Daily Archives: February 24, 2017

Ashes of Singularity: Escalation Gets an Update – CGMagazine

Posted: February 24, 2017 at 6:44 pm

The massive-scale real-time strategy game, Ashes of Singularity: Escalation, is getting an update and a discount on Feb. 23, 2017.

Stardock Entertainment (the software company behind Ashes of Singularity, Galactic Civilizations and Sins of a Solar Empire) announced today that the expansion to their popular game, Ashes of Singularity, is getting a major update on Steam. Stardock also said that in celebration of this update, players wishing to buy Ashes of Singularity: Escalation will receive a 50 per cent discount on the game from Feb. 23 to March. 3, 2017. This is fantastic for anyone wanting to get into the franchise without back-tracking on the price.

Version 2.1 of Ashes of Singularity: Escalation features new maps, rebalances several maps, adds single-player observer mode, unranked matches and an option for disabling supply lines.

"In addition to making some adjustments with AI visibility and balance, we've added features that players have been asking for, like the single-player observer mode," said Derek Paxton, Stardock's Vice President of Entertainment in a press release. "You can learn how the AI makes decisions by watching it battle during customized games using any settings or parameters you want.

Ashes of Singularity: Escalations 2.1 update comes just after Stardock merged their base game, Ashes of Singularity with the expansion pack, Escalation, into a single title. Stardock even gave all owners of the base game a complimentary copy of Escalation.

Ashes of Singularity: Escalation normally runs for $39.99 on Steam, so anyone wishing to buy the game should get it before the 50 per cent discount ends."The growing single-player modding community and the extensive multiplayer options convinced us that we needed to combine theAshes of the SingularityandEscalation communities together," said Brad Wardell, CEO of Stardock in a press release. "After all, there can only be one singularity."

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Posthuman EP | Cosmic Bridge Records

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The tenth release from Cosmic Bridge sees label head Om Unit add another exciting new artist to his expanding roster.

Jason Taylor pka Graphs, based out of Boston, Massachusetts he is the first North American member of a worldwide family that includes Kromestar and Boxcutter and has given us Moresounds, EAN and Danny Scrilla; who after making their debuts for the label have gone on to make waves.

After the success of Cosmic Bridges last, release the Om Unit curated Cosmology compilation, Om Unit was looking ahead for new blood.... he says

I found Jason through listening to his Ground Mass material. (The burgeoning US label on which Graphs has graced several compilations and ultimately released his debut Scylla EP) Graphs to me has this very focused approach, quite singular and monotonal and definately in a sense quite bleak and minimalistic. With Posthuman he draws on that robotic notion of the severed heart. He touches on the Grime and Footwork styles but maintaining this sense of originality and putting it across in his own way, something which I admire in any artist.

Graphs feels right at home on Cosmic Bridge. On Posthuman he explores the furtive middle ground between UK Drum & Bass and US Footwork. Cold and instrumental but with the potential to ignite, his label debut takes hyperkinetic drums, stringently arranged breaks and darkside synths and develops jittery, tech-stepping, rhythmic patterns with close atten- tion to atmospheric and textural detail. In doing so he provides four tracks of menacing, twitchy Footwork with exceptional potency and proper dread future shock that roll with fluid halfstep D&B and just a hint of old skool Photek. The shapeshifting slow/fast electronic parameters of this record are informed by a noirish backdrop of cyber-surreal dream states and are buoyed by brooding bass and subs that rattle your bones and incite the feet.

Jason explains

The theme of the album is the dilemma whereby technology allows us to be more than we are, but we often use that power for shallow things. I grew up on drum and bass, and a lot of that music is infused with utopian/dystopian vision. Particularly in names, either very positive or very dark and sinister. My concept here is: what if it was neither? What if it was sort of empty, as if it went on without us or without our intervention? Like how Limbo is in the movie Inception: an empty, crumbling heaven. Posthuman/posthumanism is typically a term that describes a utopian view of what comes next for humanity after some technological singularity, described by thinkers like Ray Kurzweil. So I thought it would be somewhat interesting to consider what if it was nothing? or what if the future didnt need us?.

Graphs - Posthuman EP is mastered by Beau Thomas at teneightseven, artwork is by Ground Mass label head Mark Kloud.

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Engineer says Ascension Parish elevation standards for construction are appropriate for most of the parish, with … – The Advocate

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GONZALESParish consulting engineer Michael Songy concluded Thursday that a new parish analysis of the August flood suggests the parishs elevation standards for new construction are sufficient for much of the parish.

But pressed by some council members about parish flood mitigation rules, Songy also acknowledged that to avoid flooding in the parishs lowest areas, it might be worth looking at requiring builders to elevate homes on piers or try other home-raising methods that dont require dirt.

Songy warned, however, that such rules would have to apply equally across a region or a subdivision so that all homes follow them and some are not later allowed to build on slab homes raised with dirt.

I certainly think it can be done, but it has to be done globally with an entire area or an entire development. Based upon what Im seeing here, yes, I think theres merit to that discussion, Songy said.

Songy offered the assessment at a council workshop as he presented a new analysis of the August flood in Ascension and how high the water got.

Louisiana State Climatologist Barry Keim also spoke to the council about the weather system that dropped all the rain that resulted in the flooding. Keim said rain in some areas north of Ascension Parish grossly exceeded what would be expected to fall in a 1,000-year rainfall event, or a rain that has a 0.1 percent chance of happening in a given year.

Councilmen Todd Lambert and Benny Johnson used the analysiss findings to raise questions about how the parish requires developers to account for the flooding impact on mounds of dirt used in new construction.

The fill and other drainage development rules prove controversial because residents often blame the fill required for elevation of new homes for neighboring drainage problems.

The August flood has been no exception, but Songy, as many parish officials and developers have in the past, defended the rules because no dirt can be imported into a new project and detention ponds must be built to account for the lost drainage storage capacity created by development.

Stirring the question about the elevation policies was Songys new flood analysis, which compiled a variety of data to come up with flood elevation measurements across the parish.

The analysis found that, with the exception of a limited area which roughly corresponds with the St. Amant and Lake areas near the Amite River, water levels matched within a foot to what would have been expected in a 100-year flood.

But, in the St. Amant and Lake areas of far eastern Ascension, flood water rose up as much as 2 feet higher than the predicted height of the 100-year flood.

I think the fact that if water got pretty well right to the 100-year (flood elevation) and youre asking them to build their structures 1 foot above, I think, you know, thats certainly appropriate, Songy said of the elevation standards.

When Songy offered his take on the parish elevation standards, he noted an exception for the St. Amant and Lake areas.

Parish standards require new homes be built 1 foot higher than the elevation expected in a 100-year flood, which is a flood that has a 1 percent chance of happening in a given year.

Questioned later, Songy said his firm did not yet know why those areas of St. Amant and Lake saw much higher water but are a topic for further study.

The 100-year-flood is deemed the benchmark risk level on federal flood insurance rate map. Those within the 100-year flood plain must have flood insurance on their homes if they have bank loans.

Follow David J. Mitchell on Twitter, @NewsieDave.

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Should Humans Leave Space Exploration To Robots? – Forbes

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Should Humans Leave Space Exploration To Robots?
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Should humans avoid space and leave it to our robots? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. Answer by Yousif Al-Dujaili, Head of Growth @ Boom ...

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Why Does NASA Suddenly Want Humans On New Spacecraft’s First Flight? – Vocativ

Posted: at 6:39 pm

NASA officials confirmed Friday that they are exploring the feasibility of putting astronauts on the first flight of the Orion spacecraft, the agencys successor to the space shuttle program.If NASA does make the move, it wont come without risk, as Orion and its rocket system will need serious upgrades to make them capable of safely carrying astronauts and the agency may only have a year or two to make all the necessary changes.

This request appears to have come from the Trump administration, though NASA officialsin a Friday press call left unclear the White Houses motivationsandwhether itis seriously prepared to provide the funding necessary tomake Orions first flight a crewed mission.

NASA Watch, alongstanding agency watchdog news site, reported the details of what it described as a hastily-arranged 30 minute media briefing to discuss this potential change of plans. Agency officials Bill Gerstenmaier and Bill Hill stressed this was purely an exploratory study, and they had no opinion yet on whether this was a goodor plausible idea the basic tenor of the call appears to have been that NASA is just asking questions, and concrete answers about the missions future wont be possible until the study is completed later in the spring.

That the call was barely announced andheld on a Friday afternoon suggests NASA may not have wanted the announcement to get much attention, particularly when just two days before the agency captured the public imagination with a major exoplanet discovery.

The Orion spacecraftand its accompanying rocket, the Space Launch System, are designed to let NASA pursue human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit for the first time since the Apollo program. The current plan calls for the first uncrewed mission in September 2018, with a three-week circuit around the moon. The next flight would carry astronauts for a similar lunar flyby sometime between 2021 and 2023, potentially marking the first such journey sinceApollo 17 in 1972. While an uncrewed dress rehearsal isnt always necessary the first orbitalspace shuttle flight, for instance, carried two astronauts such a major pivot in plans so soon before the planned launch date would leave NASA with precious little time to ensure the crews safety.

The potential plan under discussion would send two astronauts on an eight- or nine-day mission. The addition oflife support, emergency abort systems, and other significant upgrades to the SLS rocketneeded to make the mission capable of carrying humans would likely be both extensive and costly. The officials said the White House had at least indicated a willingness to push back the launch date if the results of the feasibility study were positive.

While this news initially appears to track with the Trump administrations previously reported preference to scrap NASAs scientific research in favor of a greater emphasis on space exploration and human space exploration in particular an earlier analysisby NASA Watch founder and former agency scientist Keith Cowing calls that into question. In his view,the priority of Trumps top space advisers like former congressmen Newt Gingrich and Robert Walker is actually on commercial space exploration.

Orion and SLS are a top priority not for them, but for a group centeredat the Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, where the spacecraft are being built, who favor the more traditional, government-backed approach that Orion represents. As Cowing suggests, bumping up the timeline for the first crewed mission could be an effort by the Marshall contingent to make Orion more appealing to the new administration, increasing the odds of its survival.

NASAs acting administrator Robert Lightfoot, who announced the feasibility study, is himself a former director of Marshall. Trump has yet to nominate a permanent NASA administrator. Until then, the future of space exploration under Trump remains uncertain. At least with Orion, more clarity should come with the release of the study later this spring.

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Editorial: Exploring other planets can help us understand our own – Longmont Times-Call

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Wednesday's announcement of the discovery of seven planets that might sustain life, founding orbiting a dwarf star, should give a boost to interest in space exploration.

Astronomers say the planets, each about the size of our Earth, could be at the right temperature to sustain oceans of water. And they are about 40 light-years away, which sounds far but is close enough to allow study.

Scientists heralded it for its potential to help determine if there is life out there.

It comes on the heels of Sunday's successful launch of a SpaceX rocket, which sent into space a payload bound for the International Space Station. The first stage of the rocket safely returned to the launch pad in Florida, the same Kennedy Space Center pad from which Apollo astronauts bound for the moon left in the 1960s and 1970s. Watching the booster return and touch down on the launch pad may have been even more interesting than the launch.

The SpaceX Dragon is expected to send an unpiloted crew capsule on a test flight later this year, preparing to carry astronauts next year.

NASA, on its website, noted: "The intangible desire to explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we have been has provided benefits to our society for centuries."

And while the space race of the 1960s was rooted in competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, today space exploration helps "foster a peaceful connection with other nations," the agency said.

That earlier space race pushed scientists to solve myriad challenges to sending a human into space, creating many new technologies and inventions. It advanced interest in the sciences.

Today's interest in space has focused far beyond the moon, to the possibility of putting humans on Mars or returning them to the moon, but at the International Space Station research also is looking into matters that could help us on Earth human physiology, plant biology, materials science and physics.

"This is the beginning of a new era in space exploration in which NASA has been challenged to develop systems and capabilities required to explore beyond low-Earth orbit, including destinations such as translunar space, near-Earth asteroids and eventually Mars," the NASA website said.

There are some who say we must leave the Earth in order to understand it.

Study of these seven newly found planets as well as the work taking place on the International Space Station may help us better understand the planet we call home.

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Rise of Silica: Nanotechnology Innovation Creates Opportunity for Novel Product Development – R & D Magazine

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Polymers (plastics) such as polyurethane and polystyrene have been the standard coating materials used in the design and development of products and equipment over the last several decades. We see and touch them numerous times on a daily basis. These coatings, while functional, have several deficiencies. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photooxidative degradation, resulting in the breaking of polymer chains. We have all likely witnessed the destruction of these types of transparent coatings, often within a remarkably few years or months of application, despite all of the modern science of additives, designed to prevent the negative effects of UV light on polymers. Polymer coatings also have low resistance to abrasion, chemicals and extreme heat. In addition, these coatings have mediocre light transmission properties and often suffer from solarization and browning.

In stark contrast, the new breed of silica-based coatings represents an evolutionary advance over polymer-based offerings. Because silica is the primary material in glass, it shares the qualities of glass superior transparency and toughness yet has the flexibility and versatility normally associated with commonplace polymer coatings. These silica-based coatings also are highly resistant to UV degradation.

Silica-based coatings are also durable enough to be applied in thicknesses that would be far too low for any polymer to be effective. Although these coatings are glass based, their ultra-thin dimensions make them quite flexible, eliminating the main concern with glass, namely its fragility. Silica coatings have better light transmission, thermal properties, and acid resistance than traditional polymer coatings. Consistent with efforts by researchers worldwide to use eco-friendly materials, these coatings are also non-toxic and contain no fossil fuel elements, unlike their oil-based polymer counterparts. Silica coatings can also be tuned to provide a multitude of other benefits, such as abrasion resistance, omniphobicity, oleophobicity, and anti-reflectivity, to name a few.

Research and development divisions can leverage silica coatings ability to act as a durable and resilient host for functional materials, which when added to the surfaces of existing products, creates a variety of enhanced effects. Such functionality can be a game changer for the creation of products only feasible with this new glass-based coating. Some examples may include copper nanoparticles to reduce barnacle accumulation on nautical vessels and UV-blocking nanoparticles to mitigate radiation for both terrestrial and interstellar uses. For others, the added functionality allows for significant improvements to existing products, making them lighter, stronger and more durable.

Some companies, such as Enki technologies and DSM NV, have developed and used silica-based coatings as anti-reflective and soil-resistant coverings to improve solar photovoltaic panel efficiency. Companies such as Kristall and South Korea-based Ceko make scratch and oil-resistant, silica-based coatings offered to R&D pros within the automobile and cell phone markets, respectively. These R&D pros, in turn, use the coating to re-engineer a number of pieces used in the manufacture of these products. Other silica-based offerings also laud their hydrophobic and graffiti-resistant abilities.

U.S.-based MetaShield has created a silica-based coating that employs leading-edge nanotech principles to provide toughness and durability to a variety of substrates. Its 1 micron thick MetaShield coating meaningfully increases the mechanical strength of ordinary glass without adding size, weight or visible distortion. The company is in advanced-stage collaborations with major glass suppliers and mobile device companies to implement their glass strengthening technology in cell phones and other electronic devices.

As silica-based coatings gain acceptance, they enable research engineers and product developers worldwide to utilize materials that would otherwise not be practical due to their weak external durability. In the end, the main question is: How do plastic coatings compare with the new, nano-enabled glass coatings? Simply put, silica based coatings herald a significant disruption in the coatings market that has been dominated by waterborne polymers for the last half century.

About the Authors: Martin Ben-Dayan is CEO, and co-founder of MetaShield, along with William Bickmore who also serves as the companys Chief Technology Officer.

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When Did WW3 Start? Let’s Talk About Sanctuary Cities and the … – Reason (blog)

Posted: at 6:38 pm

ViaMoi/flickr"When did World War 3 start?" asked an afternoon CPAC panel featuring Milwaukee County Sheriff David Clarke. He was relevant because the panel was the first of two on WW3. Today's was on "the threat at home" and tomorrow will be "the threat abroad." The panel didn't turn out that way.

"How many people feel scared?" panel moderator Ginni Thomas of the Daily Caller asked the audience at the beginning of the panel. "Can I get an amen?" Security, she noted, was a primary reason many people vote.

Clarke spoke first because, according to Thomas, he had the most Twitter followers, which was how Thomas determined the order. Clarke focused mostly on sanctuary cities and border security, saying the time had come to begin to "aggressively enforce the rule of law in America."

"Sanctuary cities are havens for criminals," Clarke insisted, ignoring the history of sanctuary cities as a policy supported by law enforcement to secure the cooperation of illegal immigrants in criminal investigations.

Clarke never got around to explaining how illegal immigration connected to WW3. He did not bring up, for example, overblown claims popular in the right-wing echo chamber about terrorist fighters crossing in from Mexico.

Instead, Clarke suggested prosecuting one mayor for the sanctuary city policy, saying that would have a chilling effect on other sanctuary city officials.

The second panelist, New Zealand author Trevor Loudon, led with the WW3 hook. "WW3 started about 1400 years ago, and it got a big boost during the Bolshevik revolution," Lauden suggested, because of Islamists and communists.

He went on to praise the U.S. for defending freedom in the South Pacific during World War 2. The U.S. "keeps all of the world stable and all of the world free," Loudon insisted, repeating tired talking points about Barack Obama's foreign policy aiding U.S. enemies and hurting U.S. allies, a strange point to hold on to during the nascent Trump administration, given President Trump's willingness to talk tough to traditional U.S. allies like Australia or NATO.

Loudon pivoted to the "radical left" plan to undermine America, tying anti-Trump protests to that effort. He called on attendees to support Trump through social media if they "cared about America," saying the medium made it possible to combat all kinds of radicals.

Former CIA employee Claire Lopez, of the Center for Security Policy, spoke third, talking about "civilization jihad."

"We are not fighting terrorism," Lopez insisted, "we are fighting the forces of Islamic jihad and sharia."

She insisted the U.S. was fighting for individual liberty, equality for all, human dignity, and the consent of the governed, saying those concepts were "anathema and even blasphemy" for Islamists. Fears over sharia law, however, are anathema to some of the ideals Lopez herself said the U.S. fought for.

It went downhill from there. Lopez claimed, without providing any specifics, that the government and national security apparatus, and even local law enforcement, were "deeply penetrated" by the Muslim Brotherhood, a common right-wing bugaboo.

The last speaker was acting Federal Trade Commissioner Maureen Olhausen. How did she fit into the theme of World War 3? She came to speak about intellectual property and warn about the effort to "devalue" intellectual property rights in the U.S., which she said discouraged investment at home and encouraged intellectual property theft abroad. Olhausen mentioned China in passing as one of those countries, but did not make it her focus nor did she place China within a working theory of a World War 3 that had already started, sticking to more generic descriptions of the U.S. being "under attack" by those who would steal intellectual property.

"It's gonna be fight every day, I'm up for it," David Clarke said during the concluding remarks. "Are you?"

The panel was disappointing. The framework of a putative World War 3 can be an interesting one through which to think through U.S. foreign policy issues and options. One could argue WW3 started on 9/11, or during the First Gulf War, or in 1979 during the Islamic revolution in Iran, or even further back. Any of these starting points could yield interesting questions about and critiques of U.S. foreign policy.

Arguably, even, neither World War 1 nor World War 2 have completely played out. Many of the tensions arising from NATO's role in the world come from it being a post-war, Cold War-era alliance operating in a post-Cold War world. Many of the geopolitical issues in the Middle East, meanwhile, can be traced to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which chose the losing side in WW1.

Instead of any of that however, perhaps unsurprisingly, the panel became a hodgepodge of security-related issues not connected by any over-arching theme other than fear. While today was supposed to be about "the threat at home," not even that became a unifying theme for the panel.

Tomorrow's panel on WW3 and "the threat abroad" starts at 8:15a.m.

Related: Don't Talk WW3 Blues

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Trump talks tough on Russia and China as he promises MORE nukes in new WW3 arms race – Daily Star

Posted: at 6:38 pm

PRESIDENT Donald Trump has declared the US will be the "top of the pack" as he vows to increase the country's nuclear weapons.

Trump announced he will "make America great again" with military expansions and increased nuclear missile capability.

The billionaire businessman also slammed existing arms reduction treaties as "one-sided" against the US amid rising tension with rival nuclear powers Russia, North Korea and China.

Trump said: "If countries are going to have nukes, were going to be at the top of the pack.

GETTY

Were going to be at the top of the pack

He added: I am the first one that would like to see everybody nobody have nukes, but were going to fall behind.

"We've fallen behind on nuclear weapon capacity.

"But we're never going to fall behind any country even if it's a friendly country."

Trump also slammed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty signed with rival nuclear power Russia as a "one-sided deal".

GETTY

His comments follow Russia's announcement their country is ready war with 41 new nuke-capable missiles amid a massive military expansion.

Trump said: "Just another bad deal that the country made, whether its START, whether its the Iran dealwere going to start making good deals."

The billionaire also blasted Putin over his cruise missile deployment in violation of the treaty.

We live in turbulent times. Trump has the keys to nuclear weapons, and could end work to prevent climate change. Putin is looming in the East, the far-right are on the rise in Europe and Kim Jong-un is developing nuclear weapons of his own. Is this the END of days?

1 / 13

Before his inauguration, Donald Trump asked a security expert three times during a briefing, why the US couldn't use nuclear weapons after he becomes president.

He added: "To me, it's a big deal ... If I meet [Putin], if and when we meet, I would bring it up.

"It's a violation of an agreement that we have."

Referring to China's military action in the South China Sea, he added: "Many things took place that should not have been allowed.

There is a reason people fear nuclear war the weapons are now so powerful they could wipe out humanity. The bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima are tiny by comparison to the destructive power of modern nuclear weapons which are thought to be over 3000 times more powerful.

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The mushroom cloud over Nagasaki, viewed from the ground.

"I know exactly what's going on between China and North Korea and everybody else.

"One of them is the building of a massive, you know, massive military complex in the middle of the South China Sea.

"Don't forget I've only been here for four weeks. This is something that took place and has been started three years ago.

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Psychedelics Could Play A Role In Tackling The Opioid Epidemic – Huffington Post

Posted: at 6:38 pm

Public health officials are calling the opioid crisis the worst drug epidemic in American history.

Overdoses claimed more than 33,000 lives in 2015, and these numbers are steadily on the rise. Its estimated that over 2 million people in the U.S. are addicted to prescription opioid pain relievers, with many more using the drugs illegally.

Potential solutions to the rapidly escalating opioid crisis have been few and far between. But a long-demonized class of illegal drugs may provide one unlikely approach to tackling widespread opiate abuse and addiction.

A new study, published last week in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, found that experience with psychedelics was linked with decreased opioid abuse and addiction an effect that appears to be unique to hallucinogens and marijuana. Conversely, use of other illegal drugs such as cocaine was associated with an increased risk of opioid abuse and dependence.

The findings underscore the positive psychological effects increasingly known to be associated with psychedelic experiences. Previous findings have linked psychedelic use with reduced psychological distress and a decreased risk of suicide, while a 2011 Johns Hopkins study showed a single trip on psilocybin (aka magic mushrooms) resulted in lasting positive personality changes such as increases in openness to experience, a trait associated with creativity and open-mindedness.

Studies have shown drugs like LSD and psilocybin as well as ayahuasca and ibogaine, plant medicines with a long history of use in indigenous cultures to be effective as therapeutic agents for addiction recovery. This new study is the first, however, to show a link between psychedelic use and decreased abuse of other illegal drugs in the general population.

For the study, the researchers analyzed data on 44,000 illicit opioid users who completed the National Survey on Drug Use and Health between 2008 and 2013, controlling for socio-economic factors like education and income level.

Among people with a history of illegal opiate use, those with some psychedelic experience were 40 percent less likely to report abusing opiates the past year, and 27 percent less likely to report opioid dependency in the past year. Marijuana use was associated with a 55 percent reduced risk of opiate abuse.

No other illegal drugs were associated with a lowered risk of opioid abuse and addiction, and some even carried an increased risk.

While the findings dont prove a causal effect, the strong correlation between psychedelic experience and reduced opioid use and abuse seems to warrant further investigation.

Of course, its important to note that psychedelics also carry a risk for abuse. But researchers have found that when used under careful conditions, in the proper set and setting,the risk for adverse effects is relatively low. (Set refers to the users mindset and expectations at the time of ingesting the drug, while setting suggests a good physical environment.) And contrary to popular myths, use of LSD and similar drugs is not associated with an increased risk of developing mental illness.

These findings are only the latest to suggest that public opinion and policy around psychedelics lags woefully behind the science. Demonized in the wake of Timothy Leary-era excesses and made into public enemies by the former Richard Nixon administration, drugs like LSD and psilocybin were made out to be dangerous and addictive.

With the passing of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970, theDrug Enforcement Agencyhas listed LSD, psilocybin and other psychedelic drugs as Schedule I substances, meaning that they were deemed to have no medical value and high risk for abuse. They are the most dangerous class of drugs with a high potential for abuse and potentially severe psychological and/or physical dependence, as the United Patients Groups explains. Drugs of this class are generally illegal.

Aside from heroin, most other opiates are listed in the less restrictive Schedule II and Schedule III, alongside other drugs considered less dangerous and more medically valuable than those in Schedule I.

Now, 50 years later, the war on drugs is widely regarded as a public policy failure. The lingering stigma against psychedelic drugs is slowly fading as rigorous scientific studies continue to demonstrate the compounds to have real medical value. An exciting and rapidly growing field of research is revealing psychedelic compounds to carry striking potential as a therapeutic agent for treating ailments ranging from post-traumatic stress disorder to cancer-related anxiety and depression to cigarette addiction.

Marijuana, which is also listed as a Schedule I drug, has also proved to be an extremely promising tool for tackling the opioid epidemic. Many patients have turned to cannabis to relieve pain and to curb their reliance on prescription painkillers and, in states where marijuana is legal, there are fewer deaths from opioid overdose. Last year, Maine became the first state to petition to include opioid addiction in the list of ailments that can be treated by medical marijuana, although the health department denied the request.

With the specter of Obamacare repeal now threatening to cut treatment access for hundreds of thousands of people with opioid use disorders, more health experts could start to embrace these promising yet unconventional treatment options in the coming years.

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