vocals and the horns sliding atonality match the films suspicious themes and the feelings embodied by its characters.
Canadian directorDenis Villeneuveis a self-proclaimed number one fan of the Oxford outfit. He has used Radiohead in two of his films, 2010sIncendiesand 2013sPrisoners. It was in the former that his use of Radiohead really caught our attention. His inclusion of You and Whose Army? and Like Spinning Plates in the middle-eastern based drama,Incendies,has now entered a somewhat classic bracket.
The films opening scene uses You and Whose Army? to such a great effect that the two are almost now inextricably linked. Critic David Ehrlich wrote that the film expertly exploits Radiohead tracks for the multiplicity of their meaning, empowering the image by dislocating viewers from it. Villeneuve even admitted that he had written the song specifically into the script of the emotive drama to make it clear to the viewer that it would be a westerners point of view about this world.
The haunting montage of the films introduction, backed by the subterranean feel of the song, will stay with you for days.
This entry isso1995. The inclusion of Radioheads acoustic version of their 1995 hit Fake Plastic Trees perfectly captures the ubiquitous alternative spirit of the era. This contemporary take on Jane Austens 1995 classic novelEmma,is hailed as an iconic coming of age comedy for many reasons.
One of these reasons is its self-awareness. Yuck! The maudlin music of the university station is what Alicia Silverstones protagonist Cher proclaims to herself as the downbeat redux of the melancholic original is played. The song and film are definitive reflections of the era, and together they make a classic coupling. Radiohead were, at the time, considered one of the hottest alt-rock acts around, a moniker they would do everything in their power to ditch over the coming decade. But that doesnt make their inclusion here any less poignant.
The song soundtracks the everso nineties conversation between Cher and Paul Rudds Josh about being cool, something that today seems laughably outdated. Flannel shirts et al., the Dinner with Josh scene is a classic throwback to a bygone era where pop culture was at its height. Radiohead also pops up in the film again with their classic grower, My Iron Lung.
The 2001 American sci-fi-come-psychological thriller byCameron Croweis an ambitious yet incoherent take on the original Spanish film, Alejandro Amenbars 1997 offering,Open Your Eyes. A fast mixture of science fiction, warped reality, and a sprinkling of romance, its most memorable part is its opening.
The opening scenes are a visual montage brilliantly matched by the icy futurism of Radioheads Everything In Its Right Place from 2000sKid A. Crowes then-wife, Nancy Wilson, who scored the film, said she spent nine months working on the films music, which was done through experimentation with sound collages. She said: We were trying to balance out the heaviness of the story with sugary pop-culture music.
Wilson managed this to a great effect in the films introduction.
Featuring Tom Cruise amongst the urban iconography of New York, the repetition of the line open your eyes is a perfect nod to the films dystopian and unconscious themes, set out effectively by Radioheads hypnotic masterpiece.
Originally released as the B-Side to Radioheads 1996 single Street Spirit (Fade Out), Talk Show Host was popularised by Baz Luhrmanns inclusion of it in his cult classicRomeo + Julietin October that year. Although Nellee Hooper remixed it for the soundtrack, its inclusion is nonetheless effective.
Talk Show Host is a brilliant song in itself and in the way that it bridges that gap betweenThe BendsandOK Computer,just as Blow Out had done in hinting what was to come onThe BendsafterPablo Honey. The trip-hoppy feel of the song perfectly matches the hazy, modern film adaptation of Shakespeares classic tragedy.
The beat is slow-burning, and it reflects the hedonism inherent to the film and the era in the mid-nineties. It wraps you up in the excitement of the romance between our star-crossed lovers.
Thom Yorkes lyrics also capture the modern spin on the destructive war between the Montague and Capulet families: You want me? / Fucking well come and find me / Ill be waiting / with a gun and a pack of sandwiches.
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Five times Radiohead made films better with their music - Far Out Magazine
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It’s time to pay the Piper Baptist News Global – Baptist News Global
Posted: at 7:36 am
On a crisp November night in 2016, I stumbled upon a message from John Piper that changed my theological and ministerial trajectory forever.
I was an eager high school senior with a passion for (what I perceived to be at the time) Big God theology. At this point in my life, I had spent a year following Jesus and serving my local church. I had been powerfully converted the summer before despite having grown up in a flagship independent Baptist church in Fort Worth.
It was my earnest and genuine goal to tell as many people as I could about what God had done for me in snatching me from the pit of legalism and dead religion. While I continued to have a cordial relationship with the pastor of this church, I openly admitted that I was grateful that God saved me not only from my sin, but from much of the ruinous theology of the fundamentalist movement.
On that November night, I was walking around praying and thinking on these things when I pulled out my phone and saw the following sermon in one of my podcast feeds: Helping Each Other Endure to the End. It is still one that I will listen to whenever I have lost sight of the vision of the ministry to which I believe God has called me.
The sermon was preached by John Piper at Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis on Jan. 15, 1984. It is an exposition of Hebrews 3:12-14: Take care, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God. But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called today, that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we share in Christ, if only we hold our first confidence firm to the end.
It was in this sermon that I was first exposed to the works of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. This would eventually lead me to discovering the Bekennende Kirche, the Barmen Declaration, and the works of Karl Barth, Karl Rahner, Hans Urs von Balthasar and Jrgen Moltmann.
Commenting on Bonhoeffers compelling vision for a united Christian community, Piper remarks, These words about life together have the ring of authenticity for us because they were written not at the nerve center of comfort but on the brink. They have the taste of radical commitment that all of us dream about, many of us crave, and only a few pursue.
It was then that I was firmly convinced that Jesus truly meant what he said and said what he meant.
For the next few years, I imbibed Piper daily. His Ask Pastor John podcast, his Sermon of the Day, and his Look at the Book video series all regularly made their way into my eyes and ears. He even answered one of my questions months before I graduated high school. As time passed, my theological trajectory continued to change ever so slightly with each passing college course, small group or personal discovery. I no longer identified myself as a Christian Hedonist or consumed content from DesiringGod, but, in my navet, I had a deep respect for Pastor John.
Nearly five years have passed since that night, and now one thing has become heart-wrenchingly clear to me: As I slowly drifted away from fundamentalism, John Piper dived in headfirst.
As I slowly drifted away from fundamentalism, John Piper dived in headfirst.
In my fundamentalist upbringing, for example, I had been taught that women do not have authority over their own bodies. This was not only a misquotation of Scripture, but a blatant deletion of words from 1 Corinthians 7:4: The wife does not have authority over her own body but yields it to her husband. In the same way, the husband does not have authority over his own body but yields it to his wife.
In my fundamentalist upbringing, I had been taught that God intended for all the races to be separate. This could be seen easily in the story of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11 and the Mark of Cain in Genesis 4. And besides, marrying across the races was just asking for trouble! Conspicuously absent from this racial discourse was the Apostle Johns vision of Heaven recorded in Revelation 7:9: After this I looked, and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb.
I learned about American exceptionalism and the precious foundation on which our country was built. Psalm 32:12 was cited often: Blessed is the nation whose god is the LORD. And yet it would be many years before I finally learned that such exceptionalism was antithetical to the gospel we claimed to believe because, The LORD detests all the proud of heart (Proverbs 16:5a). It also seemed particularly convenient that national calls to repentance included expositions on the sinfulness of abortion and homosexuality, but unjust wars, racism and the plundering of the poor and the earth remained unaddressed.
I soon felt horror when I learned what Piper infamously said of wives being abused by their husbands. He quipped, If its not requiring her to sin, but simply hurting her, then I think she endures verbal abuse for a season, she endures perhaps being smacked one night.
I soon felt horror when I learned what Piper infamously said of wives being abused by their husbands.
I was shocked when I discovered that Piper does not believe it is biblical and within the confines of complementarian theology for a woman to pray or read Scripture in church. This is despite the fact that the Apostle Paul makes provisions for it in 1 Corinthians 11.
I was revulsed when Piper suggested that while there is something sexually stimulating about muscular women, it probably means the sexual encounter that such an image would lead to is something very hasty and volatile, and in the long run unsatisfying.
So then, I was entirely unsurprised when Piper recently published a 1,200-word apologia of his slaveholding hero, Jonathan Edwards. At the risk of redundancy (or worse, self-plagiarism), I must admit that my assessment of his piece is identical to my previous assessment of similar remarks regarding slaveholders from another Baptist theologian: It is as tone-deaf as it is misguided. It reeks of a paucity in percipience.
Piper writes of Edwards, No one had lifted my view of God as high as Edwards had. And as far as I could see, this vision of God served to crush my own bent toward self-exaltation. It was unfathomable to me that anyone should think I was being set up by Edwards to have the mind of a slaveholder.
Pipers defense of Edwards is, most fundamentally, an exercise in utilitarian and egoist ethics.
Truly this statement is, as Piper himself concedes, the epitome of wishful thinking. Pipers defense of Edwards is, most fundamentally, an exercise in utilitarian and egoist ethics. Pipers justification for his designation of Edwards as a humble slaveholder is grounded in Pipers own personal experiences with the Edwardsian corpus, and not the objective nature of morality and the classical Christian ethical criterion of the inherent goodness of an action.
But you need not take my word for it, for this is Pipers own admission:
I do not wish for one of my heroes to be more tarnished than he already is . Whatever explanation I might give for why Edwards did not see his way clear to the renunciation of slaveowning at his moment in history, one thing I cannot deny: Fifty years of reading and pondering Edwards has been for me more heart-humbling, more Christ-exalting, more God-revering, more Bible-illuminating, more righteousness-beckoning, more prayer-sweetening, more missions-advancing, and more love-deepening than any other author outside the Bible.
In other words, it cannot possibly be the case that Edwards was as deviant and problematic as our minority brothers and sisters have cried out in reply to his appellation of Precious Puritan. Why? Because of John Pipers personal benefit. The ethical criterion by which we determine the goodness of a thing is self.
This, however, should not come as a surprise, particularly because Pipers entire philosophy of ministry is inextricably linked to his personal feelings a Christian strain of Hedonism. After all, God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in him. Does it bring you spiritual satisfaction? Then it must be good!
This, however, does not even begin to unearth his theological rot. Piper steps to depths lower than these.
Par for the course for a Baptist minister, I will shamelessly alliterate this as Pipers perennially postmodern pet project. This, however, does not even begin to unearth his theological rot. Piper steps to depths lower than these.
Piper opines later in the piece, The New Testament ordered human relationships in Christ in such a way as to transform the master-slave relationship into something so different from owner and property that what remained was no longer recognizable as slavery in the traditional sense. And yet, Piper alleges that although the New Testament ethic was transformative, it did not say in so many words, There are no more master-slave relations in the church.
Piper has demonstrated grave errors in his theological judgment. Chief among these is that his rhetoric is identical to those of chattel slavery apologists. Because (so goes the argument) an explicit call to abolition never was given in the New Testament, but explicit instructions to masters and slaves do occur in the household codes, slavery is a divine hierarchical relationship that must be righteously ordered.
Pipers assertion would be cogent were it not for the fact that it is a bald-faced lie. The simple fact of the matter is that the New Testament does, in fact, not only abolish the master-slave distinction in the church, but annihilate it.
Pipers assertion would be cogent were it not for the fact that it is a bald-faced lie.
How Pipers reasoning stands up to the witness of inspired Scripture is beyond me. The Apostle Paul wrote Galatians 3:28 under the inspiration of the Spirit, There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. He, with the authority of the Risen Christ, commanded the Corinthians not to become slaves of men because they were bought at a price (1 Corinthians 7:23). Enslavers were condemned as not according with sound doctrine (1 Timothy 1:10).
But these words do not matter to Piper. One of the great, tragic and lasting ironies of Pipers ministry is that his voluntaristic view of God and utilitarian ethics are every bit as self-exalting, God-demeaning and theologically myopic as the caricature of Arminianism he claims to reject. I say this as a minister in the broad stream of the Reformed, Evangelical and Baptist traditions.
For Piper, the game is over before it has even begun. His theological assumptions and hermeneutical presuppositions yield a foregone conclusion of hierarchy wherein image-bearing Black and brown human beings and abused women are unwitting victims of Providence. To demand dignity and equality is an affront to the order of a capricious God in whose unstable and whimsical hands we must place our lives.
This is why he believes wives should endure being beaten by their husbands. It is why the slaveholding legacy of his heroes is so insignificant to him. It is why he has defended the new president of Bethlehem College and Seminary, who believes empathy is a sin. And, ultimately, it is why the church he served for all those decades saw his successor resign in the wake of elders accusing him of preaching a social gospel after the death of George Floyd.
His destructive theology is, at present, paying the piper.
Like his old friend in Louisville, John Piper has sold his proverbial birthright for a bowl of porridge. Like his hero Jonathan Edwards, his legacy is tainted and his theology is forever compromised by his personal failings. Pipers abysmal lack of care and empathy will perpetually enjoin him to that ever-growing list of Christian celebrities whose fall will bring immeasurable hurt to innumerable sheep in Christs fold.
Tragically, any good a person may derive from his voluminous theological and pastoral contributions is hidden behind an insurmountable pile of double-speak, hypocrisy, compromise, innuendo, inconsistency and incoherence. In the words of Frederick Douglass, Pipers religion is the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land.
What started my journey with John Piper has now ended my journey with John Piper.
What started my journey with John Piper has now ended my journey with John Piper an intense desire to embody and participate in the presence-mediating, kingdom-furthering and world-renewing redeemed community of Jesus Christ.
Bonhoeffers theology has stood the test of time and continues to tower above the pygmies because he understood something Piper has yet to grasp: So often Christians, especially preachers, think that their only service is always to have to offer something when they are together with other people. They forget that listening can be a greater service than speaking. All that remains when hierarchy replaces compassion and order replaces empathy is empty spiritual chatter and clerical condescension which chokes on pious words.
No truer words have been spoken about Pipers abysmal finish in Christian ministry. And so, I bid him farewell.
David Bumgardneris known to those attending this years SBC annual meeting as The A/C Guy because of his moment of fame at a microphone. He is a 22-year-old senior at Texas Baptist College, theologian-in-training, evangelist and content creator from Fort Worth, Texas. He is passionate about gospel-focused theology and Christ-centered expository preaching. He is a member and minister at Cornerstone Baptist Church in Arlington, Texas, where Dwight McKissic is pastor. Follow him on Twitter@david_bumg.
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Lord Mayor of Dublin invites atheists for Mansion House meeting – The Irish Times
Posted: at 7:35 am
For the first time ever members of Atheist Ireland have been invited to meet a Lord Mayor of Dublin as part of the usual round of meetings that take place when a new occupant assumes the office.
Labour Cllr Alison Gilliland, who became Lord Mayor last June, met Atheist Ireland chairman Michael Nugent and its Human Rights Officer Jane Donnelly at the Mansion House this on Tuesday afternoon.
It is customary for a new Lord Mayor of Dublin to meet the President, Taoiseach, Dublins two Archbishops, an Imam and Rabbi but this year she requested a meeting with Atheist Ireland also.
Welcoming the invitation, Ms Donnelly said it was at her initiative and never happened before. She felt it important that the Lord Mayor had placed Atheist Ireland on a par with the religions as, so frequently, atheists are portrayed as people of no belief, which was not the case. It had placed religion and beliefs on a par, she felt.
Mr Nugent noted how we are often described as people of no belief or as nones, which is not true. We have positive beliefs, he said.
They were very pleased at the meeting, where discussion centred on the importance of recognising atheism and other non religious philosophical convictions as having the same positive status as religious beliefs he said.
They also discussed our alliance with the Ahmadiyya Muslim community and the Evangelical Alliance of Ireland regarding secular education, human rights and separation of church and State.
He remarked how so often people called for engagement between religions and the secular, but were the only ones doing so.
According to the 2016 census, people of no religion (including atheists and agnostics) in Ireland numbered 481,388, or 10.1 per cent of the population. It represented an increase of 73.6 per cent on the 2011 census figure.
With an average age of 34, it was also the second largest grouping in Ireland after Roman Catholics and exceeded the numbers for all those affiliated to the other Churches and faiths in the State. In Dublin people of no religion then made up 48 per cent of those in the 24 to 29 age group.
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Closet Atheists Abound in America | Freedom From Religion Foundation – Patheos
Posted: at 7:35 am
By James Haught
Atheists are disliked in America constantly denigrated in public surveys which may explain why many doubters conceal their lack of belief.
However, a 2017 poll by University of Kentucky researchers found that perhaps one-fourth of Americans are either overt skeptics or closet atheists: a far higher ratio than previously thought. Heres the background:
Two-thirds of Americans say they have negative opinions about disbelievers. More than one-third think atheists shouldnt be allowed to teach in public schools, or hold office, or even hold rallies (talk about taking away the Constitutional right to peacefully assemble!). Revealing doubt about the supernatural can cause a storm within a family, and maybe jeopardize ones career. Therefore, atheism is hidden by some.
A 2016 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) survey found that more than one-third of atheists reported hiding their religious identity or beliefs from friends or family members out of concerns that they would disapprove, wrote Dr. Daniel Cox, Research Director of the PRRI. Dr. Cox added:
There are Catholics, Jews, and Muslims who do not believe in God; their connection to religion is largely cultural or based on their ethnic background.
Polls that ask directly about belief in God usually find that under 10 percent are bold enough to declare themselves atheists. However, two U.K. scholars, Will Gervais and Maxine Najle devised an indirect survey method called the unmatched count technique. It asks bland general questions of two control groups, and asks participants in one group if they agree with the statement: I believe in God. Authors say it reveals a lot of clandestine nonbelievers.
Results, published in the Social Psychological and Personality Science journal, estimate that 26 percentof American adults actually are atheists.
Theres a lot of atheists in the closet, researcher Gervais told Vox. Their report says:
Obtaining accurate atheist prevalence estimates may help promote trust and tolerance of atheists potentially 80 million people in the USA and well over a billion worldwide.
Frankly, I suspect that the rate of American doubters is higher still. Most churchgoers dont really believe the supernatural dogmas they sing about. Remember the old joke saying that no Christian wants to go to heaven right now.
Also, ideas about God are blurry. Some believe in a miracle worker who answers prayers, while others have much-vaguer notions. PRRI Director Dr. Cox wrote: Does a belief in mystical energy, for example, constitute a belief in a god?
When Gallup recently asked a yes-or-no question about belief in a god, 89 percentof Americans reported that they do believe. Yet, in a separate poll, only slightly more than half (53 percent) of Americans said they have an anthropomorphic god in mind, while for other believers, its something far more abstract.
Some sophisticated theologians try to shift religion away from supernatural spirits. They contend that God actually is the human capacity to feel compassion and empathy that God is love. Or, they postulate that God is the awesome, mysterious power in every atom of the universe.
But these approaches dont fit the parent-creator deity of most churches. I dont see how churchgoers could worship part of their own psychology (or pray to E=MC2). That would turn religion into something quite different.
Actually, those who would reinterpret God in a manner far removed from traditional religion are almost closet atheists of another sort.
As America relentlessly turns more secular, I think the stigma against skeptics will fade, and many more may come out of the closet.
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Meyer: Twilight of the Godless Universe – Discovery Institute
Posted: at 7:35 am
Image: Max Brckner (1836-1919), printed by Otto Henning (18..-19..)Restoration by Adam Cuerden, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
There is something in the air and its not wildfire smoke anymore. Stephen Meyers argument for what he calls the God hypothesis is very of the moment. Jordan Peterson tweeted that he is reading Meyers new book, Return of the God Hypothesis, and finds that, Meyer makes the case very carefully. Its not often that I encounter a book that contains so much that I did not know From Peterson, that is some praise.
Meanwhile in an essay in the New York Times, columnist Ross Douthat significantly, perhaps, uses the phrase from the title of the book (while not referencing the book itself). He notes some confusionamong scientists:
Because their discipline advances by assuming that consistent laws rather than miracles explain most features of reality, they regard the process through which the universe gets explained and understood as perpetually diminishing the importance of the God hypothesis.
But the God hypothesis is constantlyvindicatedby the comprehensibility of the universe, and the capacity of our reason to unlock its many secrets.
Notwithstanding what some atheist scientists may say, the God hypothesis is constantlyvindicated and I am reading that in the New York Times of all places?
Meyer himself, in the Jerusalem Post, wrote a reflection on a great and recently deceased physicist and atheist, with an ironic reference to Wagner in the headline: Steven Weinberg and the twilight of the godless universe. Its ironic because Richard Wagners opera, Twilight of the Gods while ostensibly about ancient Norse deities and culminating in the destruction by fire of their home, Valhalla expressed his own modern ideology. The Gods were not Wotan and the rest but the traditional Western idea of a personal God. It was for that reason that historian Jacques Barzun titled his important 1941 book Darwin, Marx, Wagner, arguing that the three were heralds of the dominant scientism and mechanist materialism of the day. In his book, Meyer shows that the scientific atheism of Steven Weinberg and others has itself become outdated. Weinbergs death
marks the twilight of an increasingly dated view of the relationship between science and religion. Though Weinberg was a friend to the State of Israel, he was not sympathetic to Judaism or any theistic belief. Weinberg wrote many popular books about physics in which he often asserted that scientific advance had undermined belief in God and, consequently, any ultimate meaning for human existence. The First Three Minutes, his most popular book, published in 1977, famously concluded: the more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it seems pointless.
Weinbergs aggressive science-based atheism now seems an increasingly spent force.
Not all prominent media voices have received this news:
Scientific Americans tribute to Weinberg described how scientifically literate people need to learn to live in Steven Weinbergs pointless universe. Yet Weinbergs own research built upon, or helped to make, two key scientific discoveries the universe had a beginning and has been finely-tuned from the beginning that do not imply a purposeless cosmos. Arguably, they point, instead, to a purposeful creator behind it all.
But Meyer finds meaning in the fact that some prominent atheists the New New Atheists are changing their thinking:
Figures such as historian Tom Holland, social critic Douglas Murray, psychologist Jordan Peterson and social scientist Charles Murray now openly lament the loss of a religious mooring in culture, though they personally find themselves unable to believe. These New New Atheists, as distinct from the Old New Atheists, do not regard sciences alleged support for unbelief as one of its great achievements, as Weinberg described it.
Nevertheless, many such religious skeptics have yet to recognize the most important reason to reject science-based atheistic polemics: The most relevant scientific discoveries of the last century simply do not support atheism or materialism. Instead, they point in a decidedly different direction.
Read the rest at the Jerusalem Post. What is that different direction that Steve Meyer refers to? It looks less like a twilight and more like a dawn.
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Orthobiologics Market to Grow by $ 2.02 bn at 7.01% CAGR during5 | Evolving Opportunities with Dominant Players including Medtronic Plc and Nuvasive…
Posted: at 7:34 am
NEW YORK, Aug. 13, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The orthobiologics market research report has been added to Technavio's catalog. The market is anticipated to witness healthy growth at a CAGR of 7.01%.Advanced Medical Solutions Group Plc (UK), Akcome Medical Holdings Co. Ltd. (China), Anika Therapeutics Inc. (US), Arthrex Inc. (US), Bioventus LLC (US), Globus Medical Inc. (US), Johnson and Johnson Inc. (US), Medtronic Plc (Ireland), Nuvasive Inc. (US), and Stryker Corp. (US)are some of the dominant players likely to contribute to the significant growth in the market.
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The orthobiologics market is driven by the increase in focus to reduce orthopedic surgeries and the increasing prevalence of orthopedic disorders coupled with an aging population. However, high costs and inadequate reimbursements for orthobiologics products and procedures can hamper the growth of the market during the next few years.
Read the 120-page report with TOC on "Orthobiologics Market Analysis Report by Product (Bone graft substitutes, Viscosupplementation, and Stem cells) and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and ROW) Forecasts,2021-2025":
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Top Five Orthobiologics Companies:
Arthrex Inc.
The company is involved in new product development and medical education in orthopedics.The company offers orthobiologics such as ACP double-syringe system, Angel system, BioPatella OATS Instrument Set, and others.
Bioventus LLC
The company operates in key geographic segments including the US and International. The company offers orthobiologics such as EXOGEN Ultrasound Bone Healing System, StimRouter PNS neuromodulation system, and others.
Medtronic Plc
The company offer healthcare products and services while operating in key business segments including Cardiac and Vascular Group, Minimally Invasive Therapies Group, Restorative Therapies Group, and Diabetes Group.The company offers orthobiologics such as Infuse Bone Graft, Grafton DBF, Grafton demineralized bone matrix, and others.
Nuvasive Inc.
The company generates revenue from a single operating segment which includes the development of spinal hardware and surgical support products.The company offers orthobiologics such as Osteocel, Attrax, and Propel DBM.
Stryker Corp.
The company operates in the key business segments including Orthopaedics, MedSurg, Neurotechnology & Spine.The company offers orthobiologics such as AlloWrap DS, Demineralized Bone Matrix, ProChondrix CR, and others.
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Orthobiologics Market Product Outlook (Revenue, USD bn, 2020-2025)
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How savvy risk retirement can keep medical devices from perishing in the "valley of death" – FierceBiotech
Posted: at 7:34 am
From drug delivery technology to brain-computer interfaces, revolutionary medical devices transform peoples lives in incredible ways. Today, the demand for new devices is greater than ever, thanks to the accelerated pace of medical technology innovation. Getting past the concept phase for many groundbreaking ideas requires risk management; however, inefficiency and inconsistency often impede forward momentum.
Taking a medical device from concept to reality is a lengthy and intensive process that requires rigorous research and testing and extensive trial and error. On average, it takes approximately 3-7 years to bring a medical device to the advanced formal design phase An increasing number of concepts are meeting their demise in the medical device valley of death, which is when a lack of funding prevents progress beyond early advance development and transition into the more costly formal design, verification and manufacturing phases necessary for regulatory submission, review and approval. Failure to properly evaluate and retire risk at each stage of the development process is a key reason this occurs.
The pitfalls of the valley of death are causing investors to shy away from medical technology projects, which is hampering the development of lifesaving innovations. Implementing and applying a clearly defined process for identifying and reducing potential risks throughout a project saves time and money and prevents potentially life-changing medical devices from getting stalled in the valley of death.
Effective Risk Identification and Retirement
Big opportunities often come hand in hand with big risks and that is especially true of medical devices, which directly impact peoples health and safety. The process of bringing them to market is inherently fraught with risks from technical engineering and financial risks to regulatory and market risks, and more. But finding ways to address, mitigate and manage issues and challenges along the way is a worthwhile endeavor that enables medical device makers to bring game-changing innovation to life.
A recent Greenlight Guru survey found that 33% of medical device professionals think risk management adds value but is not a strategic asset. Even more troubling is that 12% of respondents said risk management is viewed as a "checkbox" activity at their organization and only meets minimum requirements. The reality is that risk management should underpin every aspect of medical device development as the financial and safety implications are profound.
There are three ways to retire risk throughout the medical device development process. You can determine that a risk is minimal enough to safely proceed as it will be easily resolved at another stage. Alternatively, you can identify and implement mitigation activities that will eliminate the risk or reduce it to acceptable levels. You can also conclude that a risk is dire enough to stop a project from moving forward. Making go and no-go decisions at every stage of a medical device development project reduces uncertainties and drives momentum. A structured and repeatable framework for risk retirement decision making enables you to continuously and consistently identify risks and determine how to proceed.
The Biggest Risk Retirement Mistakes
Retiring risk is a complex process that requires a thoughtful, balanced and holistic approach. Designers often dont think broadly enough about what could go wrong, which is why its crucial to have an experienced risk analysis team make overarching assessments that factor in engineering, materials science, software development, cybersecurity, human factors and manufacturing. Another common mistake is not retiring enough risk during advance development, which can keep a concept from exiting the formal design and verification phase.
On the other end of the spectrum are companies that try to anticipate and resolve every potential risk too early on, which stymies progress and prevents concepts from entering the formal design phase. Careful assessment throughout a project can determine which risks are acceptable to carry forward and address later. An objective perspective and the ability to compromise are vital to effective risk retirement as adjustments will inevitably need to be made to the original idea. As alterations are made to address a given risk, its imperative to consider how other aspects of the device will be impacted by the changes, whether those impacts are acceptable, and if not, what modifications will be necessary.
A medical devices risk profile evolves with emerging information such as test results from prototypes, new regulatory requirements, new discoveries and changing market conditions. Its imperative to continually monitor and learn from insights and data. An established process for re-evaluating risk throughout the development cycle can help ensure all relevant factors are considered.
How a Risk Retirement Framework Can Help
Using a defined and comprehensive framework to guide the process can help prevent risk retirement mistakes from delaying and derailing medical device development. For example, my company, Battelle, has developed a constantly evolving and updated framework for risk analysis and retirement that is specifically designed to help medical device companies evaluate all potential risks not just technical issues at every stage, from start to finish.
We begin with a key performance indicator (KPI) chart for the medical device, which identifies the various risks, defines the level of danger and determines how risks will be addressed in the current stage of development. The adjustment of how a risk is mitigated at various stages is important. For example, if one is developing a new drug delivery device that must be accurate to within a fraction of a microliter, this would likely be a key performance indicator. In the final stretch of the project, this KPI will be demonstrated through the verification testing of actual devices but in the concept stage, it could be sufficiently retired with the thorough analytical model that demonstrates the concepts likelihood of providing sufficient accuracy. When risks are identified and deemed addressable at a later phase in order to keep a project moving forward, they are flagged for focused concept and engineering studies to identify solutions and mitigations before they can go on to the next stage.
Whether its connected drug delivery devices that improve patient safety or neurotechnology that empowers paralyzed patients to regain conscious control of their fingers, hand and wrist, breakthrough medical innovations make peoples lives better in impactful ways. Thats why its essential to prioritize risk management and retirement and employ a consistent framework that fosters the successful development of safe and effective medical device products.
Learn more about Battelles Risk Retirement Framework.
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Brain Implants Will Arrive Sooner Than You Think. What Does That Mean, Exactly? – Built In
Posted: at 7:34 am
Picture this: Its June 11, 2046and a young designer, Vance, wakes up and puts on an earpiece called Eva. The device, a brain-computer interface (BCI) of the future, decodes neural signals in his brain. Using only his thoughts, he asks the device to report his daily notificationsand 13 new thought messages appear on his phone.
Later, at work, a barrage of notifications are announced through the earpiece until he asks all except phone calls and messages to be silenced until 11:30 a.m. Using his mind to operate an imagined desktop application called Neural Sculptor, he designs a three-dimensional animated figure, mentally narrating the creation of the eyes, ears, hair, mouth and beard.
Back at home, with Evas voice as a guide, he cooks ratatouille and makes plans with a friend. Before signing off for the evening, he reads part of a book and silently asks Eva to save inspirational passages. She tells him, Based on your serotonin levels, the most impactful quote was, You cant wait for inspiration, you have to go after it with a club.
This scenario is pure fantasy, of course a speculative YouTube video about the future of BCIs created by the product design studio Card79. But Afshin Mehin, design director at the company, which has worked on everything from the industrial design of implantable brain-computer interfaces for Elon Musks Neuralink to futuristic wearable tech for companies like Lululemon, said its a future thats starting to come into focus.
I think the implications are super broad and expansive at this point because we have a lot of imagination about what BCIs could do, Mehin said. And I think this is a fun time to imagine whats possible.
If Mehins predictions come true, as the uses of brain-computer interfacesprogressfrom highly regulated clinical and experimental research trials for people with neuromuscular conditions such as spinal cord injuries, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy and brain stem stroke to public health and consumer applications, UX and UI designers will play an important role in imagining their potential uses and ethical implications.
And indeed, the results of recent research demonstrations are impressive. Last month, a team at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), led by neurosurgeon Edward Chang, used a high-density electrode array to decode words from brain activity. As reported in a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the trials first participant was a 36-year-old man who experienced a stroke that left him unable to form intelligible words. With an electrode array surgically implanted in his sensorimotor cortex, an area of the brain involved in tactileperception and the planning and execution of physical movement, the man was able to form words on a computer screen at a rate of roughly 15 words per minute.
I think the implications are super broad and expansive at this point because we have a lot of imagination about what BCIs could do.
While BCIs take many forms and target different brain regions, the subdural implant Changs team used maps groups of neurons linked to muscle movements in the vocal tract. The researchers asked the participant, dubbed Bravo-1, to imagine saying 50 common words, each almost 10,000 times, according to a report in MIT Technology Review.
By training a deep learning model to detect and classify words by neural signals, the researchers could correctly identify Bravo-1s words with 47 percent accuracy. When they fed his sentences through a natural language model that predicts the probability of word sequences from their syntax and usage think auto-correct and auto-complete the accuracy rate jumped to 75 percent.
Still, for as much promise as BCIs hold for enhancing communication in people with severe paralysis, there are plenty of kinks to be worked out.
In the UCSF study, the systems performance is restricted to a highly limited vocabulary range, nowhere near the more than 170, 000 words in the English language. Plus, it took 22 hours of brain recordings in 48 sessions to produce.
I dont want to downplay it by calling it a baby step, Dean Krusienski, a professor of biomedical engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University who has spent decades studying BCIs, said. Its a very major advance, but theres still a long way to go to achieve more natural verbal communication.
More on the Future of UX DesignCould Virtual Reality Be a Remedy for Pain?
For Facebook, which helped fund the project led by Chang, the study apparently failed to provide compelling evidence to move forward with a separate but related project:anAR/VR headset that would let users send text messages by thought dictation. In a blog post where the company expressed its goal in funding the research to determine whether a silent interface capable of typing 100 words per minute is possible, and if so, what neural signals are required itannounced it wasdiscontinuing prototype development of the headset in favor of a wrist-based product with a more conceivable path to market.
The bigger setback for Facebook, though, may be that an optical headset of the type the company envisioned for consumer use is far different than a prosthetic surgically inserted inside the brain.
Its still like listening to the stadium a block away, Cynthia Chestek, an associateprofessor who researches brain-machine interfaces at the University of Michigan, said of the former. You can tell somethings happening, but you wouldnt attempt to overhear a conversation.
When neurons fire, she explained, they create a puff of voltage. The closer a device is to the neurons, the better the data. Yet, the signal falls off [in a ratio of] one over the distance, which is a super, super steep fall off, Chestek said. The reason you can record anything at all from outside of the head is because lots of things are happening at the same time.
So what can you measure externally?
For example, from outside the scalp you can determine what side of the brain a seizure is on or tell what sleep cycle somebody is in, Chestek said.
These deductions can be instructive, but theyre a far cry from deciphering signals from individual neurons to help people type telepathically at 100 words per minute.
Its still like listening to the stadium a block away. You can tell somethings happening, but you wouldnt attempt to overhear a conversation.
On the other hand, brain implants are unlikely to take hold as a consumer option in the near future due to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and the surgical risks involved. Invasive procedures like electrocorticography, as reported in theMcGill Daily, usually involve the implantation of electrodes epidurally (under the skin), subdurally (under the scalp) or intracortically (recording within the cerebral cortex). These risks, the report notes, include infections, hemorrhage, tissue damage, personality changes and immune reactions that diminish the devices effectiveness.
Still, for neuroscientists developing BCIs and testing their potential to restore communication and mobility in people who have lost bodily movement due to paralysis or neurodegenerative disease, the field is full of promise.
A lot of really exciting stuff is happening, Chestek said. People are finding ways of recording or stimulating thousands of individual neurons. People are also figuring out how to create electrodes that are smaller than neurons so they can go into the nerves and not do damage. So everybodys excited.
As an illustration of whats possible, Krusienski pointed me to a 2012 video of Jan Scheuermann, a woman with quadriplegia, who used her mind, assisted by an implanted BCI, to control a robotic arm to raise a chocolate bar to her mouth and take a bite.
One small nibble for a woman. One giant bite for BCIs, Scheuermann said.
And after that breakthrough and similar demonstrations at universities across the country, the field has continued to advance with roughly 30 people implanted to date. Just last year, Chestek and her colleagues trained electrode-implanted monkeys to telepathically operate distinct digits of their hands a potential pathway to use BCIs to animate individuated finger movements in people with artificial hands.
Developments such as these are encouraging to Mehin. As part of San Francisco Design Week, he premiered Card79s Day in the Mind video as part of a panel discussion about the future UX of BCIs. Speaking to me by phone after the event, he said one possibility is that a BCI could serve as a home assistant that lives in the brain, giving people the capacity to do things they already do like order food or compose a memo faster and with a greater degree of privacy.
The other obvious superpower is that youre able to access data that you dont, literally, have to hold inside your head. And I think thats the one people get excited about, he said. Assuming the bandwidth is high enough, its easy to start to imagine querieslike, Whats the capital of Angola? What was our revenue last quarter? Things you can easily get back in a qualitativeway.
Mehin admits these scenarios are somewhat far off, especially if they are to be achieved non-invasively, as Facebook had imagined. But advances in machine learning applications with narrow intelligence could accelerate development. The scenario presented in the Day in the Mind video, for example when Vance mentally constructs a cartoon head was inspired by an existing Figma plug-in, GPT-3, that can create layout templates for scrollable windows, buttons and profile pictures by making inferences about a users intentions from common patterns associated with their text commands.
Assuming the bandwidth is high enough, its easy to start to imagine queries, like, Whats the capital of Angola? What was our revenue last quarter? Things you can easily get back in a qualitativeway.
Machine learning will start to pick up on your specific neural fingerprint and then be able to accommodate it, Mehin said. Its got to get faster, deciphering the nuances of how a version of a word sounds in your brain versus someone elses.
The first consumer products will likely be much less sophisticated, something resembling the flagship product of the Montreal-based company eno: noise-canceling headphones designed to improve concentration by using electroencephalography (EEGs) to track electrical brain activity. In 2016, Card79 worked on the desktop UX of the companys website, and from 2016 to 2018, they collaborated with a London-based company, Kokoon, on the design of headphones purported to enable better sleep.
The products work in much the same way: data from EEGs is fed into algorithms that infer usersmental states and generate complementary soundscapes either to sustain focus, in enos case, or to help people sleep more restfully, as Kokoon maintains its product can do.
But Chestek and Krusienski remain skeptical of the capabilities of such devices.
EEGs may be fun for video games, but even for that, it may or may not work, Chestek said. You have to do something like use the Force. Train hard enough, right? Its not nothing, but youre never going to use [EEGs] to drive a car, she said.
Yet even if the data these devices generate is relatively crude, it could present an immediate, low-risk opportunity for software companies to pursue BCI development. That UX is even part of the conversation surrounding BCIs suggests they are moving closer to reality.
Like any user experience, Mehin said, Youre going to try and create value up front and say, Okay, right out of the gate, we can get you to, say, press that cursor without having to move your armor mentally turn on a light something that gets [people] to understand how the system works and appreciate its value, even if it might not be that powerful.
More on UX Design and Machine Learning The Era of Cookie-Cutter Web Design Is Ending
Meanwhile, the design of BCIs continues to improve. Early brain implants,such as the Utah intracortical electrodearray built by Salt Lake City-based Blackrock Neurotech, Chestek told me, were limited in the strength of the neural signals they could detect. The 20 mm-wide, razor-thin chips contained about 100 metal electrode filaments sprouting from a silicon base. BrainGate, a multi-institutional U.S. research collaborative, used them in the first clinical tests of BCIs in people withparalysis andneurodegenerative diseases.
While the Utah arraycontinues to perform well, Chestek said, newer implants being developed by software companies like Neuralink contain thousands of electrodes, meaning they can sample from larger collections of the brains roughly 85 billion neurons.
Each neuron individually doesnt tell us much, Krusienski explained. We need to know whats happening in groups of neurons and interconnected networks of neurons to really decode high-level function in the brain.
The performance has gone up, Chestek said.[Even with] the original 100-channel sensor, we are much better at interpreting the signals. If somebody ever hands us 1,000 channels like Neuralink is trying to do, its going to get better by leaps and bounds.
Shrinking the size of implants is another promising area of experimental research, which could make electrocorticography surgery less invasive by minimizing the risk of damage to vascular tissue.
Each neuron individually doesnt tell us much. We need to know whats happening in groups of neurons and interconnected networks of neurons to really decode high-level function in the brain.
Theres a movement within neurotech of building smaller and smaller electric devices, Matt Angle, CEO of Paradromics, an Austin-based neurotech company, said. The brain is a network of blood vessels, almost like a loosely woven blanket. If the device is small enough under 50 micronsor about the size of a cross-section of a human hair, he told me it can be inserted in the gaps between these blood vessels with less risk of damage to surrounding brain tissue.
Moreover, recent findings in medical journals, such as those reviewed in a paper Krusienski and his colleagues published in Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, have shown the potential of inserting electrodes into deeper brain structures through stereotactic guidance in essence, inserting electrodes through a small hole drilled in the skull. This technique appears to yield less trauma and better outcomes than electrocorticogramimplants, and also has the potential to reach new brain regions.
Angle is one of the people keenly interested the technologys development. His company is developing an ultra-thin, wireless BCI implant featuring four, 400-electrode modules for clinical use in patients with severe paralysis. The device, scheduled for completion by the end of the year, will be tested on sheep in early 2022, he told me, with the hope of securing FDA approval for testing in humans thereafter. In the meantime, the company unveiled what its calling the largest ever electrical recording of cortical activity, from over 30,000 electrode channels in sheep cortex.
If high-bandwidth, bi-directional devices like the ones being developed by Neuralink and Paradromics become commercially accessible, Angle said, they could provide new avenues to treat medical conditions that purely biological approaches cannot yet address. In effect, these BCIs become modems for the brain, connecting cortical structures to computers that circumvent traditional signal pathways to trigger sensory and motor responses.
Were really, really far from being able to regrow a retina or reattach an eye to the brain, Angle said. But were at a point now where we can put visual data into the visual cortex [to recreate image sensation]. Were really far away from being able to repair a spinal cord and allow a person whos quadriplegic to walk. But what we can do, right now, is put devices in the motor cortex of a patient whos paralyzed and allow them to use the signals in their motor cortex to control a mouse on a screen, to type, even, we think, to produce speech.
A Los Angeles company called Second Sight might offer a glimpse of what lies ahead. It gained approval by the FDA for the treatment of the degenerative eye disease retinitis pigmentosa with a retinal implant called Argus II. The 60-electrode device, Angle said, is being used to reconstruct a low-pixel visual display for people who experience decreased vision in low light or have limited peripheral vision. The device has been implanted in more than 350 people, according to the companys website.
All this raises some important ethical questions. Assuming BCIs can be installed safely, who will have access to these devices? Could having neural superpowers divide society into different classes? And crucially, how will users privacy be protected once their brains become quasi-data streams?
Ario Jafarzadeh, head of player experience design at Roblox,speaking to me after a panel discussion on BCIs at San Francisco Design Week where he was a guest, said that while touching on many topics, the conversation centered on the role UX designers could have in shaping BCI development.
What resonated with me, if [brain-computer interfaces] are inevitable,and we know about Black Mirror scenarios at least three episodes of the show involved BCIs it behooves the design community to get ahead of it and have this be a force of good in the world and not a dystopia, he said.
If commercial BCIs take hold, Mehin sees UX designers becoming de facto ethicists who sit between the interests of product marketing teams who wish to collect user data and consumers who wish to keep their thoughts to themselves.
What resonated with me, if [brain-computer interfaces] are inevitable ...it behooves the design community to get ahead of it and have this be a force of good in the world and not a dystopia.
In much the same way regulations in the European Union governing cookies under the General Data Protection Regulation and ePrivacy Directive required designers to surface messages letting users know how their data was being tracked, government mandates will likely dictate theprotections designers are required to build into their systems.
High visibility displays of a BCIs on or off status are one way designers might begin to build consumer trust. The speculative BCI operating system in the Day in the Mind video, for instance,would require the user to swipe up on an auxiliary phone screen display to connect to the earpiece through an encrypted neural connection. Giving the system access to onesthoughts, in other words, would necessitate a high degree of intentionality.
It shouldnt be like Chrome for your brain, Mehin said. There should be this entire level of protection thats giving you the sense that things are actually not that easy to access.
Easily accessible permissions settings could offer another layer of protection.
In the video, theres a point where the main character says, Eva, turn off all notifications until 11:30 am. And that level of control has to be built into the experience so someone, as soon as they feel overwhelmed, can either shut off the device or tune it down, Mehin said.
But to have a real impact, BCIs will need to be psychologically safe for users who dont change the default settings at all.
In the book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, authors Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein suggest default settings often dictate what people want. Facebook Portal, a video calling device that keepsthe microphone and camera turned off by default, acknowledges users desire for privacy, and BCIs, presumably, could be similarly gated toprevent involuntary oversharing. But consenting to show your face on camera or share your views verbally is obviously much different than letting a device mine your thoughts.
Whats more, the impact on those who dont wish to use BCIs would need to be considered. Just imagine how it might work in the context of online datingif one person has a BCI and the other doesnt.
How would you initially meet someone? Mehin asked. How would you flirt with them? At what point would you invite them into your thoughts? What would dating look like if youre not having a good date? Would you just kind of start chatting with friends in your head?
And thats only the tip of the iceberg.
Elon Musk is talking about other things like psychotherapies orpsychiatric disorders, Krusienski said. Pretty much, any neurological disorder, hes claiming theres a possibility to do this with [Neuralinks] technologyor brain-computer interface technology, in general.
If theoretically feasible, thats a long way off. Before broaching the ethical dilemmas inherent in using BCIs to manage social interactions or lay the foundation for mind-altering psychiatric treatments, Mehinbelieves UX and UI designers may be implored to address a more fundamental question: Whose needs do BCIs best serve?
To that question, Anglehas a clear answer.
Especially with respect to implants, I think we should be thinking about what we can deliver to people with severe disabilities. And, I think, people in theUI/UX domaincould have a huge impact, moving into assistive communication, Angle said. We want to build things that are seamless, or natural, for patients to use. And thats a skill set you dont necessarily find in the person whos doing the signal processing or the person who did their Ph.D. in the motor cortex. Its a skill set of people that dont normally think about neurotechnology, but should.
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Astronauts Alarmed by Huge Fires on Surface of Earth – Futurism
Posted: at 7:33 am
"We've been very saddened to see fires over huge sections of the Earth, not just the United States."Earth in Flames
Its no secret that our planet is literallyand figurativelyon fire right now.
In fact, some wildfires are so large that they can now easily spotted from space an unfortunate perspective of what may be our impending doom.
During a recent call with Insider, NASA astronaut Megan McArthur described the grim experience of being stationed on board the International Space Station while the Earth is in turmoil below.
Weve been very saddened to see fires over huge sections of the Earth, not just the United States, McArthur told the outlet.
She also took the opportunity to call for action.
Over many years, scientists around the world have been sounding this alarm bell, she told Insider. This is a warning for the entire global community. Its going to take the entire global community to face this and to work through these challenges.
Satellite images show huge regions across the entire planet engulfed in clouds of smoke of astronomical proportions, from Siberia, Greece, and Spain all the way to the Pacific Northwest.
Turkey has been hit particularly badly this year, as evidenced invideos of vacationers clearing beaches as the fires are raging in the background.
Some, like the Bootleg Fire in Southern Oregon, are so huge that theyre creating their own freak weather patterns. The US is even struggling to recruit enough firefighters.
Last week, the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a shocking report declaring code red for humanity.
Seeing that demise from several hundred miles floating above the Earths surface must be shocking, to say the least.
READ MORE: Astronauts say theyre saddened to watch the climate crisis from the space station: We can see all of those effects from up here [Insider]
More on wildfire: There Are So Many Wildfires That the US Cant Find Enough Firefighters
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Astronauts Alarmed by Huge Fires on Surface of Earth - Futurism
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