Daily Archives: March 6, 2017

Sierra Leone News: STATUTORY MEETINGS OF WAMZ AND WAMA END IN FREETOWN WITH RENEWED … – Awoko

Posted: March 6, 2017 at 3:48 pm

The Statutory Meetings of the West African Monetary Agency (WAMA), the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) has ended in Freetown on a positive note. The meetings held at the Bintumanai International Conference Centre from 3rd-10th February, 2017 included the 40th Meeting of the Technical Committee, the 34th Meeting of the Committee of Governors and the 37th Meeting of the Convergence Council. Sierra Leone, being the host country of the Statutory Meetings, had her officials elected to head various Committee Meetings taking over from the sister country of Guinea. These include: the Development Secretary in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Mr. John Sumaila was elected Chairman of the Technical Committee of the WAMZ, the Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone, Dr. Kaifala Marah, elected as Chairman of the Committee of Governors and the Minister of Finance and Economic Development, Mr. Momodu Lamin Koroma was elected as Chairman of the Convergence Council. All three elected Sierra Leoneans will hand over their baton of responsibilities at the next Statutory Meetings of the WAMA and WAMZ in Monrovia, Liberia later this year. The overall objective of the meetings is to gauge and assess progress of member countries in the drive towards the establishment of a Common Central Bank and the introduction of a Single Currency, with a view to achieving monetary integration to ensure rapid socio-economic development through harmonized and sound fiscal and monetary policies in all member countries which include, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. At the opening of the 40th Meeting of the Technical Committee, the Director-General of the West African Monetary Institute (WAMI), Dr. Abwaku Englama noted that Sierra Leone did not comply with three of the convergence criteria namely, the inflation, the fiscal deficit and the central bank financing. However, the Chairman, Mr. John Sumaila, Development Secretary in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development reaffirmed Sierra Leones commitment to the WAMZ project, noting, Our resolve to reach the desired goal is still as strong as ever despite the serious global and regional challenges confronting us. He assured Sierra Leones commitment to implementing sound economic policies to ensure economic stability and compliance with the WAMZ convergence criteria. He however lamented on the twin shocks of the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak and the collapse in global price of the countrys lead export, the Iron Ore, which he noted, had negative impacts on the economy generally thereby undermining the countrys macroeconomic stability and poverty reduction goals. He informed the Technical Meeting that prior to the twin shocks, Sierra Leone was making significant progress in the areas of macroeconomic stability and poverty reduction, with the recording of double digits economic growth of 15. 2 percent in 2012 and 20.7 percent in 2013, with a projected growth rate of 11.3 percent in 2014. He said inflation was contained at a single digit while the exchange rate was relatively stable with interest rate on government securities declining significantly. With all of these, Mr. Sumaila was confident to report that Sierra Leone had achieved all four primary convergence criteria in 2013. All of these, unfortunately, were squashed by the unprecedented Ebola Virus Disease outbreak and as government battled with that emergency, then came the other shock of a dwindling price of the countrys leading export commodity, Iron Ore. Besides these challenges, Mr. Sumaila elucidated the numerous macroeconomic measures adopted by government to address the situation and pledged the commitment of the country to also carry out reforms recommended under the ECOWAS Protocol to promote regional integration. Mr. Sumaila expressed optimism for a bright medium term prospects for Sierra Leones economy, which he estimated to have recovered by 4.9 percent in 2016, and a projected growth of 5.4 percent in 2017 and 6.1 percent in 2018. He went on to assure that inflation will return to a single digit in 2017, with the countrys gross foreign reserve averaging at 4 months of import cover in the medium term, and that the exchange rate is expected to stabilize as exports increase combined with the implementation of prudent fiscal and monetary policies. We are therefore hopeful that Sierra Leone will satisfy the convergence criteria and become a member of the ECOWAS Monetary Union in 2020, Mr. Sumaila assured. During the 34th Meeting of the Committee of Governors of Central Banks of the WAMZ, the Vice Governeur of the Banque Centrale de la Republique de Guinea, Mr. Gnanga Komata Gounou on behalf of Dr. Lounceny Nabe, the outgoing Chairman of the Committee of Governors, pointed out that the global economic environment was fraught with uncertainties emanating from persistent economic slowdown that is exacerbated by the Brexit and the elections in the United States of America. These he maintained are challenging for the regional integration project in the sub region. He therefore called for further reflection that will bring about credible and realistic options that would ensure informed decisions in the WAMZ. He lauded the contributions of WAMI in the areas of payments system development, promotion of trade related issues and strengthening the financial sector in the region. Dr. Kaifala Marah, newly elected as Chairman of the Committee welcomed delegates to the meeting and conveyed fraternal salutation from President Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma, and the Government and people of Sierra Leone. He paid tribute to outgoing Chairman of the Committee, Dr. Lounceny Nabe for steering the affairs of the WAMZ over the last six months, particularly highlighting his exemplary leadership and commitment to the goals of the WAMZ. Dr. Marah reaffirmed Sierra Leones commitment to the WAMZ integration agenda. He highlighted the challenges faced by the country at the domestic front, pointing out that the country was contending with hikes in prices of basic commodities as a result of exchange rate depreciation and domestic food supply shocks. He also noted that the recent upward adjustment of domestic prices of petroleum products has also brought in its wake additional pressures on domestic prices of goods. He however expressed his determination to get the inflation under control and achieve exchange rate stability. He went on to note that until 2016, Sierra Leone had been consistently achieving the three primary convergence criteria, but that due to the challenges encountered in 2016, performance on the primary convergence scale deteriorated to only one criterion. Despite these challenges, we will pursue policies to re-establish compliance with all four primary criteria, while improving performance on the secondary convergence scale. He assured his colleague Governors of the countrys commitment to the proposed WAMZ Commission, and indicated that broad consultations would be held with relevant stakeholders to discuss the study done by WAMI and make their considerations known. Dr. Marah reechoed the several common challenges facing Member States that include, weak infrastructure and the attendant financing gap for infrastructure development and underscored the importance of addressing them collectively. According to him, one of the ways of tackling infrastructure financing gap is through the use Pension Funds of Member States of the WAMZ which he expressed belief, has worked in other economies. The Director-General of WAMI, Dr. Abwaku Englama in his statement to the Governors indicated that from the latest assessment of Member States performance on the primary convergence criteria (end June 2016), he maintained that only Liberia satisfied all four criteria, with Guinea and Nigeria satisfying three each; Ghana satisfying two while The Gambia and Sierra Leone satisfied one each. With regards the secondary convergence criteria, Dr. Englama noted that Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone satisfied all, while Nigeria, The Gambia and Guinea satisfied one criterion each. Dr. Englama recalled that the study on the establishment of the WAMZ Commission was initiatied by the Convergence Council of the WAMZ at its 34th Meeting held on July 17, 2014 in Abuja, Nigeria, following the abandonment of the Two-track Approach to monetary integration. Meanwhile following thorough deliberations on the issues under discussion, the Convergence Council decided on the following, inter alia: Adopted the report on the macroeconomic development and convergence in the WAMZ as at end June 2016 and urged Member States to: Endeavour to diversify their economies so as to minimize the impact of shocks, domestic or external, as well as stimulating their economies through targeted spending in growth-enhancing sectors for employment generation and poverty reduction; Strengthen fiscal consolidation through expenditure rationalization and revenue mobilization measures. Tax administration must be strengthened, including enforcement strategies aimed at curbing tax evasion and excessive duty waivers in a bid to enhance revenue collection and consequently improving on the fiscal deficit to GDP ratio; Restrain the rising wage bill in some Member Countries through the development and implementation of the Public Financial Management Reforms; Member States that are yet to commence implementing the CET should make efforts to resolve issues hindering the take-off as those countries which have implemented the CET have not suffered any revenue losses; Directed WAMI to undertake a study on the implications of fragility and vulnerabilities of Member States economies on the convergence process with implementable recommendations at the next statutory meetings; Directed WAMI to finalise and represent the paper on Managing Commodity Price Shocks in the WAMZ: The Role of Fiscal Monetary, and Exchange RATE Policies at the next Statutory Meetings; Endorsed the transformation of WAMI into a Commission based on Scenario 2(the lean structure) with an estimated cost of US$6.166,831.51 for the first year as against Scenario 1 with a cost estimate of US$12,121,949.30; Approve the roadmap leading to the establishment of the proposed WAMZ Commission, including the preparation of a project document, proposals for the amendment of the WAMZ Agreement and the convening of WAMZ Heads of State Summit to consider and approve the establishment of the Commission; Urged the beneficiary Member States to fund, on equal basis, the shortfall of US$86,796.20 on the WAMZ Payments System Project arising from the exchange rate losses due to appreciation of the US dollar against Unit of Account; Directed WAMI to prepare a proposal and seek funding for the WAMZ Payments and Settlement System (WAMZPASS), which will establish among other functions, an inter-linkage between the RTGS of the WAMZ Member States via SWIFT to facilitate cross border trade through efficient and safe transfer of funds and also serve as a platform for quoting and trading in WAMZ national currencies; Noted the report on the progress made in capital market integration in West Africa and urged Member States to redouble efforts to address the inhibiting constraints to deepen the process in the WAMZ; Directed WAMI to establish three sub-committees i.e. Legal and Institutional, Payments System and Operations, to facilitate the work of the Expert Committee on Quoting and Trading in WAMZ national currencies; Noted the Report on the 8th Forum of WAMZ Trade Ministers and urged Member States to implement the recommendations of the Forum to accelerate trade integration in the Zone and the wider ECOWAS region; Noted the Report on the newly constructed WAMZ Trade Integration Index and directed WAMI to update and publish it annually; Noted the progress on the implementation of the extended ACBF Capacity Building Project and tasked WAMI to explore other financing sources for capacity building for the achievement of the goals of the WAMZ; Approved the WAMI Work Programme and Budget for 2017 in the sum of US$4, 894,674.31 with additional US$65,000.00 to reinforce the activities of the CSWAMZ, bringing the total budget to US$4, 957,563.54. Member States contribution amounts to US$4,301,666.54, a surplus of US$635,897.00 and interest income of US$20,000.00; Directed WAMI to update the staff Manual and submit it for approval; Directed WAMI to submit periodic internal audit reports to the Committee of Governors; Approved the implementation of Provident Fund Scheme for the few non-seconded WAMI staff; Approved the Statutory Retirement Age at WAMI to be sixty years, and; Approved the extension of contracts of those who have attained the age of sixty prior to this recommendation to end-June 2017. Under any other business, the Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of The Gambia, Mrs. Oumie Savage-Samba, on behalf of the Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs and the Governor of the Central Bank of The Gambia, conveyed the sincere thanks and appreciation of the people and Government of The Gambia to His Excellency, Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma, President of the Republic of Sierra Leone, for his role in the resolution of the recent political impasse in The Gambia. Minister of Finance and Economic Development of Sierra Leone, Mr. Momodu L. Kargbo recognized the significant contributions of Heads of regional integration institutions, i.e. ECOWAS Commission, WAMA, WAMI WAIFEM to economic integration and capacity building in West Africa. This was acknowledged and accepted by Dr. Abwaku Englama, Director-General of WAMI on behalf of his colleagues. The next meeting of the Convergence Council would be held in Monrovia, Liberia at a date to be communicated to Member States in due course. By Sayoh Kamara, PRO MoFED Friday March 03, 2017

See original here:

Sierra Leone News: STATUTORY MEETINGS OF WAMZ AND WAMA END IN FREETOWN WITH RENEWED ... - Awoko

Posted in Socio-economic Collapse | Comments Off on Sierra Leone News: STATUTORY MEETINGS OF WAMZ AND WAMA END IN FREETOWN WITH RENEWED … – Awoko

Thousands in women’s rights march in Polish capital – thenews.pl

Posted: at 3:47 pm

PR dla Zagranicy

Victoria Bieniek 06.03.2017 08:03

Some 4,000 people gathered in Warsaw on Sunday in a march for women's rights ahead of International Women's Day on Wednesday.

The 18th such annual march, which drew crowds of 3,700, according to police figures, and 4,000 according to City Hall, was entitled Against authoritarian abuse.

Meanwhile, several dozen pro-life protesters gathered outside Warsaw City Hall in opposition to the march, carrying posters with images of aborted foetuses.

Organisers of the main march said that the protest was not anti-government as such, but against cumulative oppression, be it institutional, systemic, economic, physical, sexual....

However, many of the banners held up by marchers carried messages about reproductive rights, following the Polish government's recent decision to consider a bill which would make the morning-after pill and hormonal contraceptives available only on prescription.

Marchers also criticised the abortion compromise, the colloquial name given to Poland's restrictive abortion laws.

Another 40 Polish cities also hosted women's protests over the weekend.

International Women's Day marks the anniversary of a workers' strike in New York in 1910, when 15,000 female textile factory employees stopped work, demanding better work conditions and voting rights.

The factory owner locked strikers in the building and 129 of them died in a fire. (vb/pk)

Source: PAP

Originally posted here:

Thousands in women's rights march in Polish capital - thenews.pl

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on Thousands in women’s rights march in Polish capital – thenews.pl

Probe: Artist Blacklist Antidemocratic Oppression – KBS WORLD Radio – KBS WORLD Radio News

Posted: at 3:47 pm

The independent counsel team has concluded that the governments blacklisting of artists critical of the government was an antidemocratic oppression carried out for the sake of factional interests. The probe team announced the final results of its probe into the Choi Soon-sil scandal on Monday. The team said that former Presidential Chief of Staff Kim Ki-choon and former Culture Minister Cho Yoon-sun led the creation of the blacklist. The team said that the blacklist had hurt not only artists but also people in general by violating the freedom of creation and undermining cultural diversity by excluding certain artists from getting state subsidies just because they had different views. The team said that the blacklist was drafted out of the belief that criticism of the government is a challenge to the free democracy system, and constitutes a serious crime against the basic values of the Constitution. The team also said the blacklisting of artists also crippled the career civil service system, forcing Culture Ministry officials to become lackeys in the crime. Meanwhile, key figures in drafting the blacklist, including the former presidential chief of staff, have blasted the probe results and have refused to accept them.

See original here:

Probe: Artist Blacklist Antidemocratic Oppression - KBS WORLD Radio - KBS WORLD Radio News

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on Probe: Artist Blacklist Antidemocratic Oppression – KBS WORLD Radio – KBS WORLD Radio News

John Oliver Experiences Entertaining Enlightenment With The Dalai Lama – Decider

Posted: at 3:47 pm


Economic Times
John Oliver Experiences Entertaining Enlightenment With The Dalai Lama
Decider
While we carry a vague admiration for the Dalai Lama, the Chinese government openly despise him. Oliver reflected on Hollywood's brief obsession with Tibet's oppression (and even got a Moonlight Oscar flub joke in there!), and explained that the Dalai ...
Watch John Oliver Interview Dalai Lama Over Reincarnation ControversyRollingStone.com

all 54 news articles »

See original here:

John Oliver Experiences Entertaining Enlightenment With The Dalai Lama - Decider

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on John Oliver Experiences Entertaining Enlightenment With The Dalai Lama – Decider

The Oppression of Eve: Was Patriarchy Actually The First Sin? – Patheos (blog)

Posted: at 3:47 pm

Lets play a little thought game together, shall we? It will require us all to unlock the box in which we hold our thinking, let it burst wide open like a shaken soda bottle, or one of those Cooking Fail memes about pressure cookers. I had this thought the other day, when I was doing something completely unrelated. Probably I was working out. Anyway, heres the thought:

I know. Crazy, right?

Of course, I dont come to the text as a Bible scholar. I dont have an understanding of the ancient languages, and Im not a theologian. I do, however, come to the text as a believer, and an oppressed one at that.

Now, let me say, too, that I am a highly privileged oppressee. I get that. Im white, middle class, Christian, cis, straight, able-bodied. I am essentially one step away from the top of the privilege heap, and I acknowledge that. But the fact is, its been almost 100 years since women won the right to vote, and yet all that time later, werestill paid less than men; werestillunder-represented in board rooms and in government; westill have slut shaming;rapes of womenstill go un- or under-punished; and we still have men who say things like women should not teach menand rank womens ministries and Bible study lower in importance, according to some ridiculous metric found nowhere in the scripture, ever.

And this is just here in America. Land of the free.

So when I say I come to the text as an oppressed person, this is what I am talking about: the fact that due strictly to my physical sex and my gender identity, I am not permitted to live out the fullest expression of who I am as a human being because of patriarchy. I can not earn my fullest potential income nor hold my highest possible office; I can realistically expect to not be allowed to be called a pastor or preach to men (should I ever want to); I can not rest assured that, if I were ever assaulted, I would not be blamed for that assault while my assailant goes free.

In this country and in others, there are people far more oppressed than I am. Ive heard arguments that say thats a good reason for me to shut up and stop whining. I take the opposite stance. Its more important than ever for me to work for my complete freedom, because in doing so, I dig the pathway to liberation a little deeper for others on the same road. I walk alongside them on this journey.I do this with a deep humility, a burning desire for justice, and a massive love for God.

There are two things that strike me as soon as I read the creation story, and bear witness to the interaction between the first man and woman: the othering of Eve, and the ownership of Eve.

I cant decide if the othering of Eve comes from the text itself, or the way weve been conditioned to read the text through millennia of misogyny and patriarchy. Certainly at first, in Genesis 2, the relationship between Adam and God seems central and primary, and Eve seems to be an afterthought. Is that because the story was written down by a man? How would the story be different if it was being told by a woman? Or is it simply the way we read the text that makes us assume thats what its doing?

But Genesis 1 doesnt make it seem like Eve was an afterthought at all. Genesis 1 makes it seem like God had Eve in mind all along. Right there, on day six, God made all living things that walk the land, and she was there. Verse 27 is clear: God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.

And verse 26 seems to give them both equal dominion over the earth: Then God said, Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground. (bold italic emphasis mine).

Despite this, somewhere in our readings, Eve took a backseat in this dominion; she was othered as the afterthought, not viewed as the equal, created human that she was an original idea, all her own, and just as central to Gods creation as the man. Somehow, Eve got shoved out of the picture and out of her God-given status and power. We started viewing Eve as secondary and peripheral to Adam, even though Genesis 1 makes it clear she was there from the beginning.

The whole Genesis 2 thing about Eve being Adams helper might have something to do with that. But heres where that knowledge of ancient languages might come in handy (should I ever have time to study those in depth). Our more modern-day reading applies a sort of Mad Men interpretation to this partnership suddenly the Biblical Eve is pictured in our minds holding a pencil sharpener and a steno pad, perhaps, or an apron and a mixing spoon. The image is decidedly ofassistant to a superior,a worker to her boss, a housewife to the king of the castle. But thats not actually the meaning of the original Hebrew.

The original Hebrew word for helper is ezer, and in other places in which this word is used in the Bible, it never refers to any sort of subordination. If anything, it refers to a form of protection; it speaks of the way God helps us. The qualification of that helper is one that is suitable for him, which implies equality, and the reason was Adams loneliness. In other words, the animals were not enough to keep Adam from feeling alone. God, knowing this from the beginning, always intended to create an equal partner for him.

Which brings me to the ownership of Eve, and first sin. Lets start with the ownership part.

God is having a blast with Adam, letting him name all the animals. Naming was a big deal in the ancient Hebrew society, and its interesting to note that in many cases in the OT, women were responsible for naming their children. When God realizes its time for Eves arrival, and he brings her to Adam, the scripture does not say that God told Adam to name her, too. It just says he presented her to Adam. The man, in his excitement, names her woman, and by doing so, he takes ownership of her.

We are not privy to Gods reaction to this, and I think weve all assumed that the lack of a response from God equates to his approval of Adams ownership of Eve. Im playing with the idea that this assumption is wrong. God never actually approves of Adams naming of Eve. Instead, the very next scene involves the serpent.

The serpent addresses the woman, who chooses to eat from the tree that God had declared off limits. But heres something interesting: in all my previous readings of this, indeed for all of history, the burden of sin has been placed squarely on Eves shoulders, leading society to label her the original sinner and a temptress at that. Personally, in all my readings and ponderings of this scene, Ive picture Eve taking a solitary stroll through the garden, the serpent tempting her to eat, and then Eve rushing back to the house where Adam is watching the game and saying, Babe, you gotta try this fruit, its amazing! But thats not what happened.

According to scripture, Adam was right there with her, all along.

Genesis 3:6 says, She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. (emphasis mine)

So rather than the narrative Ive always had in my head, a more accurate story is that Adam and Eve were taking a stroll after dinner, and the serpent came up and suggested fruit for dessert. Eve thought it sounded pretty good, andso did Adam.Nowhere in the Bible do we hear Adam tell the serpent to beat it, or say to his wife, Sweetie, thats a really bad idea, and he certainly didnt say, Hey now, thats all on you. Im good. No thanks. Nope. He was there the whole time, going along with the whole thing, having dessert.

FINALLY God comes back from the sabbatical he was on, probably in Florida or something, and there is sin to be dealt with. But heres my question:

What if theoriginalsin was not the eating of the fruit, but Adams ownership and subordination through naming of she who was supposed to be his equal partner?

What ifit was the oppression of Eve that the serpent exploited, promising her the justification, the wholeness and fullness of her humanity that Adam had stolen by rushing to name her?

What if original sin is this crazy desire we have to oppress other people, and then call their pain and resistance to that oppression pride?

To look at the whole story, we have to of course come to Jesus. The creation story is finished in Him; everything is redeemed through Christ. And while Jesus did accomplish his mission within the framework of patriarchy, he subverted it every chance he got.And the rest of the Christian canon makes it clear that the oppression of peoples is NOT a hobby in which Christians should partake.

The more I read the scripture, the more I learn about Jesus, the more I discover the songs of liberation that weave through the verses like a wild melody. Jesus came to set captives free a freedom that is full and whole and completely accessible to everyone. The freedom of Jesus is meant to allow us fully express our created selves, and to squeeze our potential dry and use it all for good.

What if weve been reading it wrong all this time? What would that mean, and how would we live life differently? If Jesus said specifically that he came to set captives free, that tells me that ending oppression is at the at the top of Gods to do list. What if weve been participating in oppression all this time?

What if?

*I know it wasnt technically an apple. Lets not hyper-focus on the wrong fruit.

Originally posted here:

The Oppression of Eve: Was Patriarchy Actually The First Sin? - Patheos (blog)

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on The Oppression of Eve: Was Patriarchy Actually The First Sin? – Patheos (blog)

How America Became a Colonial Ruler in Its Own Cities – Vanity Fair

Posted: at 3:47 pm

NO EXIT A protest after the shooting death of Michael Brown, Ferguson, Missouri, November 2014.

By Wally Skalij/Los Angeles Times/Polaris.

What most endures about Richard Nixons 1968 speech to the Republican convention is his rhetoric about law and orderrhetoric that, half a century later, were hearing once again from a new Republican president. But that was not, to my mind, the speechs most important theme. Nixon understood that black demands for equalityas cities were torn by riots, with ink on civil-rights legislation barely dryhad to be acknowledged and given their rhetorical due. Let us build bridges, my friends, Nixon said, build bridges to human dignity across that gulf that separates black America from white America. Black Americans, no more than white Americans, they do not want more government programs which perpetuate dependency. They dont want to be a colony in a nation.

A colony in a nation. Nixon meant to conjure an image of a people reduced to mere recipients of state handouts rather than active citizens shaping their own lives. And in using the image of a colony to make his point, he was, in his odd way, channeling the spirit of the time.

As anti-colonial movements erupted in the 1960s, colonized people across the globe recognized a unity of purpose between their struggles for self-determination and the struggle of black Americans. Black activists, in turn, recognized their own circumstances in the images of colonial subjects fighting an oppressive white government. Americas colonial history looked quite different from that of, say, Rhodesia, but on the ground, the structures of oppression seemed remarkably similar.

Nixon was, of course, correct that black Americans dont want to be a colony in a nation. And yet that is what he helped bring about. Over the half-century since Nixon delivered those words, we have created precisely that, and not just for black Americans but for brown Americans and others: a colony in a nation. A territory that isnt actually free. A place controlled from outside rather than from within. A place where the law is a tool of control, rather than a foundation for prosperity. We have created a political regimeand, in its day-to-day applications, a regime of criminal justicelike the one our Founders inherited and rejected, a political order they spilled their blood to defeat.

Another night in Ferguson.

By Ed Zurga/EPA/Redux.

American criminal justice isnt one system with massive racial disparities but two distinct systems. One (the Nation) is the kind of policing regime you expect in a democracy; the other (the Colony) is the kind you expect in an occupied land. Policing is a uniquely important and uniquely dangerous function of the state. We know that dictatorships use the police in horrifying wayswe call them police states for a reason. But the terrifying truth is that we as a people have created the Colony through democratic means. We have voted to subdue our fellow citizens; we have rushed to the polls to elect people promising to bar others from enjoying the fruits of liberty. A majority of Americans have put a minority under lock and key.

In her masterly chronicle of American mass incarceration, The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander argues convincingly that our current era is defined by its continuity with previous eras of white supremacy and black oppression. Her contention is that as Jim Crow was dismantled as a legal entity in the 1960s it was reconceived and reborn through mass incarceration. Alexander writes, Rather than rely on race, we use our criminal justice system to label people of color criminals and then engage in all the practices we supposedly left behind . . . . As a criminal, you have scarcely more rights, and arguably less respect, than a black man living in Alabama at the height of Jim Crow. We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it.

I covered the unrest in Ferguson, in the aftermath of the shooting by police of Michael Brown, and Alexanders analysis seemed undeniable. Clearly the police had taken on the role of enforcing an unannounced but very real form of segregation in that St. Louis suburb. Here was a place that was born of white flight and segregation, nestled among a group of similar hamlets that were notoriously sundown towns, the kind of place where police made sure black people didnt tarry or stay the night. And despite the fact that Fergusons residents were mostly black, the towns entire power structure was white, from the mayor to the city manager to all but one school-board member, as well as all but one city-council member. The police chief was white, and the police force had three black cops out of a total of 53 officers.

Eight months later, I was on the streets of Baltimore after a young black man, Freddie Gray, died from injuries suffered while in the custody of policehis spinal cord was snapped in a police van. The stories and complaints I heard from the residents there sounded uncannily like those I had heard in Ferguson. But if Ferguson was the result of a total lack of black political power, that didnt seem to be the case, at least not at first look, in Baltimore: the city had black city-council members, a black mayor, a very powerful black member of Congress, a black states attorney, and a police force that was integrated.

If Ferguson looked like Jim Crow, Baltimore was something else. The old Jim Crow comprised twin systems of oppression: on the one hand, segregation across public and private spheres that kept black people away from social and economic equality; on the other, systematic political disenfranchisement that made sure black citizens werent represented democratically. It required two separate pieces of landmark legislation, the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, to destroy these twin systems.

Through ceaseless struggle, and federal oversight, the civil-rights movement ended de jure segregation and created the legal conditions for black elected political powerblack state representatives, black mayors, black city-council members, black police chiefs, even a few black senators and a black president. But this power has turned out to be strikingly confined and circumscribed, incorporated into the maintenance of order through something that looksin many placesmore like the centuries-old model of colonial administration.

From India to Vietnam to the Caribbean, colonial systems have always integrated the colonized into government power, while still keeping the colonial subjects in their place.

Half the cops charged in the death of Freddie Gray were black; half were white. The Baltimore police chief is black, as is the mayor. And Freddie Gray, the figure upon whom this authority was wielded?

Well, to those in the neighborhood, there was never any question what race he would be.

This is what distinguishes our era of racial hierarchy, the era of Black Lives Matter and the First Black President. Black political power has never been more fully realized, but blackness feels for so many black people just as dangerous as ever. Black people can live and even prosper in the Nation, but they can never be truly citizens. The threat of the nightstick always lingers, even for, say, a famous and distinguished Harvard professor of African and African-American studies who suddenly found himself in handcuffs on his own stately porch in Cambridge, Massachusetts, just because someone thought he was a burglar.

Race defines the boundaries of the Colony and the Nation, but race itself is a porous and shifting concept. Whiteness both is nonexistent and confers enormous benefits. Blackness is both a conjured fiction and so real it can kill. In their collection of essays called Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life, Karen and Barbara Fields trace the semantic trick of racial vocabulary, which invents categories for the purpose of oppression, while appearing to describe things that already exist out in the world. Over time these categories shift, both as reflections of those in power and as expressions of solidarity and resistance in the face of white supremacy.

IN THE NATION, YOU HAVE RIGHTS; IN THE COLONY, YOU HAVE COMMANDS.

Because our racial categories are always shifting and morphing, disappearing and reappearing, so too are the borders between the Colony and the Nation. In many places, the two territories alternate block by block, in a patchwork of unmarked boundaries and detours that are known only by those who live within them. Its like the fictional cities of Beszel and Ul Qoma in China Mivilles speculative fantasy detective novel, The City & the City. Though the cities occupy the same patch of land, each citys residents discipline themselves to unsee the landscape of their neighbors city.

The housing complexes where Michael Brown lived and died in Ferguson, the low-rise apartments home to largely Section 8 tenants who the white Republican mayor, James Knowles, told me had been a problem, are part of the Colony. The farmers market two miles away, where the mayor was when Brown was shot, is part of the Nation. The West Side of Cleveland, where 12-year-old Tamir Rice was shot and killed while playing in a park, is part of the Colony. The West Side of Baltimore, where Freddie Gray died, is part of the Colony. The South Side of Chicago, where Laquan McDonald was shot and killed, is also part of the Colony.

This is the legacy of a post-civil-rights social order that gave up on desegregation as a guiding mission and accepted a country of de facto segregation between nice neighborhoods and rough neighborhoods, good schools and bad schools, inner cities and bedroom communities. None of this was an accident. It was the accumulation of policyfrom federal housing guidelines and the practices of local real-estate agents to the decisions of tens of thousands of school boards and town councils and homeowners associations essentially drawing boundaries: the Nation on one side, the Colony on the other.

The aftermath of a police shooting in Charlotte, North Carolina, last September.

By Gerry Broome/A.P. Images.

In the Colony, violence looms and failure to comply can be fatal. Sandra Bland, a 28-year-old black woman who died in a Texas prison cell, was pulled over because she didnt signal a lane change. Walter Scott, the 50-year-old black man shot in the back as he fled a North Charleston police officer, was pulled over because one of the three brake lights on his car was out. Freddie Gray simply made eye contact with a police officer and started to move swiftly in the other direction.

If you live in the Nation, the criminal-justice system functions like your laptops operating system, quietly humming in the background, doing what it needs to do to allow you to be your most efficient, functional self. In the Colony, the system functions like a computer virus: it intrudes constantly, it interrupts your life at the most inconvenient times, and it does this as a matter of course. The disruption itself is normal.

In the Nation, there is law; in the Colony, there is only a concern with order. In the Nation, citizens call the police to protect them. In the Colony, subjects flee the police, who offer the opposite of protection. In the Nation, you have rights; in the Colony, you have commands. In the Nation, you are innocent until proven guilty; in the Colony, you are born guilty. Police officers tasked with keeping these two realms separate intuitively grasp the contours of the divide: as one Baltimore police sergeant instructed his officers, Do not treat criminals like citizens.

In the Nation, you can stroll down the middle of a quiet, car-less street with no hassle, as I did with the mayor of Ferguson. We chatted on a leafy block in a predominantly white neighborhood filled with stately Victorian homes and wraparound porches. There were no cops to be seen. We were technically breaking the lawyoure not supposed to walk down the middle of the streetbut no one was going to enforce that law, because, really, whats the point? Whom were we hurting?

In the Colony, just half a mile away, the disorderly act of strolling down the middle of the street could be the first link in the chain of events that ends your life at the hands of the state.

The Colony is overwhelmingly black and brown, but in the wake of financial catastrophe, de-industrialization, and sustained wage stagnation, the tendencies and systems of control developed in the Colony have been deployed over wider and wider swaths of working-class white America. If you released every African-American and Latino prisoner in Americas prisons, the United States would still be one of the most incarcerated societies on earth. And the makeup of those white prisoners is dramatically skewed toward the poor and uneducated. As of 2008, nearly 15 percent of white high-school dropouts aged 20 to 34 were in prison. For white college grads the rate was under 1 percent.

This is what makes the maintenance of the division between the Colony and the Nation so treacherous: the constant threat that the tools honed in the Colony will be wielded in the Nationthat tyranny and violence tolerated at the periphery will ultimately infiltrate the core. American police shoot an alarmingly high and disproportionate number of black people. But they also shoot a shockingly high number of white people.

It is easy, I think, for even the most sympathetic residents of the Nation to think this is all someone elses problem. Yes, of course America is over-incarcerated. Of course the killing of unarmed black men by the police is awful. And yes, of course Id like to see that all change. But its fundamentally someone elses issue.

Its not.

Eric Garner died a 10-minute walk from the ferry terminal. In the park across the street, men gamble at a game called quarters. Outside of the Bay Beauty Supply, there is a small Plexiglas memorial with flowers in it. The man selling incense and oils outside of the store says he made the memorial. He says he had been on that street hustling, like Garner, for more than 30 years. He says he knew Eric and saw him in the neighborhood the day before he died.

On the way over, the cab driver says the cops are much better after the riot. He says there are bad apples everywhere, but that the neighborhood is like any other. Its quiet, with the occasional bass thump from passing cars. People say hello; women push babies in strollers; a father drives back from McDonalds with his two children. A bartender says: Make us look good. Were not monsters. Were not evil. Families live in those homes.

Baltimore is so beautiful. The houses are gorgeous, the streets are wide, and there are ample green spaces. One problem is that the neighborhoods havent been kept up, the streets arent cared for, and the green spaces are scarcely usable. Its sad because it seems like the entire neighborhood could turn around in an instant if there were even a little bit of money spent in the community of the forgotten. There were people outside talking, but it was a pretty quiet scene.

Tamir Rice was killed less than two seconds after police officers approached him on a cold day in a beautiful park behind an elementary school. On this day, it is a place that is full of children playing, but there are no adults in sight. It seems like a pretty safe space.

The Triple S Mart is a popular store with cars in and out of the parking lot. It had just rained and they have the memorial covered with a tarp. Some people driving through town stop and say they had never noticed the memorial before. Two people approach from across the street and ask to introduce the artist of the mural. They say they are interested in museum and gallery exhibitions and grant funding for their projects. The truth is, these places are not always as dangerous as they seem.

Walter Scott was killed in an empty field in an unremarkable suburb north of Charleston. It is nerve-racking to walk into that field, because it is difficult to tell if it is private or public property. It feels terrible to walk in the same line of fire as Scott did in order to make the photographs. The photo shoot was not a long one.

Akai Gurley died in a dark stairwell inside a project building on Linden Boulevard. Directly across the street, cops stand on the corner under high-intensity lights. While Graves took the first photograph, four consecutive gunshots rang out, loud but out of view. Seconds later, five teenagers ran past. The cops stationed on the corner crossed the wide lanes of traffic in an instant to the project side of the block. At the end of the photo shoot, there were at least 50 cops on the block, and half of Linden Boulevard was closed.

PreviousNext

Eric Garner died a 10-minute walk from the ferry terminal. In the park across the street, men gamble at a game called quarters. Outside of the Bay Beauty Supply, there is a small Plexiglas memorial with flowers in it. The man selling incense and oils outside of the store says he made the memorial. He says he had been on that street hustling, like Garner, for more than 30 years. He says he knew Eric and saw him in the neighborhood the day before he died.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

On the way over, the cab driver says the cops are much better after the riot. He says there are bad apples everywhere, but that the neighborhood is like any other. Its quiet, with the occasional bass thump from passing cars. People say hello; women push babies in strollers; a father drives back from McDonalds with his two children. A bartender says: Make us look good. Were not monsters. Were not evil. Families live in those homes.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Baltimore is so beautiful. The houses are gorgeous, the streets are wide, and there are ample green spaces. One problem is that the neighborhoods havent been kept up, the streets arent cared for, and the green spaces are scarcely usable. Its sad because it seems like the entire neighborhood could turn around in an instant if there were even a little bit of money spent in the community of the forgotten. There were people outside talking, but it was a pretty quiet scene.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Tamir Rice was killed less than two seconds after police officers approached him on a cold day in a beautiful park behind an elementary school. On this day, it is a place that is full of children playing, but there are no adults in sight. It seems like a pretty safe space.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Philando Castile was killed in front of his family, very close to the northern entrance of the Minnesota State Fair, before it opened for the season. On the day of this photo shoot, there must have been more than 100,000 people in attendance. The road where he died is large and empty, and you can see far in each directiona normal turnpike by any measure.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

The Triple S Mart is a popular store with cars in and out of the parking lot. It had just rained and they have the memorial covered with a tarp. Some people driving through town stop and say they had never noticed the memorial before. Two people approach from across the street and ask to introduce the artist of the mural. They say they are interested in museum and gallery exhibitions and grant funding for their projects. The truth is, these places are not always as dangerous as they seem.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Walter Scott was killed in an empty field in an unremarkable suburb north of Charleston. It is nerve-racking to walk into that field, because it is difficult to tell if it is private or public property. It feels terrible to walk in the same line of fire as Scott did in order to make the photographs. The photo shoot was not a long one.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Akai Gurley died in a dark stairwell inside a project building on Linden Boulevard. Directly across the street, cops stand on the corner under high-intensity lights. While Graves took the first photograph, four consecutive gunshots rang out, loud but out of view. Seconds later, five teenagers ran past. The cops stationed on the corner crossed the wide lanes of traffic in an instant to the project side of the block. At the end of the photo shoot, there were at least 50 cops on the block, and half of Linden Boulevard was closed.

Photograph by Kris Graves.

Adapted from A Colony in a Nation, by Chris Hayes, to be published this month by W. W. Norton & Company; 2017 by the author.

Follow this link:

How America Became a Colonial Ruler in Its Own Cities - Vanity Fair

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on How America Became a Colonial Ruler in Its Own Cities – Vanity Fair

The Readers’ Forum: Monday letters – Winston-Salem Journal

Posted: at 3:47 pm

KENNETH D. VANHOY, Kernersville

Ignorance showed up on the front page of the Journal on Feb. 15 (Protesters urge Burr to save health-care act). They want Sen. Richard Burr to hold a town meeting. For one purpose only. They want to show their true colors by throwing slurs and ignorant remarks at him, just like the idiots did in Washington on Jan. 21. This kind of rhetoric comes from immoral, uneducated, illiterate people.

This newspaper has printed all of the insults that have been thought of by writers to The Readers Forum against President Trump and the Republicans. I hope that you will have the decency to print a few remarks from the other side.

By the way, we have a governor, Roy Cooper, and a few other immoral people, such as popular basketball coaches, who fit the requirements to enter Satans hot house. They oppose HB2.

Our young people have been filled with inherited ignorance from high school to college and from their homes, where it all begins. The Democratic Party and the ACLU are the main supporters of this corruption. As long as we hold onto this way of life we will never have a country to be proud of.

MARY MARTHA SMOAK, Winston-Salem

I thought for a long time about Scott Sextons Feb. 26 column, Toddlers shooting is more than just an accident. Thats a fair summary of the absolute neglect of parents to safely store a handgun.

I know the parents are experiencing great sorrow over the pain and suffering of their 2-year-old son. I am not hard-hearted. I am a parent to two grown children and the grandmother of a toddler and preschooler. I am sure the parents of the victim in question never intended for the 2-year-old to shoot himself.

But what else might one expect when leaving a loaded gun in plain view of a toddler in an unattended vehicle for even two minutes?

The class-one misdemeanor is at best a weak law when a child is harmed.

Sextons column outlines statistics collected by many others who are concerned with the harm and death resulting from guns owned by adults in this country who apparently are not competent of gun ownership for self-protection or hunting wildlife.

The National Rifle Association and a Congress that is willing to be manipulated by the almighty dollar seem to be a Goliath that cant be taken down. When all the useless deaths and accidental and/or mass shootings of children and adults in America do not lead to justifiable change in ownership of fire arms, what are we to do? Writing letters and making calls to our representatives seems to have little if any effect in reducing the pain and suffering of the innocent.

TRACY STOTTLER, Kernersville

The writer of the Feb. 28 letter A simple admonition says the protest against the billboard, Real men provide. Real women appreciate it. is just another sign of intolerant political correctness. I always find it curious that people in this country, which was founded by a group resisting government oppression, want to mock and devalue the importance of protests.

The Civil War was a protest. Women were given the right to vote through protesting. Desegregation happened because of protest. I think many people have become so complacent and accepting of things that they forget the value of protesting. Or maybe some people are more focused on their own interests or just dont care. Everyone has that choice, but they should not judge and disparage the people who feel otherwise.

The women (and men) who were at this event see an issue with patriarchy that needs to change. No one really knows the intent of the billboard because it is anonymous. But to many, it sends a message of subjugation to women. Yes, women can vote, women can drive, women can work. However, if women were truly equal, our government and C-suites would be more fully represented. Women would be paid the same. And women wouldnt be subjected to domestic violence, rape, prostitution, human trafficking or other grotesque offenses.

So rather than simply dismiss a large group of peaceful protesters as a band of loud, liberal complainers, perhaps look deeper and ask, Tell me more and How can I help?

The Journal encourages readers comments. To participate in The Readers Forum, please submit letters online to Letters@wsjournal.com. Please write The Readers Forum in the subject line and include your full name, address and a daytime telephone number. Or you may mail letters to: The Readers Forum, P.O. Box 3159, Winston-Salem, NC 27102. Letters are subject to editing and may be published on journalnow.com. Letters are limited to 250 words. Letter writers are allowed one letter every 30 days.

If you would like a photo of yourself included with your letter, send it to us as a .jpg file.

The Journal welcomes original submissions for guest columns on local, regional and statewide topics. Essay length should not exceed 750 words. The writer should have some authority for writing about his or her subject. Our email address is: Letters@wsjournal.com. Essays may also be mailed to: The Readers Forum, P.O. Box 3159, Winston-Salem, NC 27102. Please include your name and address and a daytime telephone number.

Originally posted here:

The Readers' Forum: Monday letters - Winston-Salem Journal

Posted in Government Oppression | Comments Off on The Readers’ Forum: Monday letters – Winston-Salem Journal

National Geographic Airs Film on Rodrigo Duterte’s Drug War | Time … – TIME

Posted: at 3:47 pm

A couple of weeks before Christmas, National Geographic's Ryan Duffy joined Filipino crime beat reporters on Manila's graveyard shift. On a tip, the American rides in a convoy of press cars to the scene of a vigilante killing.

So begins a new film on the Philippines' drug war, which airs Monday. It shows the aftermath of the first of five deadly shootings reported that night; one of over 7,000 since Rodrigo Duterte began his so-called war on drugs on July 1.

Replete with footage of bagged bodies in rain-slicked slums and relatives weeping at wakes and overlaid with the Philippine President's brutal statements on killing millions of addicts Nat Geo 's film captures in motion a world rendered by James Nachtwey in his series In Manila Death Comes by Night , and by local photographers on the frontlines of the war. Duffy's reporting from crime scene, to wake, to drug rehab center roughly follows the trajectory of Rishi Iyengar's The Killing Time .

But there's also footage of a little-shown aspect of the drug war: Operation Tokhang a portmanteau of the Visayan words for "knock" and "plead." A clip shows police sweeping through a neighborhood and apparently arbitrarily detaining residents. The film suggest that the list of "surrendered" people compiled under such operations which now counts more than 1 million members might just be a hit list.

"If you dont surrender they will kill you. But then again, even if you surrender they will also kill you, the father of a son who had surrendered and was later killed by police said in the Explorer episode.

In a December survey conducted by Social Weather Station, 78% of Filipinos said they feared they or someone they knew would become a victim of extrajudicial killings yet 85% reported being satisfied with the ongoing operations to curb drugs. It's a contradiction captured neatly here. Drug addicts are not humans, one interviewee said in support of the killings. His is a popular refrain. It comes straight from the President himself: "Crime against humanity?" Duterte has memorably mused , "In the first place, Id like to be frank with you: are they humans?"

More:

National Geographic Airs Film on Rodrigo Duterte's Drug War | Time ... - TIME

Posted in War On Drugs | Comments Off on National Geographic Airs Film on Rodrigo Duterte’s Drug War | Time … – TIME

Their Friend Was Killed in Duterte’s Brutal Drug War. So These Rappers Responded in Verse – TIME

Posted: at 3:47 pm

John Harold Alcober (sitting), Marvin Haub (front) and Justine Juanillas (in recording booth) in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines on Feb. 15, 2017. Photo supplied

The studio for the Filipino hip-hop group One Pro Exclusive is a low-budget affair. Located in Pasay City, southeast of Manila, it consists of a sound booth fashioned out of wood, with foam packed inside to help reduce ambient noise. The booth has a window that looks out onto a room no bigger than a closet, where producer John Harold Alcober, 22, sits at a computer, queuing up songs and apologizing for the stuffiness of the dark, cramped surroundings. Alcober, who goes by the name Couz John, built the setup in his home in 2014. A curtain separates the room from the kitchen. Down a hallway, his relatives watch TV. Im sorry, for my studio is not full of air con, he jokes.

Are you ready? he asks Justine Juanillas, the 25-year-old rapper in the booth whose emcee name is Jay. Lets get it on.

Jay, who has spiky hair and a raspy, Lil Wayne-style delivery, launches into a verse from Hustisya , which means Justice in Tagalog. They can act blind / Your Eyes / But that cannot numb what I feel. The songs backdrop is the war on drugs in the Philippines, which has killed more than 7,000 people since President Rodrigo Duterte came to power in July. But the somber, angry composition focuses on the death of one victim, Michael Siaron , a pedicab driver and friend of the group who was shot dead on July 23, soon after the killings started. He was 30.

Read More: 12 Photographers in the Philippines Reveal the Drug War Images That Moved Them Most

The photo of the crime scene stunned the world with its gut-wrenching intimacy. Siarons widow, Jennilyn Olayres, cradled his lifeless body in her arms and wailed into the night. A placard labelled "drug pusher" had been left behind by the killers. But Siarons friends say he wasnt into drugs. The image, which was compared to Michelangelos La Piet, went viral . Supporters of Duterte said it was staged. To this day, however, it remains one of the most iconic photos of the drug war. After it was published and circulated, the world moved on and the killings continued. But the rappers in the neighborhood could not forget. They knew Siaron. He was their friend. They lived there and they had to do something.

I saw Michael the night he was killed, Jay tells TIME. When he died, my instant reaction was to write the song. The chorus in the music video version online replays powerful news footage of Olayres giving interviews and talking about the murder. In a country where speaking up against the drug war is not popular, and where wrongful death legal cases are virtually nonexistent, the song is remarkable. It also had a special guest: Siarons brother contributed the first verse.

The music is part of a wave of artistic responses to the violence. Much of it is taking place under the umbrella of a group called RESBAK, which stands for Respond and Break the Silence Against the Killings. In addition, a Medium-hosted blog called The Kill List Chronicles solicits protest literature in the time of Duterte. The list in the title refers to the collection of names authorities have used to arrest and target suspected drug users and dealers. One poem, published on Feb. 8 under the name Alma Anonas-Carpio, is called Dark Hours: "Sleep wont touch me now / Three men were shot dead outside / In the restive night," the first verse reads.

Siaron could sing, Jay says. Seriously, Michaels voice is like Adeles voice ... [He was] a very happy person. Joyful. Before releasing Justice on YouTube, One Pro Exclusive put out Yakap, or Embrace, which tells the story from the perspective of Michaels widow, Olayres, waiting for her husband to come home from driving his pedicab. The lyrics are poignant. Do you know/ The feeling of being left/ By someone you love/ Unexpectedly/ You said you will just take a ride/ For a while, raps Carlo, another member. The chorus, sung by a 16-year-old named Marvin Haub, or Vintrix, recalls the pain of the moment she found his body. Its as if my world shattered when I saw you/ Lifeless, I embraced you /Apparently that was the last night that I was with you.

Pasay City has been so deeply affected by the drug war that local media has dubbed it Patay or Dead, City. One of the victims was a five-year-old, shot dead alongside his father. Each night, residents fear more killings. After 12 a.m., the drug war starts, Jay says. Like many communities touched by the crackdown, Pasay is poor. As we walk to the studio through the local barangay, or township, we pass a social hall with an ongoing wake. Families who cant afford funerals hold wakes in the local social hall, because its cheaper. Siarons was here. We pass small food stands and a basketball court. Pedicab drivers line the street. Siaron lived nearby, beside a creek filled with trash and waste. The house, a shack without running water or a toilet, has been torn down and the remaining family have since moved away. It was as if his history had been erased.

Read More: This Photo Has Given the War on Drugs in the Philippines a Human Face

Raffy Lerma , the photographer for the Philippine Daily Inquirer who took the photo in July, has kept in touch with the family. One day a few months ago Olayres texted him about the group and their first song, Embrace. It was actually her telling her story, Lerma recalls. I felt like I was brought back to that night I also got emotional once I heard it, he tells TIME. I felt it again. Lerma contacted RESBAK, and in February, some of the members of One Pro Exclusive performed the songs at an anti-drug war concert and art exhibition in a slum neighborhood of Quezon City. Painters showed pieces that recreated crime scenes. Poets read from the stage. The rappers performed in blindfolds to signify the way, they say, many in the Philippines have turned their eyes away from the violence.

Though the songs have been posted to YouTube and Facebook and viewed thousands of times, One Pro Exclusive is not a household name in the Filipino hip-hop scene. Vintrix is in school while Jay and Alcober have day jobs. Asked if they were fearful about continuing to speak out, Jay says no. Im not scared. I think its scary to die. But [for me] its not an issue ... I want to be the voice of the masses.

Original post:

Their Friend Was Killed in Duterte's Brutal Drug War. So These Rappers Responded in Verse - TIME

Posted in War On Drugs | Comments Off on Their Friend Was Killed in Duterte’s Brutal Drug War. So These Rappers Responded in Verse – TIME

Gambling – Resources on Minnesota Issues

Posted: at 3:46 pm

Last reviewed September 2014

This guide is compiled by staff at the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library on a topic of interest to Minnesota legislators. It is designed to provide an introduction to the topic, directing the user to a variety of sources, and is not intended to be exhaustive.

These forms of gambling are legal in Minnesota: pari-mutuel betting on horse racing, a card club at Canterbury Park, Indian tribal casinos, charitable gambling and a state lottery. According to the House Research publication Gambling Revenue, state revenue from the lottery, pari-mutuel, charitable gambling and tribal casinos was $170.2 million in FY2014. For fiscal year 2015, gross receipts from lawful gambling were $1.3 billion (Annual Report 2015 Fiscal Year, Minnesota Gambling Control Board).

Types of legal gambling in Minnesota

For a more detailed legislative history, see the House Research document, Gambling in Minnesota: A Short History.

Annual Report. Roseville, MN: Minnesota State Lottery. (HG6133.M6 M57)

Annual Report of the Minnesota Gambling Control Board. Roseville, MN: Minnesota Gambling Control Board. (HV6721.M6 M56)

Annual Report of the Minnesota Racing Commission. St. Paul: Minnesota Racing Commission. (SF324.35.M6 M56)

Arts, Waltraud A. The Authority of the Minnesota Legislature to Authorize Gaming Operated by the State. Madison, WI: Quarles & Brady, LLP, 2005. (KFM5785.A78 2005)

Biggerstaff, Andrew. Online Gambling: Federal Law. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2013.

Casino City's North American Gaming Almanac. Newton, MA: Casino City Press. (Reference GV1301.C37) (This report contains market overviews by country, state, and province or territory, revenue charts and tables by gaming activity, gaming property facility and amenity profiles.)

Charitable Gambling Impact Study : A Brief Review of the Fiscal Impact of a Statewide Smoking Ban on Lawful Gambling. Roseville, MN : Minnesota Gambling Control Board, 2008. (HV6721.M6 C43 2008)

Charitable Gambling in Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2010.

The Economic Impact of Indian Gaming in Minnesota. Bemidji, MN: Minnesota Indian Gaming Association, 2016. (E78.M7 E46 2016)

Evans, William N. The Social and Economic Impact of Native American Casinos. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002. (E98.G18 E93 2002)

Financial Summary for Licensed Lawful Gambling Organizations. Roseville, MN : State of Minnesota, Gambling Control Board. (HV6721.M6 F565)

Gambling in Minnesota: An Overview. St. Paul: Minnesota State Lottery, 2013.

Gambling Taxes. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department.

Governor's Report on Compulsive Gambling. St. Paul: Office of the Governor. (RC569.5 G35 G69)

Grinols, Earl. Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. (HV6715.G76 2004)

Gambling Regulation and Oversight. St. Paul: Minnesota Office of the Legislative Auditor, Program Evaluation Division, 2005. (HV6721.M6 J86 2005)

Hansen, Alicia. Lotteries and State Fiscal Policy (Tax Foundation Background Paper). (HG6126 .H36 2004)

Indian Gambling in Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2008.

Lawful (Charitable) Gambling in Minnesota:Issues Facing the Industry. Roseville, MN: Minnesota Gambling Control Board, 2009. (HV6721.M6 L393 2009)

Lawful Gambling Manual. Roseville, MN: Minnesota Gambling Control Board. (KFM5785.Z9 L39)

Lottery Organization Task Force. Lottery Organizational Task Force Report. St. Paul: The Task Force, 2005. (HG6133.M6 L69 2005)

McCormack, Patrick J. Charitable Gambling in Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2010. (HV6721.M6 M33 2010)

Meister, Alan. Indian Gaming Industry Report. Newton, MA: Casino City Press, 2014. (E98.G18 M45 2014)

Minnesota Live. (A proposal to renovate Block E (Hennepin and First Avenues between Sixth and Seventh Streets) in downtown Minneapolis. The centerpiece would be a state-owned and operated casino.) Minnesota: HV6711 .M55 2011.

Minnesota State Lottery. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2006.

Minnesota State Lottery. St. Paul: Minnesota Office of the Legislative Auditor, Program Evaluation Division, 2004. (HG6133.M6Y86 2004)

Minnesota State Lottery July 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005. St. Paul: Financial Audit Division, Office of the Legislative Auditor, State of Minnesota, 2006. (HJ9865 .A27 no. 06-25)

Minnesota State Lottery Overview. Roseville, Minn. : Minnesota State Lottery, 2013.

Runge, C. Ford. The Workforce Economic Benefits of Minnesota Indian Gaming Association Member Tribes' Casino-Resorts. Minnesota : Minnesota Indian Gaming Association, 2007. (E78.M7 R86 2007)

Social and Economic Costs of Gambling: A Report to the 2008 Minnesota Legislature. St. Paul: Minnesota Dept. of Human Services, 2007. (HV6721.M6 S63 2007)

Stinchfield, Randy. Evaluation of State-Supported Pathological Gambling Treatment in Minnesota. Minnesota: 2008. (RC569.5.G35 S754 2008)

Texas Hold'em. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2008.

Williams, John. Charitable Gambling in Minnesota. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2005 (HV6721.M6 W55 2005)

Williams, John. Gambling in Minnesota: A Short History. St. Paul: Minnesota House of Representatives, House Research Department, 2005. (KFM5785.Z9 W54 2005)

Regulatory Statutes and Criminal Statutes (Department of Public Safety)

Links to the World: Gambling includes links to information about gambling and to groups monitoring gambling issues

Minnesota House Research Department Gambling Publications

Minnesota Indian Gaming Association

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Gaming Compacts

For historical information, check the following codes in the Newspaper Clipping Files and the Vertical Files:

G2 (Gambling), G2.4 (Gambling Charitable), G2.1 (Gambling Compulsive), G2.3 (Gambling Indian), G2.6 (Gambling Lottery), G2.10 (Gambling Pari-mutuel Betting),G 2.18 (Gambling Video Gambling/Slot Machines), M68 (Gambling Control Board), R10.8 (Racing Canterbury Park)

For additional reports at the Legislative Library, use these Library catalog searches: Gambling; Gambling (Minnesota); Indian Gaming (Minnesota); Lotteries; Lotteries (Minnesota); Compulsive Gamblers; Charitable Gambling.

Periodicals in the Librarys collection:

Gaming News, La Fleur's Magazine, Link (Minnesota State Lottery)

View original post here:

Gambling - Resources on Minnesota Issues

Posted in Gambling | Comments Off on Gambling – Resources on Minnesota Issues