Daily Archives: August 14, 2017

In the Future, Humans Will Use Brain to Brain Communication and Download Their Memories If Elon Musk Has His Way – Newsweek

Posted: August 14, 2017 at 12:23 pm

Elon Musk wants to get inside your head. In April, the Silicon Valley billionaire announced plans to launch Neuralinka company dedicated to developing a brain-to-machine interface to cure brain ailments like paralysis and memory problems and help people compete with robots when the artificial intelligence revolution makes human brains obsolete. Musk says this will be accomplished by implanting tiny electrodes into the brainallowing for things like downloading and uploading memory and casual brain-to-brain communication.

Leaders in the neurotechnology field welcome Musks arrival, while neuroethicists and others urge caution. The endeavor may sound like science fiction, but its feasible, says Timothy Deer, president of the International Neuromodulation Society, a nonprofit group of researchers and developers dedicated to using spinal cord stimulation to treat neurological pain. The cochlear implant was invented 20 years ago, and with electricity and the right frequencies targeting the brain, it allows people to hear, he says. That sounded impossible back then. And great gains require great brains, Deer says. Ben Franklin didnt know how to harness electricity, but he and others knew it was the key to something. Now, we know how to use electricity in very specific ways. Its exciting to see how Mr. Musk might change how we think.

Humans have been trying to mess with their brain waves to solve diseases since ancient times: The Romans and Greeks used to put electric fish on top of their heads to relieve pain, says Ana Maiques, CEO of Neuroelectrics, a company that develops noninvasive wireless brain monitoring and stimulation technologies.

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Elon Musk, chairman and chief executive officer of Tesla Motors Inc., gestures as he speaks during a news conference in Fremont, California, on September 29, 2015. David Paul Morris/Bloomberg/Getty

Maiques is happy Musk has entered the neurotech field. With new technologies, including artificial intelligence, there is a lot of room for startups and new companies, she says.

Jennifer French, co-founder and executive director of Neurotech Network, a nonprofit that advocates for and educates the public about implantable technology, says investments in neuroscience and neurotechnology from the Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative started by the Obama administration have been critical in exploring the brains mysteries.

Zack Lynch, founder of Neurotechnology Industry Organization, a global trade association representing companies involved in neuroscience and brain research, says, The [human] brain is the most complicated organ on the planet. The neurotechnology industry produces $165 billion in yearly revenue, he says, but 90 percent of that revenue comes from pharmaceuticals for neurological disorders like Lou Gehrig's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Annual revenue from neurological devices is about $10 billion.

If Musk is successful, he will run into a swamp of ethical issues. Neuroscience raises questions about technology, art, entertainment, warfare, religion and what it means to be human, Lynch says. And these considerations will be difficult to address in the short term, says Peter Reiner, professor and co-founder of the National Core for Neuroethics. Most important is privacy of thought. When a computer is hooked up to me and knows what Im thinking, that becomes a very challenging area to navigate. Another issue is what Reiner calls reason bypassing. If a device can influence your brain without you perceiving it, are you really making your decisions? He believes society already faces these questions with smartphones: Advertisers are collecting information about users based on their browsing habits and then using that data to try to change their behavior.

Daniel Wilson, a best-selling author and robotics engineer, considers these ethical issues in his novel Amped, which predicts that neurotechnology will cure people with mental disabilities and eventually help them leapfrog beyond human ability. The amplified humans known as amps are then discriminated against because the public fears their abilities.

Wilson believes brain-to-machine interfaces will become common, but that they will not diminish the humanity of their users. People often look at human creations, and we call them unnatural, Wilson says. But from my perspective, theres nothing more natural than a human being creating a tool. Birds nests or anything animals do instinctively always seems natural, but we consider it unnatural when a human uses a tool. Thats the most natural thing that a human can do. To put that tool in our bodies is a completely natural extension of what weve been doing for millennia.

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In the Future, Humans Will Use Brain to Brain Communication and Download Their Memories If Elon Musk Has His Way - Newsweek

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Anthera’s late-stage study of Sollpura to be included in European CF network; shares ahead 9% premarket – Seeking Alpha

Posted: at 12:22 pm

Thinly traded nano cap Anthera Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:ANTH) is up9%premarket on increased volume in response to its announcement that its Phase 3 RESULT study assessing Sollpura (liprotamase) for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis has been approved by the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Clinical Trial Network Executive Committee, a decision that should expedite patient recruitment.

Top-line are expected as early as year-end.

Sollpurais a non-porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) containing a proprietary engineered cross-linked formulation of crystalline lipase, crystalline protease and amorphous amylase. The company says its solubility and stability offers a more patient-friendly alternative for those who cannot swallow multiple pills or require gastric tubes in order to maintain their nutritional health.

Previously: Anthera's Sollpura on par with Pancreaze in extension phase of late-stage study in certain CF patients; shares ahead 9% after hours (March 29)

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Anthera's late-stage study of Sollpura to be included in European CF network; shares ahead 9% premarket - Seeking Alpha

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New Canyon Inflite CF SLX revisits the cyclocross bike … – Cycling Weekly

Posted: at 12:22 pm

Kinked top tube, integrated cockpit and 650b wheels on smaller sizes on Canyons carbon cyclocross race machine

For the new Canyon Inflite CF SLX carbon cyclocross race bike, launched today, Canyon has developed new solutions to some of the most basic needs of cross racers.

Making the bike easy to carry is a fundamental requirement for cyclocross. Its particularly important for smaller frame sizes, where shouldering space can be limited with a sloping top tube design. Thats why many cyclocross bikes come with horizontal top tubes.

Inflite CF SLXs kinked top tube makes for easy shouldering while adding free seatpost length

But a longer seatpost improves ride quality and handling over bumpy terrain, allowing you to race faster. To add shoulder room while increasing the free length of the seatpost by up to 110mm, Canyon has designed a bend in the top tube. The Inflite CF SLX was developed for racing and its kinked top tube design is UCI legal.

The seatpost is secured by a wedge under the front side of the top tube junction, so adding around 15% extra flex and reducing weight over a conventional seatpost clamp. This patented design lets Canyon keep the top tube horizontal for a gain in shoulder room of up to 37mm over a sloping tube design. Its already received a 2017 RedDot award.

Seatpost is clamped from the underside of the frame theres a rubber bung to stop muck ingress

There is also plenty of wheel clearance: with 33mm tyres, theres more than 9mm clearance and you could easily fit tyres up to 40mm. There are also mud shedding features like a sloping top edge to the drive side chainstay.

>>> Cycling Weekly Adventure Cross series

Cable runs are fully enclosed and their entry and exit points are sealed, as is the seatpost/seat tube junction and the seatpost clamp. Wheels run on 12mm thru-axles with removable levers and there are two sets of bottle bosses. The headset bearings are an untapered 1 inch top and bottom for added steerer rigidity.

Non-tapered 1 inch headset bearings add rigidity

The Inflite CF SLX has a claimed frame weight of 940g and a complete frameset weight of under 1300g for a size M. Canyon says its used its in-house CT scanner to ensure that frame wall thickness is optimised and to examine the results of its stress tests, which have included simulated jumps and remounts.

>>> Six best cyclocross bikes for 2017: a buyers guide

The Inflite CF SLX comes with Canyons new H31 Ergocockpit CF. A single piece carbon fibre bar and stem, Canyon says that this adds stiffness, is lighter than a conventional bar-stem set-up and is also more compliant.

Single piece bar-stem comes with a short reach and backward curved aero bar tops

The bars also have a shorter stem length and are wider than a conventional set-up. Borrowed from mountain bikes, this geometry leads to sharper, more accurate handling. Its a trend were seeing on gravel bikes too.

Equivalent stem lengths on the Inflite are frame size specific and range from 70mm up to 110mm, while bar width increases with frame size from 400mm up to 460mm.

Theres a six degree backward sweep to the bar tops and an ovalised aero section which helps distribute hand pressure. This also shortens the bar reach. Theres a three degree flare to the drops for better control and comfort.

Theres plenty of tyre clearance note the pointed chainstay top to reduce mud build-up

Canyon has designed the Inflite CF SLX to be compatible with both single and two ring options, and offers bikes with both in the range. Its single ring bikes come with a 13g chain catcher mounted in place of the front mech.

The single ring bikes come with Quarq Prime chainsets. These allow you to fit a Quarq DZero power meter, without needing to change the cranks.

Canyon offers the Inflite CF SLX in eight sizes, from 3XS with a top tube length of 501mm up to 2XL with a 617mm top tube. Rather than try to fit 700c wheels into its smaller sizes, the 3XS and 2XS come with 650b wheels. Canyon fits 650b wheels on smaller sizes in its new womens road bike range too.

3XS and 2XS frame sizes come with 650b wheels

650b wheels allow Canyon to keep the frame geometry and trail short for sharp handling, without toe overlap becoming a problem. Chainstay length is decreased to 415mm from the 425mm on 700c variants. Canyon says its smallest frame will fit riders of 152cm in height.

>>> 15 year old tyres used to win Cyclocross World Championship

Canyon also specs shorter stems and narrower bars on its smaller sizes, with five different bar sizes across the size range. And whereas the smallest frames have 140mm brake rotors front and rear, larger bikes switch to 160 front and 140 rear, with the XL and 2XL bikes getting two 160mm rotors. In addition crank length increases from 165mm up to 175mm as frame size increases.

Canyons new cross bikes will be offered in three specification levels.

First up is the 2499 ($2749, EUR2799) Inflite CF SLX 8.0 Pro Race. This comes with a SRAM Rival 1 groupset with 40, 11-36 ratios, a Quarq Prime chainset and a mid cage mech. You get DT Swiss CR1600 Spline DB tubeless ready alloy clinchers with Schwalbe X-One 33mm tyres. The Canyon carbon Ergocockpit is included and theres a Selle Italia SLS saddle on Canyons 27.2mm carbon seatpost. Claimed weight is 8.1kg.

Canyon fits Quarq single ring chainsets on two models, to which you can fit a DZero power meter

The mid-range Inflite CF SLX 9.0 comes with a Shimano Ultegra drivetrain with a Rotor 3D30 chainset. Gear ratio are 46/36, 11-30. Again, the wheels are DT Swiss CR1600 Spline DB with Schwalbe X-One tyres, while the saddle gets an upgrade to a Selle Italia SLR Lite. Claimed weight is 7.9kg and price is 2899 ($3149, EUR 3199).

Top of the tree is the 3599 ($3899, EUR 3999) Inflite CF SLX 9.0 Pro race. With a claimed weight of 7.6kg, this comes with SRAM Force 1 and a Quarq Prime Carbon chainset with 40, 11-36 ratios. Wheels are carbon Reynolds Assault LE Disc and the saddle is a Selle Italia SLR Lite.

You can also buy an Inflite CF SLX frameset for 1799 ($1949, EUR 1999).

We rode the Inflite CF SLX through the sandy woods around Zonhoven in Belgium, scene of the Superprestige cyclocross race coming up on October 15. Heres Canyons launch video shot in the area, including its famous De Kuil sandpit.

Its a bike that feels very nimble over and around obstacles. Its light weight helps with shouldering and means that the bike accelerates well.

>>> Guide to racing cyclocross

I liked the Ergocockpit, the wide tops and flared bars helping with handling and hand pressure distribution when riding over roots and uneven ground. The backward sweep made for a comfortable hand position too.

Inflite CF SLX handles tricky course features well

Were fans of SRAM 1 groupsets for cyclocross here at Cycling Weekly and Canyons set-up and ratio choice worked well, although the chain catcher is prone to rub if you start to collect mud or sand during a race.

>>> Icons of cycling: Three Peaks Cyclocross

All-in-all the Inflite CF SLX is an impressive new entrant to the cyclocross world, with an innovative design, competitive spec and top flight racing credentials thats up with the best crossers weve ridden.

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Another motive To buy these stock: CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (CF), Hologic, Inc. (HOLX) – StockNewsJournal

Posted: at 12:22 pm

Another motive To buy these stock: CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (CF), Hologic, Inc. (HOLX)
StockNewsJournal
CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:CF) market capitalization at present is $7.17B at the rate of $30.51 a share. The firm's price-to-sales ratio was noted 1.92 in contrast with an overall industry average of 3.68. Most of the active traders and ...

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Another motive To buy these stock: CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (CF), Hologic, Inc. (HOLX) - StockNewsJournal

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Vertex Pharmaceuticals May Be Turning Some Major Corners – Seeking Alpha

Posted: at 12:22 pm

Introduction - Rationale for the article

One of the several smaller but commercial-sized biotechs that has been around for decades but is yet to truly emerge as a profitable enterprise, Vertex Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:VRTX), is a $37 billion market cap stock. It was one of the early rational drug design companies. With 96% of the shares held by institutions, the public is apparently little involved in trading the stock. However, there are close to 20,000 Seeking Alpha members who have VRTX on a watch list, and certainly many others who follow it, at least from time to time, consistent with the sophistication of Seeking Alpha members.

One of the problems following VRTX is that the terminology used for the disease it specializes in developing drugs for - cystic fibrosis, or CF - is complicated to the point of being inscrutable without special training.

It is hoped that this brief piece may organize and clarify certain technical matters about CF as well as regarding the large and somewhat confusing pipeline that VRTX has amassed. Links to helpful documents and slides are provided that, it is hoped, will be accessible to a general readership.

Introduction to CF

This is a genetic disease. Almost always, neither parent will have CF and will instead be of average health. Thus, CF is a sporadic, seemingly random disease. Per the NIH, the disease occurs in 1 in 2,500 to 3,500 white newborns. Cystic fibrosis is less common in other ethnic groups, affecting about 1 in 17,000 African Americans and 1 in 31,000 Asian Americans.

The clinical hallmarks are most notable in lung function and susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal problems. Cases of CF range from severe to (rarely) mild; some cases are pulmonary-predominant and others have GI-pancreas symptoms more prominent. The simple, accurate test for CF is to measure the amount of an ion, chloride, in the person's sweat. If this is elevated above a certain level and appropriate symptoms exist, CF is generally present. This is the "sweat test" or "chloride sweat test" that you may see if you get into the VRTX and CF literature.

Patients with CF produce abnormally thick fluid in the lungs. Normally, thin mucus or fluid is produced deep in the lungs and swept upward toward the throat, thus clearing germs and particles away from the deepest parts of the lungs. With CF, the mucus or airway fluid is too thick; this is believed to be a key reason for the susceptibility to lung infections, both pneumonia and bronchitis in this disease. Pulmonary problems as well as nutritional insufficiency lead to a diminished quality of life and typically a much shortened life span, especially before the quality of treatment improved in recent decades.

When VRTX tests a drug to ameliorate CF, it measures how much air a CF patient can exhale in one second. This is the FEV1 test, which stands for forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Sometimes this is written as ppFEV1. The higher the FEV1, the better the response to the drug.

Among the secondary endpoints other than additional pulmonary metrics are both general quality of life and weight gain, which is usually desirable in CF patients given their digestive problems.

Some technical details about CF

The specific defect causing CF arises when both parents transmit a mutant CF gene (or allele) to their child; this gene is located on chromosome 7. This mutation leads to inadequate numbers and/or inadequate function of a protein called CFTR (see below for details on CFTR, which is a term used both for the CF gene and for the protein itself).

There are numerous different types of mutations found in CF. Each mutation has a name, which VRTX tends to include in its regulatory filing and press releases, but the specific names do not need attention from investors. What matters most is how many new cases are now eligible for treatment with a VRTX drug.

As an example, on slide 4 of the PowerPoint presentation accompanying the Q2 earnings release, VRTX refers to F508del, a common mutation in CF. This is also called F508 delta. A difficult and common form of CF to treat is one where each parent contributes the same allele, each the F508del mutation. In this case, the CF patient is designated as having the F508del/F508del type. This designation is shown in both the first and the second boxes in that diagram as an important treatment class.

An even more difficult CF type for drug treatment is one where one allele is F508del and the other causes minimal function of the malfunctioning protein. This is called F508del/min. There are also different CFTR types of malfunction which are called "residual function" defects, and VRTX calls the appropriate ones residual function/F508del (or related terms).

These classifications are especially useful to investors in thinking about the market opportunity for VRTX in CF and in assessing its pipeline.

Perhaps the most important point is that if one is studying VRTX, having an understanding of what the company is talking about can demystify the situation enough to allow a focus on the profit opportunity down the road.

Details on CFTR (more technical)

VRTX's marketed and major pipeline drugs have the -caftor suffix unless they are not yet listed by name. This naming is done because the protein that is lacking and/or defective in CF is the cystic fibrosis transmembrance conductance regulator. So, C F T R made into a chemical suffix was turned into caftor.

The CFTR gene contains the code for the CFTR protein. Defects within the spectrum of CF include the CFTR protein:

The CFTR protein plays an important role in regulating fluid balance emanating from epithelial cells. In CF, basically what ends up happening is that sodium is reabsorbed excessively, and sodium carries water with it. This leads to inadequate water content in mucus, thickening it and causing various sorts of damage to pancreatic and other ducts, digestion in the GI tract, and issues with the lungs (and other functions). At the same time, chloride is not reabsorbed properly, leading to high chloride levels in sweat that is a convenient marker of CF.

Because this defect affects epithelial cells in general, CF is a multi-systemic disease.

Introduction to VRTX's marketed drug products for CF: Royalties

Years ago, the company licensed promising caftors from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. I seem to remember a 10% royalty rate on drugs that made it to the market, but this is what VRTX says about the arrangement as it exists now in its Q2 10-Q (p. 11):

The Company has a research, development and commercialization agreement with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated ("CFFT") that was originally entered into in May 2004, and was most recently amended in October 2016 (the "2016 Amendment"). Pursuant to the agreement, as amended, the Company has agreed to pay royalties ranging from low-single digits to mid-single digits on potential sales of certain compounds first synthesized and/or tested between March 1, 2014 and August 31, 2016 and tiered royalties ranging from single digits to sub-teens on any approved drugs first synthesized and/or tested during a research term on or before February 28, 2014, including (i) KALYDECO (ivacaftor) and ORKAMBI (lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor), which are the Companys current products and (ii) tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor. For combination products, such as ORKAMBI, sales will be allocated equally to each of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in the combination product.

Since VRTX plans to more or less replace Orkambi with a tezacaftor/ivacaftor ("T/I") product and use T/I as the backbone of 3-drug combos for the most difficult cases to treat, it's important to note that the royalty rate stays the same for T/I as for the two marketed drugs at this time: Kalydeco and Orkambi. It would appear, though, to me, that the candidates for the third drug may be headed for about 4-5% royalties. If so, then perhaps the royalty rate on these drugs would be around 8%. Depending on the mix of drugs sold, royalties to CFFT, which the company includes in cost of drugs sold, would shrink just a bit as a percentage of revenues if one or more 3-drug combos reached the market - which is, I believe, required for VRTX to end up being a rewarding investment.

Why VRTX may do better with T/I than Orkambi

While Kalydeco demonstrated robust gains in FEV1 and other parameters, it only treats a small percentage of the estimated 75,000 patients with CF in the higher-frequency parts of the world. Orkambi, on the other hand, generated just good enough data to get approval but was less effective than Kalydeco. Then, it has some unwanted side effects, including shortness of breath in some patients. Between limited efficacy and a side effects profile that is not ideal, Orkambi has been a tougher sell than Kalydeco, especially ex-US.

To the rescue is T/I, which VRTX reports had good efficacy in Phase 3 (no direct comparison to Orkambi), though not superb, but a better side effects profile. Marketing applications have been submitted in the US and EU, so I expect marketing to begin in the first half of next year in the US and later in the EU.

The T/I combo is critical to the bulk of VRTX's growth plans.

The promising data on triple therapy

For the toughest cases, and (I speculate) possibly for some cases where T/I may be indicated but may not work too well, three-drug combos may represent a further breakthrough in therapy. VRTX has reported promising results on three different novel agents used in combination with T/I. It has discussed these in press releases and on the conference call, as well as in its 10-Q (pp. 35-38).

What was so well received by the Street in this heavily institutional stock is that unlike Orkambi and T/I, the clinical improvement with these 3-drug combos in the Phase 2 and Phase 1 studes was robust. Thus, these could be impressive medical breakthrough drugs. At least one of the drugs was associated with some liver toxicity, however; investors must remember, safety matters a lot.

I expect one or two of these 3-drug combos to enter Phase 3 in the first half of next year. These studies can move along relatively rapidly. Could we be looking at a 2021 or 2022 product intro, or two product intros?

The progress on T/I and on triple drug therapy each represents a potentially important corner that Vertex may be turning in its quest to corner the market on CF drugs.

Improving on Kalydeco

VRTX has recently acquired rights to what is said to be a deuterated ("heavy hydrogen") version of Kalydeco (CTP-656) from Concert Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:CNCE). The cost was $160 million upfront, with maximum milestones of $90 million. This is proposed to be a longer-acting drug with at least the same effectiveness and safety as Kalydeco, with the goal of allowing therapy once daily.

We will have to wait to see precisely how VRTX moves to incorporate the former CTP-656 into its development plan.

It is nice to see the company focusing on improving its products within the one narrow therapeutic area of CF. Focus and successful risk-taking have been the keys to the successes of such biopharma stars as Celgene (NASDAQ:CELG) and Gilead (NASDAQ:GILD).

VRTX profitable in Q2 - Another corner turned?

While the large profit in Q1 was greatly flattered by the sale of oncology R&D assets, Q2 was cleaner. Product revenues were $514 million; total revenues were $544 million. R&D expenses were enormous as a percentage of revenues at $289 million. Yet, the company eked out a 7 cent per share profit. With Orkambi growing rapidly, and Kalydeco growing as well and gaining an additional 600+ patients from an FDA supplemental approval per an August 1 press release, there's every chance that SG&A can begin to shrink as a percentage of revenues; the same may or may not be true for R&D.

Note: VRTX is well known for being fantastically R&D oriented; this is in its founding DNA, so to speak. The stock has been a strong performer since its 1991 IPO despite just a few profitable quarters, with a CAGR around 14% since then. Also, over the past 10 years, despite the terrible disappointment of its hepatitis C drug, Incivek, going from best new product entrant ever in 2011 to zero after the current generation of HCV drugs began reaching the market, the CAGR for VRTX over the past 10 years is around 13%.

So, I'm not certain that conventional profits are now going to be the goal of this company versus more Amazon-like (NYSE:AMN) reinvestment. Nonetheless, that it could be profitable despite huge R&D spending strikes me as another corner turned.

But I do need to note that as usual for VRTX, analysts have marked down their EPS forecasts. These were $1.66 non-GAAP and $3.12 non-GAAP for 2017 and 2018 before the earnings report, and now are looking more like $1.60 and $3.03 respectively.

Sales are forecast to be $2.68 billion for next year; I am not certain whether that is actually a product sales forecast or total revenue forecast (I think it's total revenues).

In any case, clearly this stock is being valued on earnings some years from now, or at least potential earnings if it just spends and spends on R&D.

Why VRTX may become a more conventional earnings play

There is only one Jeff Bezos, and tech is tech. Meaning, you can have a new idea and just implement it. In the case of AMZN, a leader in profit-lite stock market/business wizardry, the story is well-known and logical. The infrastructure to support AMZN's retail division, both hardware and software, was there to allow the company to offer itself out as the repository of data from other companies and individuals; voila: AWS. Profits from retail went back into global retail expansion and into AWS expansion.

This sort of scalable and unusual set of enterprises does not translate well to pharmaceuticals. Time lines are too long, regulation too intense, breakthrough ideas of uncertain safety even if therapeutically sound, etc. In other words, beyond the evolving and impressive potential to make a huge impact in an untreatable disease, CF, it is difficult to see VRTX scaling. And since the universe of CF patients can only evolve slowly, success with the T/I combo and then triple therapy should either force the company to become a free cash flow powerhouse or else get into a good deal of acquisition activity that could bring GAAP profits way down if extensive.

Thinking it through, however, given the very high valuation of VRTX, if the institutions who own the stock want new buyers to sell their stock to, it makes sense for them to pressure the company to move toward conventional behavior and show growing GAAP (and non-GAAP) profits. This occurs over and over again, with AMZN a rare exception.

My long-term investment thesis for VRTX is, for the above two reasons, that it succeeds in dominating the CF market and becomes a "GARP" (growth at a reasonable price) stock.

Risks

Anyone interested in VRTX stock should very much consider reading the Risk Factors in the 10-K and as updated in the 10-Q and elsewhere. Past performance of the shares is no guarantee and may be no indicator of any future success for anyone purchasing shares at current prices.

Certainly, the very high prices charged by VRTX for its drugs brings risk of various sorts. And even though I think the company has a solid lead against all its competitors in the fight to bring improved drugs to the market for CF patients, only time will tell how the market develops. Can it achieve clear, profound dominance by the early 2020s, as it hopes, and extend that for many years to come? The less chances it can do that, the greater the risks to investors in the stock.

Concluding thoughts - Is VRTX another CELG in the making?

When one goes back to look at the valuation metrics of CELG in the 2005-07 period, it traded as high as about 21X sales per share. The sales and EPS growth were a lot faster than the valuation shrinkage, so that all worked out. If VRTX can beat estimates next year and trade at some point at 20X revenues of, say, $2.85 billion, that would equate to a $57 billion market cap, or a 50% price increase from that seen today.

I published my last VRTX article a little over two years ago and titled it "Vertex Pharma: Well Positioned To Set New Highs." Part of the bull thesis was that the company was a takeover target. That has not happened, but maybe it would have benefited the acquirer if it had gotten control after the stock took its big dive. The stock was around $128 then versus $154 now. That would be a 20% gain - not at all bad given that a leading biotech ETF (NASDAQ:IBB) is down roughly 20% since then.

The basic case that I can see for VRTX actually being a good new money investment over time, despite being somewhat extended right now, is that it may have a hammerlock on the CF market. If the 75,000-patient population is correct, and they continue to live longer, then that number can increase. Then, one has to think of sales in countries where CF is less common but still seen, notably Mexico and South America, and China. CF is vanishingly rare in Japan, however.

Just speculating on numbers, let us say that the total addressable CF population 10 years from now is 90,000, including some from countries not included in the current 75,000 potential patient estimate. What will be the market penetration, assuming that VRTX is correct that its medicines, if approved, will then be able to treat, say, 80,000 or so patients? If it reaches 50%, then that's 40,000 patients. With Kalydeco, which is highly effective, listing for well over $300,000 per year, and with VRTX having indicated in, I think, 2015 that discounts in the EU were not all that much greater than in the US, but Orkambi less highly priced than Kalydeco, do we estimate $200,000 per patient per year? I do not know, but that would come to $8 billion per year. If that occurs, and note again these numbers are rank speculation, it is anyone's guess whether the company will proceed as CELG has, with other products and a robust pipeline, or like GILD and Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN), with the Street looking at aging product lines and inadequate R&D productivity and valuing the stock at a relatively low price-to-sales ratio?

Lots of questions, and no answers until the future unfolds.

At this point, now focusing almost exclusively on CF, VRTX has evolved to be my favorite sort of company, namely one with an ecosystem that is tightly tied together. CELG and GILD have done that; so has Biogen (NASDAQ:BIIB). In a different field, obviously Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) has done that amazingly well, as has Facebook (NASDAQ:FB). The first biotech stock I wrote about and praised more than 4 years ago, United Therapeutics (NASDAQ:UTHR), accomplished something similar in extraordinary fashion. These are "category killer" companies. As with GILD in HIV/AIDS, the profit stream from CF drugs at VRTX may have, in the end, greater durability than the analysts think. Line extensions, new inventions developed in-house using the company's extensive knowledge, and often a first look at new ideas developed elsewhere can be powerful advantages. In addition, once the sales force is well trained, ethical and productive, the company has the added profit ability to market or co-market products developed elsewhere, providing a bridge over sometimes troubled waters. Finally, in the case of VRTX, its experience with rare diseases could make it a preferred senior partner for a small player with a new product, should VRTX make it to become a $5 billion+ annual sales and highly profitable company.

In summary, VRTX has taken a promising lead in the development and marketing of a once-fatal disease with no specific treatment. In rebounding so quickly from the Incivek disaster, it has proven there are some second acts. With few short-sellers (only about 1.5% of the float) and strong institutional sponsorship, the company may have the right stuff to grow into its valuations and continue to reward shareholders with price appreciation. Risks are significant, however, including but not limited to product development risks and valuation risks.

Thanks for reading and sharing any comments you wish to contribute.

Disclosure: I am/we are long VRTX, BIIB, CELG, GILD, AAPL.

I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Additional disclosure: Not investment advice. I am not an investment adviser.

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Vertex Pharmaceuticals May Be Turning Some Major Corners - Seeking Alpha

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CF Corporation Shareholders Approve Merger with Fidelity & Guaranty Life – PR Newswire (press release)

Posted: at 12:22 pm

As previously announced, the transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2017, subject to regulatory approvals and certain other customary closing conditions.

Upon closing of the transaction, CF Corp. will change its name to FGL Holdings. Chinh E. Chu and William P. Foley, II will continue to serve as Co-Executive Chairmen, and Christopher J. Littlefield, Eric L. Marhoun and Dennis R. Vigneau, each a current member of FGL's management team, will join FGL Holdings as executive officers.

About CF Corporation

CF Corporation's primary objective is to build an enduring, high quality business by using permanent capital, a core tenet of the CF Corp. structure. CF Corp. also has the largest individual founder co-investment in a U.S. special purpose acquisition company, which results in alignment of interests with CF Corp.'s investors.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains, and certain oral statements made by representatives of CF Corp. and its affiliates from time to time may contain, "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. CF Corp.'s actual results may differ from their expectations, estimates and projections and consequently, you should not rely on these forward looking statements as predictions of future events. Words such as "expect," "estimate," "project," "budget," "forecast," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "may," "will," "could," "should," "believes," "predicts," "potential," "might" and "continues," and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, CF Corp.'s expectations with respect to future performance and anticipated financial impact of the business combination, the satisfaction of the closing conditions to the business combination and the timing of the completion of the business combination. These forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expected results. Most of these factors are outside CF Corp.'s control and are difficult to predict. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to: (1) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement relating to the proposed business combination; (2) the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against CF Corp. or FGL following the announcement of the merger agreement and the transactions contemplated therein; (3) the inability to complete the business combination, including due to failure to fulfill conditions to closing in the merger agreement; (4) delays in obtaining or the inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals (including approval from insurance regulators) required to complete the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement; (5) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstance that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement or could otherwise cause the transaction to fail to close; (6) the inability to obtain or maintain the listing of the post-closing company's ordinary shares on NASDAQ following the business combination; (7) the risk that the business combination disrupts current plans and operations as a result of the announcement and consummation of the business combination; (8) the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the business combination, which may be affected by, among other things, competition, the ability of the combined company to grow and manage growth profitably and retain its key employees; (9) costs related to the business combination; (10) changes in applicable laws or regulations; (11) the possibility that FGL or the combined company may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and (12) other risks and uncertainties identified in CF Corp.'s proxy statement relating to the business combination, including those under "Risk Factors" therein, and in CF Corp.'s and FGL's other filings with the SEC. CF Corp. cautions that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive. CF Corp. cautions readers not to place undue reliance upon any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. CF Corp. does not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in its expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, subject to applicable law. The information contained in any website referenced herein is not, and shall not be deemed to be, part of or incorporated into this press release.

No Offer or Solicitation

This press release is for informational purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities pursuant to the proposed transactions or otherwise, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

CF Corporation Contacts:

Douglas B. Newton, Chief Financial Officer CF Corporation 212-355-5515

Jonathan Keehner/Julie Oakes / Tim Ragones Joele Frank, Wilkinson Brimmer Katcher 212-355-4449

View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cf-corporation-shareholders-approve-merger-with-fidelity--guaranty-life-300501678.html

SOURCE CF Corporation

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CF Corporation Shareholders Approve Merger with Fidelity & Guaranty Life - PR Newswire (press release)

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Perry: ‘political correctness has to stop’ – Wisconsin Gazette

Posted: at 12:21 pm

Texas Gov. Rick Perry says political correctness has to stop, citing the flap over Chick-fil-A and opposition to same-sex marriage as an example.

Perry addressed an event over the weekend hosted by The Family Leader in Waukee, Iowa, aiming to rally Christian conservatives.

He said that when Chick-fil-A CEO Dan Cathy defended the sanctity of marriage, the left went nuts.

According to his prepared remarks, Perry continued: When conservatives are offended by a corporate policy, we simply choose not to give them our business.

He added that offended liberals try to keep everyone else from giving them business.

Perry apparently didnt mention to those gathered the multiple boycotts waged by the Christian right this past year against businesses that endorsed marriage equality, backed nondiscrimination laws or supported LGBT Pride events. The main targets of right-wing boycotts are Starbucks and General Mills.

Cathy said recently that his company backed the biblical definition of family.

That sparked an outcry from gay activists. But hundreds of thousands of customers also jammed the restaurants during Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day.

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Perry: 'political correctness has to stop' - Wisconsin Gazette

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Maher Slams CNN: Jeffrey Lord Fired Over Political Correctness – Newsmax

Posted: at 12:21 pm

HBO star Bill Maher, while appearing on a CNN interview Sunday, slammed the network for firing conservative contributor Jeffrey Lord, saying the decision was motivated by political correctness.

"Your colleague I don't agree with him Jeffrey Lord, CNN got rid of him because he said 'sieg heil' on a tweet," Maher told CNN's Fareed Zakaria. "It was a joke. This has gotta stop: This idea of people have to go away if they've offended me even for one moment. How about just move on, turn the page? Go to the next thing in your life?"

Maher's comments came after Zakaria brought up the left's "puritanism" about what should and should not be said. The "Real Time With Bill Maher" host, who is no stranger to criticism based on his own often-controversial statements, has often complained liberals are too politically correct.

Maher told Zakaria on Sunday there is a part of the Democratic Party that is "plainly obnoxious," because they are "humorless, they're too politically correct."

President Donald Trump's people are "not unaware of his flaws," Maher said. "But what they always say, like the first thing what they love about him, he's politically incorrect."

Even though Trump's people "know that he's bad in a lot of ways," Maher said, "they would rather be on his team 'than those insufferable people on the left.' That's how they think."

Maher said millennials are specifically part of the problem, and there is an amazing number of them "who really don't even believe in free speech, because you know what? Free speech could lead to hurt feelings. Who gave these kids these priorities?"

2017 Newsmax. All rights reserved.

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Eugenics in Tennessee: Trading Sterilization for Freedom – The Libertarian Republic

Posted: at 12:20 pm

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Written by Brent Derider

On May 15th 2017 at 2:05PM, Sessions Judge Sam Benningfield signed a standing order that, effectively, puts White County, TN, in the business of trading sterilization for freedom. It stated that any inmate who completes a neonatal health class has an option to have their jail time reduced. Female inmates can get a Nexplanon birth control implant in their arm and male inmates are subjected to a vasectomy. For this, they receive 30 days credit toward their sentence.

Proponents of the order tout the program as relieving the burden on taxpayers and the welfare system and deny accusations of coercive eugenics, claiming that the program is voluntary. Says former S.C. Republican Congressional hopeful, Kris Wampler, Right now, we pay people to have kids by offering them welfare. We are literally subsidizing the birth of countless kids no one will care for. Doesnt it make more sense, if were going to pay someone anyway, to pay them to be less of a burden on society?

Judge Benningfield claims the order will give them a chance when they get out to not be burdened with children.

It seems, however, that not everyone is quite so thrilled with White Countys new involvement in eugenics. District Attorney Bryant Dunaway opposes the order. Those decisions are personal in nature, and I think thats just something the court should neither encourage nor mandate. said Dunaway. The White County DA further remarks I instructed my staff not to be involved in this type of arrangement in any way.

Thomas C. Arnold Jr., respected liberty advocate and LPTN Chair, spoke clearly against the action. It is a heinous attack on civil liberties in Tennessee. No individual, regardless the crime, should be coerced in this manner. It sickens me.

Most inmates are a product of the failed war on drugs and shouldnt be incarcerated at all, but even actual criminals have the right to their ability procreate. Forcing people to choose between sterilization and their freedom isnt an offer. Its coercion. If a person can be released into society, safely, they should be. Sterilization has no role to play. This goes far beyond government over-step. This is a great stride down a dark road that leads us directly back to 1940s Germany.

As far as this activist is concerned, enough is enough. A clear message needs to be sent to Judge Benningfield and those like him. As both a Libertarian and a proud southerner, I am appalled at this clear attempt to target the reproductive ability of a class of people that Mr. Benningfield finds unappealing. This is not within the scope of legitimate government. This is coerced eugenics and stopping it is the duty of every one of us.

To contact Sam Benningfield and share your thoughts on this abuse of power:

111 Depot Street, Suite 2, Sparta, TN 38583

Phone & Fax: 931-836-3600

eugenicsprisonSterilization

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Eugenics in Tennessee: Trading Sterilization for Freedom - The Libertarian Republic

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One small step for medicine, one giant leap for eugenics – MercatorNet (blog)

Posted: at 12:20 pm

One small step for medicine, one giant leap for eugenics
MercatorNet (blog)
On August 2 scientists published the results of the first experiments conducted on human embryos using the gene editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 in the United States [1]. These experiments have shown greater efficacy in editing embryos than previous attempts.

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One small step for medicine, one giant leap for eugenics - MercatorNet (blog)

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