Daily Archives: July 5, 2021

Cryptocurrency Prices Today on July 4: Bitcoin up, Ethereum sees biggest jump at 2.35% – Moneycontrol.com

Posted: July 5, 2021 at 5:31 am

Bitcoin's price is currently $34,505.41 and its dominance is 45.50 percent, an increase of 0.18 percent over the day.

July 04, 2021 / 07:53 AM IST

The cryptocurrency market is in the green on July 4 (today). Its global market cap is $1.42 trillion, a 2.06 percent increase over the last day. The total crypto market volume over the last 24 hours is $60.59 billion, which makes a 6.59 prevent decrease.

The volume of all stable coins is now $47.02 billion, which is 77.61 percent of the total cryptocurrency market's 24-hour volume. Bitcoin's price is currently $34,505.41 and its dominance is 45.50 percent, an increase of 0.18 percent over the day.

Ethereum gained the most by 2.35 percent, followed by Bitcoin which gained 2.25 percent; while Dogecoin fell the most by -0.22 percent.

This comes as Coinbase CEO and co-founder Brian Armstrong announced that the company is expanding its team in India.

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What to know about investing in bitcoin trusts – CNBC

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As the Securities and Exchange Commission punts decisions on approving bitcoin exchange-traded funds, companies have created other options to meet the growing demand for cryptocurrency.

One alternative, bitcoin trusts, holds the digital currency, making it easier for investors to add cryptocurrency to their portfolios.

"You're more or less buying a basket that has bitcoin inside of it," said financial planner Zechariah Schaefer, founder of Ascent Personal Finance in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Bitcoin trusts allow investors to buy exposure to the digital currency through brokerage or retirement accounts without the wallet, key or storage concerns of cryptocurrency exchanges.

More in Personal Finance:As SEC delays bitcoin ETFs, other choices emerge for investors There's a push to bring bitcoin to 401(k) plansHere's why cryptocurrency crashes on weekends

"The trusts are just an easy way for investors to get access to the underlying bitcoin without buying it directly," said Tyrone Ross, CEO of Onramp Invest, a company providing "cryptoasset" management technology to financial planners.

While bitcoin trusts may offer a simpler way to invest in cryptocurrency, there are downsides to consider, financial advisors say.

A bitcoin trust operates differently than a mutual fund or ETF. These trusts periodically sell a limited number of private shares to so-called accredited investors, who meet strict income, net worth and experience requirements.

Later, those accredited investors may sell their shares through public markets. But the prices may not match the underlying asset, known as trading at a discount or premium.

For example, if someone buys $1 of a bitcoin trust, their share may have 70 cents of bitcoin or $1.10 of bitcoin, depending on the asset's demand.

"There's another layer of supply and demand volatility surrounding it," said Schaefer.

Currently, the most popular choice is the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, with $21.7 billion assets under management. Osprey Bitcoin Trust released a competing option in February, managing nearly $91.2 million.

By comparison, Vanguard's 500 Index Fund, tracking 500 of the country's largest companies, has $231.84 billion in assets.

Another downside of investing in bitcoin trusts is the fees, which are typically more than the average mutual fund or ETF.

For example, the average expense ratio for ETFs dropped to 0.45% in 2019, according to Morningstar. Grayscale charges an annual fee of 2%, whereas Osprey's is 0.49%.

For most people, it may be cheaper to buy bitcoin through a cryptocurrency exchange, like Coinbase, Schaefer said.

However, someone may be willing to pay more to avoid cryptocurrency exchanges or to add bitcoin exposure in their regular individual retirement account.

"Right now, if you really want to have your crypto in a tax-advantaged retirement account, then you just have to bite the bullet and pay those high costs," Schaefer added.

Investors have been clamoring for bitcoin ETFs for years, hoping for cheaper and easier ways to add cryptocurrency to their portfolios. Experts say these funds may also offer more transparent pricing.

"You won't have these large discounts or premiums, which is huge," Ross said.

While several companies have filed to release the first U.S. bitcoin ETF, the SEC has continually put off decisions. SEC Chairman Gary Gensler expressed the need for more cryptocurrency regulation in May, seeking greater investor protections.

Both Grayscale and Osprey have committed to converting their bitcoin trusts to ETFs when regulators are ready.

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Marathon Digital Reports 17% Increase in Bitcoin Production for June – Yahoo Finance

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Marathon Digital Holdings generated 265.6 bitcoins during June, a 17% increase over the previous month, the company said in a press release Friday. That total brought the publicly traded bitcoin mining companys Q2 haul to 654.3 bitcoins, more than three times the nearly 191.7 bitcoins it produced over the first three months of 2021.

Las Vegas-based Marathon said that it now holds approximately 5,784 bitcoins at a value of $201.6 million based on a July 1 price of $34,855 per bitcoin, including 4,182 bitcoins that it bought in January as part of its effort to become what former CEO Merrick Okamoto called a pure-play bitcoin investment option. Marathon is scheduled to report earnings on Aug. 13.

The company said that it had installed 1,740 miners in June bringing its fleet to 19,395 miners. Earlier this year, the company promised to reach a goal of installing more than 100,000 miners by the end of Q1 2022 that will boost its hash rate power to 10.37 exahashes per second (EH/s). The companys current miners generate 2.09 EH/s).

Related: Ransomware Group REvil Strikes Again, Demands $70M in Bitcoin from 200 US Firms

Marathon also said that it had received 18,702 S-19 Pro ASIC miners from Bitmain this year with an additional 1,056 Pro ASIC miners in transit, and that it had completed construction of containers for mining rigs at its Hardin, Montana, facility.

The company will install 12,000 miners at the Hardin location by the end of September and then begin placing 73,000 miners at a 300-megawatt facility in Texas hosted by Compute North.

Marathons current CEO Fred Thiel said in the press release that Marathon had performed maintenance and upgrades on systems before deliveries of miners accelerated, and in anticipation of a decline in global hashrate. We are now better prepared to receive the large upcoming shipments and take advantage of expected favorable mining conditions, Thiel said.

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Here’s What Bill Gates Has to Say About Bitcoin – The Motley Fool

Posted: at 5:31 am

Bill Gates is best known for co-founding Microsoft, but the billionaire entrepreneur has been involved in many other ventures as well -- including running a huge charitable foundation.

He clearly knows a lot about technology and about finances. As a result of his knowledge, it can pay to listen to his advice about Bitcoin if you're thinking about investing in the popular cryptocurrency.

So what does Gates have to say about it?

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Gates addressed the issue of investing in Bitcoin in a conversation about Tesla CEO Elon Musk's Bitcoin holdings. Musk has famously been bullish on Bitcoin, and Tesla (the company, not Musk) made a $1.5 billion bet on the cryptocurrency.

In an interview with Bloomberg Television, Gates commented that "Elon has tons of money and hes very sophisticated, so I dont worry that his Bitcoin will sort of randomly go up or down." However, while the Microsoft founder made clear that he wasn't concerned that Musk's fortunes would rise or fall with the cryptocurrency, he did warn others who might be considering a large investment in the virtual coin.

"I do think people get bought into these manias who may not have as much money to spare," Gates said. "My general thought would be that if you have less money than Elon, you should probably watch out."

Gates, in other words, appears to believe that cryptocurrencies -- including Bitcoin -- may not necessarily be sound investments. Like many financial experts who are wary of crypto, Gates's comments suggest he may think people are buying Bitcoin based on hype rather than because the coin has a lot of underlying potential.

Because Gates described Bitcoin's ups and downs as "random," his words also suggest he may not believe the price of the coin necessarily tracks its intrinsic value. His warning also addresses the issue of volatility as the price of Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) can fluctuate widely -- sometimes in a matter of hours or days.

Since most people do have less money than Musk, everyday investors may want to take Gates's advice and be wary of sinking a lot of money into crypto investments. In other words, if you'd face real financial consequences if your Bitcoin investment performs poorly, you may want to avoid taking a big risk with your money.

A Bitcoin investment could potentially pay off if the timing is just right or if there's a major shift and Bitcoin becomes a viable real-world currency as more companies start accepting it. But there is also a huge risk associated with any crypto investments since the market is so unregulated and because there's a lot of uncertainty about the future of virtual currencies.

That said, you don't have to listen to the advice of Bill Gates or any expert commentary about Bitcoin. If you do your research and decide you're confident your investment is a sound one, then you may decide to go forward with a crypto investment. Just be aware of the outsized risk and don't invest so much that you put your financial security on the line.

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Here's What Bill Gates Has to Say About Bitcoin - The Motley Fool

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JPMorgan Predicts When Bitcoin Bear Market Will Be Over Markets and Prices Bitcoin News – Bitcoin News

Posted: at 5:31 am

Global investment bank JPMorgan has predicted that the bitcoin price slump will likely be over when the cryptocurrencys dominance rises back above 50%. I think thats another indicator to watch here in terms of whether this bear phase is over or not, the firms analyst explained.

JPMorgan analyst Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou has shared his view of when he expects the current bitcoin bear market to be over. In an interview with CNBC on Tuesday, the analyst explained that the bitcoin price slump will likely end when the cryptocurrencys market share of all cryptocurrencies climbs back above 50%. He explained:

A healthy number there, in terms of the share of bitcoin as a percentage of the total cryptocurrency market cap, is 50% or above. I think thats another indicator to watch here in terms of whether this bear phase is over or not.

It was like 60% back in the beginning of April, the JPMorgan analyst recalled, adding that bitcoins relatively low market share was a negative signal that suggests interest in BTC remains relatively subdued. However, Panigirtzoglou pointed out that bitcoins market share had risen in recent weeks.

Bitcoins dominance is currently about 46% and BTCs price stands at $34,609 at the time of writing, based on data from Bitcoin.com Markets.

While the JPMorgan analyst sees little sign of big investors buying the dip in bitcoin, he noted:

The flow into ethereum funds has slowed over the past two to three weeks, at the same time as the flow into bitcoin funds has improved. That means there is perhaps a relative value opportunity that some institutional investors are seeing to buy bitcoin and sell other cryptocurrencies.

Last week, another JPMorgan analyst said that the crypto market is healing even though it is not yet healthy. Furthermore, the near-term outlook for the crypto market is challenging, the analyst added, warning of more sell-offs.

Panigirtzoglou said earlier this month that there was an unusual development in the bitcoin futures trend. We believe that the return to backwardation in recent weeks has been a negative signal pointing to a bear market, he wrote.

Meanwhile, JPMorgans CEO, Jamie Dimon, said last month during his congressional testimony before the House of Financial Services Committee regarding cryptocurrency that his personal advice to people is to stay away from bitcoin. Nonetheless, he acknowledged that JPMorgans clients want exposure to the cryptocurrency.

What do you think about JPMorgans bitcoin prediction? Let us know in the comments section below.

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Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a direct offer or solicitation of an offer to buy or sell, or a recommendation or endorsement of any products, services, or companies. Bitcoin.com does not provide investment, tax, legal, or accounting advice. Neither the company nor the author is responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in this article.

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India Needs a New Round of Bankruptcy Reform That Won’t Stiff Creditors – Bloomberg

Posted: at 5:31 am

Five years ago, India came up with a legal answer to itsperennial economic challengeofrescuing the money stuck in zombie firms. Unlike China, which hasthe cushion of high savings, Indias inefficient use oflimited domestic capital has meant a chronic inability to put its swellingranks of youthto work. After toying with the ideafor more than a decade, the solution New Delhi hit upon was a modern bankruptcy code.

The numbers have beena mixed bag.According to an analysis by REDDIntelligence, of the 4,300-plus stressed debtors that have been taken through the 2016 corporate insolvency law, 48% were liquidated, half of them under 314 days. Of the 13% that got sold to bidders, half exitedbankruptcy in less than 425 days. These, as the REDD researchers note, arent bad outcomes, considering that wait times previously werefive-years-plus.

However, if the insolvency law did indeedlead to timely extractionof meaningfulsums, one shouldalso see redeployment of credit in new ventures. The evidence on this front is weak. At 6%, loangrowth is anemic.Companies dont want to borrow even at negative real interest rates; corporate leverage is at an all-time low of 0.46 times equity, according to the Boston Consulting Group.

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Incomplete bankruptcy reform isntthe only reasonIndian banks arent lending more to new firms,choosing instead to finance unsecured personal credit, which doesnt create many more new jobs. Over the past year, itcouldbe seen as a confidence issue. As a deadly second bout of the pandemic recedes, firms probably need assurancethat the economy wont be hit by lockdowns again. That would require a far greater proportion of the population to be fully vaccinated than the less than5% at present.

Yetthe bankruptcy code doesnt deservethe full benefit of the doubt. Its biggest failing is its institutional infirmity. Leaving aside a fewbig-ticket sales, mostly of steelmakers such asEssar Steel India Ltd.,the recovery rate for creditors has been just24%, according to Macquarie. While India is perhapsable to extricate capital fasterthan before, it still cant get much out of dead firms.

Even the insolvency tribunal issurprised that metals magnate Anil Agarwal is paying almostnothing to wrest control of Videocon Industries Ltd., after creditorsaccepted just 4cents on the dollar for their 648 billion rupee ($8.7 billion) exposure to theconsumer-appliance maker and its 12 group companies. Bankers to Siva Industries and HoldingsLtd. approved a one-time settlement with thecontrolling shareholder of the investing firm, taking a 93.5%hit on theiroutstanding claims of $650 million.In the case ofRuchi Soya Industries Ltd., lendersfirst agreed to a harsh haircut. Then they gavemoneyto Yoga guruBaba Ramdevs Patanjali AyurvedLtd.to take over the bankrupt edible-oil maker.

The low recovery rate isntdoing any favors to Indias state-run banks, which hold most of the souredloans. Severalof them will now own astake in Jet Airways India Ltd., which last flew more than twoyears ago. The airlines landing slots at airports havebeen given to other carriers, andthe pandemic has ravaged the economics of aviation.All thisdrama to recoup5% of loanswhen creditors had only to oustNaresh Goyal,the founder of what was once Indias dominantairline, in time. They didnt.Even now, Vodafone Group Plcs India joint venture is struggling to stay afloatbecause of extractive government demands, but bankers arent doing much to protect their exposureto the debt-laden telecom operator.

Political constraints have never allowed Indias publicinstitutionsto save capitalism from powerful capitalists, something that a tough bankruptcy law was supposed to change. It hasnt.Soemployees and vendors suffer, asdotaxpayers who fillstate-run banks capital hole. For nine years, Punjab National Bank, the second-largest of them by assets, has only fleetinglytraded above its book value, a reflection of what investors makeof theasset quality of public-sectorlenders.

In hindsight, giving poorly governed state-runbanks the power over assets was a bad idea. A U.S.-styledebtor-in-possession bankruptcymay have been far more suitable to Indias on-the-ground reality. Abusingproductive capital to benefita small, politically connectedcapitalist class has exacerbatedunfairness, and loadedthe dice against workersin a labor-surplus country.

AsObservatoryGroup analyst Ananth Narayan notes, Indias employment-to-population ratio, which was a steady 55% in 2005, has fallen to 43%. Bangladesh and Vietnam have fared better. Not all of the blame for inhibited employment can be laid on the doorstop of a flawed bankruptcy law. By ignoring low-skill textile and shoe manufacturing and overemphasizing high-skillsoftware, India has scored an own goal.

Still, thelarge-scale gaming of insolvencyresolution hascost India. Even before the pandemic, the financial system was creaking, Now, its just being kept in a holding pattern. Banks have the assurance ofgovernment guarantees onloans to pandemic-hit small businesses. The interest they need to pay savers is also being kept artificially depressed by the central bank in the face of persistently stubborn inflation. Even then, 9.8% of their loan book could sour by March 2022, the central bank has warned. The plan now is to shift at least $11 billion in dud corporate loansfrom commercial lenders to a newly created bad bank.

A junkyard for firms that have very little salvageable capitalwont do much for newinvestments. Rehabilitating assets that still have some value will require an urgent fix to the law. A bankruptcy salon offering90% haircuts is a sad joke on on Indias taxpayers, savers and workers.

This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners.

To contact the author of this story:Andy Mukherjee at amukherjee@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story:Patrick McDowell at pmcdowell10@bloomberg.net

Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal.

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Hertz Exits Bankruptcy and Expects ‘Strong Financial Results’ in 2021 – Car and Driver

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The COVID-19 pandemic was not kind to car rental company Hertz, at least not at the beginning. When regular travel pretty much halted in the early part of 2020, Hertz filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. But as with so much during the pandemic, things evened out and then started to turn around for Hertz, and the company announced last week that it has emerged from bankruptcy as "a financially and operationally stronger company that is well positioned for the future."

As a customer loyalty move, Hertz said it will upgrade customers who join its rewards program, Hertz Gold Plus Rewards, to Five Star Elite through the end of 2021, and will offer double points on rentals by existing members through September 30.

The rebound was indeed dramatic, and the group of investors that ended up providing Hertz with $5.9 billion in capital was led by Knighthead Capital Management and Certares Management. Each of these investment firms will now get two representatives on the new Hertz board of directors, according to the Wall Street Journal, which also reported that one of the board's new independent directors is former Ford CEO Mark Fields.

The Journal called the bidding war for Hertz that played out this past May a "rarity in corporate Chapter 11 cases." In fact, the paper reported that in April, Hertz was telling its shareholders that they should expect to get nothing for their stock. But people were optimistic enough about Hertz not only to bring the company out of bankruptcy but to also drive the share price from under $2 during the pandemic to just under $9 this past week. Hertz shares, which trade on the over-the-counter market, were trading at over $15 before the pandemic, according to the New York Times. Hertz common stock started trading under a new ticker symbol, HTZZ, on July 1.

One reason Hertz managed this turnaround was the fact that it sold more than 200,000 of its 650,000 vehicles during the pandemic when demand for used cars was strong and Hertz wasn't earning money from at the time, since people, for the most part, stopped traveling.

"When the economy began to show signs of recovery earlier this year, we were perfectly positioned to drive a competitive process that would maximize recoveries," outgoing board chairperson Henry Keizer said in a statement. "The resultpaying our nearly $19 billion of creditors in full and returning substantial value to our shareholdersis remarkable."

Looking forward, the new Hertz will look a bit different than the old, bankrupt company. The new board chairman, Gregory O'Hara, told the Journal that new customer service models will be coming that eliminate the need for people to stand in line to get the keys to a rental car. He also said that Hertz will add more electric and alternative-fuel vehicles to its fleet. Hertz is now confident enough in the changes it has gone through, including reducing costs, negotiating cost concessions at some airport locations, and selling its Donlen fleet leasing business for $891 million in cash, mean Hertz is "on track for strong financial results in 2021."

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Consumer News: GM reports jump in car sales, Hertz emerges from bankruptcy and more! – Abccolumbia.com

Posted: at 5:31 am

CNN Many consumer are still buying cars, despite the global shortage of car computer chips. General Motors reported a 40% jump in sales in the second quarter, compared to last year. The company also showed a 7% increase, compared to the first quarter this year. Toyota sales were up a whopping 73% compared to a year ago, and 14% compared to the first quarter.

Hertz has emerged from bankruptcy just in time to benefit from the rebound in travel across the U.S. The car rental company announced its bankruptcy has officially ended after more than a year. Hertz filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2020, and sold more than 180,000 of its vehicles by the end of 2020, just as the prices of used cars climbed from a shortage of new cars.

Both the roads and the skies are expected to be busier than ever this Fourth of July. AAA says more than 635,000 South Carolinians are expected to travel for the holiday weekend. Thats up more than 35% from last year, amid the pandemic. Overall, more than 47 million Americans are expected to travel this Independence Day weekend.

ABC NEWS It is prime grilling season, especially heading into this holiday weekend. How do you know if your grill needs an upgrade? ABCs Dierdre Bolton has the details.

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A Lesson on the Flying Potato That Saved Ford From Bankruptcy in the 80s – autoevolution

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In todays automotive market, Ford Taurus is not your flashiest vehicle out there, but the history it carries with it is quite impressive. The Taurus car had a development budget of $3 billion and managed to save the company from bankruptcy in the early 80s.

The original Taurus family sedan was a godsend in 1980 when Ford had incurred $3 billion in losses and was desperate to climb back the stairs of success. In a final and desperate attempt to recover, Ford invested the equivalent of todays $7 billion in a new, revolutionary design that gave birth to the first generation of Taurus vehicles.

The design of the Taurus was so groundbreaking that the 1986 Ford Taurus was featured in every movie depicting the future.

The company had so little faith in its new endeavor that it even kept its LTD mid-size range in production, just in case their new plan failed. But it didnt. Not only that, but it even became the bestselling car in America back then.

However, the so-called jelly bean or flying potato car didnt come with the most performance-orientated features. Hence the Taurus SHO was developed, as the performance version of the Taurus, with a Yamaha-built V-6 engine, four overhead cams, and 24 valves. The SHO used a Mazda-sourced 5-speed manual and was the most powerful front-wheel-drive sedan in the world.

But the SHO didnt have the success of its predecessor, with the original Taurus selling in 400,000 units per year. The SHO didnt even manage to get close to the companys target of 20,000 cars sold annually. Well let you find out for yourself why, in Jason Cammisas Revelations video.

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A Lesson on the Flying Potato That Saved Ford From Bankruptcy in the 80s - autoevolution

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Gardens of the Cross Timbers: Goodbye Blackjack – Shawnee News Star

Posted: at 5:30 am

Becky Emerson Carlberg| Contributing writer

The sparse rains in mid-June invigorated the grass and brought out the mowers. My neighbor flew around on his machine at a breakneck rate, no doubt reaching speeds of at least 30 mph! He is darned sure to finish the job as quickly as possible. Then the last week of June arrived, with enough moisture to more than make up for any deficit. Even after four inches fell at my house, the puddles vanished with a day. The mowers impatiently waited to return to the yards. The edge of the field along the new road had filled in with sunflowers and Coreopsis. Considering extensive erosion has been occurring at many places after the native vegetation had been cleared, these stands of yellow flowers formed a thick corridor along a section of the road. It was a natural restoration in progress.

Ahh, but some people here apparently havent heard about the plight of the Monarch and other pollinators. Pollinator numbers are dropping all over the world. Their food and places to live are disappearing. Youd think with billions of people, many would be extremely aware and do what they could to help remedy the situation, since pollinators figure so prominently in our food production. One third of all our food comes from pollinators doing their job.

A friend in Cushing is very disturbed he has seen no pollinators in his yard or garden. People around Shawnee report less activity. Its happening. The Monarch? The stunning butterfly is experiencing a perilous existence both in our country and in Mexico. Teams of well-intentioned people plant trees, leave natural corridors, provide essential plants and water to help the threatened species.

The message hasnt permeated into the heads of some Oklahomans yet. I wish I didnt have to say this. A tractor just cut down every single flower in the pasture by the new road. Somehow managed to do it between rains. The time of the year these plants are the most vital to insects and other wildlife. Not even a narrow strip along the road was left. So thoughtless. The person might as well wear a T-shirt that says Kill all Monarchs.

My 100-year-old blackjack oak has given up the ghost. At one time its thick green shiny canopy spread wide in all directions since the oak had the area to itself. Leafless small dark woody branches hung below in typical blackjack oak style. The tree had a stark silhouette in the setting sun. In its shade the meadow voles tunneled through the sandy soil. The roadrunner made regular passes digging its zygodactyl feet (two toes in front and two toes behind as an X) in the cool earth under the branches. Cardinals, sparrows, blue jays and even a few indigo buntings flitted from branches and nests. Robins hunted for worms in turf at the edges of the shadows. Then came Tornado Bob in 2013. The roaring whirlwind ripped apart the stately tree. Ever since, the oak has hung on, each year leafing out where it could and attempting to produce more branches. This year leaves appeared, but the tree couldnt sustain them. The green leaves turned brown. Only the leafy wild grape vines give the appearance the tree is still with us. Lichens grow on the deep brown trunk. Possibly another victim of the severe February cold.

The tree will be left as a natural statue, a snag for woodpeckers searching for insects cavity-dwelling birds hunting for potential nest sites, wood-degrading fungi and other organisms whose purpose is to reduce deceased plants to base organic compounds over time. Going to miss that tree.

Indigo buntings are everywhere this year. Early spring the long-distance migrants leave Central America and fly at night until they reach the US where they spend summer. Cross Timbers is one place the buntings stay. The lengthy patch of woodlands and prairies extend from Kansas through central Oklahoma into north central Texas. Cross Timbers is a buffer zone between the forests of the east and the High Plains.

For centuries the main Cross Timbers trees, the blackjack oaks (Quercus marilandica) and their buddies, the post oaks (Quercus stellata), established themselves on upland sandstone areas. Redcedars grew in ravines and moist deep soils. Lucky for them, where the trees lived and their growth habits made harvest difficult. No tractors could penetrate the wild rough areas. The old growth forests team with 200- to 400-year-old oaks and even older redcedars. A living oak with multiple trunks means it was either cut or burned and has stump sprouted from roots as much as 1,000 years old. Some Pottawatomie County residents still remember large groves of mature oaks, but long ago were eliminated for development or pastureland. Sound familiar?

The infamous Washington Irving (1783-1859) of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow fame traveled through Cross Timbers in 1832 with a military expedition. The November first 1832 entry in his journal: a broken, hilly country covered with scrub oaks, with interlacing limbs as hard as iron and intersected by deep ravines of red clay, down which the horses fairly slide and scramble up the other side fairly as cats. Irving described the oaks in late fall as dried and brown in a miserable, dreary country with lower branches black and hard that would tear flesh from man and horse. The reason why he lovingly referred to Cross Timbers as The Cast Iron Forest.

On a happy note, the bee balms are in bloom. The stand of native minty Monarda fistulosa averages four feet in height and has been super appreciative of the rains. The flowers are mini-explosions of purple tubular flowers fanning out from green bases on tall stems. The bumble and other large-bodied bees have had a field day in the plot when it isnt raining. Bee Balm, also called Wild Bergamot, has strong antiseptic properties. The leaves, which contain intense fragrant oils, make a refreshing mint tea.

For to the bee a flower is a fountain of life,

And to the flower, a bee is a messenger of love. Kahlil Gibran

Becky Emerson Carlberg, graduate of Oklahoma State (Plant Pathology) is a teacher, artist, writer as well as certified Oklahoma Master Gardener and Master Naturalist. Contact her at Becscience@att.net.

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Gardens of the Cross Timbers: Goodbye Blackjack - Shawnee News Star

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