Daily Archives: February 7, 2017

Expert Weighs in on Nutrition Trends in 2017 – UMass Lowell

Posted: February 7, 2017 at 10:18 pm

Gluten-free, paleo, probiotics, juicing, smoothies, fat is bad, no-fat foods are good, kale!

Hip new diets, trendy supplements and ever-changing rules about what not to eat are the norm in the world of nutrition. With all of the information available and all of the conflicting claims t can be difficult to determine whats actually healthy and whats just hype.

So we asked Katherine Tucker, professor of nutritional epidemiology in the Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences Department, to weigh in on what new nutrition trends we can expect, which diet is actually the healthiest to follow and whether kale will still rule the day in 2017. Heres what she had to say:

1. Probiotics and prebiotics will be the talk of 2017.

In the new year, its all about good bacteria. These tiny organisms play a big role in our overall health, and Tucker said a major focus of the coming year will be increasing their ranks through probiotics food or supplements containing live bacteria and prebiotics, which feed good bacteria and help them grow.

Probably the biggest thing for nutrition in 2017 will be the microbiome and the use of prebiotics and probiotics, Tucker said.

Probiotics can be found in foods like yogurt, sauerkraut and kimchi, while prebiotics are found primarily in resistant starch, which is in whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes and potatoes that have been cooked and cooled, as in potato salad.

This is yet another reason why these foods, which are virtually missing in many peoples dietsparticularly those on the low-carb dietare so important, Tucker said. Both probiotics and prebiotics can also be found in supplements, but Tucker said its best to eat the foods themselves.

2. Go Mediterranean in 2017.

New year, new you? It wouldnt be the start of a new year without resolutions to finally lose that extra weight and get in shape once and for all. For those in search of an eating plan thats based on sound principles and sustainable beyond January, Tucker said Mediterranean is the way to go.

The Mediterranean diet is the pattern that has shown the most health benefits in research, Tucker said. This means increasing the use of olive oil, nuts and seeds, seafood, fruit and vegetables, and fluid dairy such as milk and yogurt while avoiding processed meat, refined-grain products and sugar-sweetened beverages.

3. Quinoa will give kale a run for its money.

Kale has become the go-to addition to salads, smoothies, pasta dishes, soups and even chips for health-conscious eaters and for good reason. The dark, leafy green vegetable is loaded with vitamins and minerals. But while kales popularity isnt likely to fade anytime soon, Tucker said quinoas star should continue to rise in 2017 and beyond.

I think quinoa will continue to expand, Tucker said. It is the seed of a grain plant, used as a whole grain, that is high in protein, good quality fatty acids, dietary fiber, magnesium, B vitamins and antioxidants and it tastes good.

Still, Tucker cautioned against relying too heavily on one particular food for a nutritional boost, noting that while foods like kale and quinoa should be part of everyones diet, no single food can supply all of a persons needs, and an overemphasis on any single aspect of nutrition leads to imbalance.

It seems that people look for a simple solution when it comes to nutrition and then tend to go too far with it, be it low-fat or low-carb diets, supplements or kale, Tucker said. It really is all about a variety of good, quality whole foods and balance.

4. Extremes are out, and balance is in.

In 2017, I see a decline in the appeal of fad diets, Tucker said. People are realizing that while some lead to weight loss at first, theyre not sustainable, and the weight comes back on. Theres also an increasing awareness that broad categories of foods, like fat, arent good or bad, but rather its the quality of the food and the balance of the overall diet that matters.

When it comes to imbalance in the typical American diet, Tucker pointed to the following areas:

Overall, Tucker said she believes people will continue to move away from processed foods and highly specialized diets to more natural, balanced options in 2017 as priorities shift from short-term weight loss to long-term health.

Im optimistic that people are realizing that real, whole foods are the key to health and that there will be a decline in demand for foods that are highly processed with artificial ingredients, Tucker said. This is important in supporting local agriculture and sending a message to the food industry that we want minimally processed foods to improve our health.

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Weslaco ISD Students Re-Stripe Crosswalk to Promote School Zone Safety – RGVProud

Posted: at 10:17 pm

WESLACO, Texas - Students at Weslaco High School are working to make sure their school zone is safe.

Art students re-striped the crosswalk on Border Avenue near Panther Drive.

It's part of the Texas A&M Agri-Life Extension's Working on Wellness Project in Hidalgo County.

The city of Weslaco is working to make its streets more walkable. But with the help of students, they've added a little twist.

Andrea Valdez - Texas A&M Agri-Life Extension, "Our students at Weslaco High School designed this crosswalk with the Panther, or if you want to call them Wildcat also, paw prints down the side. So they had designed it and now they're painting it so they can take ownership. It's really theirs. They can promote it to their friends and say hey walk on the crosswalk. I designed it and I helped paint it."

Texas A&M Agri-Life Extension says residents can be on the lookout for more new crosswalks and bike lanes throughout the city to promote health and fitness.

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‘Orphan Black’ Final Season Premiere Date Set at BBC America – Yahoo TV (blog)

Posted: at 10:17 pm

The next meeting of Clone Club is scheduled for Saturday, June 10 at 10/9c.

Thats whenOrphan Black will return for its fifth and final season, BBC America announced Tuesday.

VIDEOSTatiana Maslany Talks Emmy Prep and (Maybe) New Orphan Black Clones

Upcoming episodes of the Tatiana Maslany-led sci-fi series will explore prolongevity and life extension, which is a very interesting and topical science right now, co-showrunner Graeme Manson told TVLine at last years Emmys. (At that same event, Maslany took home her first Emmy for Lead Actress in a Drama Series.)

Also, as Manson previewed at San Diego Comic-Con, the fifth seasons revelation is that the founder of Neolution [P.T. Westmoreland] is somehow still alive That is part of the big mystery for next year.

Related stories

Top Gear's Matt LeBlanc Goes on High-Speed Chase in Season 24 Trailer

Doctor Who Star Peter Capaldi Says Season 10 'Will Be My Last'

Doctor Who: Meet the New Companion in First Season 10 Trailer

Get more from TVLine: Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, Newsletter

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Plymouth warship HMS Argyll sets sail again after 20-month refit – Plymouth Herald

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The Royal Navy warship HMS Argyll has set sail again following a 20-month refit at its Devonport dockyard base.

The Type 23 frigate sailed with the very latest Royal Navy sensors and equipment newly fitted, in particular the new Sea Ceptor air-defence missile system, for which she will lead the first acceptance trials for the class of warship in the Navy later in the year.

Her crew, led by the captain Commander Toby Shaughnessy, has been working hard with the MOD's industrial partner Babcock, who delivered the refit to get her ready for sea.

Recently completing the last of her pre-sailing machinery trials and a busy period of safety drills, the 171-man crew is delighted to be back at sea.

Commander Shaughnessy said: "It is always extremely challenging to re-generate our ships following their routine periodical refits.

"They are complicated machines and the vast array of equipment needs close attention when we turn them on again after such a long period in dry dock.

"I am very proud of the determination and professionalism of my crew throughout this busy period in getting the ship ready to return to sea.

"We look forward to rejoining the fleet and contributing to its global operations once again."

HMS Argyll will consolidate her safety drills at sea before a short period of post-refit trials.

She will return to full operations with her sister Devonport ships thereafter.

Babcock warship director, Mike Whalley, said: "We are delighted to play our part in returning HMS Argyll to sea in a significantly improved material state and with enhanced capability.

"This has been the most complex Type 23 upkeep ever undertaken in Devonport and the first UK warship class to have its missile system changed mid -life since the 1970s.

"Key learning gained throughout the project will enhance our ability as class lead to life extend the rest of the class.''

A Royal Navy spokesman said the latest launch of HMS Argyll represents the culmination of more than 600,000 man hours of work at the Babcock Frigate Support Centre in Devonport Royal Dockyard.

They noted that this is Babcock's completion of the first Type 23 'life-extension' upkeep, designed to extend the ship's operational life from 18 to 35 years: maintaining, updating and upgrading capability for the 21st century.

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If you use a computer or smartphone, read this – PR Newswire (press release)

Posted: at 10:17 pm

Although many people are aware of the damaging effects to the eyes caused by the sun's ultraviolet rays, not everyone realizes the danger of chronic exposure to blue light emitted by electronic devices. While sunlight consists of approximately 25-30 percent blue light, computer monitors and other electronic device screens (particularly light-emitting diodes, or LEDS) emit about 35 percentblue light. Additionally, modern lighting involves ever-greater use of LEDs as well as compact fluorescent lamps that emit about 25 percent blue light. According to an article appearing in theReview of Optometry, ". . . our exposure to blue light is everywhere and only increasing."

As reported in Life Extension Magazine, blue light induces photochemical stress that damages cells in the eyes' retina which can lead to their destruction. The retina is a nerve cell layer in the back of the eye that contains neurons known as photoreceptors (rods and cones) that sense light, resulting in impulses that are transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of pigmented cells next to and outside of the retina that nourishes retinal nerve tissue and transports molecules into the retina and out of it. The RPE contains a high amount of the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin. These pigments have been characterized as forming "a kind of biological sunglasses that absorb blue light."

According to Michael A. Smith, M.D., senior health scientist with Life Extension, of all the carotenoids that are absorbed by the human body, only lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin accumulate in the macula, an area at the center of the retina responsible for central vision.

"In addition to their blue-light filtering property, these pigments have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, all of which help protect againstage-related macular degeneration(AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in older men and women," says Dr. Smith. "Macular pigment density is considered to be a significant indicator of retinal health."

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial reported inBioMed Research Internationalfound an increase in macular pigment optical density and contrast sensitivity among those who received lutein and zeaxanthin for two years.Another study of early AMD patients found increases in macular pigment after three years of supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin.These and other trials have demonstrated that supplementation with the three carotenoids can improve macular pigment optimal density, thereby helping to protect the retina. In fact, a meta-analysis of 20 randomized trials including a total of 938 AMD patients and 826 subjects without the disease concluded that supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin improved macular pigment optical density in both AMD patients and healthy subjects.

Findings from the original Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) resulted in the widespread recommendation of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc with copper, and beta carotene supplementation to reduce the development of advanced age-related macular degeneration. However, in AREDS-2, the replacement of beta carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin was associated with greater protection against the progression to late AMD than that conferred by the original AREDS formula.

While one can't avoid exposure to blue light these days, protecting oneself may be as simple as adding lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin to one's supplemental regimen. Although these nutrients occur in foods like spinach, kale and, in the case of meso-zeaxanthin, certain fish, nutritional supplements are now available that make it easy to obtain optimal amounts of these importantcarotenoidson a daily basis.

"The naturally occurring retinal antioxidants, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, can't be regenerated fast enough to keep pace with the amount of damaging blue-light saturating the immediate environment," commented Dr. Smith. "We are all quickly becoming lutein deficient. And since the blue light-emitting devices aren't going anywhere, the risk of macular degeneration is rising. Macular pigment density must be preserved with daily lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation."

For more information about the dangers of blue light and daily lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation visit http://www.lifeextension.com.

To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/if-you-use-a-computer-or-smartphone-read-this-300403256.html

SOURCE Life Extension

http://www.lifeextension.com

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‘Recruit Rosie’: When Satire Joins the Resistance – The Atlantic

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It went, roughly, like this: Over the weekend, Melissa McCarthy made a surprise appearance on Saturday Night Live, making sweaty, swaggery fun of Donald Trumps combative press secretary, Sean Spicer. On Monday, Politico reported that Trump had been angered by SNLs mockery of Spicernot, it contended, because of McCarthys eviscerating portrayal of him, but because of the person of McCarthy herself. More than being lampooned as a press secretary who makes up facts, Politico noted, it was Spicers portrayal by a woman that was most problematic in the presidents eyes, according to sources close to him. As a top Trump donor added, bringing another voice to an idea that has become prominent in the early days of the new presidential administration: Trump doesnt like his people to look weak.

From there it went, roughly, like this: You know, people began asking on Monday, what Trump would probably really, really hate? Say, just for instance, that SNL found a woman to play top presidential advisor Stephen Bannon. And say that they found not just any woman, but the woman Trump has sparred with more publicly, and more reliably, than any other. The one the president has referred to, over the course of their more-than-decade-long feud, as a real loser and a total trainwreck and crude, rude, obnoxious, and dumb and a fat pig and a slob.

The idea spread. Recruit Rosie! the people cried. Enlist ODonnell! Who better than Trumps so-called pig to really get his goat!

Rosie, it seems, read the tweets. And on Monday evening, jokingly-or-maybe-not-so-jokingly summoning George Washington and William Sherman and Franklin Roosevelt, the comedian gave her succinct reply: I will serve, ODonnell tweeted.

It was all, on the one hand, a low-stakes jokenot so much at the expense of Steve Bannon as it was at the expense of a president who seems to be unprecedentedly thin-skinned. But Recruit Rosie was also, despite its tempest-in-a-tweetstorm setting, much more than a joke: It operated on the premise that jokes can effect significant changes in the daily operations of the White House. It assumed that one bitODonnell playing Bannon, the real loser playing the person who seems to be, in Trumps mind, the ultimate winnercould have not just a comedic punchline, but also a political upshot. Recruit Rosie took for granted that satire can be, at this moment, and with this president, not just a distraction or an amusement, but indeed a weapon of resistance.

In one sense, certainly, thats an extremely old and bland idea. Call it the banality of comedy: Politics and satire have been intertwined since at least the earliest days of democracy. The Roman poet Juvenal, famed practitioner of the art of Satura, noted that it was hard not to write satire, living as he did within the corruption and decadence of the unjust City. Juvenal was, of course, not alone in that sentiment. Shed of the particularities of geography or generation or political system, it is a very human tendencyperhaps the human tendencyto puncture those in power. And American democracy, in particular, with its lively media culture and its hosting of Thomas Nast and Ambrose Bierce and the writers of SNL, has been a particularly eager adopter of the practice. We, the people have become, over the years, extremely adept with our side-eye.

But heres where Recruit Rosie breaks, just a little bit, with all that. Many of the most recent, and most memorable, of the presidential satiresRonald Reagan, secret genius; Gerald Ford, obvious klutz; George W. Bush, sworn enemy of the English languagehave existed not just to amuse their audiences, but also to influence the peoples perception of their targets. They have aimed at the zeitgeist, and, as such, have been less concerned with direct impact than with a softer kind of power: They have generally been concerned with shaping the public impressions that congeal into historical memory. Did George W. Bush, the person, talk about strategeryor did his SNL persona? Satire, when done well, makes it hard to remember for sure. Satire, traditionally, has played the long game.

The Genius of Melissa McCarthy as Sean Spicer on Saturday Night Live

Trump, however, is not a traditional president. And the satire aimed at him and his administration has been, along with so much else, adjusting accordingly. And thus: Recruit Rosiewhich is about humor, sure (ODonnell as Bannon! Can you even imagine?), but which is also, and more directly, premised on action. It sees itself, as @CaptJaneway2017 suggested, as part of #TheResistance. Its real punchline is that President Trump is so sensitive about his public image that an unflattering portrayal of his primary advisorwhich is also an unflattering portrayal of the presidentmight remove that advisor from the presidents good graces. Taken to its logical extreme it might even get Bannon fired.

The news cycle that hosted the Politico piece about Trumps SNL-driven anger with Spicer also featured another story: The New York Times reported that Trump has been spending the early evenings of his young presidency by retiring to the residence of the White House and watching cable news. It was a revelation that would surprise nobody who follows the presidents cable-driven Twitter feed (though Spicer, for the record, dismissed the entire Times story as one more instanceand, indeed, the epitomeof fake news).

Coupled with the Politico story, though, the Timess reporting suggested just how powerful television has become as a means of shaping not just the publics worldview, but also the presidents. Savvy lobbyists are now buying ads that air during the Fox News Channel and MSNBC shows the president is known to watch, on the assumption that its more efficient to buy presidential attention through ads than it is to try to obtain that most precious of commodities through more traditional means. And, now, people are suggesting that SNL and its satire can function in a similar way.

Recruit Rosie, that meme-y movement, acknowledges how protective of his public image the current occupant of the West Wing seems to be. It recognizes the extent to which President Trump, as a creature of reality TV, remains deeply concerned about his ratings, whether they be manifested through Nielsen scores or crowd sizes or polling numbers or, indeed, late-night comedy sketches. Progressivesand non-progressives along with themhave been publicly wondering how to resist the new president and his policies. Recruit Rosie hints at a tool that might have been overlooked, so far, in those discussionsone that is powerful precisely because it is so basic: Americans abilityat once cherished and time-tested and constitutionally stipulatedto laugh at their leaders.

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A movie of the artist as a young man: Paolozzi silent film stars in film festival – Herald Scotland

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A rare film featuring the Scottish pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi in a leading role is to be part of Scotland's silent movie festival.

Lorenza Mazzetti's 1956 film Together features a young Paolozzi in a lead role as a deaf-mute dock worker.

The role was apparently relished by the artist, born in Leith in 1924, and he modelled his performance on Marlon Brando.

Bill Hare, honorary fellow at the Edinburgh College of Art, writes in an introduction for the film: "For those more familiar with Paolozzis brightly coloured jazzy Pop Art work from the 1960s onwardsTogethermight seem strangely different to their expectations.

"In the 1940s and 1950s however, his work was closely connected with austere angst-ridden zeitgeist of the post-war, cold war era, where the dominant avant garde movement was Art Brut."

He adds: "Paolozzi was also fascinated by the world of science in all its forms, including medicine.

"So it would not be surprising that the exclusively visual world of the deaf-mute would attract him and their artificial created system of communication."

Mr Hare said that Paolozzi may also have been influenced by the Oscar-winning classic movie On The Waterfront.

He adds: "In the previous year the film which swept the Oscar awards was one with a similar gritty dockland subject - [Elia]Kazans On the Waterfront.

"So it is possible that Paolozzi is trying his hand at a bit of method acting inTogether- though admittedly he is no Marlon Brando."

Other films in the 2017 Hippodrome Silent Film Festival include the original screen version of Chicago from 1927, The Informer, a film set in revolution-torn Dublin in 1922, and Whats The World Coming To? a 1926 film that takes place 100 years from now when men have become more like women and women more like men and was co-written by Stan Laurel.

All films in the programme feature live scores by an international line-up of musicians.

The 2017 festival includes four musical commissions, with new scores composed by Scottish Album of the Year award-winning musician RM Hubbert, for 1926 Soviet film By The Law.

Raymond MacDonald and Christian Ferlaino have created the music for Together, and Jane Gardner and others for for Festival opener The Grub Stake, from 1923.

One of the themes of the festival, known as HippFest, this year is the "pioneering but largely forgotten women of early cinema, a time when there were more women working at every level in the film industry than there are today."

The Festival opens on 22 March with The Grub Stake, a 1923 adventure created by Nell Shipman, a silent movie star who turned down a studio career to work entirely outside of the Hollywood system.

Lorenza Mazzetti was a novelist, painter and director.

Mazzetti, part of the British Free Cinema movement, is now 89 and was celebrated last year at the Venice Film Festival in a new documentary titled Because I Am a Genius!

Alison Strauss, director, said: At HippFest we are all about making cinema special engaging the best musicians to accompany rarely screened titles, presenting those films in beautiful and atmospheric settings, seeking out the best restorations from the worlds archives, and generating an atmosphere of inclusion and fun with our audience.

"Since we established the Festival in 2011, more and more people are finding out that early cinema is not clunky and out-dated, but rather is fresh and relevant, sometimes even colourful and never actually silent.

"Within our programme people will find unparalleled comedians, experimental work and revelatory new scores alongside youth projects, workshops for school children and grown-ups, a Speakeasy, walks, talks and exhibitions."

Tickets for HippFest 2017 are now on sale.

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Remembering Coretta Scott King – Louisiana Weekly

Posted: at 10:17 pm

6th February 2017 0 Comments

By Barbara Reynolds TriceEdneywire.com Columnist

Coretta Scott King died on January 30, 2006. Yet her legacy is very much alive as a coalition builder, a strategist and a moral voice that confronted detractors but insisted upon non-violent approaches, such as dialogue, protests and economic boycotts with the end goal of peaceful reconciliation.

In their own analysis 60-era civil rights leaders used to refer to a Zeitgeist, the spirit of the times, which divine dimension that summons leaders exactly when needed most. That certainly describes the timing of human rights activist Coretta Scott King who is experiencing a resurgence as people take a fresh look at those who successfully moved themselves and others forward through the heavy thicket of discrimination such as the leading ladies in the wonderful new film, Hidden Figures.

A second look at Kings legacy should focus on but go beyond her well known decades ordeal of successfully lobbying to make Kings birthday a national holiday and building the Dr. Martin Luther King Center for Social Change in Atlanta. Tourists from around the role visit this site, where her crypt and that of Dr. King are located near Ebenezer Baptist church where Dr. King preached and was funeralized.

Coretta King certainly should come to mind as millions gathered in Washington and in sister cities around the world last week to mount an overwhelming rebuke to President Donald Trumps anti-human rights campaign and his denigration of women, minorities, immigrants and the physically challenged. Her name was scrawled on home-made signs scattered throughout.

It is appropriate that we remember her appeal to women and her global human rights efforts. That was the capstone of Kings 38-year mission as she shifted from civil rights to a more global inclusive human rights agenda after the assassination of her husband, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr in 1968. A favorite slogan was: Women, if the soul of the nation is to be saved, I believe that you must become its soul.

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter appointed her a nonvoting delegate to the 32nd General Assembly of the United Nations, where she advocated for more international focus on the human rights of women. That same year in Houston, she served as Commissioner on the International Womens Year Conference where she created quite a stir over her support for gay rights, an unpopular issue at the time.

In her memoir she tells how she opposed the various womens groups at the Conference who were advocating a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. I feel that gay and lesbian people have families and their families should have legal protection, whether by marriage or civil union. I believe unequivocally that discrimination because of sexual orientation is wrong and unacceptable in a democracy that protects the human rights of all its citizens.

In the historic 1963 March on Washington-which catapulted Dr. King to famewomen, however, were not allowed to march with the leaders or give a major address. But without a doubt King, would have played a supportive role in the Womens march as did her daughter, Bernice King.

King was a spokeswoman for social justice causes, both large and small, writing a syndicated news column on issues from gun violence, to environmental racism, to apartheid in South Africa. She was rarely missing in action. Sometimes you win, just by showing up, she said, often referring to her role as a ministry of presence.

King believed that it is citizen action that is crucial to the making of a president. She often said that Ronald Reagan did not warm to the idea of a Dr. King holiday until the movement created a groundswell for it with three million signatures, marches and years of lobbying Congress. He signed it on November 20, 1983.

In recent weeks several Black leaders have been publicly scourged for meeting with President Trump through his transition stage. King, however, would have been knocking on his door, as she did with all the other presidents in her heyday. And she would not have been there for photo-ops or selfies. As a seasoned coalition building she would have prepared a well- crafted agenda, which called upon Trump to govern as president of all Americans.

In past years, Kings influence was mammoth in the shaping of the political landscape. She successfully campaigned to elect scores of liberals to political office, worked with Carter in the selection of federal judges and threw her weight against those who stood in the way of voting rights.

Typical of her role is how she confronted and helped block Alabama U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions who in 1985 was vying for a federal judgeship. Sessions, who was called brilliant, by Trump is his choice for U.S. Attorney General. In a recently surfaced 10-page letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee, King had called him lacking in judgement and temperament who would irreparably harm the work the movement had done to seize a slice of democracy for disenfranchised blacks.

King opposed Sessions for his 1985 attempt to prosecute three civil rights activists from Marion, Alabama for voter fraud accusations that were later proved unmerited. Her opposition to Sessions ran deep because she grew up right outside of Marion which before the movement launched its successful voter rights drive were unable to counter terrorizing attacks on their lives and property. Civil rights activists fear that Sessions will not hold law enforcement officials accountable for the episodic incidents of unarmed Black men being murdered, as was done under the Obama administration.

In the battle to stop Sessions and others who seemed primed to push back advances in human rights, Coretta would not have panicked. In her memoir, she said, Struggle is a never-ending process and freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.

And so it goes.

This article originally published in the February 6, 2017 print edition of The Louisiana Weekly newspaper.

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Kevin Gallagher’s The China Triangle – Daily Times

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China has not only outdone Latin America in exporting commodities, but it has also become the main importer of Latin Americas natural resources: China has reduced Latin America from exporting commodities to the world to exporting natural resources to China. This is the central idea of Kevin P. Gallaghers book, The China Triangle: Latin Americas China boom and the fate of the Washington Consensus, published by Oxford University Press in 2016. Gallagher is Professor of Global Development at Boston University. This opinion piece intends to discuss Gallaghers certain ideas expressed in the book.

Three points are written large upon the book. Firstly, it mostly focuses on China-Latin America economic relationship. Secondly, many ideas are repeated to banality. Thirdly, its presentation needs rearrangement. Regarding the last, five phases can be used to present the book in a better way. The first phase spanned from the nineteenth century (1870) to the Great Depression (1929). During this phase, Latin America was a winner of commodity lottery,as Western Europe needed Latin Americas vital natural resourcessuch as copper, gold, silver and iron ore and commoditiessuch as coffee, cocoa, tobacco, sugar, beef, hides, wool, and bananasto support its industrial revolution. These commodities not only substituted European agriculture produce to spare peasantry to be utilised as industrial workforce, but these commodities also prompted European and the US companies to invest heavily in Latin Americas infrastructure to hasten the provision of commodities. During this phase, Latin Americas economies grew by 3.4 percent per year (i.e. GDP growth).

The second phase continued from the Great Depression (the 1930s) until the early 1980s. During this phase, the state took over the role of laying infrastructure and boosting industries to make Latin America produce consumer goods for consumption and export. This state-led industrialisation remained the best phase in terms of growth at almost 5 percent per year. However, this phasealso witnessed accentuated economic inequalities, besides the absence of democracy. Unfortunately, macroeconomic mismanagement during this phaseultimately led to a regional financial crisis in the 1980s.

The third phase covered from the 1980s to 2002. During this phase, the state-led economic management was replaced with the Washington Consensus, the basictenet of which was a package of reforms having ten economic policy solutions for crisis-ridden developing countries. The reforms encompassed macroeconomic stabilisation, liberalisation of trade and investment, reduced role of the state in economic affairs, and the adoption of a market-based approach called neoliberalism. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) introduced these reforms (privatisation, liberalisation, and deregulation). During this phase, the growth plummeted to the slowest at just 2.4 percent per year, with inequality getting accentuated more than in the state-led industrialisation era. However, the phase ushered in return to democracy the regions hallmark achievement of the late twentieth century. The Washington Consensus was a dominant economic paradigm that ended with a major financial crisis in Argentina in 2002.

The fourth phase sustained from 2003 to 2013, and it was called the China Boom. During this phase, the economic inequality that accrued during the Washington Consensus phase lessened. Latin Americas economies grew by 3.6 percent per year, the best surge since the regions state-led industrialisation era. This periodalso helped many Latin American economies recover from the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.In December 2001, China became 143rd member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Since 2003, China enhanced its trade relations with Latin America. China was already enjoying trade ties with Latin America. About the consequent triangle, called the China triangle, Gallagher writes on page 3: At the top of the triangle tip is the United States, while China and Latin America form a new base of cooperation from left to right.

China-Latin America trade ties did not begin in 2003. Since the late 1970s, the Chinese growth miracle had been feeding on Latin Americas natural resources, but there were other competitors such as Europe and the US. On page 66, Gallagher writes: As early as 1998, then Chinese President Jiang Zemin championed the globalisation of Chinese investment and lending. He argued that regions like Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South America with large developing countries have huge markets and abundant resources; we should take advantage of the opportunity to get in. There are two implications. First, Gallagher mentions on page 65: [Compared to Dollar diplomacy, Yuan Diplomacy (named after Chen Yuan, Chairman of the China Development Bank, in 1998) is that] Chinas development banks started financing foreign governments to help them support energy, mining and infrastructure investment... Chinese loans do not come with the harsh strings attached. Second, Gallagher writes on page 74: All of Chinas commodity-backed loans to Latin America are secured in oil [i.e. the loans-for-oil policy]. Two developments are the hallmark of this phase. First, Latin Americas export industry could not compete with Chinas low-priced but high-qualityexport products. Resultantly, Latin America smarted financially. Second, China came to Latin America with banks and investment to import natural resources. Resultantly, Latin America profited.

To get entrenched in Latin America, China adopted two soft approaches. First, edging out competitors from Latin America, as Gallagher writes on page 75: Chinese loans often come with a tacit understanding that Chinese companies will be doing a significant amount of the work related to the project or that the project will involve Chinese imports. Second, offering an alternative to the Washington consensus, as Gallagher writes on page 82: Chinese lending follows the nations Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which prohibit meddling in other countries domestic affairs [i.e. not to impose political conditions].Consequently, during this phase, China got oil to run its transport; copper to manufacture electronics products; iron ore to construct buildings, bridges, and automobiles; and soya beans to feed its cattle. On page 7, Gallagher writes: Chinese companies have flocked to the Americas to invest in these commodities, backed by Chinas state-run development banks. However, on page 92, Gallagher call it Latin Americas resource curse, which attracts one country or the other to exploit these resources to create wealth for itself. On page 93, Gallagher writes that this will keep on happening unless Latin America invest the windfalls into industry, innovation and education, besides managing the currency exchange-rate.

The fifth phase continued from 2014 to date. China has reduced import of Latin Americas natural resources and is turning into a consumer-based economy. Resultantly, the economic growth of both China and Latin America has slowed down.

This discussion surfaces two main possibilities. First, loans for development may be available to developing countries from other than the IMF and WB. Second, the provision of commodity-based loans is a viable option.

The writer is a freelance columnist and can be reached at qaisarrashid@yahoo.com

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Kevin Gallagher's The China Triangle - Daily Times

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AlixPartners examines automation in manufacturing and logistics management – Logistics Management

Posted: at 10:15 pm

By Patrick Burnson, Executive Editor February 7, 2017

In a new manufacturing outlook report focusing on the automotive and industrial sectors, AlixPartners observes that many of the labor-cost advantages associated with near-shoring may be lost if companies fail to spend more on automation in the future.

The consultancy notes that automation capabilities have improved dramatically, and implementation expenses have come down. As a consequence this kind of technology can help manufacturers augmentor entirely replace functions previously performed entirely by humans.

To exploit those technologies, manufacturers will likely have to make capital-intensive investments, says Foster Finley, a managing director at AlixPartners in New York. But they should understand, too, that automation cannot replace a human workforce.

Instead, adds Finley, automation shifts the focus to a new set of critical skills.

As automation technology becomes more available and more affordable, companies will have to adopt longer-term views on developing and retaining talent aligned with the tactical use of robotics, he says.

The survey, which polled manufacturing and distribution companies in the U.S. and Western Europe, finds that 69% of respondents believe near shoring is a possible opportunity to meet demand from consumers, up from 40% in last years survey.

This increase in near shoring has led to labor challenges, however says Finley. Many respondents are having a hard time filling roles like product engineers and frontline supervisors.

Along with these labor issues, two-thirds of respondents said they plan to invest significantly in automation technologies.

So what we may expect is more spend in human resources with higher salaries and other incentives, at the same time companies will place greater reliance on technology.

Researchers note that automotive and electronics manufacturers have been the biggest adopters of automation technology thus far. But companies in other sectorssuch as pharmaceuticals, instrumentation and measurement devices, medical equipment, and pulp and paper will likely begin to shift more of their manufacturing capacity to robots in the coming years.

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AlixPartners examines automation in manufacturing and logistics management - Logistics Management

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