Daily Archives: May 22, 2021

Florida’s ‘red flag law’: How, or will, the recent SCOTUS decision affect it? | Opinion – Florida Today

Posted: May 22, 2021 at 10:19 am

Gary Beatty, Guest columnist Published 4:36 p.m. ET May 20, 2021

Floridas "red flag law"(RFL) was enacted in response to the Feb. 14, 2018, shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland. The purpose of the law is to disarm potentially dangerous individuals by empowering judges to order surrender of firearms from those with mental health issues.

A new United States Supreme Court case decided this past week impacts our law.

In a nutshell, the Supreme Court case involved police seizure of a firearm from a private residence after the mans wife told police he was acting erratically. The court unanimously held the seizure was illegal because it violated the Fourth Amendment.

In reaching that conclusion, the Court reaffirmed a long-standing principle that a private dwelling enjoys the very highest level of protection under the Fourth Amendment. So, the constitutional requirements to enter one must be strictly followed.

One of the justices wrote that the decision may apply to state red flag laws. Because the Florida Constitution expressly binds us to the Fourth Amendment as interpreted by the United States Supreme Court, the holding applies to our RFL.

Ariana Gonzalez weeps at a memorial to those killed in the Feb. 14, 2018, shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland. U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio first filed red flag legislation after the tragedy.(Photo: FILE PHOTO)

Under our RFL a judge can issue an order to a person to surrender their firearms, and if necessary, to issue a separate warrant to seize firearms from within that persons residence. The statute requires only reasonable cause to issue an order to surrender firearms but requires probable cause to issue a seizure warrant. The difference is not semantic. Probable cause is a higher legal standard than reasonable cause.

Probable cause is the Fourth Amendment standard required to issue a search warrant for a residence. The current probable cause requirements for a residence search and seizure warrant in Florida have been established by our Supreme Court in accordance with the United States Supreme Court Fourth Amendment standards. Ive taught those standards for over 25 years.

Hear the statement: Indy FOP President Rick Snyder says Marion County Prosecutor "failed to do his part" with red flag law in regards to FedEx shooter Indianapolis Star

Probable cause can be established in a variety of ways. Because RFL situations will often come to the attention of a judge through information provided by a family member, I will limit this discourse to probable cause based on information provided by what the law generally refers to as an informant. The fact that a police officer brings the information received from the family member to the judge does not change that the source of the information is a family member informant.

The requirements for using information received from an informant to support probable cause to issue a warrant to enter a private home are very specific. That information must either be independently corroborated by law enforcement, or the informant him/herself must be documented by law enforcement as reliable.

Gary Beatty(Photo: FLORIDA TODAY files)

To be documented as reliable the informant must have previously provided law enforcement with verifiably true information. Under that standard a first-time reporting family member does not meet the legal standard of being a documented reliable informant, so any information from that family member informant must be independently verified by law enforcement to be used to establish probable cause.

There is, however, one category of informant considered reliable without requiring corroboration or documentation of having previously provided verifiable information. The concerned citizen informant.A concerned citizen informant is someone who has no motivation to fabricate the information they provide. That could be a family member.

But among those whose status as a citizen informant is viewed skeptically are family members who potentially have an axto grind. An estranged spouse, for instance. Given the frequency of lying under oath in divorce and child custody proceedings there is reason to suspect it will occur in the context of the RFL.

So, a request for a RFL based on information provided by an estranged spouse without corroboration, may meet the lower reasonable cause standard to issue an order to surrender firearms. The RFL expressly provides a procedure for that order to be challenged in Court, so any error in issuing it can be quickly remedied.

But first-time uncorroborated information from an estranged spouse does not satisfy the higher probable cause standard necessary to issue a warrant to enter a dwelling. Considering the potentially irremediable consequences to law enforcement officers, and civilians, inherent in executing a seizure warrant in a private home of an armed individual, the higher standard is critical.

The theory underlying our RFL is sound. But as withall laws, the devil is in the details. Judges must balance public safety with protecting the Second and Fourth Amendment rights of individuals from vindictive, false accusations. The new Supreme Court case provides guidance in reaching that balance by simply requiring adherence to existing Fourth Amendment standards.

Gary Beatty lives in Sharpes andis retired from 30 years as an assistant state attorney in Brevard County. He has a doctorate in law andiscertified in criminal trial law by the Florida Bar.

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Pro-choice group weighs in on Texas new abortion laws – KGBT-TV

Posted: at 10:19 am

HARLINGEN, Texas (KVEO) Governor Greg Abbott signed into law one of the strictest limits on abortion in the whole country on May 19.

The new Texas law, which goes into effect on September 1, would ban abortions once a fetal heartbeat is detected, which is usually around six weeks. That is typically before women even know theyre pregnant.

Zaena Zamora, Executive Director of the Frontera Fund, says similar six-week abortion bans have been tried before.

Other states have tried to pass similar six-week bans, and theyve all been struck down by the lower courts because the six weeks ban is unconstitutional, said Zamora.

Legal experts say the precedent for abortion has already been set with Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey.

Zamora said that this case would almost assuredly be challenged in court as well.

Rick Barrera, an attorney in Harlingen, said that legal scholars tend to uphold precedent in cases like these.

You have that religious and freedom of expression to stand up to a government situation, that same thing has weight and balance with the fourth amendment of your own personal privacy, said Barrera.

The Texas Right to Life applauded the move by Governor Abbott but said a constitutional amendment may be necessary to make the decision permanent.

The new law wont go into effect for a few months, and pro-choice groups wont let up their fight in the interim.

Frontera fund and our sibling funds, the other funds in Texas, were going to continue fighting for abortion access in the state, and were not going to stop doing what were doing, said Zamora.

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What is The 10th Amendment?… – The Sun (US)

Posted: at 10:19 am

THE TENTH Amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified on December 15, 1791.

The amendment is part of the Bill of Rights which is the first 10 Amendments of the Constitution.

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The 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution reads, in full, "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

Some amendments, like the First Amendment or the Fourth Amendment, are very straightforward in what rights they guarantee to their citizens.

But other amendments, like the Second Amendment and the Third Amendment, are open to interpretation.

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The 10th Amendment explicitly states that the federal government's powers are limited strictly to what's stated in the Constitution.

And this was upheld by the Supreme Court in the Sprague case.

In this 1931 case, the defendants were trying to get out of being charged under the National Prohibition Act.

They argued that because the 18th Amendment hadn't been ratified in their state, the government was violating the 10th Amendment by indicting them.

"Constitutionalists" argue, however, that the 10th Amendment ensures that state's rights and power to the people is tantamount to everything else.

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But others argue that the 10th Amendment merely shows that there are limits on the federal government's powers, especially in cases where the government can be seen as "overstepping its boundaries."

President Joe Biden put the 10th Amendment back in the news with his American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

In March 2021, states were told that they cannot use pandemic funds to lower taxes.

They were told this as part of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

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In response to this mandate, 16 states filed a lawsuit challenging that restriction as unconstitutional.

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States like Ohio, Arizona, Missouri and Alabama are currently in federal court stating that the Biden administration overstepped their bounds and violated the 10th Amendment by telling them what they can and can't do with their money.

But there is some debate as to whether the Act actually tells the states what to do as a matter of law.

And if it's proven that the Act does not violate states' rights, there is no violation of the 10th Amendment.

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What Will Psychedelics Mean for the Future of Medicine? – D Healthcare Daily

Posted: at 10:18 am

Last November, Oregon became the first state to legalize psilocybin for therapeutic use. Psilocybin mushrooms, also known as magic mushrooms, are in a pilot program in Oregon where they can be used to treat depression, addiction, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. Though Texas is still in theprocess of expandingthe diagnoses that can be treated with medicinal marijuana, experts think psychedelics could follow the same pattern that marijuana cleared over the past couple of decades.

Research has shown promising results for psilocybin mushrooms, which grow in meadows and woods worldwide, in treating PTSD and depression. In May 2019, Denver became the first city to decriminalize the substance and was followed by Oakland, California, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and elsewhere. The substance was made illegal through federal law in 1970, but in 2000, Johns Hopkins was grantedaccessto study its use in treating addiction, depression, and PTSD.

Momentum is building behind the decriminalization and eventual legalization of psychedelics. Canada has also made psilocybinavailableto those with mental health issues, and psychedelics have even received theattentionofShark Tankco-host Kevin OLeary, chairman of OShares ETFs. Publicly traded companies are raising billions of dollars in the space. Wall Street estimates put the number of potential patients in the U.S. at two to four million people with annual sales from $1 to $5 billion.

Calum Hughes (Courtesy: Allied Corp.)

Investment excitement aside, broader use of psychedelics will necessitate a change in public opinion as well. Those in the space are focused on shifting the image of psychedelics from one of young people losing their mind in the streets tripping on magic mushrooms. This is a micro-dose of psilocybin that has enough therapeutic effect in the human neurons to impact adrenaline which causes anxiety, says Calum Hughes, CEO and Founder of Allied Corp., a Canadian-based health and technology company that operates in the psilocybin and marijuana markets. The product is not a magic mushroom, but is a highly complex medically researched molecule that does something very specific in the human brain.

The pandemic has meant an increase in mental health issues in an already overwhelmed industry, and these medicines may be able to impact ways that traditional drugs havent. Given COVID-19, the amount of people recovering from, experiencing, or witnessing trauma, anxiety, or social isolation is going to be even more prevalent, Hughes says. Youre talking millions and millions of people globally who are suffering from these conditions. There are a lot of antidepressant medications that are global, multibillion-dollar products. Were finding results as good or better than these products in our preliminary research. So, to say that were excited is an understatement.

Dallas may be years behind the likes of Oregon and Canada when it comes to legalizing medicinal psilocybin, but there are local efforts to decriminalize the drug in the works.Attorney and former City Council member Philip Kingston has been working in Dallas with a national group called Decriminalize Nature, whose mission is To improve human health and well-being by decriminalizing and expanding access to entheogenic plants and fungi through political and community organizing, education, and advocacy. He is helping the organization get psilocybin to be treated like marijuana in Dallas by decriminalizing small amounts of the drug.

Two years ago, Dallas County District Attorney announced he would stop prosecuting marijuana possession charges. Still, it was only this year when new police chief Eddie Garciasaidhis officers would stop charging residents with less than two ounces of marijuana. Those under four ounces will receive a ticket but not be arrested. The district attorneys office has not prosecuted 3,161 cases from January 2019 through June 2020.

Part of the advocacy for the decriminalization of psychedelics is to demonstrate the drugs medical benefits, Kingston says. This idea of decriminalization, or even legalization, came in large part because of the amazing success of substances like these on PTSD, which is an incredibly difficult syndrome to treat for the medical profession. It looks like hallucinogens might be a real breakthrough.

He is hopeful that local efforts can make progress where the state legislature has not. Nobody can stop cities from making it a policy that their officers do not arrest for these kinds of offenses, Kingston says. And nobody can make the district attorney prosecute. Thats the local breakthrough that weve achieved on this specific topic in the naturally occurring hallucinogens.

When the new council is installed later this summer after the remaining runoffs, Kingston says Decriminalize Nature will step up its advocacy efforts to decriminalize hallucinogens, which is often a step toward medicinal or full legalization. Understanding that there is no serious risk of harm from using these drugs and that there are potential medical benefits from it is the main hurdle to getting movement on it, Kingston says. Weve been encouraged that Chief Garcia has said that the focus of his department is going to be on preventing and punishing crimes that endanger Dallasites, and drug possession doesnt fall into that category.

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Tryp Therapeutics Inc. (CSE: TRYP) (OTCQB: TRYPF) Brings Best-in-Class Team to Psychedelics Development – BioSpace

Posted: at 10:18 am

NEW YORK, May 21, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NetworkNewsAudio Tryp Therapeutics Inc. (CSE: TRYP) (OTCQB: TRYPF) announces the availability of a broadcast titled, Wall Street Unicorns in Process of Changing the Healthcare Landscape.

To hear the AudioPressRelease, please visit: The NetworkNewsAudio News Podcast

To view the full editorial, please visit:https://nnw.fm/QOAcO

Most people may not recognize some of the medical terms for psychedelics, but nearly all know their street names, including magic mushrooms, ecstasy, Molly and LSD. Over decades, people have been conditioned to the stigma of these illicit substances, instigated and promoted by the Controlled Substances Act. However, the negative stigma is being lifted and being replaced by a growing body of scientific clinical evidence that strongly suggests psychedelics may well become one of the greatest advancements in mental health and neuropsychiatric disease in decades. . . .

Tryp Therapeutics Inc. (CSE: TRYP) (OTCQB: TRYPF) offers a best-in-class, drug development team capable of taking compounds from early stage and advancing them through the rigors of clinical development to commercialization. This team of executives and advisors cannot go understated as its made up of deep experience and key leadership positions throughout, including large pharma, emerging pharma, drug approvals, psychedelics and capital markets.

About Tryp Therapeutics Inc.

Tryp Therapeutics is a pharmaceutical company focused on developing compounds with known activity and safety profiles for the treatment of rare and other diseases with unmet medical needs. Tryps psilocybin-for-neuropsychiatric disorders, or PFN(TM) (PFN), program is focused on the development of synthetic psilocybin as a new class of drug for the treatment of certain neuropsychiatric-based disorders. Tryps lead PFN drug candidate is TRP-8802 for the treatment of fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome estimated to affect more than five million people in the United States. The company is also preparing to initiate a phase 2a clinical study for eating disorders in partnership with the Dr. Jennifer Miller at the University of Florida. In addition to its PFN program, Tryp is developing TRP-1001, an oral formulation of razoxane for the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma. Soft-tissue sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of tumors that account for about 1% of all cancers in adults and 7% in children. Based on the prevalence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the United States, Tryp believes it is a rare disease and that TRP-1001 should qualify for orphan drug status.

For more information about the company, please visitwww.TrypTherapeutics.com.

NOTE TO INVESTORS:The latest news and updates relating to TRYP are available in the companys newsroom athttps://ibn.fm/TRYPF.

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Kristen Bell Reveals She Tried Psychedelic Mushrooms To Treat Her Depression – ETCanada.com

Posted: at 10:18 am

By Brent Furdyk.18 May 2021 6:54 PM

Kristen Bell is revealing shes begun experimenting with psychedelics as a way to treat the depression and anxiety that have plagued her for decades.

Appearing on the Hypochondriactor podcast, hosted by Will & Grace star Sean Hayes and Dr. Priyanka Wali, Bell explained that she decided to take this new approach to managing her mental health after reading Michael Pollans book How to Change Your Mind.

He really goes into detail about this underground academic community that has continued to study the effects of LSD and psilocybin on what they call healthy normal, said Bell. There are aspects to those two particular drugs that the places you can go in your brain are much deeper and more healing than anything else.

RELATED: Dax Shepard Honours Kristen Bell On Mothers Day With Nude Photo: We Are So Grateful

As a result, she explained, she became really interested in doing mushrooms in order to feel what kind of doors open, have a trip that was my own.

According to Bell, husband Jax Shepard was on hand to oversee, but not participate.

I am very lucky to be married to an ex-drug addict, she joked. Not only did he know where to get the mushrooms he got that really nice, quality, organic, set and setting, beautiful mushroom. And then he babysat me.

Bell said she took her trip on her last birthday. I said, I really would like to experience this. And I dont want to, Im not going to party with it, but I want to know what this feels like. And I want to talk while Im doing it, and I want you to talk to me. And he took me on a walk around the neighbourhood and it was so lovely.

RELATED: Kristen Bell Says Shes Turned On By Dax Shepards Sense Of Humour: The Stupid S**t He Does Just By Being Himself Is So Attractive To Me

One effect the mushrooms had, she revealed, was to make her so enamoured with her own body.

I had gone to the bathroom, I went to pee and I came downstairs wide-eyed and I said, Dax, I had to pee. I felt the sensation of having to pee and all of a sudden this beautiful lady and I was pointing to my legs picked me up. She walked me down the hallway. She sat me down on the toilet. She rolled a little roll of toilet paper for me and just put it on my lap till I was done peeing. Then she wiped me. Then she flushed the toilet and now Im back out here,' she recalled.

But in my head, I had separated this body that had done so much good in my life, that has taken me through happiness and pain and workouts and laziness that I was just like, couldnt stop touching my legs going, Youre so strong. Youre so elegant.

The entire podcast episode can be heard below.

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Psychedelic Medicine Read All About It on Psychable – Influencive

Posted: at 10:18 am

Psychedelics have been used for healing purposes for thousands of years, but popular culture is only beginning to understand just how powerful and multifaceted these substances are. This article will explore the past and present of psychedelic medicine, as well as introduce you to Psychable an online resource aimed at helping people find professionals who can support them on their journey with psychedelics.

What is Psychedelic Medicine?

Psychedelic medicine is an emergent field that utilizes naturally occurring or synthetic psychedelic substances as tools for healing and self-improvement.

The Controlled Substances Act prohibited psychedelic use in 1971, crucially limiting research efforts and driving many psychedelic therapists underground or abroad to locations with less stringent laws. However, in the last decade, partly due to tireless advocacy on the part of organizations such as the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), research into psychedelics is seeing a revival.

A limited but promising body of clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of psychedelic substances such as psilocybin, LSD, ketamine, ayahuasca, and MDMA shows that they may be able to treat various psychological and physical disorders. At higher doses, psychedelics such as LSD may increase neuroplasticity, the ability of our brains to change and adapt.

One survey study even found that psychedelic use is linked to better physical health. Current research supports the idea that psychedelic substances could have powerful healing potential for a variety of conditions, such as PTSD, major depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder.

The potential for psychedelic medicine to successfully treat these disorders is exciting, as many of these conditions are often resistant to conventional treatment, says Jemie Sae Koo, Psychable CEO and Co-Founder.

However, more research is needed in order to determine how to optimize outcomes for patients and what psychedelic therapy protocols are best indicated for specific conditions. Researchers are also investigating psychedelics for applications such as coping with racial trauma, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and even reducing recidivism.

Additionally, psychedelics can help people to expand their minds in fascinating ways. Many professionals, especially from the tech and business world, report microdosing LSD to solve problems, enhance creativity and improve performance. Some microdosing research suggests that subjective benefits of microdosing may only be the placebo effect rather than the efficacy of the drug explicitly.

Although researchers are cautiously optimistic about psychedelics for mental health conditions, there is not enough clinical evidence to prove that psychedelics can address the problems of the modern world.

Keeping Up with the Current Research and Trends in Psychedelic Medicine

Psychedelics are not a panacea, explains Matt Zemon, Psychable Chief Strategy Officer and Co-Founder. Some people try to fit psychedelic medicine into their existing concept of medicine, typically the western medical paradigm that rests heavily on the use of pharmaceutical interventions or surgical procedures. This may lead to the misunderstanding that psychedelics are potential instant cures for diagnoses. Psychedelics are tools; just like a knife that can be used in service of help or harm.

This oversimplification of psychedelic medicine is one example of the shadow side of psychedelics, a phenomenon receiving more attention recently as global interest and demand increase. Other related issues include accessibility, the overharvesting, and endangerment of peyote and iboga, the complexities of decriminalization efforts, the potential pitfalls of mainstreaming psychedelics, ethical and legal issues, spiritual bypassing, sexual misconduct in psychedelic therapy and psychedelic spaces, and more.

Psychable can help you get informed about everything in the world of psychedelic medicine. They envision a world where the safe, legal and ethical use of psychedelics has transformed global mental health, allowing more people to heal, transform and access their true potential. Psychables mission is to empower individuals seeking the healing properties of psychedelics with practitioners, knowledge, and a safe community that legally supports them.

As the legal landscape continues to shift, Psychable aims to simplify the process of finding experienced professionals who offer legal healing modalities and pre-and post-psychedelic experience support.

Psychable is for service-seekers and practitioners, as well those who are new to learning about psychedelic-assisted therapy. Browse their collection of evidence-based articles, participate in their engaged and passionate online forum, and check out the professional directory powered by ratings and reviews.

Published May 15th, 2021

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Canada’s Psychedelic Future: a guide to the evolving legal and regulatory landscape and what’s next – Lexpert

Posted: at 10:17 am

What factors should businesses account for when investing in the production, provision or sale of psychedelics or related services? What are the risks and potential benefits of entering this area now?

In addition to the start-up risks facing psychedelics companies as early-stage pre-revenue companies or as companies with modest revenues, since psychedelics are, and are likely to remain, highly regulated substances, certainty in the application and design of legal and regulatory regimes in which the business operates should be at the forefront of considerations of businesses in the psychedelics industry. This may not be true for all of the activities of a psychedelics business, but in our view should be for a majority of the operations of those businesses. For example, jurisdictions that have legal and regulatory regimes that are in constant flux or that have inequitable or unpredictable results limit the ability of psychedelics companies to, among other things, operate effectively, gain investor confidence, access capital and banking, develop products or deliver services in a timely and cost-effective manner.

In addition, one of the key risks facing many psychedelics is the risk of getting lost in the crowd. In the past 12 months a significant number of psychedelics companies have completed go public transactions and raised capital. Many more have raised substantial amounts of capital and have grown to a significant size, but remain private. Many of these existing companies have similar business plans so a company finding its niche in the market has become that much more challenging. That being said, the psychedelics industry is experiencing a renaissance in the investment community, the medical or health and wellness community and the general public, with substantial areas of opportunity for enterprising psychedelics companies that want to make a meaningful difference through the advancement of ground-breaking therapies.

How would you advise clients in this area to limit their exposure to liability and potential litigation? Do clients in the psychedelics space require protection against multiple types of liability?

In addition to ordinary course business risks, psychedelics companies face risks associated with operating in a nascent, rapidly evolving, yet highly regulated industry. In our experience, these factors, and others, require companies in the psychedelics industry to professionalize their management teams and establish sophisticated processes and views on risk at a much earlier stage that companies operating in other industries. By taking these actions at an earlier stage, psychedelics companies can formulate strategies to identify, weigh and manage risk, to make informed decisions on risk versus reward for the opportunities they consider. As the psychedelics industry continues to develop so does the insurance industry supporting these companies, with an increasing range of insurance products becoming rapidly becoming available.

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Using Nanotechnology to Address the Limitations of Hydrogen Production – AZoNano

Posted: at 10:16 am

Image Credit:Panchenko Vladimir/Shutterstock.com

A clean hydrogen economy could be the answer to transitioning out of fossil fuel use. Being the most abundant element on the Earth and making up more than 90% of all known matter, it can be seen as the most feasible renewable resource available.

With its non-toxic characteristics, it has become an alternative fuel globally; NASA has used hydrogen to power space programs since 1958 and car manufacturers such as Toyota and Honda have also taken an interest in this resource to fuel vehicles.

However, the transition into the use of hydrogen has also brought a few challenges to light, with the use of electrolysis to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen having limitations for mass use.

This article will explore the method of hydrogen production and its limitations as well as the role nanotechnology can play in resolving this.

As a clean and more sustainable resource, water electrolysis could be an alternative to fossil fuels. Electrolysis is the process of using an electrical current to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. It involves two half-cell reactions, which include a hydrogen evolution reaction and an oxygen evolution reaction.

Similar to any other chemical reaction, energy is required to overcome the barrier in electrochemical processes to produce hydrogen from water, known as the overpotential.

Both these half-cell reactions require suitable catalysts to minimize this overpotential for effective hydrogen and oxygen production and platinum-group metal-based catalysts, as well as their derivatives, are known to be the most efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions. However, this metal group is rare and expensive which restricts the mass use of these metals to produce hydrogen to meet global demand.

The process of using electricity to break water into hydrogen and oxygen was first discovered in 1800, by two British researchers who had the realization that Alessandro Voltas novel invention of the voltaic pile battery could be used for this reaction.

This reaction being produced on a larger scale can provide a very real possibility of powering a more green economy as an alternative clean fuel for long-term energy storage and heavy-duty transportation.

However, at this current state, more than 95% of hydrogen production is derived from natural gases through reactions that also produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. This would further the negative impact that carbon dioxide has as a greenhouse gas on the planet.

The mass production of electrolysis would utilize precious metals that are rare and expensive, which creates a challenge for scientists to find a less expensive and more sustainable source of metals to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

Tyler Mefford, a scientist working with Stanford and the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES) at SLAC who led related research, has commented that there arent enough precious metals in the world to power this reaction at the scale we need, and their cost is so high that the hydrogen they generate could never compete with hydrogen derived from fossil fuels.

The lack of efficiency and sustainability of this process illustrates the requirement in better understanding the workings of water-splitting catalysts in order for the process to be effectively improved. However, the techniques to observe this process have fallen short due to the liquid environment of using an electrocatalytic reactor.

With the advancement of the field of nanotechnology, this problem can now be addressed effectively. Around 10 years ago, a research group led by Patrick Unwin in the University of Warwick invented a new technique that puts a miniature electrochemical cell inside a nanoscale droplet that works at the tip of a pipette tube.

The function of the droplet consists of imaging the topography of a surface it is in contact with, as well as the ionic and electronic currents, with very high resolution.

This invention is approximately a decade old and would not work for the purposes of catalyst investigation, and so Unwins research team has been able to adapt this miniature device for use in a chemical environment. The adaption of this device enabled the researchers to move the device across the surface of a single catalyst particle during the reaction; this assisted them to zoom in to study extremely small regions of reactivity, allowing the study of oxygen generation at a scale more than one hundred million times smaller than typical techniques," said postdoctoral researcher, Minkyung Kang.

Another discovery that was made during this research was that the reaction was being affected by the edges of the catalyst at a higher rate, denoting the significance of having sharp, thin features on catalysts.

The significance of the characterization that was enabled by the novel device is the advancement of how catalysts would work to accelerate the split of water electrolysis. Water electrolysis by renewable resource-derived electricity would be a sustainable path to a greener economy.

The search for new electrocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction materials is being carried out using advanced nanomaterials. This approach would utilize more available and cheaper nanoparticles, with a focus on non-platinum electrocatalysts based on transition metals, metal alloys, transition metal oxides, carbides, metal-free composite catalysts and more.

The field of nanotechnology is integral for the advancement of a more green economy with the characterization of novel catalysts which will ensure the quality of the catalyst is quantifiable as well as the use of nanomaterials as catalysts. Both these developments could help shape the way hydrogen can be sourced in a more renewable fashion for mass use to meet the global demand.

ScienceDaily. 2021.First nanoscale look at a reaction that limits the efficiency of generating hydrogen fuel. [online] Available at: <https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/05/210506105454.htm> [Accessed 18 May 2021].

Zhu, J., Hu, L., Zhao, P., Lee, L. and Wong, K., 2019. Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Nanoparticles.Chemical Reviews, 120(2), pp.851-918.

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

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Global Nanobiotechnologies Markets Report 2021: Comprehensive and Thorough Review of the Current Status of Nanobiotechnology, Research Work in…

Posted: at 10:16 am

DUBLIN, May 21, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Nanobiotechnologies - Applications, Markets & Companies" report from Jain PharmaBiotech has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare.

The report starts with an introduction to various techniques and materials that are relevant to nanobiotechnology. It includes some of the physical forms of energy such as nanolasers. Some of the technologies are scaling down such as microfluidics to nanofluidic biochips and others are constructions from bottom up. Application in life sciences research, particularly at the cell level sets the stage for the role of nanobiotechnology in healthcare in subsequent chapters.

Some of the earliest applications are in molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles, particularly quantum dots, are playing important roles. In-vitro diagnostics, does not have any of the safety concerns associated with the fate of nanoparticles introduced into the human body. Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of DNA are feasible. Various nanodiagnostics that have been reviewed will improve the sensitivity and extend the present limits of molecular diagnostics.

An increasing use of nanobiotechnology by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. Nanotechnology will be applied at all stages of drug development - from formulations for optimal delivery to diagnostic applications in clinical trials. Many of the assays based on nanobiotechnology will enable high-throughput screening. Some of nanostructures such as fullerenes are themselves, drug candidates, as they allow precise grafting of active chemical groups in three-dimensional orientations.

The most important pharmaceutical applications are in drug delivery. Apart from offering a solution to solubility problems, nanobiotechnology provides and intracellular delivery possibilities. Skin penetration is improved in transdermal drug delivery. A particularly effective application is as nonviral gene therapy vectors. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide controlled release devices with autonomous operation guided by the needs.

Nanomedicine is now within the realm of reality starting with nanodiagnostics and drug delivery facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Miniature devices such as nanorobots could carry out integrated diagnosis and therapy by refined and minimally invasive procedures, nanosurgery, as an alternative to crude surgery. Applications of nanobiotechnology are described according to various therapeutic systems. Nanotechnology will markedly improve the implants and tissue engineering approaches as well.

Of the over 1,000 clinical trials of nanomedicines, approximately 100 are selected and tabulated in major therapeutic areas. Other applications such as for management of biological warfare injuries and poisoning are included. Contribution of nanobiotechnology to nutrition and public health such as the supply of purified water are also included.

There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticles introduced in the human body and released into the environment. Research is underway to address these issues. As yet there are no FDA directives to regulate nanobiotechnology but as products are ready to enter the market, these are expected to be in place.

Future nanobiotechnology markets are calculated on the basis of the background markets in the areas of application and the share of this market by new technologies and state of development at any given year in the future. This is based on a comprehensive and thorough review of the current status of nanobiotechnology, research work in progress and anticipated progress.

There is a definite indication of large growth of the market but it will be uneven and cannot be plotted as a steady growth curve. Marketing estimates are given according to areas of application, technologies and geographical distribution starting with 2020. The largest expansion is expected between the years 2024 and 2030.

Profiles of 252 companies, out of over 500 involved in this area, are included in the last chapter along with their 185 collaborations. The report is supplemented with 51 Tables, 32 figures and 800 references to the literature.

The report contains information on the following:

Key Topics Covered:

Part One: Applications & Markets

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

2. Nanotechnologies

3. Nanotechnologies for Basic Research Relevant to Medicine

4. Nanomolecular Diagnostics

5. Nanopharmaceuticals

6. Role of Nanotechnology in Biological Therapies

7. Nanodevices & Techniques for Clinical Applications

8. Nanooncology

9. Nanoneurology

10. Nanocardiology

11. Nanopulmonology

12. Nanoorthopedics

13. Nanoophthalmology

14. Nanomicrobiology

15. Miscellaneous Healthcare Applications of Nanobiotechnology

16. Nanobiotechnology and Personalized Medicine

17. Nanotoxicology

18. Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Nanomedicine

19. Research and Future of Nanomedicine

20. Nanobiotechnology Markets

21. References

Part Two: Companies

22. Nanobiotech Companies

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/wk4qzo

Media Contact:

Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [emailprotected]

For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

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SOURCE Research and Markets

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