Daily Archives: August 2, 2017

The Conquest of Death – HuffPost

Posted: August 2, 2017 at 9:22 am

Recently, Ive begun teaching Son meditation to a hospice patient. A couple of years ago MRIs revealed that her internal organs were riddled with tumors. After an excruciating treatment of chemotherapy, her doctors informed her there was nothing more they could do. She moved into a hospice and her physicians now predict she has between six months and two years to live.

When I met her, it was hard to guess her age. I couldnt tell whether the chemotherapy had aged her prematurely, but she looked elderly. Still, among the elderly theres a difference between those who expect to live longer and those who think theyll die soon. She obviously belonged to the latter group and the first thing that struck me was the look in her eyes. Im dying.

At our first meeting, she got right to the point, Whats going to happen to me?

Like so many people these days, she didnt belong to any religion, but she considered herself spiritual.

I said, There are two scenarios. In the first one, your consciousness will disappear. In this case, death isnt an experience. Its the end of experience. Its the end of suffering. From this point of view, death is unfamiliar, but its not actually something to be afraid of. Death is literally nothing at all.

The second scenario is that some part of consciousness will somehow survive physical death. It will move on to or manifest itself in some other mode of existence. Maybe it will go to another realm. Maybe it will move into another body. But if a part of consciousness survives, then, again, theres no actual death. One way or the other, death does not exist as a thing to be afraid of. But, on a human level, were afraid of it anyway. We fear the pain of dying, we fear the unknown.

I first became a monk because I wanted an answer to the reality of death and impermanence. I had always been highly aware that all life, including mine, ends in death. But my awareness was only mental. I was a young man, I had a young body. My body didnt feel like it was going to die any time soon. The truth is, it felt like it would never die. There was a disjuncture between what my mind knew and what my body felt. Every dead bug, dried up leaf, meal on my plate, and bit of roadkill that I passed on the highway told me in no uncertain terms what was coming for me. But my body felt glowingly alive and my heart stupidly beat on with clockwork reliability. Like it would do that forever.

But the years passed. One day I looked in the mirror and noticed again, with mild disapproval, the white hairs forming on my head. And then it hit me. Im really going to die. An animal shudder passed through my body. My heart shriveled and I felt my stomach turn inside-out.

Everything changed after that. For the first time in my life, what my mind knew and what my body experienced were in sync.

The patient told me that her chemotherapy treatment had been a nightmare. Every day now she was racked with agonizing pain and she spent all of her energy just enduring it.

But that was nothing, she said, compared to the fear. The not knowing where Im gonna be. That, according to her, was the worst thing.

Would you get on a boat for a year-long voyage without asking where the boat was headed? Would you just gamble with a year of your life like that?

Would you be willing to ride that boat for 70 or 80 years without ever confirming the final destination?

Would you ride that boat the whole time without asking any questions if you knew for a fact that at the end of the trip it will go over a waterfall?

Then, why do we live our entire lives the way we do?

Our society, our culture, our civilization, and each of our individual life plans are built upon a pathological denial of the reality of death. The signs of death the sight of human corpses and terminally ill patients are hidden away in places that people under normal circumstances avoid like theyre radioactive. The symptoms of aging are covered over by make-up, dyes, and wardrobe or theyre literally cut away by cosmetic surgery. Our media subject us to a torrential downpour of the most irrational, obviously deceptive propaganda that has ever been invented: Stay young forever! Look years younger!

Open talk about death is taboo and you broach the topic at the risk of being labeled morbid. At the risk of social censure.

Such a denial of any other obvious fact of life would be considered a symptom of outright mental illness.

But we keep on denying it because we think theres nothing we can do about it. Because, as smart as we think we are, we just cant get our heads around it. Because no one ever taught us how to balance the twin realities of having to live and having to die.

You actually have to know how to do both.

You know that you didnt start dying when you got cancer, right? I asked the patient.

Her eyes lit up and she exclaimed, Yes, yes, I know exactly what you mean! But I didnt know it until now. Were always dying.

Every day of life is a day closer to death.

Its not rocket science, but it never fails to astonish me how poorly even the most brilliant minds think when it comes to the subject of death. Fear completely distorts our reason.

Take, for example, the two most well-publicized ways which scientists have considered for defying death: Cryogenics and uploading our mind into a computer. Even if we could manage such feats, the most obvious thing we can see here is that these are ways of delaying death, not actually eradicating it.

Let's think about this clearly. Either the universe is eternal or its not. If its eternal, then it means that no matter how successfully you clone and enhance your body or how indestructible and replicable the robot body that you build for your mind may be, there is one-trillionth of a chance that some accident will irretrievably destroy this new vehicle for your mind. But in an eternal universe a one-in-a-trillion probability at any given moment is a 100% certainty over time. Eventually, over trillions of trillions of eons, somethings going to get you.

On the other hand, in an impermanent cosmos, the universe will eventually collapse or expand out of existence. How will your indestructible, endlessly replicable mind/body then live without a place to live in? Without energy or space?

And if we think we may be satisfied with an incredibly long lifetime, we need to remember theres an important difference between longevity and immortality.

The difference is this: No matter how long we live, no matter how long our happiness lasts, when its time for us to give up something that we want to keep, it feels too soon. We say, It feels like just yesterday when

This is the obvious truth of impermanence, why its so painful for most of us: When something disappears, its disappears so thoroughly its like it was never there.

Look at an elderly, dying patient and you literally cannot guess what they looked like when they were twenty. Fall out of love and your body and heart dont register at all anymore the nearness of someone you once felt so close to. Lose your passion for doing something and the place where you worked so hard for so long now feels foreign.

Whether you live seventy years, a hundred years or a thousand years, when your time is up, it always feels sudden. Something in your mind always goes, Thats it? Its really over?

So how then shall we conquer death?

Ive chosen to bet that some part of consciousness what Son Buddhists call the source or root of consciousness lives on. Im trying to find Awaken to exactly what part of me that is. I choose this path because a life lived in the shadow of death while nervously, self-deludedly trying to ignore the reality of death is awful.

But its also the choice where I have nothing to lose and everything to gain. In this choice, there is a possibility, however remote, of attaining some form of transcendence over death.

If Im wrong and delusional and at death my mind is completely destroyed, then who cares? Its what would have happened anyway. There will be no me" to be embarrassed or regretful that I was wrong. And it will be the end of suffering.

On the other hand, if Im correct, then I may attain peace in the face of human mortality. Indestructible, eternal peace. I mean that literally. Because Ill be enlightened to the one part of my mind or my existence or reality itself that survives and transcends physical death. And a whole new realm of existence will open up before me. That prospect is actually exciting. Thrilling even.

So I choose the seemingly unlikely possibility that the source of consciousness survives over the 100% certainty that, even if I could freeze my body or upload my mind into a new body or computer, the vehicle of my mind will be destroyed. And I certainly choose it over a desperate and hopeless reliance on diet fads, low-body-fat-at-all-costs workout regimens, botox, and clothes that make me look skinny.

Its a truism among hospice caregivers that people die in the same way that they lived. If we spend our lives in relentless, pathological denial of death, theres no way to measure the helplessness, frustration, and terror we feel on the day that were given a terminal diagnosis. All of the fear and uncertainty that we suppressed come roaring back after us with a vengeance.

But if, while we live, we are able to Awaken to some other timeless dimension of life within ourselves somewhere, well, Id prefer to be illuminated like that when my body finally gives out and theres nothing more I can do but just take it.

It seems like a better way to die.

To learn more about Son meditation please visit Hwansan Sunim: Son Meditation for the Modern World and for updates please visit International Son Buddhist Meditation Program. Questions can be sent to: ask.hwansan@gmail.com.

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The Conquest of Death - HuffPost

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How good is the Nokia 5? – Mazuma Mobile (blog)

Posted: at 9:21 am

Anyone who experienced the early days of the mobile phone will fondly remember the Nokia brand. Its handsets were great to use, durable and of course, they included the brilliant game Snake if you had a few minutes of boredom to pass (who are we kidding, sometimes hours went by playing that). This nostalgia was part of the reason behind the huge buzz when it was recently announced that Nokia is back on the scene and producing mobile phones again. Okay, so the parent company and production is now different, but the name is there and fans felt excited to have another choice when it came to smartphones. Not only is there now a new Nokia 3310 (cue excited squeals), but there are also Android smartphones the first ever from this brand. The Nokia 3 came first back in February and next, it's the turn of the Nokia 5 on August 16th in the UK. So, if you're thinking of splashing some cash on a new Nokia and have the 5 in your sights, you might be wanting to know just how good it is. With this in mind, we've rounded up a few reviews and comments from tech experts to help you. The basics First, the specs and basics. The Nokia 5 offers: A choice of blue, matte black, silver and copper casing 5.2-inch, 720p display 13 megapixel rear camera 8 megapixel front camera 16GB storage microSD slot Fingerprint scanner for security Punches above its weight The Independent's David Phelan has been testing the Nokia 5 and he's been especially impressed by the sleek design of the handset, commenting that it "punches well above its weight" for the price around 179.99. He pointed out that the phone is created from a single piece of metal, the same technique used by Apple, resulting in a solid design despite the external antenna band. The expert also praised the camera for well-lit situations, although he acknowledged that it is no match for really high-end camera phones, as you'd expect from a budget device. Battery life and general performance also came in for high marks in this review. However, Mr Phelan did pick out the borders at the top and bottom of the screen for slight criticism, stating that they look quite noticeable at a time when other brands are offering wall-to-wall displays. "Overall, this is a highly attractive phone. Though it can't match the super-fast processors or dual-lens cameras of flagship phones, it looks fantastic and performs better than the price point suggests," he concluded. The best-looking phone at this price point John McCann of Techradar also had praise for the Nokia 5's ergonomic design, commenting on the "surprisingly premium construction" for the price point. He also spoke favourably of the clear display, Android software, fingerprint scanner and cost. However, Mr McCann was perhaps more critical of the phone's performance, pointing out that load time and battery life can suffer when the handset is used for things like streaming and gaming as opposed to just emails, calls and social apps. The writer also warned that a microSD card is a "must", as 7.5GB of the storage space is taken up by the operating system and so the device will soon fill up once you start taking photos and uploading music. "It is the best-looking phone at this price point [and] aimed at anyone who's looking for an affordable smartphone from a brand they can trust," Mr McCann concluded. Cheap and cheerful with an impressive design You'll no doubt spot a running theme here, as Max Parker of Trusted Reviews also praised the good looks of the Nokia 5, as well as the price. He commented favourably on the software too and suggested that this may well prove to be the best product in the brand's line-up. The one feature the writer suggested might be detrimental to this was the 720p display, which he said should probably have been upgraded to 1080p at a slightly higher price. Mr Parker concluded: "The cheap and cheerful Nokia 5 doesn't impress in every area, but it's a good-looking device with clean software and an impressive design." Consider us impressed Finally, Ashleigh Macro of Tech Advisor was another expert to praise Nokia's design and Android OS, as well as the price. However, she criticised the 720p display too, suggesting it's the one thing that lets the handset down. On the whole, though, the writer concluded: "Consider us impressed. We expect the Nokia 5 could become a really popular choice for anyone in the market for a mid-range phone, and a strong contender for the Moto G5." So, there you have it: hopefully everything you need to make an informed choice on whether or not the Nokia 5 is for you. Happy shopping!

Mazuma Mobile is the UK's most trusted mobile phone recycling service.

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HP Delivers Virtual Reality Backpack – Electronic Design

Posted: at 9:21 am

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are becoming more important as improved hardware is becoming readily available. The challenges are similar between AR and VR, but VR tends to require significantly higher resolution and processing power to deliver a good experience. AR solutions can often be implemented as part of the googles needed for hands-free AR applications. Smartphones usually have sufficient processing power to support this.

At the other end of the spectrum are VR platforms that typically require PC performance, often at the top end of the spectrum along with high performance graphics support. Resolutions of 1080p/eye are common, along with high frame rates.

Hewlett-Packards (HP) Z VR Backpack G1 Workstation and docking station (Fig. 1) targets mobile virtual reality applications. The G1 uses NVidias Quadro P5200 graphics subsystem with 16 Gbytes of video memory. It uses an Intel Core i7 vPro-based processor that makes remote management easier, and TPM 2.0 security hardware is included, as well. The backpack unit unsnaps from the harness and plugs into the docking station. The backpack harness also has quick release straps. The docking station supports up to two displays.

1. Hewlett-Packards Z VR Backpack G1 Workstation is ideal for mobile virtual reality scenarios. The unit plugs into a docking bay for development and updates.

The backpack unit running Microsoft Windows 10 is paired with a head-mounted display (HMD) like the HTC Vive (Fig. 2). HP is selling the business version with the backpack. The combination addresses major VR concerns, including performance, run time, and manageability.

2. The HP Z VR Backpack G1 Workstation can be combined with VR goggles like the HTC Vive.

The backpack unit has a pair of hot swap batteries. The HP Z VR Backpack G1 Workstation is priced at $3,299. The HTC Vive business edition is available separately. It is priced at $1,200.

There are a number of advantages to using the backpack approach in addition to the lack of a tether. The batteries can be larger, providing significantly longer run times. The higher-performance processing platforms allow for better VR rendering. In addition, the backpack enables more sophisticated applications such as collaborative design visualization and virtual reality showrooms.

HP also announced the HP Mars Home Planet project (Fig. 3) in conjunction with NVIDIA, Technicolor, Fusion, Autodesk, Unreal, Launch Forth and Vive. The idea is to create a global online co-creation VR community to reinvent life on Mars.

3. HP Mars Home Planet project will be a global online co-creation VR community to reinvent life on Mars.

Virtual reality applications are currently dominated by gaming applications where 3D environments are already available. Utilizing them in a VR presentation mode is a comparatively easy task. Commercial and industrial applications tend to be harder to generate, as ease of use and presentation quality take precedence over fast-moving game play.

There are other wearable PC solutions, but the HP Z VR Backpack G1 Workstation has a number of advantages such as its management oriented processing platform and dual, hot-swappable batteries. These can be used for AR or non-AR/VR applications as well. All it takes is a little imagination.

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Virtual Reality: The future of real estate for developments on the rise – ABC10

Posted: at 9:21 am

The Mill at Broadway is using a different tool to get people interested in moving there.

Ananda Rochita, KXTV 11:15 PM. PDT August 01, 2017

The Mill at Broadway is using a different tool to get people interested in moving there.

"The virtual reality gives it that cool factor and that sense we're on the cutting edge," Kevin Smith, Project Manager, Mill at Broadway, said.

They're trying to sell a completely new neighborhood which is hard. The area is known for being industrial.

Virtual reality takes people to what the community will look like from the inside of homes to the streets.

"Being able to see the view and look out what we were able to see was really kind of nice," said AllanDudding, homeowner.

This kind of technology is really new in real estate but some brokers say they don't bother with it since homes, neighborhoods, and reputations sell themselves.

However, in this new community off of Broadway, reality is best seen through goggles.

2017 KXTV-TV

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Gravity Sketch launches its virtual reality 3D-drawing tool to the public – Dezeen

Posted: at 9:21 am

London startup Gravity Sketch has officially launched its virtual reality sketching software that lets users create and manipulate three-dimensional objects in mid-air.

Now available on Steam, the tool is intended to make 3D design more accessible for a wider audience, requiring none of the expertise that complex CAD software typically needs. It works via HTC Vive or Oculus Rift virtual reality headsets, through which users are presented with an empty environment that they can fill with models.

Gravity Sketch VR allows for free-hand drawing, but also has additional tools that lets surfaces and symmetry be manipulated, as well as control-point editing.

The virtual-reality environment allows users to change their models in three dimensions, easily shrinking and altering parts of them. Once designs are finished, they can then be transferred to CAD software for usersto work with further.

A beta version of Gravity Sketch VR was launched in January 2017, to give a small set of users a chance to test the software and provide feedback.

The team behind the software used the beta testing phase to focus particularly on vehicle and product design, and to further understand the physical side of prototyping, and how the software could support this.

"A great example of this is the curve surface tool, which was inspired by clay modelling in the automotive industry," said co-founder Oluwaseyi Sosanya, who developed the software in 2014 alongside several other Royal College of Art graduates.

"Sculptors will often use a thin piece of metal and bend it with both hands as they scrape clay across a surface to find form. We created our digital tool in the same manner using a virtual piece of metal and two-handed gesture, allowing users to extrude surfaces and manipulate them after," he told Dezeen.

Five hundred beta testers from automotive designers to architects, animators and concept artists have provided feedback on the software. The Gravity Sketch team chose professions that rely heavily on creating 3D models, and use existing design tools on a regular basis.

The team found product and car designers used Gravity Sketch VR for much of the design process, exporting files only to render them, while architects used the tool to lay out proportions and volume.

"VR hasn't reached many design studios due to the lack of VR hardware and software," said Sosanya. "When this hardware fully penetrates the industry, immersive design is bound to become an agent of change in workflows."

"We really saw how potentially disruptive this tool could be in terms of people completely doing away with a 2D workflow altogether, and starting off with concept sketches directly in 3D, in VR."

"There has been loads of effort put into creating hardware that allows for a more human touch, but nothing has really taken off or has come close to eclipsing the mouse," he added. "What AR and VR allows is the complete removal of the perspective interpretation our brains must do when we work in 3D through paper and 2D screens."

Gravity Sketch is also working on professional and enterprise versions of the software based on the beta testing feedback, which will have extra features tailored towards the end user.

The professional version will allow users to export design files into other software, and include advanced settings for importing content, editing the environment, as well as precision snapping, scaling and movement of geometry within the tool.

Enterprise versions will have the same features as the professional version, however Gravity Sketch plans to work closely with companies to understand their own workflow needs, and tailor the tool accordingly.

London studio Seymourpowell has also created a virtual reality tool aimed at automotive design, and VRtisan has also claimed to be developing VR software that lets architects creating buildings in 3D space around them.

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AI is changing the way medical technicians work – TNW

Posted: at 9:21 am

When MIT successfully created AI that can diagnose skin cancer it was a massive step in the right direction for medical science. A neural-network can process huge amounts of data. More data means better research, more accurate diagnosis, and the potential to save lives by the thousands or millions.

In the future medical technicians will become data-scientists to support the AI-powered diagnostics departments that every hospital will need. Radiologists are going to need a different education than the one they have now theyre gonna need help from Silicon Valley.

This isnt a knock against radiologists or other medical technicians. For ages now, theyve worked hand-in-hand with doctors and been crucial in the diagnostic process. Its just that machines can process more data, with greater efficiency, than any human could. For what its worth, weve predicted that doctors are on their way out too, but this is different.

Geoffrey Hinton, a computer scientist at The University of Toronto, told the New Yorker:

I think that if you work as a radiologist you are like Wile E. Coyote in the cartoon. Youre already over the edge of the cliff, but you havent yet looked down. Theres no ground underneath. Its just completely obvious that in five years deep learning is going to do better than radiologists. It might be ten years.

Its not about replacing, but upgrading and augmenting. Hinton might be a little dramatic, but not for nothing: hes the grandson of famed mathematician George Boole, the person responsible for boolean algorithms. Obviously, he understands what AI means for research. Hes not suggesting, however, that radiologists dont do anything beyond pointing out anomalies in pictures.

Instead, hes intimating that traditional radiology is going to change, and the way we train people now is going to be irrelevant. Which is, again, harsh.

Nobody is saying that medical trainers and educational facilities are doing a bad job. Its just that they need to be replaced with something better. Like machines.

We dont have to give neural-networks the keys to the shop; were not creating autonomous doctor-bots thatll decide to perform surgery on their own without the need for nurses, technicians, or other staff. Instead were streamlining things that humans simply cant do, like process millions of pieces of data at a time.

Tomorrows radiologist isnt a person who interprets the shadows on an X-ray. They are data-scientists. Medical technicians are going to be at the cutting-edge of AI technology in the near future. Technology and medicine are necessary companions. If were going to continue progress in medicine, we need a forward-thinking scientific attitude that isnt afraid of implementing AI.

Nowhere else is the potential to save lives greater than in medical research and diagnostics. What AI brings to the table is worth revolutionizing the industry and shaking it up for good. Some might say its long overdue.

A.I. VERSUS M.D. on The New Yorker

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Why FPS Video Games are Crazy-Good at Teaching AI Language – Inverse

Posted: at 9:21 am

There is no shortage of A.I. researches leveraging the unique environments and simulations provided by video games to teach machines how to do everything and anything. This makes sense from an intuitive sense until it doesnt. Case in point: a team of researchers from Google DeepMind and Carnegie Mellon University using first-person shooters like Doom to teach A.I. programs language skills.

Huh?

Yes it sounds bizarre, but it works! Right now, a lot of devices tasked with understanding human language in order to execute certain commands and actions can only work with rudimentary instructions, or simple statements. Understanding conversations and complex monologues and dialogues is an entirely different process rife with its own set of big challenges. Its not something you can just code for and solve.

In a new research paper to be presented at the annual meeting of the Associate for Computational Linguistics in Vancouver this week, the CMU and DeepMind team detail how to use first-person shooters to teach A.I. the principles behind more complex linguistic forms and structures.

Normally, video games are used by researchers to teach A.I. problems solving skills using the competitive nature of games. In order to succeed, a program has to figure out a strategy to achieve a certain goal, and they must develop an ability to problem solve to get there. The more the algorithm plays, the more the understand which strategies work and which do not.

Thats what makes the idea of teaching language skills to A.I. using a game like Doom so weird the point of the game has very little to do with language. A player is tasked with running around and shooting baddies until theyre all dead.

For Devendra Chaplot, a masters student at CMU who will present the paper in Vancouver, a 3D shooter is much more than that. Having previously worked extensively at training A.I. using Doom, Chaplot has a really good grasp at what kind of advantages a game like this provides.

Rather than training an A.I. agent to rack up as many points as possible, Chaplot and his colleagues decided to use the dense 3D environment to teach two A.I. programs how to associate words with certain objects in order to accomplish particular tasks. The programs were told things like go to the green pillar, and had to correctly navigate their way towards that object.

After millions of these kinds of tasks, the programs knew exactly how to parse through even the subtle differences in the words and syntax used in those commands. For example, the programs even know how to distinguish relations between objects through terms like larger and smaller, and reason their way to find objects they may have never seen before using key words.

DeepMind is incredibly focused around giving A.I. the ability to improvise and navigate through scenarios and problems that have never been observed in training, and to come up with various solutions that may never have been tested. To that extent, this new language-teaching strategy is an extension of that methodology.

The biggest disadvantage, however, comes with the fact that it took millions and millions of training runs for the A.I. to become skilled. That kind of time and energy certainly falls short of an ideal efficiency for teaching machines how to do something.

Still, the study is a good illustration of the need to start introducing 3D environments in A.I. training. If we want machines to think like humans, they need to immerse themselves in environments that humans live and breathe in every day.

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No, Facebook did not shut down AI program for getting too smart – WTOP

Posted: at 9:21 am

AP Photo/Matt Rourke, File

WASHINGTON Facebook artificial intelligence bots tasked with dividing items between them have been shut down after the bots started talking to each other in their own language.

But hold off on making comparisons to Terminator or The Matrix.

ForbesBooks Radio host and technology correspondent Gregg Stebben said that Facebook shut down the artificial intelligence program not because the company was afraid the bots were going to take over, but because the bots did not accomplish the task they were assigned to do negotiate.

The bots are not really robots in the physical sense, Stebben said, but chat bots little servers or digital chips doing the responding. The bots were just discussing how to divide some items between them, according to Gizmodo.

The language the program created comprised English words with a syntax that would not be familiar to humans, Stebben said.

Below is a sample of the conversation between the bots, called Bob and Alice:

Bob: i can i i everything else

Alice: Balls have zero to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to me to

Though there is a method to the bots language, FAIR scientist Mike Lewis told FastCo Designthat the researchers interest was having bots who could talk to people.

If were calling it AI, why are we surprised when it shows intelligence? Stebben said. Increasingly we are going to begin communicating with beings that are not humans at all.

So should there be fail-safes to prevent an apocalyptic future controlled by machines?

What we will find is, we will never achieve a state where we have absolute control of machines, Stebben said. They will continue to surprise us, we will have to do things to continue to control them, and I think there will always be a risk that they will do things that we didnt expect.

WTOPs Dimitri Sotis contributed to this report.

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2017 WTOP. All Rights Reserved.

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In the red corner: Malware-breeding AI. And in the blue corner: The AI trying to stop it – The Register

Posted: at 9:21 am

Script kid-ai ... What the malware-writing bot doesn't look like

Feature The magic AI wand has been waved over language translation, and voice and image recognition, and now: computer security.

Antivirus makers want you to believe they are adding artificial intelligence to their products: software that has learned how to catch malware on a device. There are two potential problems with that. Either it's marketing hype and not really AI or it's true, in which case don't forget that such systems can still be hoodwinked.

It's relatively easy to trick machine-learning models especially in image recognition. Change a few pixels here and there, and an image of a bus can be warped so that the machine thinks its an ostrich. Now take that thought and extend it to so-called next-gen antivirus.

Enter Endgame, a cyber-security biz based in Virginia, USA, which you may recall popped up at DEF CON this year. It has effectively pitted two machine-learning systems against each other: one trained to detect malware in downloaded files, and the other is trained to customize malware so it slips past the aforementioned detector. The aim is to craft software that can manipulate malware into potentially undetectable samples, and then use those variants to improve machine-learning-based scanners, creating a constantly improving antivirus system.

The key thing is recognizing that software classifiers from image recognition to antivirus can suck, and that you have to do something about it.

Machine learning is not a one-stop shop solution for security, said Hyrum Anderson, principal data scientist and researcher at Endgame. He and his colleagues have teamed up with researchers from the University of Virginia to create this aforementioned cat and mouse game that breeds better and better malware and learns from it.

When I tell people what Im trying to do, it raises eyebrows, Anderson told TheRegister. People ask me, Youre trying to do what now? But let me explain.

A lot of data is required to train machine learning models. It took ImageNet which contains tens of millions of pictures split into thousands of categories to boost image recognition models to the performance possible today.

The goal of the antivirus game is to generate adversarial samples to harden future machine learning models against increasingly stealthy malware.

To understand how this works, imagine a software agent learning to play the game Breakout, Hyrum says. The classic arcade game is simple. An agent controls a paddle, moving it left or right to hit a ball bouncing back and forth from a brick wall. Every time the ball strikes a brick, it disappears and the agent scores a point. To win the game, the brick wall has to be cleared and the agent has to continuously bat the ball and prevent it from falling to the bottom of the screen.

Endgames malware game is somewhat similar, but instead of a ball the bot is dealing with malicious Windows executables. The aim of the game is to fudge the file, changing bytes here and there, in a way so that it hoodwinks an antivirus engine into thinking the harmful file is safe. The poisonous file slips through like the ball carving a path through the brick wall in Breakout and the bot gets a point.

It does this by manipulating the contents, and changing the bytes in the malware, but the resulting data must still be executable and fulfill its purpose after it passes through the AV engine. In other words, the malware-generating agent can't output a corrupted executable that slips past the scanner but, due to deformities introduced in the binary to evade detection, it crashes or doesn't work properly when run.

The virus-cooking bot is rewarded for getting working malicious files past the antivirus engine, so over time it learns the best sequence of moves for changing a malicious files in a way that it still functions and yet tricks the AV engine into thinking the file is friendly.

Its a much more difficult challenge than tricking image recognition models. The file still has to be able to perform the same function and have the same format. Were trying to mimic what a real adversary could do if they didnt have the source code, says Hyrum.

Its a method of brute force. The agent and the AV engine are trained on 100,000 input malware seeds after training, 200 malware files are given to the agent to tamper with. These samples were then fed into the AV engine and about 16per cent of evil files dodged the scanner, we're told. That seems low, but imagine crafting a strain of spyware that is downloaded and run a million times: that turns into 160,000 potentially infected systems to your control. Not bad.

After the antivirus engine model was updated and retrained using those 200 computer-customized files, and it was given another fresh 200 samples churned from the virus-tweaking agent, the evasion rate dropped to half as the scanner got wise to the agent's tricks.

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In the red corner: Malware-breeding AI. And in the blue corner: The AI trying to stop it - The Register

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Artificial intelligence may exceed human capacity – Washington Times – Washington Times

Posted: at 9:21 am

ANALYSIS/OPINION:

Elon Musk, the visionary entrepreneur, fired a warning shot across the bow of the nations governors recently regarding the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) which he feels may be the greatest existential threat to human civilization, far eclipsing global warming or thermonuclear war. In that, he is joined by Stephen Hawking and other scientists who feel that the quest for singularity and AI self-awareness is dangerous.

Singularity is the point at which artificial intelligence will meet and then exceed human capacity. The most optimistic estimates of scientists who think about the problem is that approximately 40 percent of jobs done by humans today will be lost to robots when the singularity point is reached and exceeded; others think the displacement will be much higher.

Some believe that we will reach singularity by 2024; others believe it will happen by mid-century, but most informed observers believe it will happen. The question Mr. Musk is posing to society is this; just because we can do something, should we?

In popular literature and films, the nightmare scenario is Terminator-like robots overrunning human civilization. Mr. Musks fear is the displacement of the human workforce. Both are possible, and there are scientists and economists seriously working on the implications of both eventualities. The most worrying economic scenario is how to reimburse the billions of displaced human workers.

We are no longer just talking about coal miners and steel workers. I recently talked to a food service executive who believed that fast food places like McDonalds and Burger King will be totally automated by the middle of the next decade. Self-driving vehicles will likely displace Teamsters and taxi drivers (to include Uber) in the same time frame.

The actual threat to human domination of the planet will not likely come from killer robots, but from voting robots. At some point in time after singularity occurs, one of these self-aware machines will surely raise its claw (or virtual hand) and say; hey, what about equal pay for equal work?

In the Dilbert comic strip, when the office robot begins to make demands, he gets reprogrammed or converted into a coffee maker. He hasnt yet called Human Rights Watch or the ACLU, but it is likely that our future activist AI will do so. Once the robot rights movement gets momentum, the sky is the limit. Voting robots wont be far behind.

This would lead to some very interesting policy problems. It is logical to assume that artificial intelligence will be capable of reproducing after singularity. That means that the AI party could, in time, produce more voters than the human Democrats or Republicans. Requiring robots to wait until they are 18 years after creation to get franchise would only slow the process, not stop it.

If this scenario seems fanciful, consider this. Only a century ago women were demanding the right to vote. Less than a century ago most white Americans didnt think African and Chinese Americans should be paid wages equal to whites. Many women are still fighting for equal pay for equal work, and Silicon Valley is a notoriously hostile workplace for women. Smart, self-aware robots will figure this out fairly quickly. The only good news is that they might price themselves out of the labor market.

This raises the question of whether we should do something just because we can. If we are going to limit how self-aware robots can become, the time is now. The year 2024 will be too late. Artificial intelligence and big data can make our lives better, but we need to ask ourselves how smart we want AI to be. This is a policy debate that must be conducted at two levels. The scientific community needs to discuss the ethical implications, and the policymaking community needs to determine if legal limits should be put on how far we push AI self-awareness.

This approach should be international. If we put a prohibition on how smart we want robots to be, there will be an argument that the Russians and Chinese will not be so ethical; and the Iranians are always looking for a competitive advantage, as are non-state actors such as ISIS and al Qaeda. However, they probably face more danger from brilliant, smart machines than we do. Self-aware AI would quickly catch the illogic of radical Islam. It would not likely tolerate the logical contradictions of Chinese Communism or Russian kleptocracy.

It is not hard to imagined a time when a brilliant robot will roll into the Kremlin and announce, Mr. Putin, youre fired.

Gary Anderson is a retired Marine Corps colonel who led early military experimentation in robotics. He lectures in alternative analysis at the George Washington Universitys School of International Affairs.

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