Monthly Archives: July 2020

Everton will undergo an evolution this summer, says Carlo Ancelotti – The Independent

Posted: July 25, 2020 at 10:11 am

Everton boss Carlo Ancelotti has promised a summer of evolution rather than revolution as he plots the way forward.

The Toffees will end their latest Premier League campaign against struggling Bournemouth on Sunday knowing they can finish no higher than 11th and no lower than 12th. For a club that has spent heavily in recent years, either will represent a disappointing return.

Ancelotti will head into talks over his summer transfer plans next week with his sights set on a significant improvement, but he is not about to tear up the blueprint and start all over again.

Sharing the full story, not just the headlines

He said: We are going to meet next week and we are going to make a plan for the future. It will be surely an evolution of the club. Everyone want to go to the next step that is to improve.

If this season we are able to finish in 11th position or 12th position, I dont know, but for sure next season, we have to go up, there is no other way.

Carlo Ancelotti hopes to make significant strides this summer(PA)

But with an evolution of the team, putting in better quality, putting in better ambition, putting in better motivation and putting in more passion.

Ancelotti was buoyed by his sides display in victory at Bramall Lane on Monday evening, when Richarlisons lone strike was enough to secure the points.

It was not just the fact of the win but the manner in which it was achieved which gave the Italian cause for confidence that there is something to build on.

He said: The key point was the spirit and the attitude of the players. When the attitude is there, we can have the possibility to show our quality because this team in a lot of games has showed good quality with the ball and without the ball.

But you can show the quality only if the spirit is good and in the last game, the players understood really well what went wrong against Wolves and they tried to learn from that game.

Its the last game of the season. It will be important to try to repeat the same game that we played against Sheffield. We showed a good image and we showed good attitude.

PA

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Everton will undergo an evolution this summer, says Carlo Ancelotti - The Independent

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Cruise control continues to evolve with other trucking tech – Commercial Carrier Journal

Posted: at 10:11 am

Several projects Im currently involved in have me thinking about cruise control. Although this technology has been around for a long time, it does not get much attention. However, it has been quietly evolving, changing its role in recent years and is likely to keep adapting.

Yunsu Park is the Director of Engineering for North American Council for Freight Efficiency.

In the beginning, cruise control had a simple job: maintain a set speed. It was a driver convenience to ease fatigue by removing the need to hold the throttle down for hours on end. Simple to understand and easy to operate, cruise control also had the added benefit of improving fuel consumption for many drivers in most situations. These days we often refer to this system as conventional or basic cruise control.

Cruise control got slightly more sophisticated when additional engine parameters became adjustable. These parameters allowed the driver (or perhaps the fleet) to adjust the speed band above and below the target speed before cruise control took any action to either accelerate or slow the truck. The result was slightly better fuel economy though perhaps at the cost of intuitiveness.

Things started getting more complicated when truck makers began incorporating more technology to make cruise control more fuel efficient going up and down hills. About 10 years ago, truck makers began offering cruise control that took into account what the road is doing.

These systems, called predictive cruise control (PCC), combined maps that were either stored from a previous trip or pre-programmed with the trucks location to adjust speed more efficiently for the terrain. With this change, cruise control became adept at handling more situations and solidified its role as a fuel-efficiency tool.

In the latest iterations, cruise control has become even more sophisticated, complete with names, more acronyms and more capability. Many new trucks now are equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC), a system that can maintain a specified gap to the vehicle in front of it.

The most advanced systems are part of a suite of systems and sensors that detect and track the road and a number of objects in front of and around the truck at all times. While reduced driver fatigue and fuel economy still are benefits of cruise control, the technology is now part of a trucks active safety system. This is confirmed by the fact that several truck OEMs now include ACC and the associated safety systems as standard equipment on their vehicles.

All that is a good thing. Drivers (both the ones in the cab as well as the ones in front of and around the truck) are better off if there are fewer collisions. The evolution of cruise control shows how what started as a relatively simple technology that has been around for a long time can continue to get smarter and better.

And the evolution is likely not done yet.

The role of cruise control may continue to change as we start bringing electric trucks to the road. I had the privilege of participating in the Department of Energys 2020 Annual Merit Review for Vehicle Technologies. One of the projects I reviewed focused on ways to extend the range of an electric truck by modifying the way it is driven.

The logic makes sense. To extend the vehicles range, you can buy 30% more battery which increases cost, weight and charge times, or you can find ways to operate the truck more efficiently to get the same range. Cruise control wasnt specifically mentioned, but it would seem to be a good way to implement that change.

If that happens, it may mean that cruise control has changed its role once again from an important safety device to one critical in allowing a truck to do its job.

Amazing how things can evolve.

Yunsu Park is the Director of Engineering for North American Council for Freight Efficiency (NACFE) and an independent consultant in the trucking industry. He has authored several Confidence Reports for NACFE in addition to the summary report for 2017 Run on Less.

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Should WWE hold another all-women’s Evolution PPV? – Digital Spy

Posted: at 10:11 am

In October 2018, WWE presented Evolution, a landmark pay-per-view that featured only womens matches.

The event was a huge success, with fans praising the show as one of the best pay-per-views of the year.

Then 2019 came and went and there was no Evolution 2. Back in October 2019 Triple H explained to Digital Spy why the event didnt happen that year.

"(2019) has been such a transitional year with WWE that in the process of a lot of things happening like the switch to Fox, NXT going to USA, there's been so many crazy things going on, part of the planning process of those things is us not having the bandwidth to do a few of the things that we would have liked to have done this year," he said.

"(Evolution) is still on the table, still up in the air as to what will happen and what will go down. I think it might be a little bit on a delay from when we would have liked to have done it, just because there's only seven days in a week and 24 hours in the day. There's only so much we can accomplish and have it be done correctly. You don't want to half-ass it."

Now in mid-2020, WWE (and the rest of the world) has found itself in unprecedented circumstances with the coronavirus pandemic leading to empty arena shows held in the Performance Center.

The Womens Division has also lost Ronda Rousey, who brought more mainstream attention to WWE, and also now Becky Lynch, who announced her pregnancy in May.

But despite everything, the womens division has been one of the high points of WWE over the past few months.

Charlotte Flair and Rhea Ripley had one of the best matches at this years WrestleMania, and on weekly television its been Bayley and Sasha Banks who have shone the brightest during the empty arena era.

The storyline between Bayley and Sasha has been one of the most engaging WWE has had in recent months and theyve also produced some of the best matches.

At Extreme Rules Asuka and Sasha had a fantastic match (finish aside) and Sasha proved herself as a ratings draw when she went to NXT earlier this month to face Io Shirai.

And while Sasha, Bayley, Asuka, and Charlotte (though shes currently on hiatus) are leading the womens division, theres also a wealth of female talent in WWE deserving of a bigger spotlight.

Nikki Cross showed what she could really do in the ring when she faced Bayley at Extreme Rules, Naomi has long been deserving of a bigger spotlight, Shayna Baszler is one of most legitimate and unique athletes WWE has, and Sonya Deville has delivered some of the best promos of 2020 and thats just a few examples.

Over on NXT theres names including Io Shirai, Tegan Nox, and Shotzi Blackheart, who are showing that the future of the womens division on Raw and Smackdown is just as bright.

With such an amazing array of female talent in WWE the time seems right for them to pull the trigger on Evolution 2 and frankly, as Bayley said, they should have done it last year.

"I don't know why they didn't do it (last year)," Bayley told Digital Spy earlier this month. "It was such a success the first year and I had such a great time at that show."

Carmella echoed Bayleys sentiment when she told Digital Spy: "I would love to see another one the first one was so much fun and it was groundbreaking, it was just so cool to be a part of it.

"I think finally we're at a point for the women were the things we're doing, its not a big deal anymore, before it was, 'oh my gosh, the women are the main event of SmackDown tonight'.

"And now if the women are the main event, it's not even like we don't even have to discuss it and I think thats just such a cool place to be and Im grateful to be a part of it."

Nia Jax also believes its the right time for another Evolution. "I will never forget the feeling that we had that night, the energy, the empowerment that was going on in the locker room and all of us just cheering each other on," Nia told Digital Spy in June.

"It was incredible, we were able to carry that entire show on our own and I feel as though we're definitely due for another one because new faces are in the mix and I feel like everybody should be able to see what the women are capable of right now."

Of course there is an argument to made about whether the women really need a pay-per-view all to themselves.

Women do now get the chance to main event Raw, Smackdown and pay-per-views. The division has grown so strong that the days of women getting quick matches and short segments on shows are long over.

Speaking to Digital Spy in January, Charlotte Flair explained: "I'm a huge fan of Evolution. But I also think there's something to whether we have an all-female Pay-Per-View or not.

"I'm a firm believer that I want to be on the card with men going, 'I'm going to have the best match.

"So do I want Evolution? Yes, but if it's something that doesn't happen again I'm not opposed to it because I want to go, 'Okay, I had the best match out of any male or female on the roster'."

So what do you think, should WWE hold another Evolution event? Or with the women getting a bigger spotlight week-to-week is an all-female pay-per-view simply not necessary anymore?

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Evolution wins ‘Live Casino Supplier of the Year’ for 11 consecutive years – Yogonet International

Posted: at 10:11 am

E

volution Gaming has again been named Live Casino Supplier of the Year at the EGR B2B Awards 2020, in a remarkable unbroken run of 11 wins since the awards began in 2010.

Evolution beat 12 other shortlisted suppliers to win the Live Casino Supplier accolade on day one of the virtual ceremony held on 21 July.

Speaking after the ceremony, Martin Carlesund, Evolution Group CEO commented: The past 12 months have seen Evolution once again push the boundaries of what is possible in Live Casino. In terms of the way Evolution has continued to develop and introduce ground-breaking new products, it has been a most encouraging year and all despite a very challenging global situation brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Carlesund added: "We introduced a record number of 12 new games this year. Our exclusive and unique game show games portfolio continued to grow with new titles such as Mega Ball and Crazy Time becoming immediate player favorites. We also continued to reinvent classic casino games for the next generation of players, with Lightning Baccarat, Speed Blackjack, and Power Blackjack all joining an already varied and entertaining portfolio of both Live and First Person games."

He concluded: "I know I can speak for everyone at Evolution when I say we are extremely proud to have retained this award. Once again, our people have worked tirelessly to extend our position as the number one Live Casino supplier and to deliver an exceptional Live Casino experience for players. Our licensees, meanwhile, have been extremely loyal and always receptive to innovative new ideas that enrich our whole sector. My sincere thanks to everyone."

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The evolution of the chalet: from rustic lodge to chic retreat – Sydney Morning Herald

Posted: at 10:11 am

When I think of a chalet, my mind goes straight back to the mid-1970s to a bold A-frame design, orange-toned timber, fleece rugs and cheese fondue. Not being a skier myself, the evolution of the chalet from rustic alpine lodge to chic weekend retreat had eluded me until I saw this 2019 project in Thredbo, from Sydneys Briony Fitzgerald Design.

A 2019 project in Thredbo, from Sydneys Briony Fitzgerald Design.Credit:Brigid Arnott

The brief was to create a cosy but elegant space (pictured) for an active and sociable family of five who ski in the winter and mountain-bike and hike during the summer.

The new building has a refined architectural precision, with large windows and an angular design softened by the interior scheme. We responded to the clean lines of the building a dual-level penthouse with handmade tiles, smokey oak veneer joinery, textiles and warm materials such as leather dining chairs and rich velvet upholstery, says Joanna Mitton, senior designer on the project.

The pice de rsistance is undoubtedly the massive, textured living room rug, which is just as much artwork as floor covering. Hand-knotted in Tibet, the rug is tousled and shaggy, like the outside landscape, says Briony Fitzgerald.

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Plaza Midwood’s evolution continues with the transformation of the old post office building – Charlotte Agenda

Posted: at 10:10 am

Plaza Midwoods post office isnt moving, like many old pieces of the neighborhood have in the past few years. But it will soon look much different. The two-story brick building across from Harris Teeter will become four stories, and it will have a sleek new facade and 19,000 square feet of space available for new office and retail tenants.

The building, at 1233 The Plaza, was constructed in 1957 and housed a furniture store in its early days. For years, the second level has sat empty, even as property values skyrocketed in the Plaza Midwood neighborhood.

Early last year, the property changed hands. Property records show that the longtime owner, Perry Brothers Investments, LLC, sold the sold the building in January 2019 for $3.4 million to a real estate investment company, Sors, LLC.

The adaptive reuse project will give the property a fresh look, says Sink Kimmel of the The Selwyn Property Group, the local firm handling the leasing. Steel framing will go up around the existing structure, and crews will add third and fourth floors, each roughly 6,500 square feet. The property will have 33 parking spaces. The post office will remain on the ground floor, and its open during construction.

Plaza Midwood doesnt have a huge number of office tenants like other booming neighborhoods such as South End do. Thats why this building could be a good fit for office users, but Kimmels group is looking for retailers, too.

The top floor could make for a very cool evening oriented restaurant/bar/entertainment venue, Kimmel says. It just all depends on demand.

The makeover of the old post office building comes amid a rapid evolution of Plaza Midwood, a neighborhood long known for its character and affection for small local businesses.

Down the street, developer Crosland Southeast plans to overhaul the 12-acre Central Square property to make way for apartments, green space, offices, and retail buildings. The Midwood Corners property, home to tenants like Ritas and a used book store, will eventually be redeveloped. Asana Partners is renovating an old antique store on Central to make way for new restaurant and retail tenants. The family-run development group that built the Franklin Hotel in Chapel Hill is planning an independent hotel on Central where Kickstand Burger Bar used to be.

Plaza Midwood is just going bonkers, Kimmel says.

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Sanja Ivekovi and the evolution of Yugoslav feminism – Emerging Europe

Posted: at 10:10 am

Second-wave feminism is often misconstrued as an American-centric movement, yet its ideals of emancipation spread far wider and deeper. This is particularly true of Yugoslavia, where the 1970s and 1980s saw many female activists and artists ignite a necessary dialogue on womens place within socialist society.

One of the first and most prominent figures of Yugoslavian feminism was artist Sanja Ivekovi, whose work pertains to the complexities of patriarchal consumerism, beauty ideals, and nationalism, and has relevance far beyond the Yugoslav context.

Ivekovi was born in Zagreb in 1949 and studied fine art at the citys academy, graduating in 1971. She went on to begin her career as an artist, joining the post-1968 generation of Yugoslav artists who benefitted from more artistic freedom than their more eastern neighbours, allowing a more feminist critical commentary to flourish although there will still limits.

For Ivekovi, the personal is political, and themes of gender roles and identity were at the forefront of much of her work. Yet feminism occupied an entirely different space within the Yugoslav context when compared with the west, particularly the US.

For some historians, what is known as the double burden, the role of having to be both the housewife and have a career, become a triple burden with the addition of being a socialist participant in the state. To make matters worse, under socialism, everyone was perceived as equal, regardless of whether they really were, hence movements like feminism were seen by the state as redundant.

And while Yugoslavia was progressive in terms of education, abortion, and divorce rights, misogyny still penetrated deeply in society. In some ways, the blindness to this oppression actually accentuated it.

Women were not sufficiently represented in politics and the state failed to accommodate basic needs. Author Slavenka Drakuli vividly illustrates this in her novel, How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed, as she remembers how period products such as tampons were not provided for, which is especially ironic for a socialist state. In the seventy years of its existence it couldnt fulfill the basic needs of half the population, she writes.

Moreover, while many feminists in the west saw products like make-up and high-heels as oppressive measures to fulfill patriarchal beauty standards, their shortage in Yugoslavia made them a means of expression.

When Ms Drakuli met with western European feminists in 1978, she recalls:we thought they were too radicalwhen they talked about wearing high-heeled shoes as a sign of womens subordination. I remember how we gossiped about their greasy hair, no bra, no make-up.

Interestingly, this highlights the shortcomings of western feminism at the time, that failed to account for the multiplicity of womens struggles. Many western feminists looked down on the socialist movement, yet this west-east misreading highlights its complexities and the failure of the west to concede that women can both appeal to conventional beauty standards and be unconventionally feminist.

Nevertheless, there were of course universalities. Consumerist mentalities were seeping into Yugoslavia too, where beauty standards were sold through the manufacturing of womens flaws.

Ivekovis, 1976 work instructions no.1 or instrukcije br. 1, deconstructed this phenomenon. In her short film, Ivekovi stares into the camera and methodically draws arrows on her face in black ink, evocative of pre-plastic surgery markings. In doing so, she mocks the how-to nature of advertisements, refuting make-ups ritualistic application. Here, the markings become a kind of war-paint against unrealistic beauty ideals where the face has been turned into an instruction manual, a thing to that must be bettered. At the end of the video, she rubs these markings in, making her face dirty and distorted, an ironic reflection of the markings of beauty expectations communicated against the iconography of women in advertising.

Here, the marketing of beauty products, that is only successful through point out flaws is reflected. Instead, the marketing and pressure itself becomes a flaw.

Ironically, the idea of adhering to these beauty standards, as sold by consumerism in Yugoslavia became a damned if you do, damned if you dont situation, and arguably still is globally.

In much of Ivekovis work, she places herself within the art, a powerful mechanism for commentary. As explained by art historian Jo Anne Isaak, critical distance can lead to a sense of complicity within patriarchal relations, rather than a refusal of. Instead, when the artist makes herself the subject, she explores the complexities of gender roles from an internal perspective, where she is not waving, but drowning. Rather than denouncing the models from the outside, she denounces the constructs from within.

After the fall of Yugoslavia, the wars of the 1990s steered women towards nation-building, where their role was subsumed within a broader nationalist narrative. Further moves towards more conservative governments instilled a guilt around the socialists progressive policies, and things like abortion rights were partially rolled back. Ironically, capitalisms full incorporation within the former Yugoslavia worked in reverse for many women.

Ultimately, whether socialism tried to erase the need for feminism, or capitalism tried to control and restrict it to consumerism and exploitation, both fell short of achieving womens emancipation. Despite ideologies saying that issues will melt away when they are fully achieved, this cannot happen if the ideologies never account for minorities in the first place.

In her later years, Ivekovis feminism has taken on a broader and more all-encompassing form, where these minorities go beyond the feminine. In an interview with MOMA, she expresses that feminism and its surrounding discourse, her art included, needs to move beyond dealing with just women. Instead, intersectionality is key. In my work, I have always wanted to deal with real problems in society, no matter whether they are about the position of women or the Roma people, marginalised workers and all the other others. I always try to critically reflect my own position, my role in the art system as well as what happens to me as a citizen, she explains.

I think that the strength of the artistic act is not only to reflect social reality but to actively participate in the creation of the collective and social imaginary. It is the role of the artist to find each time a new model to deal with the difficult issues, one which enables the viewer to reflect upon contemporary society and to rethink his or her place in it.

This approach is reflected in her 2002 collaborative work with the family planning group Womens House, Sunglasses. The work still deeply criticises advertising imagery, yet takes on an additional pertinence. Using Prada advertisements of sunglasses, images of models are appropriated with small pieces of text that recount a name and personal details of domestic abuse. In doing so, the original advertisement image takes on an entirely different role, where sunglasses are no longer a fashion accessory, but expose the societal disregard for gender violence, playing on what is seen and what is hidden.

It is artists like Ivekovi, whose work dissects the grit and depths of the patriarchy, that make the continuation of feminism possible, and one that moves with the times, both in the former Yugoslavia, and more broadly. As third-wave feminism highlights the western shortfalls of a white, middle-class movement, work that challenges the beauty norm for all its intersectional lacunas is paramount.

Top photo:Sanja Ivekovi in 2002, photographed by Franois Besch.

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Eliminating the aviation industry’s CO2 emissions: evolution or revolution? – Flightglobal

Posted: at 10:10 am

For the aviation industry to substantially reduce or eliminate its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, it will take a revolution in aircraft propulsion technology. However, near-term reductions in airliner emissions will likely take a more evolutionary approach that relies on augmenting existing technologies.

That is the conclusion reached by a group of aerospace technology experts brought together by FlightGlobal during the FIA Connect virtual Farnborough air show. The webinar was presented in association with Raytheon Technologies.

Reducing CO2 emissions will not be done witheither/or choices, saysFrank Preli,Pratt & Whitney vice-president for propulsion and materials.There are, says Preli, near-term options for improving emissions and these need to be pursued.

He notes that evolutionary changes to jet engines have reduced fuel burn 70% since the days of the Boeing 707. Longer term, he says, more revolutionary solutions involving new fuels including hydrogen and combustion cycles may prove effective, but they are inherently higher risk if they require a new way of integrating the powerplant with the aircraft or demand dedicated infrastructure, so will only come to fruition with more commitment from more parties.

MikeMekhiche,Rolls-Royces deputy director for electrics, agrees. He stresses: Its going to take both.

On the progression to sustainable flying, hydrocarbon fuels will remain predominant for the foreseeable future, so it is critical that Rolls-Royce and other industry leaders continue working to improve todays principal technology, saysMekhiche.

But, he notes, alternative fuels are already in testing, and a medium-term approach to the emissions issue is to increase the proportion of alternative fuels in the mix with standard jet fuel.

Lastly, he says, will come electrification - which will be the revolution.

Still, there could be another approach, says Gene Holloway, chief sustainability officer at supersonic business jet developer Aerion. His companys plan is to be carbon neutral: We see it as a counterbalancing.

Aerion intends to offset emissions from its aircraft by seeking reductions elsewhere, including through a focus on carbon capture and storage. Holloway points to Aerions recent tie-up with Carbon Engineering, a Canadian company developing a synthetic fuel derived from CO2 pulled out of the atmosphere.

CO2 removed from the atmosphere could either be turned into jet fuel or, notes Holloway, it could simply be stored, offsetting CO2 generated by combustion of standard hydrocarbon fuel. But ultimately, he says, Aerions 30- to 40-year strategic plan is to move away from hydrocarbons and to fly on 100% synthetic fuel.

Henrik Runnemalm, vice president of engine systems at GKN Aerospace Engine Systems, adds that the quandary faced by aerospace companies is to deliver solutions which are effective, safe, competitive and socially acceptable - all at once. We see that impact right now, we are affected heavily by whats happening around us. Thats an element we also have to bear with us as we come up with solutions.

Experts agree the industrys ultimate goal is to develop large, electric-powered commercial jets.

But getting there will require the sector pursue two tracks: developing small, all-electric aircraft, while also equipping turbine-powered airliners with additional electric systems.

Theres two parallel paths, says R-Rs Mekhiche. Theres the all-electric path and theres the hybrid path.

Developing small all-electric aircraft perhaps passenger-carrying vertical take-off and landing types, or small fixed-wing designs will de-risk and prepare electric technologies for broader application, he says.

Such aircraft will help establish a global model to sustain those products in the field and demonstrate value, Mekhiche adds.

Meanwhile, aerospace companies can increasingly equip big jets with additional electric systems the hybrid approach.

Such systems can include second power sources to supplement turbofans. Or, making a more-electric engine that then provides enough electric power to electrify secondary functions such as environmental control systems, Mekhiche says. Working these two in parallel is key.

P&W has studied similar improvements.What if I put a motor generator on each spool? says P&WsPreli. I can start to alter how I operate that engine, to either make it more efficient, or to give it better surge margin, or to reduce some of the complexity in the compressor.

Several of the experts believe smaller companies and start-ups will be prime drivers of next-generation technologies.

You have to have these very disruptive entrants to help upset the apple cart To get to the next stage, says Aerions Holloway.

For an old business, its really important to be open and collaborative with both academics and smaller companies coming [with] new ideas, adds GKNs Runnemalm.

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A Drones Eye View of Rights and Legal Remedies – JD Supra

Posted: at 10:10 am

[co-author: David Wright]

Have you ever been startled by the buzzing sound of a passing swarm of angry mechanical bees as you work from home? Have you ever looked out your window and noticed an agile device zipping through your property? If so, drones might be aversely affecting your lifestyle. These little devices once only lived in the imaginations of science fiction writers, but nowadays, they are popular gadgets that many parents routinely buy for their kids during Christmas. The popularity of drones has exploded due to cheaper production costs, advancements in camera and wireless technologies, and the appeal of high-quality birds-eye view footage popularized by aspiring vloggers looking to create impressive visual content. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has further fueled drone popularity due to their potential in the context of robotic delivery services. However, despite its advantages, drone technology poses a significant threat to property and privacy rights; luckily, the law offers several grounds to obtain legal remedies if such rights are infringed.

Drone operators must follow established guidelines that regulate drone activity. Under the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 ( FAA Act) 349, recreational drone operators must fly their drones at or below 400 feet above ground, register them with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), mark them with an FAA-issued registration number, and only fly their drones for recreational purposes, among other requirements. Commercial drone operators must follow 14 C.F.R. 107, which also imposes a 400-feet height limit and imposes the same registration and marking requirements, but the regulation further requires a commercial drone operator to obtain an FAA-certified remote pilot certificate. Additionally, all drone operators must comply with 357 of the FAA Act, which requires operators to conduct drone operations in a manner that respects and protects personal privacy consistent with existing laws.

Given the paucity of caselaw further defining the contours and applications of relevant sections of the FAA Act, those facing a drone issue might wish to bring additional claims utilizing established property law concepts.

First, if a drone flies over (or through) your property, you might wish to establish a trespass claim, but how high do your property rights extend above the ground? Long ago, when a levitating eye in the sky would have been an act of sorcery, the antiquated English law concept of ad coelum et ad inferos (which literally translates to from heaven to hell) established that every inch of space above and below your land belonged to you. However, with advancements in aviation and space technologies, ad coelum et ad inferos has lost its legal potency and new laws and cases have failed to provide a definite answer regarding your air rights. Some cases have only provided loose legal rules. For example, in United States v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256 (1946), a chicken farmer sued the federal government for flying military aircraft at low altitudes above his property. The aircrafts noise and bright lights would cause his chickens to die from flying into the barn walls out of fright. In its ruling, the Supreme Court confirmed that the federal government took an easement under the meaning of the Fifth Amendment, and stated that the landowner owns at least as much of the space above the ground as he can occupy or use in connection with the land. Id. at 264. This ruling has served as the backbone for future cases discussing air rights, but the ruling is nonetheless nebulous. Does a property owner who planted tall trees in their yard own more air space than a property owner who owns an open plot? Both caselaw and federal regulations do not provide a definite answer.

Second, another remedy might be achieved by establishing a private nuisance claim. The nuisance would most likely be the loud, and difficult to ignore, whizzing sound created by a drones propellers. Such a sound arguably interferes with your enjoyment and use of property and the interference could be viewed as substantial and unreasonable. A court would apply an ordinary person test to determine whether the noise is a substantial and unreasonable interferenceso repeated (or sustained) drone whizzing during the workday would lead to a much stronger claim than an occasional interference over the weekend.

Privacy law might prove better recourse in the face of camera-equipped drones (a common feature of most drones). In fact, some states have already enacted legislation specifically addressing privacy issues arising from drone technology. In California, Civil Code 1708.08 prevents the use of drones to collect visual imagery, sound recordings, or other physical impressions of persons without consent. Florida adopted Criminal Code 934.50, which forbids a person or state agency from equipping drones with imaging devices to record privately owned real property to conduct surveillance in violation of a persons reasonable expectation of privacy.

Some people might be tempted to take the law into their own hands and shoot down an invading drone, but such an approach carries a high level of risk for the property owner and may lead to civil and criminal liability. Under federal law, willfully shooting down an aircraft (including drones) is a felony that may lead to imprisonment (18 U.S.C. 32)not to mention other potential liability tied to discharging a firearm into the sky. Furthermore, the drone operator could sue the property owner under state tort law and claim damages for the value of the drone and its payload. In response, a property owner would likely have to utilize legal theories like the Castle Doctrine, to the extent such defenses are available, to argue that they acted to protect themselves or their property and their response was proportional to the threat.

Of course, the best way to deal with your neighbors kid flying his new toy around without restraint is to knock on your neighbors door and ask the adults to step in. (One hopes this strategy works when the drone operator is an adult.) However, if you otherwise suspect malicious intent behind drones that routinely visit your house or use your yard as a thoroughfare, a call to the police can help identify the drones owner so that you can potentially utilize the above legal remedies to obtain civil relief.

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A Drones Eye View of Rights and Legal Remedies - JD Supra

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How likely it is that Prince George will see the throne – Insider – INSIDER

Posted: at 10:10 am

Britain's Prince George is just 7 years old, and yet he is third in line to become monarch after Prince Charles and Prince William respectively.

The line of succession is regulated through descent and Parliamentary statute, according to the royal family's official website.

George known by his formal title Prince George of Cambridge is the great-grandson of Queen Elizabeth II, and son of the Duke of Cambridge.

When the Queen dies, Charles will become king. That is unless he abdicates, in which case the throne would go to his eldest son, William.

Therefore George, being the eldest of the three Cambridge children, will be first in line when his father is king.

But the likelihood of that exact scenario playing out is dependent on a number of factors.

If either William or Charles were to pass away before Queen Elizabeth's reign was over, this wouldn't decrease George's likelihood of becoming king.

"There is nothing to prevent William becoming king, other than his own premature death," Robert Hazell, a professor of government and the constitution at the University College London, previously told Insider.

Prince Charles with his sons Prince William and Prince Harry. Getty Images

In the unlikely scenario that 71-year-old Charles outlives his son, Prince Harry wouldn't take William's place in the line of succession. The spot would automatically go to Prince George, and then subsequently to his children if he had them.

If he didn't have children, Princess Charlotte would be next in line, followed by Prince Louis. This is due to The Succession to the Crown Act (2013) which means royal males born after 2011 do not automatically overtake their sisters in the line of succession like they used to.

"If William were to die before Charles, then on the death of Charles, Prince George would become king," Hazell said.

Nonetheless, this is all dependent on whether George actually wants to become the next monarch or whether he wants to be a working royal at all.

The last monarch to abdicate was Edward VIII, who ruled Britain for almost a year from January until December 1936, when he proposed to American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Since Edward didn't have children, the throne was passed to his younger brother, George VI (father of our current Queen, Elizabeth II).

Of course, the monarchy has evolved since then, and George's position wouldn't be affected by his choice of life partner.

Nonetheless, he could still choose to abdicate for other reasons.

Just as Meghan Markle and Prince Harry stepped back from royal duties to pursue financial independence for themselves and their son Archie, George will have the option to do the same if he so desires.

Read more:

Prince George turns 7: The best photo from every year of the future king's life

8 royals who rejected their titles, and the surprising reasons why

How likely it is that Prince William will see the throne

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How likely it is that Prince George will see the throne - Insider - INSIDER

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