Daily Archives: May 3, 2021

When the brand new vessel joining the Disney Cruise Line fleet, Disney Wish, sets sail in summer 2022, families of all ages will discover a mesmerizing new world created especially for them. Onboard, guests will find a celebration of Disneys rich legacy of enchanting storytelling including the ever-expanding Marvel Universe!

Along with classic Disney, Pixar and Star Wars characters, Marvel Super Heroes will also find their way onto the ship in new, exciting ways creating a unique experience for guests aboard. Whether youre looking to dine alongside the Avengers or suit up for the next adventure, there will be something for everyone, and every Marvel fan, on the Disney Wish. You never know who youll bump into, or what you might be recruited to do!

The Disney Wish will debut brand-new family restaurants, including Worlds of Marvel, the first-ever Marvel cinematic dining adventure. Guests will play an interactive role in an action-packed Avengers mission that unfolds around them, complete with a worldly menu inspired by the Marvel Cinematic Universe. At Worlds of Marvel, families will find dishes inspired by locations like Wakanda, Sokovia, and New York City while dining in the midst of an immersive Avengers technology showcase.

Outfitted with state-of-the-art Pym Tech and decked out in signature Stark-itecture style, the venue will offer surprises in all shapes and sizes. Additionally, be on the lookout for fan-favorite Avengers and an infamous foe.

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Super Heroes Take to the High Seas on New Disney Cruise Line Ship - Marvel Entertainment

Weather inshore until 6pm on Monday will be hazy and partly cloudy to cloudy with chances of scattered rain that can become thundery at places at times, the Department of Meteorology said in its daily weather report. The Met Dept warned also of sudden strong winds with thundershowers. Offshore, it will be hazy and cloudy to partly cloudy with chance of scattered rain that can be thundery at times, the report added, warning of expected thundery rain associated with strong winds and high sea.Wind inshore will be southeasterly to northeasterly 08 to 18 knot reaches to 30 knot with thundery rain.Offshore, it will be mainly southeasterly to northeasterly 08 to 18 knot gusting to 30 knot at places with thundery rain.Visibility will be 4 to 8/3 kilometers or less at times.Sea state inshore will be 2 to 3 feet, rises to 5 feet with thundery rain, while offshore it will be 3 to 5 feet, rises to 9 feet at places with thundery rain.

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Met warns of thundery rain, strong winds and high seas - Gulf Times

Russia recently announced that it was closing off portions of the Black Sea off the Crimean Peninsula and near the Kerch Strait to foreign warships and other state vessels from April 24 to Oct. 31. The announcement was immediately condemned by both Kyiv and Washington. U.S. State Department spokesperson Ned Price expressed deep concern over Moscows declaration, denouncing the move as another unprovoked escalation in Russias ongoing efforts to undermine and destabilize Ukraine. The closures come at a time when Russia is significantly building up its forces in Crimea and around the Ukrainian border on a scale not seen since it invaded Crimea in 2014, although there are reports that the Kremlin has ordered the withdrawal of some of its troops from the border.

Closure Areas in the Black Sea

All ships, including warships and other state vessels, enjoy a right of innocent passage through foreign territorial seas under Article 17 of the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). A passage is innocent if it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state. A passage is considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state if a ship engages in one of the activities listed in Article 19, such as intelligence collection and weapons exercises.

The coastal state may adopt laws and regulations relating to innocent passage, which conform to international law, for the reasons specified in Article 21, but, under Article 24, these laws and regulations cannot hamper, deny or impair the right of innocent passage. Under Article 25, the coastal state may, however, take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage that is not innocent. In addition, Article 25 allows the coastal state, without discrimination in form or fact among foreign ships, to suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. The suspension will take effect only after it has been duly published.

The authority of the coastal state to suspend innocent passage, however, is not unlimited. On April 24, Russia announced that it was closing off portions of the Black Sea to foreign warships and other state vessels 24/7 for a period of six months. Russias announced closure is problematic for several reasons. First, under UNCLOS, the suspension of innocent passage must be temporary. The combination of a closure that extends 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for six months is not considered temporary. Second, the suspension cannot discriminate in form or fact among foreign ships. Russias declaration applies only to warships and other state vessels and therefore discriminates in fact among types of foreign ships. Third, the suspension of innocent passage must be essential for the security of the coastal state. Russia has not publicly indicated why it is closing off portions of the Black Sea. In short, Russias purported suspension of passage to foreign warships and other state vessels operating off the coast of Crimea appears inconsistent with international law.

To the extent that the closure area extends beyond the 12 nautical mile boundary of its territorial sea, the Worldwide Navigational Warning Service states that Russia may establish temporary warning areas only to advise ships and aircraft that it is conducting activities beyond its territorial sea that may pose a hazard to navigation and overflight. Such warning areas are not exclusion zones. Ships and aircraft retain the right to transit through these zones recognizing that there is an increased risk in doing so. Beyond the territorial sea, under UNCLOS Article 89, no state may subject any part of the high seas, including the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), to its sovereignty. Seaward of the territorial sea, all ships and aircraft enjoy high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight and other internationally lawful uses of the seas related to these freedoms, including military activities. To the extent the Russian closure area purports to close portions of the Black Sea that are beyond the 12 nautical mile boundary, it is inconsistent with international law.

Kerch Strait

The current Russian Notice to Mariners blocks access to the Kerch Strait, which connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. This closure violates the 2003 bilateral agreement between Russia and Ukraine, which recognizes the importance of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait to the economic development of both Ukraine and Russia. The treaty notes that all disputes concerning the Azov-Kerch area of water should be resolved peacefully. Article 2 of the agreement acknowledges that the Sea of Azov features both Russian and Ukrainian ports and recognizes that Russian and Ukrainian flagged ships enjoy freedom of navigation through the Kerch Strait and within the Sea of Azov. It also recognizes freedom of navigation for foreign flagged commercial ships transiting the strait to or from a Russian or Ukrainian port within the Sea of Azov, as well as for foreign flagged warships transiting to such a port with the permission of either Russia or Ukraine. Russias unilateral and abrupt closure of the Kerch Strait blocks Ukraines access to two of its strategic ports in the Sea of Azov, without consultation with Ukraine, in violation of Russias obligations under the bilateral agreement.

Although the status of the Kerch Strait is unsettled, we suggest Russias closure of the strait violates Article 38 of UNCLOS because the Kerch Strait is considered a strait used for international navigation under Article 37. The strait is completely overlapped by the territorial seas of Ukraine and Russia and connects two areas of EEZs in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. It is also used extensively by ships engaged in international trade, logging nearly 19,500 transits in 2017. The waterway, therefore, meets both the geographic and functional criteria of an international strait where the right of transit passage applies. Article 44 stipulates that coastal states may not suspend transit passage. Thus, Russias closure of the strait and access to the Sea of Azov is in contravention of UNCLOS if the Kerch Strait is governed by the transit passage regime. Two of the principal users of the straitUkraine and members of the European Unionagree that the right of transit passage applies in the Kerch Strait.

Kerch Strait passage is further complicated by Russias illegal construction of the Kerch Bridge in 2018 across the strait, which connects mainland Russia and the Crimean Peninsula. The bridges span limits the height of vessels that may enter the strait and is controlled entirely by Russia, thereby impeding transits. In 2018, Russia employed the bridge and a large container ship to block Ukrainian vessels from entering the strait, triggering a military confrontation that spurred legal cases filed by Ukraine at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The European Union and the United States have denounced the illegal construction of the bridge and in October 2020 and April 2021 they imposed additional sanctions on Russian entities and individuals tied to the construction of the bridge.

The European Parliament asserted in a 2018 resolution that transit passage applies through the Kerch Strait. The resolution condemns the construction of the Kerch Bridge and the laying of underwater cables in the strait without the consent of Ukraine as a clear violation of Ukraines sovereignty and territorial integrity. Specifically, the bridge limits the size of ships that can transit the strait to an air draft of less than 33 meters and a length of less than 160 meters. This means that Panamax-class vessels, which accounted for more than 20 percent of all ship traffic through the strait before the construction of the bridge, now cannot enter the Sea of Azov. The resolution additionally condemns Russias practice of blocking and inspecting Ukrainian and foreign-flagged commercial vessels going through the strait, including more than 120 ships registered in the European Union, which were bound to or from Ukrainian ports. The European Parliament views Russias actions as a breach of international maritime law, and it condemned the illegal construction of the Kerch Bridge and Russias infringement of navigational rights, which hamper the right of transit passage through the strait.

As one of the bordering states, Ukraine also maintains that the transit passage regime applies to the Kerch Strait. On Sept. 16, 2016, Ukraine served Russia with a Notification and Statement of Claim under Annex VII to UNCLOS referring to a dispute concerning coastal state rights in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait. In its memorial, Ukraine requested the Arbitral Tribunal to adjudge and declare that, inter alia, Russia violated UNCLOS, Article 2, through its unauthorized and unilateral construction of submarine power cables, a submarine gas pipeline and the Kerch Bridge across the Kerch Strait; and that Russia violated UNCLOS, Articles 38 and 44, by impeding transit passage through the Kerch Strait. Regarding the status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, Ukraine specifically denies that it had treated these waters as common internal waters either before or after the execution of the 2003 agreement. Rather, Ukraine asserts that it has applied the regime of transit passage to the strait, as reflected in a 2001 note verbale and 2002 note verbale (paragraph 242). On this basis, Ukraine requested the Arbitral Tribunal to order the Russian Federation to, inter alia, provide Ukraine with appropriate public assurances and guarantees that Russia would not hinder transit passage through the Kerch Strait.

Annexation of Crimea

Russias current closure areas in the Black Sea and control of the Kerch Strait are tactics tied to its ongoing occupation and annexation of Crimea. In 2014, Russia illegally invaded and annexed Crimea in violation of Article 2(4) of the U.N. Charter. Russias continued occupation of Ukrainian territory contravenes international law and the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, in which Russia pledged to respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine. The memorandum also requires Russia to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine.

Ukraine, the United States and the European Union do not recognize the Russian annexation of Crimea and view the ongoing Russian presence in and control of the region as an illegal occupation in violation of Ukraines sovereignty and international law. Similarly, the Council of Europe indicated that the referendum organized in Crimea in March 2014 was unconstitutional under both the Crimean and Ukrainian constitutions and that the outcome of the referendum and Russias illegal annexation of Crimea have no legal effect. The Russian occupation of Crimea has likewise been condemned by the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly. Given that Russia does not have a lawful territorial claim to Crimea, it lacks legal authority to close the territorial sea of Ukraine off the coast of Crimea. And under Article 2 of the U.N. Charter, Ukraine has complete sovereignty over its territorial sea. Russias purported closure of the Black Sea off the coast of Crimea constitutes a threat or use of force against the territorial integrity and political independence of Ukraine, in violation of Article 2(4) of the U.N. Charter.

Conclusion

The international community cannot acquiesce to continued encroachment of Ukrainian sovereignty and escalating Russian aggression in the Black Sea region. Ukraines sovereignty over its territorial seas and access to its ports in the Sea of Azov are just as critical to its national security as is its sovereignty over Crimea. Access to the Kerch Strait, as well as freedom of navigation throughout the Black Sea, are essential to the security of the Black Sea states, all European nations and the United States. Notwithstanding the serious economic impacts of hampering navigation in the Black Sea and access to the Sea of Azov, the Russian closure areas limit military operations of the United States and its European and NATO allies. Russia is violating international law and its own regional agreements regarding the status of Ukraines sovereign territory, the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov. There should be greater consequences for these actions.

The ongoing arbitration may reinforce Ukraine and the international communitys criticism of Russias illegal actions, generate further diplomatic costs and increased sanctions, and spur increased naval deployments to the region and freedom of navigation assertions by the United States and NATO. These responses to aggression exert greater pressure on Russia and reinforce the rule of law and freedoms of navigation and overflight in the Black Sea region. Russia is a bully, and the only way to stop a bully is to confront it. NATO must take a firmer stance against Russia and compel Moscow to unwind its war against Ukraine.

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Russia's Illegal Restriction of Navigation in the Black Sea - Lawfare

Karen Weekes has her 2021 Christmas Day plans already boxed off. She will be single-handedly rowing across the Atlantic Ocean.

ver since her parents sat her in a kayak when she was just two years of age, a sense of adventure has anchored her life.

It began when she and a friend, Karen Kennedy, circumvented Ireland in a kayak. Later, there were kayaking trips between the Lofoten Islands of Norway, along the coast of Croatia and around the islands off Scotland.

Then she switched to cycling, undertaking a solo trip across Canada as well as bikes rides in Alaska and along the west coast of the United States.

Karen has twice sailed across the Atlantic. But her latest adventure, a 3,000-mile solo ocean journey in a rowing boat, is her most challenging trip.

A lecturer in the Cork-based Munster Technology University, Karen lives in Kinvara, Co Galway. I was born in Dublin and have lived in a lot of places, but I call Kinvara home, she says.

Her parents loved the outdoors and family outings centred on camping, fishing and sailing trips. Those early adventures had a profound influence on Karen, who has been contemplating her solo attempt across the Atlantic for several years.

Karen holds a doctorate in sports psychology and she has worked with rowers who have crewed boats on ocean trips.

I know what they have been through. I had anticipated waiting for a few years before I did it. Instead, I had been planning to do more solo cycles in places like Mongolia and Uzbekistan.

But due to Covid-19 restrictions I had to put these plans on hold.

Last August I decided to do the row and I have been training and planning for the trip since.

Karen is attempting to become the first Irish woman to complete a solo row of the Atlantic. Only 19 females worldwide have completed the 3,000-mile trip, which she estimates will take at least 75 days. But as a precaution, she will pack enough provisions for 100 days.

Planning the adventure is a mammoth task and Weekes is seeking corporate sponsorship to offset some of the expenses. She has sourced a boat which is currently being serviced in England and will be delivered to Galway later this month. Before long she will be taking it for spins in Galway Bay and along the west coast.

There is a huge amount of logistics involved, such as getting the right navigational and communication equipment. Recently I spent a weekend at the Maritime Naval Base in Cork doing a sea survival course.

During some of the kayaking trips weve been hit by some very high seas and you are always getting close to danger. Weve had situations which weve had to get ourselves out of.

But I suppose this builds up my coping toolbox. It builds up mental strength. Dealing with adversity on the high seas also gives one a great respect for the sea.

Home comforts will be in short supply on the boat.

Well, I wont have a three-hob cooker, she says with a laugh. I will have a jet boiler and will eat a lot of hydrated food, which means pouring hot water into a packet and eating its contents. So I will check what suits my stomach before I go. I will also bring a lot of protein drinks and snack bars and I will have a water-maker on board to desalinate the sea water.

Rowing the Atlantic is a foolproof way to lose weight.

Typically, you will burn between 4,000 and 4,500 calories a day and because you are not eating heavy duty carbs and stuff like that, you will lose weight because you are expending so much energy.

Ultimately, she aims to row for up to 16 hours a day.

I have spoken to a lot of solo rowers who all said that as the trip progresses you become more accustomed to the rowing and become fitter, which enables you to spend more time rowing. The rest of the time is divided between tending to the boat, cooking, eating, navigating and sleeping.

The mental challenge of being alone on the high seas for at least two-and-a-half months fascinates Karen.

When I was doing my PhD, I looked at the cognitive coping strategies of K2 mountaineers. I lived in their base camp in Pakistan for six weeks and interviewed them. I also interviewed elite runners who had competed in 100 mile plus races.

I tested the skills they shared when I cycled across Canada. I really pushed myself hard for 4,000 miles on the bike. So I think that gave me a good insight into how my mind works under pressure and stress. This is going up to another level in terms of pushing the body and mind.

But I am really looking forward to exploring my own head space and seeing where the mind goes. If you think about it and a lot of rowers will say this as well it is only 70 days of your whole life, so it is probably no harm.

The underlying philosophy governing the trip is a desire by Weekes to encourage women to participate in adventure sports and push themselves outside their comfort zone.

She also wants to highlight the UNs Sustainable Development Goals, specifically gender equality and life under the water, which focuses on the conservation of oceans and marine life.

Apart from the obvious threat posed by storms and shipping, there are other dangers lurking in the Atlantic.

Three of the boats in the annual race between Gran Canaria and Antigua got punctured by marlin. They didnt attack the boats but brushed underneath them and damaged their hulls. The crews had to do a quick fix but when youre on your own it is a different ball game.

Her only luxury on the trip will be a robust sound system. I love music and I will have music pumping from the sound system and hopefully I will have a chance to listen to podcasts and audio books as well.

For more information on Karens trip log on to shecando2021.org

Now download the free app for all the latest Sunday World News, Crime, Irish Showbiz and Sport. Available on Apple and Android devices

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Karen Weekes aims to be first Irish woman to row solo across the Atlantic Ocean - Sunday World

Gwenyth Paltrow has shown she's not only a stunning actress but she is also a successful businesswoman. After dominating the skincare realm with her beauty and wellness company Goop, she's decided to take her and her brand on a new venture: cruise lines.

We're always trying to find the best way to take care of our skin and since celebrities seem to always have an ageless appearance, any tip or beauty secret from them is coveted. Everything from how to wash your face to what moisturizer celebrities use (hello Jennifer Roberts) is praised and admired by us fans.

Well, now that Gwenyth has dominated the beauty and wellness realm, her most recent announcement on Instagram is certainly making waves.

"I am always happiest by, in or on the sea! In 2022 my @goopteam and I are going to join @celebritycruises on their new ship, Celebrity Beyond," she captioned her photo by the sea.

The brand will be taking on cruise lines and while we don't have much information to go on for now, Gwenyth made sure to tease how she'll be approaching this new venture.

This will be her latest hands-on approach with the company and she added that "I'll be behind the scenes, working on some special projects, as Celebrity's newWell-beingAdvisor," she continued."My team @goopis curating programming and fitnesskits to add toCelebrity's wellnesstheexperience.I'm sworn to secrecy on the rest keep an eye out for the details coming soon."

It's sure to be a memorable experience that we can't wait to discover. Goop is known for being a company that doesn't stick to traditional conventional beauty standards. Rather, it invents its own perspective on what wellness and beauty for women should look like.

With a leader like Gwenyth though, it's no surprise that Goop will be taking the high seas. The beauty guru is known for being a clean beauty advocate and has aimed to help her customers find their inner wellness. Before Goop expanded into the empire it is today, she started out her brand by simply sending out a newsletter with advice for those going through the aging process. Now, she's continuing to redefine how beauty and wellness brands operate and we can't wait to see how she takes on the high seas.

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Gwenyth Paltrow's latest gig is taking her out to sea - Woman & Home

Eleven fishermen from Thaengaaipattinam, who were rescued by the Coast Guard after going missing in the high-seas on April 28, returned home on Saturday afternoon.

As the Coast Guard ship escorted Mercedes boat with the 11 fishermen to the Thaengaaipattinam fishing harbour, a group of people ventured into the sea along with officials, including fisheries inspector Sivakumar, his deputy Kani Selvan and marine police inspector Arul Rose to receive them at 4 nautical miles from the harbour.

The fishermen were accorded an emotional reception by their family members while Congress MLA Rajesh Kumar and Congress candidate for Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha by-poll V. Vijay Vasanth felicitated them. After being taken to Vallavilai in a bus, the fishermen, along with their family and the villagers, participated in a Thanksgiving Holy Mass at St. Marys Church.

The 11 fishermen went missing when another boat rammed their mechanised boat 600 nautical miles off the Goa coast on April 23. While the wheelhouse was tossed up into the sea, the fishermen were thrown into the sea. They managed to board the boat again.

The crew of another mechanized boat Periyanayagi also from Vallavilai, saw the capsized wheelhouse of Mercedes and inferred that the boat had sunk after the mishap and informed their families over the satellite phone about it. After the district administration got the message from the family members, the Centre was alerted which launched a search operation.

Meanwhile, S. Joseph Franklin, owner of Mercedes, and who steered the boat contacted his family on April 28 morning via the satellite phone to inform them that all of them were safe.

On information from the State government, the Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Center (MRCC) of the Coast Guard in Mumbai activated international safety net to alert merchant vessels transiting near the reported position.

Simultaneously, Samudra Prahari of the Coast Guard was diverted for search. MRCC (Mumbai) coordinated with merchant vessel Maersk Horsburgh to join the search operation along with fishing boats operating in the area.

As the reported position was located in Pakistan Search and Rescue Region, MRCC Karachi was requested for assistance as per International Marine Organisation (IMO) norms in vogue.

Also having received information about the location of the boat, Coast Guard ship Vikram located the boat on April 29, around 25 nautical miles from Suheli Par, Lakshadweep Islands.

It provided first aid to the crew of Mercedes and confirmed the safety of all the crew. Vikram escorted the fishing boat to its base port at Thengapattanam fishing harbour.

We thank the Union government for the swift measures taken to locate the missing fishermen, said Sunil Sabariar of Vallavilai.

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Rescued by Coast Guard, 11 fishermen return home - The Hindu

Seaspiracy, the Netflix documentary premiered in March 2021 which exposes the darker side to the fishing industry, has caused much controversy since its release. One of the more dramatic claims made in the film was that, due to fishing, all of the fish in the sea will have disappeared by 2048.

To check this fact, we asked 8 experts in fisheries sciences, marine sciences, and ecology:Will the oceans be empty of fish by 2048?. Sevenout of eight answered'extremely unlikely'.

Ali Tabrizi, Seaspiracy's director and narrator, says in the documentary that "if current fishing trends continue, we will see virtually empty oceans by the year 2048". This claim has been echoed across manynews articlesand blogs since it was made in 2006, but where does it come from?

Ascientific paperpublished inScienceby Boris Worm and colleagues in 2006 which looked at the decline of marine populations and species. They found that loss of marine biodiversity has important effects on the ecosystem.

In one sentence in the concluding paragraph, they alsosaid thatthe "current trend is of serious concern because it projects the global collapse of all taxa currently fished by the mid-21stcentury".

Dr Michael Melnychuk, an expert in fisheries sciences from Washington University, highlights some of the issues with the 2006 prediction. Hesaysthat "the definitions of 'collapsed' by the authors are based on catch data, but these do not necessarily reflect abundances of fish populations".

He alsopoints outthat the method used by the authors to extrapolate data into the future was not realistic.

Dr Robert Steneck, an expert in oceanography from Maine University,highlightsthat "three years after the initial publicationWorm et al 2009(also published in Science) pointed out that many fish stocks are rebuilding globally".

Since 2006, the authors have also tried to emphasize the broader conclusions of their findingsinstead of this prediction.

There have also beennumerous scientific publicationsheavily criticizing the 2048 prediction for the reasons highlighted by Dr Melnychuk, but unfortunately this claim has stuck.

Dr Melnychukhighlightsa final reason why the 2048 prediction is inaccurate, it "assumes that our hands are tied and these trends will continue indefinitely".

Seapiracy claimed that oceans will be empty of fish by 2048 even though this prediction has been strongly refuted for over 10 years. Othersimilarly contentious claimswere made throughout the film in order to expose the darker side of the fishing industry and suggest that the only way to save the oceans is to stop fishing altogether.

Some of the experts believe that this overly negative image of the fishing industry could do more harm than good to the oceans.

Dr Alec Christie, an expert in marine biology from the University of Cambridge,says"the way this movie used data from scientific papers was a good example of questionable research practices - cherry-picking and unjustifiable and opaquely extrapolating data beyond the bounds of the study."

Dr Holden Harris, an expert in Fisheries Sciences from Florida University,addsthat Seaspiracy omitted some of the achievements in sustainable fishing.

"The convenient oversight of not including the many, many success stories of good management guided by science and community (e.g., US fisheries) provides an extremist view of the issue," says Harris.

"I also personally know some of the interviewees in the film, who have spent their life work in ocean conservation, and do not deserve the false light cast on to them.This is not how progress is made."

However, not all the experts agreed that the inaccuracies of Seaspiracy mean it does more harm than good. Dr Simon Allen, an expert in marine science from Bristol University,points outthat "at the end of the day, love it or loathe it, Seaspiracy has got some tongues wagging and people asking questions."

All the experts agreed with one claim made by Seaspiracy: overfishing is a serious issue.

Dr Harrissaysthat "today, it's likely that 1/3 of the world's fish stocks worldwide are overexploited or depleted. This is certainly an issue that deserves widespread concern."

Dr Allenaddsthat "overfishing is still the biggest problem on the global high seas".

Dr Christie's concluding opinion on Seaspiracyis that"we all agree that its message of the ecological harm of industrial fisheries is a major urgent issue, but we need to present facts not fiction and unite, build consensus, and use rational arguments to convince people to change."

It is unlikely that the oceans will be empty of fish by 2048. Although experts disagreed on the effectiveness of the Seaspiracy documentary to help protect the oceans, they all agreed that overfishing is a major issue.

Article based on 8 expert answers to this question: Will the oceans be empty of fish by 2048?

This expert response was published in partnership with independent fact-checking platform Metafact.io. Subscribe to their weekly newsletter here.

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Fact Check: Will The Oceans Be Empty of Fish by 2048, And Other Seaspiracy Concerns - ScienceAlert