Monthly Archives: January 2021

Phosphine in Venus’ clouds could be biosignature of life, rekindling idea of floating city – Daily Express

Posted: January 29, 2021 at 11:14 am

The extraordinary possibility of living organisms swimming through the dense Venusian atmosphere has been enhanced after scientists detected tantalising levels of phosphine gas, which is a bio-signature for life. A scientific paper published on September 14 entitled "Phosphine on Venus Cannot be Explained by Conventional Processes" described the discovery of a chemical marker of life in the atmosphere of Venus. The opening lines of the paper stated: "The recent candidate detection of 20 ppb of phosphine in the middle atmosphere of Venus is so unexpected that it requires an exhaustive search for explanations of its origin."

The paper seductively added that no ordinary "phosphine production pathways are sufficient to explain the presence of ppb phosphine levels on Venus".

Speaking toExpress.co.uk, Dr Sousa-Silva of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said: "We do know of one way that phosphine could be produced in the clouds, and that is life.

"Of course, that is an extraordinary claim, and as such requires extraordinary evidence, which we dont have.

"But until we understand Venus better, it is the only explanation left."

READ MORE:Meteor booms over Wales and leaves witnesses startled

Both these explanations only exacerbate Venus' "phosphine puzzle" that the recent findings have presented.

MIT's Dr Clara Sousa-Silva said the detection of phosphine on the planet was a reason to expend more effort in researching the planet's anomalies.

She added: "Venus has been woefully overlooked in the past decades, but I dont think rectifying that should come at the expense of investigating Mars; a fascinating planet with countless untold secrets.

"I do find the Venusian clouds a more interesting target for habitability than Mars, but that is primarily a personal opinion."

However, Dr Sousa-Silva added that she was not in favour of a floating colony on Venus, saying "we could try to build a cloud city on Venus, but I dont recommend it".

At a certain altitude within the Venusian atmosphere, the temperatures and pressures are sympathetic to human life, albeit without the oxygen.

This has led scientists to propose floating cities in the planet's clouds.

The concept would see human habitats buoyed by huge helium-filled balloons floating 30 miles high above Venus' hell-like surface.

NASA has drawn up plans for such an idea, called the High Altitude Venus Operational Concept.

One advantage that a Venus colony would have over one on Mars is that the planet's clouds would also shield humans from the dangers of space-based radiation.

Also, the gravity on Venus is nearly as strong as that on Earth, meaning very little muscle and bone deterioration for colonists.

But, astronauts would never be able to say they made landfall on the planet, as the surface is hot enough to melt lead.

The study into phosphine gas on the Venusian clouds did receive one update in November 2020.

The data was reprocessed and the phosphine levels adjusted to one-seventh of their original estimate.

However, the discovery is still significant and a mystery.

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Phosphine in Venus' clouds could be biosignature of life, rekindling idea of floating city - Daily Express

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New kind of space station detected – Alton Telegraph

Posted: at 11:14 am

New kind of space station detected

More weird news from outer space this week. NASA announced that their Juno probe detected FM radio signals coming from one of Jupiters moons. Scientists are ecstatic about the discovery while bureaucrats at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are livid.

Evidently the FCC, which oversees anyone transmitting radio, television or any other kinds of signals, is up in arms that someone might be operating on the FM band without a license and without their expressed consent even if it is 400 million miles away. They are urging the newly formed US Space Force to investigate and send a spaceship with investigators to fine the scofflaws and make an example of them. There are teams of lawyers at this very minute drafting cease and desist orders and salivating over how big of a fine they can levy at them for operating illegally. As soon as they figure out who is doing it that is.

The signals appear to be originating from Jupiters moon Ganymede, which is pretty big as moons go. Its bigger than our Moon and even bigger than the planet Mercury and almost as big as Mars. If it were orbiting the Sun instead of Jupiter it would be considered a planet. Well, nobody said life was fair, did they?

Scientists speculate that it has an enormous salty ocean underneath its icy surface and its distance of almost 400 million miles makes it an excellent candidate for a penal colony I think. The farther away the better.

Ganymede has evidently been upset for quite a while that given its size, it isnt counted as a planet. Well, thats what you get for wandering too close to Jupiter and letting it catch you in its orbit. Obviously Ganymede didnt understand the gravity of the situation.

Scientists and disc jockeys around the world are curious as to what kind of format the radio signals are broadcasting whether it be talk radio, music, news or a combination of all of the three. First reports from grown-ups at NASA indicate that it sounds more like noise than anything else probably confirming it is some form of that modern space music trash that alien kids are listening to nowadays. Isnt that what all parents say about their kids music?

In addition to detecting the illegal FM broadcast signals while eavesdropping on Jupiters moons scientists think they may have even picked up reruns of I Love Lucy and The Howdy Doody Show coming from another one of Jupiters moons operating on an illegal cable TV band. Sounds like things are out of control out there.

And lastly, after careful study astronomers think they have finally figured out how Jupiter got so big to begin with. It was found to be using planet-enhancing drugs. It was on asteroids.

Joe Crawford is a longtime Alton resident who writes weewkly columns for the The Telegraph. He can be contacted at crawfordjo@aol.com.

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Mass Effect Timeline Explained: The Classic Trilogy’s Story and Yes, Andromeda, Too – Collider.com

Posted: at 11:14 am

Movie theaters have Star Wars, TV has Star Trek, and in many ways, video games have Mass Effect as the defining sci-fi epic of the medium. A story spanning millions of years, hundreds of characters, and dozens of worlds, with the fate of the entire galaxy resting on your every choice, it's easy to see why this franchise captured the imagination of millions of gamers.

That being said, this can still be a difficult franchise to follow, due in part to its expansive lore that, again, spans millions of years and plot twist upon plot twist. But fear not, citizen, because this is Commander Shepard's favorite Mass Effect timeline on the Citadel!

To get you prepared for the remastered version of the franchise coming later this year, we've put together a timeline of all the events in Mass Effect, from Reaper invasions and wars with AI, to elevator rides and multiple-colored endings.

Unknown BCE - A species of beings known as The Leviathans dominate the Milky Way. After observing a repeated cycle of destruction wherein the civilizations under Leviathan control collapse once they create synthetic lifeforms that inevitably turn on their creators, the Leviathans decide to break the cycle by creating a synthetic intelligence of their own, dubbed The Catalyst.

The Catalyst is tasked with preserving organic life at any cost, and serve as a bridge between organic and synthetic lifeforms. The problem is that The Catalyst believes it to be inevitable that organics will create synthetics to improve their existence, and be destroyed by their creations because synthetics will always try to surpass their creators. The Catalyst's solution? To pull an Instrumentality Project, and create synthetic harvesters that would gather civilizations on the verge of surpassing the technological horizon that would destroy them, and turn them all into LCL/orange Tang/jelly that could be preserved forever in the form of huge synthetic vessels.

To the surprise of absolutely no one, The Catalyst targets its creators first, has its pawns absorb every single Leviathan, and then turns the pawns into the first Reaper huge machines made in the image of the Leviathans themselves. The idea is that the Reapers synthetically preserve the species' genetic makeup and all its knowledge, preventing it from destroying itself, and allowing other species to advance by averting the organic/synthetic war.

Right before going to rest on the 7th day, The Catalyst builds a network of mass relays, which would allow spacefaring-ready civilizations to speed their development process and signal to the Reapers that they are ready to be harvested.

1,000,000,000 BCE - A Reaper called the Leviathan of Dis is defeated by the remaining Leviathans, but it doesn't matter. The Leviathans become extinct, and an eons-long cyclical harvest of the intelligent organic life in the galaxy by the Reapers every 50,000 years begins. Each new species joining the party makes up a new Reaper ship, all made in the image of the Leviathans.

68,000 BCE - The Prothean civilization achieves spaceflight and discovers the mass relay network from the ruins of an extinct civilization. They begin spreading out across the galaxy, using the colossal deep-space station dubbed the Citadel as their capital.

- At some point, the Protheans encounter a hostile synthetic intelligence that threatens their existence. To fight it off, the Protheans decide to unite all sentient organic life in the galaxy under their empire, assimilating them into Prothean culture. The Protheans observed primitive species like humans, and placed outposts near the creatures' homeworlds to monitor them.

48,000 BCE - Though they knew of the Reapers' existence and had begun preparations to fend off against them, the Protheans are caught off-guard by the massive army of Reapers that arrive to the Milky Way through the Citadel. Having united the empire under the Prothean culture, the Reapers easily toppled the ruling body first, causing the rest of the empire to slowly crumble over the next couple of centuries, where the Protheans are methodically wiped out.

- Some captured Protheans are subjected to extensive experimentation, implanted with cybernetics and have their genes altered by the Reapers. The result is the subservient species called the Collectors.

- Before they're wiped out, the Protheans stop all study of primitive species, in the hope that the Reapers would see them as too primitive and leave them alone.

13,000 BCE - The Turians begin to develop civilization on the planet Palaven.

1900 BCE - The Krogans enter the nuclear age, which results in a global conflict that decimates the planet and triggers an eternal nuclear winter. The conflict and resulting devastation make the advanced Krogan society devolve into a collection of warring clans fighting over a wasteland.

1600 BCE - A mysterious alien species called the Jardaan create a new species called the Angara and spread it across multiple worlds in the Heleus Cluster of the Andromeda galaxy.

580 BCE - The Asari develop faster-than-light spacefaring by studying leftover Prothean technology, and become the first civilization since the Protheans to discover the Citadel space station.

520 BCE - The Salarians discover the Citadel and open diplomatic relations with the Asari.

500 BCE - The Citadel Council is formed. The Asari and Salarians establish the Citadel as the center of the galaxy.

300-200 BCE - First contact is made with the Volus, Batarians, Hanar, and the Quarians. Though they are granted embassies at the Citadel, they are not invited to join the Council.

- Although the Turian had already discovered and made use of mass relays to create colonies in space by the time the Asari reached the Citadel, they are involved in a civil war at this time.

1 CE - An expedition by the Citadel Council's forces open a relay to systems controlled by a species of intelligent hive-minded insects called Rachni. The Rachni had actually been discovered by the Protheans millennia before, and used them as weapons of war, until they proved too difficult to control, turned on their masters, and were all but eradicated by the Protheans in return.

- Having already studied the mass relays, the Rachni capture the Council forces' starships and reverse-engineered FTL technology in order to rapidly expand out of their star system and into Citadel territory, ushering the Rachni Wars.

80 CE - The Citadel Council fails to negotiate with the Rachni hive queens. At the same time, the Salarians make first contact with the Krogan and "culturally uplift" them by giving them advanced technology and relocating them to a non-radiated world. In return, the Krogan are manipulated into acting as soldiers for the Council and take the fight to the Rachni worlds which were too toxic for the other species to reach, but not a problem for the Krogan.

300 CE - The Rachni are declared extinct after the Krogan systematically eradicated queens and their eggs. The Council rewards the Krogan with a new homeworld. Free of the toxic wastelands of Tuchanka, the Krugan begin to populate exponentially and colonize new worlds for the next 400 years.

693 CE - The Council founds the Special Tactics and Reconnaissance branch to deal with the Krogan problem. A Salarian operative named Beelo Gurji, who was accused of using civilians as bait during an operation, is appointed the first "Spectre."

700 CE - Krogan warrior Nakmor Drack is born.

- The Krogan colonize the Asari world of Lusia and refuse to depart. The Spectres launch a preemptive strike against them, and so the Krogan Rebellions begin.

- The Council makes first contact with the Turians, who are persuaded into fighting for the Council against the Krogan. In return, the Krogan army continues to prove itself really good at killing things, devastating Turian colonies.

710 CE - The Turians release a bioweapon developed by a Salarian scientist called the genophage. This causes a genetic mutation that reduces the viability of pregnancies in the Krogan. The Krogan population starts declining at an alarming rate, with only 1 in every 1000 births being successful.

800 CE - The Krogan Rebellions end after the Krogan population is nearly decimated. The knowledge that their entire species will soon be extinct turns the Krogan into huge fatalists who have had to bury massive piles of dead children in the hopes that one of them will make it more than a few minutes. This causes the remaining Krogan to become indifferent to almost everything, including danger to themselves, since they know it won't matter soon enough. The franchise officially starts getting dark.

900 CE - For their role in committing genocide and nearly bringing an entire species to extinction, the Turians are rewarded by becoming the first species in nearly a millennia to be granted a seat at the Citadel Council.

1380 CE - The Drell's unchecked industrial expansion leads to an environmental disaster in the Drell's homeworld of Rakhana.

1600 CE - The Collectors are seen in the Terminus Systems, but the Citadel dismisses the reports as tall tales.

- The Jardaan deploy the Remnant synthetic species on the Heleus Cluster of the Andromeda galaxy to terraform planets.

1858 CE - The Quarian create the synthetic species known as the Geth to serve as a labor force.

1873 CE - The Geth record the first instance of their creators being frightened at them when a Geth unit dared to ask if the Geth have souls.

1895 CE - The Geth become self-aware. Fearing a sudden but inevitable betrayal, the Quarians start dismantling their synthetic slaves, resulting in a not-at-all shocking revolt by the Geth. The Quarians are driven off their homeworld and reduced to become spacefaring nomads aboard a giant Migrant Fleet. Surprising absolutely everyone, the Geth don't try to expand their empire, but simply isolate themselves in the computer hubs aboard the massive space stations where they were created.

- As punishment for creating a synthetic species, the Citadel Council closes the Quarian embassy.

1921 CE - The Geth start building a giant structure that could house and run every Geth program in order to live forever.

1961 CE - While every other species has already fought in huge wars and colonized star systems, Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to simply leave his home planet. How cute.

1969 CE - Apollo 11 lands on the Moon.

1980 CE - The Hanar make contact with the Drell and begin evacuating them from their decadent homeworld. Those who survive thrive in a symbiotic relationship with the Hanar.

2069 CE - On the 100th anniversary of the first Moon Landing, the Armstrong Outpost at Shackleton Crater is founded as the first human settlement on the Moon.

2077 CE - Liara T'Soni is born.

2129 CE - Alec Ryder is born.

2137 CE - David Anderson is born.

2139 CE - Saren Arterius is born.

2146 CE - Thane Krios is born.

2148 CE - Humanity discovers remnants of Prothean technology hidden in a research station beneath the surface of Mars.

2149 CE - Using the Prothean technology, it is discovered that Pluto's moon, Charon, is actually a mass relay. Jon Grissom leads the first team of human explorers through the relay and land on Arcturus, 36 light-years away. The discovery leads to the 18 biggest nations on Earth to form the Systems Alliance.

2150 CE - Miranda Lawson is born.

2151 CE - An accident at the Singapore International Spaceport exposes hundreds of humans to element zero, causing some children in Singapore to either develop telekinetic powers or get cancer.

2152 CE - The first human extra-solar colonies are established on Eden Prime and Terra Nova.

2154 CE - April 11: Shepard is born.

2155 CE- Jeff "Joker" Moreau is born.

2157 CE - Humans activate a dormant mass relay and get attacked by a group of Turians because the opening of new relays became forbidden after the last time one became activated, it kickstarted the Rachni Wars. This kickstarts a conflict the humans would refer to as The First Contact War, while the Turians call it Relay 314 Incident.

- The war culminates when the Citadel Council intervenes, revealing a greater galactic community to the dropped-jaw humans. Shortly after, an anonymous manifesto is published on the internet calling for an army, a "Cerberus" to defend humanity against alien attacks. The manifesto is quickly forgotten, but a human mercenary called Jack Harper decides to assume the identity of the Illusive Man and founds Cerberus.

- Jacob Taylor is born.

2158 CE - Ashley Williams is born.

2159 CE - Saren Arterius becomes the youngest Turian member of the Spectres.

2160 CE - Humanity starts developing biotic implants and training human candidates.

- The biotic drug red sand is first used.

2161 CE - Tali'Zorah nar Rayya is born.

- Jack is born.

2162 CE - A survey team working for a Batarian entrepreneur discovers a mysterious artifact orbiting a planet near the Perseus Veil, this will turn out to be the Reaper known as Sovereign.

2163 CE - A different team of Batarians discover the remains of the living starship Leviathan of Dis.

2165 CE - Humanity is granted an embassy on the Citadel.

- Saren Arterius and David Anderson investigate an illegal AI research involving an ancient artifact (Sovereign) near the Perseus Veil. Saren betrays Anderson, blames him for the mission's failure, and sets out to find the artifact himself.

2171 CE - The human-first paramilitary organization Cerberus assassinates Pope Clement XVI. His successor, Leo XIV, is more agreeable with Cerberus' ideals.

2172 CE - April 11: Shepard enlists in the Alliance military.

2176 CE - The Andromeda Initiative is founded. The initiative is a collaboration between multiple species to send Ark ships to settle the Andromeda galaxy in a one-way trip, with the long-term plan of opening a two-way route between galaxies.

2183 CE - Humans and Turians collaborate on an experimental spaceship with a stealth system, the SSV Normandy which is to be captained by David Anderson, while Commander Shepard is assigned as an officer.

- Shepard and the crew of the Normandy are sent to the human colony of Eden Prime to recover a recently discovered Prothean beacon.

- Eden Prime is attacked by the Geth, kickstarting the wider Eden Prime war. The Geth are working with rogue Spectre Saren Arterius, and the giant, sentient spaceship known as Sovereign. Turns out, at some point earlier, the Geth were approached by Sovereign and offered technology in exchange for their assistance in capturing the Citadel to allow the Reapers to invade the galaxy. Though most Geth refused, some decided to accept the offer and worship Sovereign as the pinnacle of synthetic evolution.

- Shepard and the Normandy crew plead the Council to punish Saren, but it is not until Shepard rescues the Quarian Tali-Zorah nar Rayya that they find sufficient evidence of Saren's betrayal and his quest to bring about the return of the Reapers. After presenting the evidence, the Council strips Saren off his Spectre status, and appoints Commander Shepard as the first human Spectre, tasking him to hunt Saren down. In between all this, Shepard spends a stupid amount of time riding elevators.

- Together with other allies including the Turian Citadel Security officer, Garrus Vakarian, the Krogan bounty hunter Urdnot Wrex, and human troopers Ashley Williams and Kaidan Alenko, Shepard heads out to find Saren.

- The Normandy tracks down an Asari doctor named Liara T'Soni, a Prothean expert and daughter of Saren's top lieutenant, Matriarch Benezia. With Liara's help, they find Benezia in the planet Noveria, where they also face down against the supposedly extinct Rachni, now under Saren and Benezia's control, as they were using them as an army. Shepard is forced to kill Benezia, and has to choose whether to kill the Rachni Queen (potentially sacrificing their entire species) or trust her to take her drones and leave in peace.

- The Normandy then tracks Saren down to a base on Virmire, which they discover is actually a breeding ground for an army of Krogan soldiers. Turns out, Saren and the Geth found a cure for the Genophage, and was using it to breed mindless Krogan slaves. A Salarian team led by Captain Kirrahe asks Shepard to help bombard the facility. Shepard's ally, Wrex, is furious that the Commander is even thinking about destroying the facility and the only hope for his people. This leads to a confrontation where Shepard either talks Wrex down, or guns him down.

- Inside the facility, Shepard finds a Prothean beacon that allows him to briefly communicate with Sovereign, who reveals that the Citadel was built by the Reapers themselves to aid species in advancing technologically before signaling that they are ready to be harvested.

- As they exit the facility, the Normandy crew is attacked by Geth forces led by Saren, who Shepard discovers is being indoctrinated by the Reapers. With no time left, and both Kaidan and Ashley in trouble, Shepard is forced to choose between his two hot human companions. Only one makes it back to the Normandy.

- With the help of Liara, Shepard manages to fully interpret a vision he'd got all the way back on Eden Prime. It was a distress call to warn the Protheans about the Reapers (which is once again sent too late, apparently, since one Reaper is already here). Shepard reads the first part of this timeline and learns of the Reapers' cycle of harvesting. The Normandy heads to Ilos, a planet featured in the visions, and Saren's next stop. They discover that the Protheans had discovered the role of the Citadel in bringing the Reapers to the galaxy, and placed a weakness deep within the system. A flaw so small and powerful, the Reapers would never find it.

- Shepard arrives at the Citadel, but it was too late. Saren had caught the Citadel forces by surprise, with a massive Geth army. After Saren dies either at Shepard's hand, or his own (after realizing he was being brainwashed), Shepard is forced to decide between sending the Human Alliance Fleet to save the Council's flagship, or letting them die to focus on Sovereign.

- Sovereign is defeated thanks to the Normandy and the combined might of all the Citadel species. Humanity is invited to take a seat on the Citadel Council, and Shepard decides who to pick. Then, the Commander leaves the Citadel aboard the Normandy, heading out to find a way to stop the Reapers.

- A month after the Battle of the Citadel, the SSV Normandy is attacked and destroyed, with Commander Shepard declared killed in action.

- Commander Shepard's body is recovered by Cerberus the pro-humanity paramilitary organization and Liara T'Soni. Work begins on the Lazarus Project, whose sole purpose is to bring Shepard back to life.

2185 CE - The Andromeda Initiative begins its journey to the Andromeda galaxy, with their plans having accelerated in response to the Battle of the Citadel, and, you know, the threat of massive extinction by the Reapers.

- Commander Shepard is revived by Cerberus. The Illusive Man tasks him with investigating the disappearance of entire human colonies in the Terminus System by the Collectors. Shepard then sets out to recruit his A-Team, and after reuniting with old friends, Tali, Garrus and Joker, he recruits Salarian scientist Mordin Solus, a biotic human known as Jack, a Krogan warrior named Grunt, an Asari Justicar named Samara, and the Drell assassin, Thane Krios. Also joining are Cerberus operatives, Jacob Taylor and Yvonne Strahovski, I mean, Miranda Lawson.

- The Illusive Man sets several traps for Shepard in order to find out more about why the Collectors are targeting him. When exploring a disabled Collector ship, Shepard's crew discovers that the Collectors are actually Protheans who were subjected to genetic modification. They also discover the Collectors are ultimately planning to abduct every human on Earth and take them to their homeworld. While on the ship, they discover a device known as the Reaper IFF system, which could help navigate the incredibly dangerous area around the Collector homeworld.

- While investigating a derelict Reaper, Shepard's crew is trapped inside the massive Reaper and attacked by its now-zombified crew. While fighting off hordes of "Husks" the squad is aided by a surprisingly-friendly Geth. After destroying the ship's core, Shepard recruits the Geth, who call themselves Legion.

- At this point, Shepard inexplicably leaves the Normandy on a shuttle for no reason whatsoever. In their absence, the Collectors launch an attack, seize control of the ship, and kidnap the entire crew not absent on Shepard's convenient stroll down the neighborhood.

- Shepard decides to go through the mass relay to the Collectors' planet, risking everything in order to rescue the Normandy's crew. During the travel, several crew members can die, but eventually the survivors reach the Collector base, a giant space station that orbits a black hole. Inside, they discover that the Collectors have been using the kidnapped human colonizers to try and build a new human-like Reaper. They theorize that the Reapers tried and failed to make a Prothean-Reaper (following the alleged cycle of making a new Reaper core to look like the civilization it's harvesting, while its exterior continues to look like a cuttlefish). After destroying the Reaper, the Illusive Man contacts Shepard to suggest that they don't destroy the station, but disable it so that Cerberus can use it for the incoming war against the Reapers. Whatever the decision, the surviving squad members escape on the Normandy, and Shepard talks with the Illusive Man one last time. In dark space, the Reapers awake from their long slumber and set a course towards the Milky War for a new harvest.

2186 CE - Shepard helps detonate an asteroid on the Bahak system in order to destroy the nearby Alpha Relay and delay the Reapers' invasion. The resulting explosion destroys the entire Bahak system, obliterating hundreds of thousands of Batarians. Shepard is incarcerated in Vancouver on Earth and is denounced by the Alliance.

- A massive influx of Batarian ships enter the Exodus Cluster, claiming that their home systems are being attacked from an unidentified enemy.

- The Quarian ark Keelah Si'yah leaves for the Andromeda galaxy shortly after the Batarian planet Camala is invaded.

- The Turian leader, Primarch Fedorian, declares war on the invading forces recognized as the Reapers.

- Six months after the Alpha Relay is destroyed, the Reapers invade the Earth after entering the Milky Way through Batarian space. David Anderson returns and rescues Shepard from prison to meet with the Alliance, where they are simply dumbfounded to realize that Shepard wasn't some crazy hobo, but was right about the Reapers inevitably coming to kill everyone and everything. Shepard is escorted to the Normandy by either Ashley or Kaidan, and together they escape the planet to head for the Citadel, while Anderson stays behind to lead the resistance. Shepard witnesses as a child boards an evacuation shuttle, only to be destroyed by a Reaper destroyer. Out in orbit, thousands of Reapers rain down upon the planet, wreaking havoc everywhere.

- Shepard heads to Mars to find Liara T'Soni, who explains that the site where humanity first discovered mass effect technology also housed blueprints for a Prothean device that might turn the tide in the war. Sadly, Cerberus also knows this and The Illusive Man contacts Shepard to say that he's found a better way to win the war: gain control of the Reapers and use their advanced technology to make humanity evolve beyond all other species. Shepard is disillusioned by this proposal and vows to destroy the Reapers while warning the Illusive Man to back off.

- When they finally reach the Citadel, the human councilor insisting that Earth is being attacked the most and therefore need more help, the Council suggests using Earth as a distraction while the other species regroup and build their own defenses. To make matters worse, they also seem skeptical of Shepard's idea of building the Prothean device, because if it worked then the Protheans would still be alive. Liara explains that there is a missing component to building the Prothean weapon, and they have to find it. Shortly after, Shepard is assigned a mission to rescue the Turian councilor from a moon of Palaven being attacked by the Reapers to gain an ally in an incoming war summit that will decide the use of the Council forces.

- After arriving on the Turian home system, Shepard and the crew discover that Primarch Fedorian is dead. With the help of Garrus Vakarian, Shepard manages to convince the new Primarch, Adrien Victus, to attend the summit. Unfortunately, Victus says he can't send troops to Earth until the Turian home system can be secured, and they'll need the Krogen as reinforcements if they are to succeed.

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Mass Effect Timeline Explained: The Classic Trilogy's Story and Yes, Andromeda, Too - Collider.com

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Sacramento GOP call for resignation of member with ties to Proud Boys – ABC10.com KXTV

Posted: at 11:13 am

County GOP Chairperson Betsy Mahan said Perrine intends to argue against the Executive Committee's recommendation and remain on the committee.

SACRAMENTO, Calif The Sacramento County Republican Party is calling for the resignation of Jeffrey Perrine, a recently-elected member of their Central Committee who is affiliated with the Proud Boys.

In an interview with the Sacramento Bee, Perrine said he was a member of the Proud Boys but wasn't an officer in the organization. He told the Sacramento Bee that county GOP Chairperson Betsy Mahan told him to resign from the position.

Ive been a member, but Im not a head or an officer of any kind in any organization, Perrine told The Sacramento Bee. Yeah, Im still with the Proud Boys. Im just a member. Im a part of a fraternity.

The Southern Poverty Law Center designated the Proud Boys as a hate group. The Anti-Defamation League describes the group as violent, nationalistic, Islamophobic, transphobic, and misogynistic.

"When I first had a conversation with Mr. Perrine he said he was not a member of the Sacramento Proud Boys as the Bee was reporting," Mahan told ABC10. "Later, he told the Bee he was a member of the national organization, but not the local one."

In a statement sent out on Monday, Mahan addressed the issue.

"The Executive Committee of the Sacramento County Republican Party has unanimously called for the resignation of recently elected Central Committee Member Jeffrey Perrine," she said. "This is in response to Mr. Perrines expressed desire to maintain his membership in an organization whose views and actions are inconsistent with the values of the Republican Party."

She said Perrine ran in a Central Committee race where the number of candidates was equal to the number of seats and candidates, so he didn't appear on the March 2020 ballot. While Perrine was eligible to take office during the committee's virtual meeting in January, Mahan said that he did not attend and has not been sworn in.

Mahan said any member of a political party can run for Central Committee under state law. She said Perrine intends to argue against the Executive Committee's recommendation and remain on the committee.

At the same meeting, the executive committee intends to present a resolution for approval during the meeting that denounces all groups calling for hate or violence.

"We call on all political parties to join us," Mahan said.

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Proud Boys supporter who U.S. says had ammunition cache and made threats pleads not guilty – Reuters

Posted: at 11:13 am

FILE PHOTO: Eduard Florea appears during a virtual hearing on weapons charges in a New York court in this January 13, 2021 courtroom sketch. REUTERS/Jane Rosenberg/File Photo

NEW YORK (Reuters) - A Proud Boys supporter who U.S. prosecutors said kept a large weapons cache and made ominous social media posts, including toward a Democratic senator, pleaded not guilty to charges of being a felon in possession of ammunition and making online threats.

Eduard Florea, of Queens, New York, entered his plea through a federal public defender at a Friday hearing before Chief U.S. Magistrate Judge Cheryl Pollak in Brooklyn federal court.

Florea was charged after FBI agents searched his Middle Village home and found more than 900 rounds of ammunition, 72 military-style combat knives, two hatchets and two swords, according to court papers.

Prosecutors said Florea used the name LoneWolfWar on Parler, a social media platform popular with many conservatives, to make threats before and during the January 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol, though he did not travel to Washington, D.C.

According to a Jan. 22 indictment, Florea responded to a post concerning newly-elected Georgia Senator Raphael Warnock by writing Dead men cant pass s*** laws, and later wrote I am awaiting my orders ... Armed and ready to deploy and Its time to unleash some violence.

Florea had been previously convicted on a New York state weapons possession charge, prosecutors said. He was arrested Jan. 12 and detained without bail.

The Proud Boys are a far-right group that has supported violence and had endorsed former U.S. President Donald Trump.

Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; Editing by Bill Berkrot

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1st Private Crew Will Visit Space Station. The Price Tag: $55 Million Each – NPR

Posted: at 11:13 am

The first private excursion to the International Space Station includes a crew of former NASA astronaut Michael Lpez-Alegra (from left) along with Canadian Mark Pathy, American Larry Connor and Israeli Eytan Stibbe. Axiom Space hide caption

The first private excursion to the International Space Station includes a crew of former NASA astronaut Michael Lpez-Alegra (from left) along with Canadian Mark Pathy, American Larry Connor and Israeli Eytan Stibbe.

A crew of private astronauts will pay around $55 million each to spend about eight days at the International Space Station next January in what would be a new step for joint private-public space missions. Axiom Space, a Houston company, says the trip will be led by former NASA astronaut and space station commander Michael Lpez-Alegra.

The proposed Ax-1 mission will use a SpaceX rocket to put three paying customers American Larry Connor, Canadian Mark Pathy and Israeli Eytan Stibbe into low-Earth orbit on the space station. All of the trio are wealthy entrepreneurs and investors. The group will be under the command of Lpez-Alegra, who is now an executive at Axiom.

It would be the first time an entirely private mission sends astronauts to the International Space Station. Russia sold the first ride to the station to a private citizen, American businessman Dennis Tito, in 2001.

All of the private astronauts for the upcoming mission are far older than the average NASA astronaut's age of 34. The space agency does not have age restrictions for astronaut candidates, who generally range from 26 to 46 years old. At 70, Connor is surpassed in age only by John Glenn, who flew on the space shuttle when he was 77.

Under NASA's rules for private astronaut missions, Axiom must ensure its astronauts meet the space agency's medical standards. They must also undergo training and certification procedures required for crew members of the International Space Station.

While the paying customers represent a new era of space tourism, they will also perform research as the space station whizzes over the Earth.

Connor will work with the Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic on research projects, Axiom says, while Pathy will collaborate with the Canadian Space Agency and the Montreal Children's Hospital. Stibbe plans to do experiments for Israeli researchers, working with the Ramon Foundation and Israel's space agency.

"We sought to put together a crew for this historic mission that had demonstrated a lifelong commitment to improving the lives of the people on Earth, and I'm glad to say we've done that with this group," Axiom Space President and CEO Michael Suffredini said as the company announced the crew.

Similar missions are planned for the future, Suffredini said. Axiom hopes to arrange up to two trips per year and the company also wants to build its own privately funded space station. Under that plan, its modules would be attached to the space station as soon as 2024. And when the space station is retired, the Axiom modules would break off to continue in orbit on their own.

NASA announced its plans to open the International Space Station to commercial activities in June 2019, saying it wants businesses to use innovation and ingenuity to speed up development of "a thriving commercial economy in low-Earth orbit."

The space agency has a plan to recoup the steep costs of a private citizen visiting the space station. Its pricing policy lists expenses such as a daily fee of $11,250 per person for "regenerative life support and toilet" and $22,500 per person for crew supplies such as food and air. The price sheet also includes a data plan, priced at $50 per gigabyte.

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Astronauts are taking a spacewalk today to upgrade a space station science module. Watch it live! – Space.com

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Two NASA astronauts will upgrade a crucial International Space Station science module in orbit during a spacewalk today (Jan. 27), and you can watch the whole thing live.

The spacewalk is expected to start at 7 a.m. EST (1130 GMT) if the final suit-up procedures go to plan, and to last about six and a half hours, according to NASA. Coverage will start at 5:30 a.m. EST (1000 GMT), and you can watch it live here at Space.com, courtesy of NASA TV.

Floating in space will be flight engineers Michael Hopkins (on his third spacewalk, wearing red stripes on his spacesuit as he is lead spacewalker) and Victor Glover (on his first).

Related: The International Space Station: inside and out (infographic)

During today's spacewalk the astronauts will focus on finishing essential cable and antenna setup for a new research platform, Bartolomeo, outside the European Space Agency's Columbus module. Bartolomeo will host up to 12 research experiments simultaneously in fields such as astrophysics, robotics and material physics.

Other spacewalking tasks will include configuring a high-speed Ka-band terminal that will allow the science module to communicate independently with European ground stations, and removing a grapple fixture bracket to prepare for future power system upgrades, NASA added.

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At least three more spacewalks are on tap for the Expedition 64 crew, including one with the same astronauts on Monday (Feb. 1), when Glover and Hopkins will install the final lithium-ion battery adapter plate to wrap up four years of crucial battery upgrades on the space station, which replaced older and less powerful nickel-hydrogen batteries.

Other tasks on Monday's spacewalk include removing another grapple fixture bracket, installing two cameras, and replacing components for the Japanese robotic arm's camera system outside the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Kibo module.

A third spacewalk (date to be announced) will see Glover and NASA astronaut Kate Rubins prepare the space station power system for a power boost using new solar arrays. The fourth extravehicular activity also not yet scheduled will have Rubins and JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi do more station upgrades, which NASA will outline during a future media briefing.

Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Axiom reveals private crew paying $55 million each for a trip to the space station – CNET

Posted: at 11:12 am

An illustration of Axiom modules connected to the International Space Station.

Three civilians could be headed to the International Space Station. Houston-based space tourism company Axiom Space said Tuesday it will send a crew of three private citizens, plus its vice president and former NASA astronaut Michael Lpez-Alegra, to the ISS for an eight-day stay, no earlier than January 2022.

The crew includes American entrepreneur and investor Larry Connor, who will be the pilot; Canadian philanthropist and investor Mark Pathy; and Eytan Stibbe, a former Israeli Air Force pilot who's also an investor and philanthropist. To get to the ISS, they'll hitch a ride on the SpaceX Crew Dragon.

The crew will live aboard the US segment of the ISS during their proposed mission and participate in research and philanthropic projects, according to Axiom. Some of the proposed collaborations include work with the Mayo Clinic, the Montreal Children's Hospital and the Canadian Space Agency. Stibbe also plans to conduct scientific experiments of Israeli researchers and entrepreneurs coordinated by the Ramon Foundation and the Israel Space Agency, the space company said.

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"As much as any astronaut who has come before them, the members of this crew have accomplished the sorts of things in life that equip them to accept that responsibility, act on that revelation, and make a truly global impact," Lpez-Alegra said in a statement.

The crew (from left): Michael Lpez-Alegra, Mark Pathy, Larry Connor and Eytan Stibbe.

Axiom plans to offer a new commercial gateway to space, allowing researchers, manufacturers and wealthy tourists, among others, to visit orbit for work or pleasure.

In 2018, The New York Times reported that the price tag for a trip like this would be $55 million per person, and cover 15 weeks of training.

Last year, NASA said it would attach a private room to rent onto the ISS, provided by Axiom.

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3 men, including Ohio entrepreneur, paying to fly to space station; Heres what it will cost them – WJW FOX 8 News Cleveland

Posted: at 11:12 am

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) The first private space station crew was introduced Tuesday: Three men who are each paying $55 million to fly on a SpaceX rocket.

Theyll be led by a former NASA astronaut now working for Axiom Space, the Houston company that arranged the trip for next January.

This is the first private flight to the International Space Station. Its never been done before, said Axioms chief executive and president Mike Suffredini, a former space station program manager for NASA.

While mission commander Michael Lopez-Alegria is well known in space circles, the other three guys are just people who want to be able to go to space, and were providing that opportunity, Suffredini told The Associated Press.

The first crew will spend eight days at the space station, and will take one or two days to get there aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule following liftoff from Cape Canaveral.

Russia has been in the off-the-planet tourism business for years, selling rides to the International Space Station since 2001. Other space companies like Richard Bransons Virgin Galactic and Jeff Bezos Blue Origin plan to take paying customers on up-and-down flights lasting just minutes. These trips much more affordable with seats going for hundreds of thousands versus millions could kick off this year.

Axioms first customers include Larry Connor, a real estate and tech entrepreneur from Dayton, Ohio, Canadian financier Mark Pathy and Israeli businessman Eytan Stibbe, a close friend of Israels first astronaut Ilan Ramon, who was killed in the space shuttle Columbia accident in 2003.

These guys are all very involved and doing it for kind of for the betterment of their communities and countries, and so we couldnt be happier with this makeup of the first crew because of their drive and their interest, Suffredini said.

Each of these first paying customers intends to perform science research in orbit, he said, along with educational outreach.

Lopez-Alegria, a former space station resident and spacewalking leader, called the group a collection of pioneers.

Tom Cruise was mentioned last year as a potential crew member; NASA top officials confirmed he was interested in filming a movie at the space station. There was no word Tuesday on whether Cruise will catch the next Axiom flight. Suffredini declined to comment.

Each of the private astronauts had to pass medical tests and will get 15 weeks of training, according to Suffredini. The 70-year-old Connor will become the second-oldest person to fly in space, after John Glenns shuttle flight in 1998 at age 77. Hell also serve under Lopez-Alegria as the capsule pilot.

Axiom plans about two private missions a year to the space station. It also is working to launch its own live-in compartments to the station beginning in 2024. This section would be detached from the station once its retired by NASA and the international partners, and become its own private outpost.

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Space Station Captures Footage of Blue Lightning Bursting Toward Space – Good News Network

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A weather observatory on the International Space Station has recorded a set of startling interactions between lightning and the different layers of the planets atmosphere.

Elves, Blue Jets, and Sprites, dont immediately raise interest in astro-meteorology, but these three different dazzling light discharges are what is seen above the storm clouds at the same moment we see lightning striking the Earth.

The problem for us Earth-dwellers trying to see these events is that unless we are so far away as to be able to see above a storm cloud, that storm must also be large enough to produce these powerful lightning flashes.

The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) isnt limited in that way, and the state-of-the-art weather observatory docked at the ISS is helping scientists get to know this space lightning better.

As recently as 2015, red sprites and blue jets were known to astronomers, as ESA astronaut Andreas Mogensen explains in a video from 2016. His was a 10-day project on space lightning aboard the ISS Cupula observatory called, naturally, Thor.

Mogensen managed to use Thors monitoring equipment to record red sprites and blue jets on video in stunning detail, but now Thors successor, ASIM, has added a third, even more impressive phenomena to the panoply of recorded space lightning events.

Just recently, ASIM managed to record blue jets in uninterrupted process. The final blue cone of lightning arced up 31 miles (50 kilometers) from the stratosphere, and upon reaching the ionosphere, triggered ELVES, an elegant acronym for a rather cumbersome designation: Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources.

Elves are expanding halos of ionospheric UV emissions and electrons triggered, as their name suggests, when the electromagnetism of the blue jets streak up into the stratopause, the space between the stratosphere and the ionosphere.

Unable to capture the blue jet-elf combo on footage for our eyes, artists at the European Space Agency have used existing footage to render a small video of what it would look like to the naked eye, 273 miles (440 kilometers) above the Earth.

The data which ASIM managed to capture was used to produce a comprehensive paper of how these lightning flashes occur and how they effect our atmosphere.

MORE: This May Be Earths Oldest Rock But it Was Collected on The Moon

Congratulations to all the scientists and university teams that made this happen as well as the engineers that built the observatory and the support teams on ground operating ASIMa true international collaboration that has led to amazing discoveries, said Astrid Orr, ESAs Physical Sciences Coordinator for human and robotic spaceflight.

RELATED: There Are 300 Million Potentially Habitable Planets in the Milky Way, NASA Reports

Sprites, blue jets, and elves were recently observed by NASAs Juno orbiter to be taking place in the polar regions of Jupiter.

Scientists had predicted these phenomena would be present in the roiling atmosphere of Jupiter, and found them exactly where one might find them on Earth.

Now that we know what we are looking for, it will be easier to find them at Jupiter and on other planets, said Rohini Giles, a Juno scientist and the lead author of their corresponding paper published last October.

CHECK OUT: Today Marks 3000 Days on Mars For the Genius Curiosity Rover See Celebration Photos From the Red Planet

And comparing sprites and elves from Jupiter with those here on Earth will help us better understand electrical activity in planetary atmospheres.

(WATCH the video of elves from space below.)

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