Daily Archives: January 13, 2021

Their eyes met across the rugged mountain landscape of prehistoric Romania.

He was a Neanderthal, and stark naked apart from a fur cape. He had good posture and pale skin, perhaps reddened slightly with sunburn. Around one of his thick, muscular biceps he wore bracelet of eagle-talons. She was an early modern human, clad in an animal-skin coat with a wolf-fur trim. She had dark skin, long legs, and her hair was worn in braids.

He cleared his throat, looked her up and down, and in an absurdly high-pitched, nasal voice deployed his best chat-up line. She stared back blankly. Luckily for him, they didnt speak the same language. They had an awkward laugh and, well, we can all guess what happened next.

Of course, it could have been far less like a scene from a steamy romance novel. Perhaps the woman was actually the Neanderthal and the man belonged to our own species. Maybe their relationship was of the casual, pragmatic kind, because there just werent many people around at the time. Its even been suggested, too, that such hook-ups werent consensual.

While we will never know what really happened in this encounter or others like it what we can be sure of is that such a couple did get together. Around 37,000-42,000 years later, in February 2002, two explorers made an extraordinary discovery in an underground cave system in the southwestern Carpathian mountains, near the Romanian town of Anina.

Even getting there was no easy task. First they waded neck-deep in an underground river for 200m (656ft). Then came a scuba dive for 30m (98ft) along an underwater passage, followed by a 300-metre (984ft) ascent up to the poarta, or mouse hole an opening through which they entered a previously unknown chamber.

Inside the Petera cu Oase, or "Cave with Bones", they found thousands of mammalian bones. Over its long history, its thought to have primarily been inhabited by male cave bears extinct relatives of the brown bear to which they largely belong. Resting on the surface among them was a human jawbone, which radiocarbon dating revealed to be from one of the oldest known early modern humans in Europe.

Read this article:
Here's what we know sex with Neanderthals was like - BBC News

This Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market report has been formulated by considering an ever-increasing demand and the value of market research for the success of different business sectors. This market report comprises many work areas of the Healthcare industry. It is not only professional but also is comprehensive which focuses on primary and secondary drivers, market share, competitor analysis, leading segments and geographical analysis.

The size of the global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market is expected to grow in the forecast period from 2020 to 2027, with a CAGR of XX. x% over the forecast period from 2020 to 2027 and is expected to reach XXX. X million by 2027, starting at XXX. X million in 2019.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolism disorder where a type of fat (lipid) called glucocerebroside is unable to degrade. Body synthesis enzyme called glucocerebrosidase, which breakdowns and reprocesses glucocerebroside. Gaucher disease is caused by mutations of a single gene called GBA, which leads to very low levels of glucocerebrosidase enzyme leading to low degradation of glucocerebroside. There are three types of Gaucher disease namely: type 1, type 2, and type 3. Type 1 is the most common type of Gaucher disease while Type 2 and 3 are not as common as type 1.

Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market competition by Top Key Players: Genzyme Corporation, Pfizer, Inc., Shire Human Genetics Therapies, Inc., and Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (acquired by Johnson & Johnson in June 2017). There are various drugs in pipeline of companies such as Lixte Biotechnology Holdings Inc, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Pharming Group NV and Orphazyme ApS, for Gaucher disease treatment.

Get PDF Brochure Of This Research Report @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/1225

Segmentation:

The report has been separated into separate categories, such as product type, application, end-user, and region. Each segment is evaluated based on the CAGR, share and growth potential. In the regional analysis, the report highlights the prospective region, which should generate opportunities in the global Gaucher Disease Treatment market in the years to come. This segmented analysis will surely prove to be a useful tool for readers, stakeholders and market participants to get a full picture of the Gaucher Disease Treatment global market and its growth potential in the years to come.

Analysis Of The Competitive Landscape:

The competitive landscape is an essential aspect that all key players must know. The report highlights the competitive scenario of the Gaucher Disease Treatment global market for competing nationally and globally. Market experts also presented an overview of all major players in the global Gaucher Disease Treatment market, taking into account key aspects such as the areas of operation, production and the product portfolio. In addition, the companies in the report are studied based on key factors such as company size, market share, market growth, revenues, production volume and profits.

Market Scope

The Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Analysis to 2027 is a specialized and in-depth study of theHealthcare industry with a special focus on the global market trend analysis. The report aims to provide an overview of the Gaucher Disease Treatment market with detailed market segmentation by component, product, application, and geography. The global Gaucher Disease Treatment market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the leading Gaucher Disease Treatment market players and offers key trends and opportunities in the market.

Request Sample Copy of Research Report @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/1225

Promising Regions & Countries Mentioned In The Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Report:

Table of Content (TOC):

Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview

Chapter 2 Industry Cost Structure and Economic Impact

Chapter 3 Rising Trends and New Technologies with Major key players

Chapter 4 Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Analysis, Trends, Growth Factor

Chapter 5 Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Application and Business with Potential Analysis

Chapter 6 Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Segment, Type, Application

Chapter 7 Global Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Analysis (by Application, Type, End-User)

Chapter 8 Major Key Vendors Analysis of Gaucher Disease Treatment Market

Chapter 9 Development Trend of Analysis

Chapter 10 Conclusion

LIMITED TIME OFFER Hurry Up!

Get Discount For Buyers UPTO 30% OFF On Any Research Report

Apply Promo Code CMIFIRST1000 And Get Instant Discount Of USD 1000

Ask For Discount Before Purchasing This Business Report @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-discount/1225

Also, Research Report Examines:

Competitive companies and manufacturers in the global marketBy Product Type, Applications & Growth FactorsIndustry Status and Outlook for Major Applications / End Users / Usage Area

Thanks for reading this article; you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report versions like North America, Europe or Asia.

Continued here:
Gaucher Disease Treatment Market Shows Expected Trend to Guide from 2020-2026 with Growth Analysis | Genzyme Corporation, Pfizer, Inc., Shire Human...

Here are some of the most interesting research papers to have appeared in top science journals last week.

(Subscribe to Science For All, our weekly newsletter, where we aim to take the jargon out of science and put the fun in. Click here.)

Published in Nature

Australias duck-billed platypus are the perfect example of weird - they lay eggs, nurse their young ones, are toothless with webbed feet, and most interestingly, have 10 sex chromosomes.

Belonging to an ancient group of mammals called monotremes, platypus have always confused scientists. Now, by mapping the complete genome of the mammal, researchers have answered a few questions about the species. The team explains that they are a mixture of mammals, birds and reptiles and have preserved many of their ancestors original features which help in adapting to the environment they live in.

Published in Nature Plants

One particular type of rice plant grown in Zhejiang,China was found to be resistant to the plant pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. But how and why? Researchers who studied the seed of the plant found that a bacteria called Sphingomonas meloni that lived inside the seed helped the plant gain this resistance. The bacteria produce an acid called anthranilic acid which inhibits the pathogen thus saving the crop.

Published in Nature Methods

Minion device. Credit: https://nanoporetech.com/

Weighing just 450gm and measuring 14cm, Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION device has helped sequence DNA on the go. Now, using special molecular tags, a team from the University of British Columbia has reduced the error rate to less than 0.005%. A beautiful thing about this method is that it is applicable to any gene of interest that can be amplified...it can be very useful in any field where the combination of high-accuracy and long-range genomic information is valuable, such as cancer research, human genetics and microbiome science," writes Ryan Ziels, one of the authors of the study, in a release.

Published in Nature Climate Change

By the late 21st century, the population facing extreme droughts could more than double - from 3% ( from 1976 to 2005) to 8% by 2099. The team notes that this could heighten human migration and conflict. The paper, based on 27 global climate-hydrological model simulations spanning 125 years, also stresses the urgent need for water resources management.

Published in Cell Host & Microbe

Phytoplankton bloom in the Arabian Gulf, Credit: Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC.

Researchers have now found that viruses play an important role in microalgae evolution by whole-genome sequencing 107 different species of microalgae from different ecosystems. They compared the genomes of salt-water (marine) and fresh-water microalgae and found that the marine species contained more viral-origin genes. Sequences from Chlorovirus, Coccolithovirus, Pandoravirus, Marseillevirus, Tupanvirus, and other viruses were found integrated into the genomes of algal from marine environments, notes the paper.

You have reached your limit for free articles this month.

Find mobile-friendly version of articles from the day's newspaper in one easy-to-read list.

Enjoy reading as many articles as you wish without any limitations.

A select list of articles that match your interests and tastes.

Move smoothly between articles as our pages load instantly.

A one-stop-shop for seeing the latest updates, and managing your preferences.

We brief you on the latest and most important developments, three times a day.

Support Quality Journalism.

*Our Digital Subscription plans do not currently include the e-paper, crossword and print.

Original post:
Best from science journals: Why are platypus so weird? - The Hindu

Kathryn Anderson, a developmental biologist at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center known for her work detailing the genetics of early embryogenesis, died November 30 at age 68.

Throughout her scientific career, Anderson used rigorous genetic screening assays to identify mutations suspected of disrupting cell division and differentiation in model systems. Having identified a gene of interest, she would then turn to a technique known as forward genetics, creating model organisms such as fruit flies and mice with a particular phenotype to better understand its molecular underpinnings. Using these tools, Anderson made important contributions to scientists understanding of several genetic pathwaysmost notably the Toll and Hedgehog pathwaysrequired for proper development of these animals.

Kathryn was fearless and very open-minded, Tatiana Omelchenko, a senior research scientist in Andersons lab who uses confocal microscopy to do live imaging of mouse embryos, tells The Scientist. Every lab has its own environment and its own mood, and when you stepped into Kathryns lab, you immediately felt very focused.

Born in La Jolla, California, in 1952, Anderson became interested in science at a young age, stemming back to an article in LIFEthat included a detailed image of a human fetus, according to an interview released shortly after her death. She attended the University of California, Berkeley, where she earned her undergraduate degree in biochemistry before heading to a graduate program in neurodevelopment at Stanford University in 1973.

Anderson left that program after only two years, earning a masters degree in neuroscience, and spent the next several years looking for her scientific niche. She enrolled briefly in medical school at the University of California, San Diego, an experience that led her to realize her love of basic research. The clinical work wasnt my cup of tea, Anderson shared in a 2005 biography. The lab was where I felt most at home.

Ultimately, Anderson landed at the University of California, Los Angeles, studying the developmental genetics of Drosophilaunder the guidance of biologist Judith Lengyel. For her PhD work, Anderson showed that in the first two hours after fertilization, the development of Drosophilaembryos remains under maternal control, with maternal RNA and proteins directing cell division and differentiation within the egg.

Looking to further her study of fruit flies, Anderson next traveled to the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Germany as a postdoc to work with Drosophilageneticist Christiane Nsslein-Volhard. In 1995, Nsslein-Volhard would share a Nobel Prize for her work using mass screenings to identify mutations that disrupt embryonic development, and Anderson would continue studying a handful of the genes identified in these early screens throughout her career.

One such gene, known as Toll, turned out to play an important role in dorsal-ventral (D-V) differentiationdictating, as Anderson said in her biography, how a fly embryo knows its back from its belly. In addition to probing the function of Toll,Anderson continued building out the wider Toll pathway after returning to the University of California, Berkeley, as an assistant professor in 1985, and later in her own lab at the Sloan Kettering Institute, which she launched in 1996 at Memorial Sloan Kettering. During this time, Anderson and her team identified roughly a dozen genes involved in cell differentiation along the D-V axis, and she used similar screening methods to better understand Tolls role in innate immunity of Drosophila. Her findings were noted by geneticists Jules Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler, whose study of Toll-like receptors in both fruit fly and mammalian immunity would later earn them a Nobel Prize.

Kathryn Anderson

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

After her successes in fruit flies, Anderson began thinking about applying her same methods to the study of mice. She spent a year on sabbatical in the lab of Rosa Beddington at the National Institute for Medical Research in the UK, where she showed that Toll had no analogous role in the D-V differentiation of mammals. It demonstrated, she said in a 2016 interview with Development, that there are things about early mammalian development that you cant figure out by extrapolating from flies.

Back at the Sloan Kettering Institute, Anderson began once again using mass genetic screenings, this time to identify mutations of interest in mice, and then studying them in fine detail. These were lengthy experiments that often took years to yield results. I think her major contribution is discovering the functions and roles of genes through this mutagenesis screen, Omelchenko says. This is amazing because . . . the mouse embryo model is quite complex, but she did the work.

Anderson and her team screened more than 12,000 mutations, selecting roughly 40 that produce obvious phenotypic disruptions midway through gestation. Working diligently over many years, Anderson identified previously unknown pathways that have since prompted new research directions in the field of developmental biology.

Through her screening, for example, Anderson identified a previously unknown relationship between ciliamicroscopic, hairlike structures on the outside of some cellsand proper signaling of the Hedgehog pathway that dictates cell differentiation in mammalian embryos. Further research showed that components of this pathway are enriched in cilia, while mice with certain mutations in genes involved in Hedgehog signaling lacked cilia altogether in a structure called the node that directs gastrulation in vertebrate embryos. That turned out to be pretty amazing, actually: theres this whole organelle required for Hedgehog signaling in vertebrates, but not in flies, Anderson said in her Developmentinterview. Its a geneticists dream, but raises the question of why organize the genome like this: there are so many weak points in Hedgehog signalingand Hedgehog is so vital.

For her contributions to the field of developmental biology, Anderson was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences in 2002 and elected as a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies in 2008. In addition, she was awarded the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal for lifetime contributions to the science of genetics in 2012, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biologys Excellence in Science Award in 2014, and the Society for Developmental Biologys Edwin G. Conklin Medal for distinguished and sustained research in 2016, among other honors.

Prior to her death, Anderson had spoken about the possible extension of her research into human genetics, as disruptions in hedgehog signaling have since been linked both to birth defects and to a series of diseases referred to as ciliopathies. It was, however, a line of questioning she planned to leave to other scientists, content to continue her methodical work exploring mutations in mice.

Many scientists are very quiet people, but contemporary society requires you to be very loud [so] that people will listen to you, Omelchenko says. Kathryn is such a great example of being quiet, being a very deep thinker, and at the same time becoming a very successful and bright scientist. I think I will keep learning from her even though she has passed away.

Anderson is survived by her husband, Timothy Bestor, a geneticist at Columbia University.

Read this article:
Developmental Biologist Kathryn Anderson Dies at 68 - The Scientist