Daily Archives: February 6, 2017

Freedom of Speech Is Not Freedom From Dissent – GQ Magazine

Posted: February 6, 2017 at 3:03 pm

The anti-Milo Yiannopoulos protests at UC Berkeley have left Donald Trump and friends suddenly in desperate need of a safe space.

On Wednesday, a planned appearance at UC Berkeley by Milo Yiannopoulos, the Breitbart contributor and high priest of the Twitter Pepe Avatar crew, was cancelled after some 1500 protesters turned out to make clear that his brand of vapid, bigoted bullshit was unwelcome in the university community. This was very, very good. Unfortunately, these vibes were ruined by the arrival of an estimated 150 Black Bloc provocateurs, who showed up on campus to start fires, break windows, throw rocks and fireworks at police, and generally ruin everyone's good time. This was very, very bad.

Although the university was quick to make clear that the mask-wearing rioters were unaffiliated with the assembled protesters, the damage was done. Right-wing media outlets spent the morning purposefully conflating the nonviolent demonstrators with the violent ones in order to boost their pet "dangerous unhinged violent liberals" narrative. President Trump, a man who has no time for things like "reading" or "facts," responded to these dumb headlines and the scary-looking images he saw on cable news by...threatening to pull federal funding from the University of California.

It was also very, very strange how the president had nothing to say about the the sanctity of tolerating "different points of view" when an apparent Milo supporter shot a protester at a Yiannopoulos event at the University of Washington last monththe shooter later claimed self-defensebut I'm sure Trump's omission was just an oversight. Here's how serial liar Kellyanne Conway put it on Fox and Friends this morning:

I dont even know if they know what theyre protesting, she said. Is it the free speech? Having someone maybe on your campus who has a dissenting point of view or wants to present an alternative point of view?

Sounds to me like someone could really use a safe space.

The point that Trump and Conway and their ilk miss is that freedom of speech is not the same as freedom from dissent. Milo Yiannopoulos is a basically an Internet troll who hit the big time, and he cares more about the attention that his bigoted remarks earn him than actually engaging in legitimate, constructive debates over policy or ideology. (I mean, Yiannopoulos was permanently banned from Twitter after organizing a campaign of racist, sexist harassment against Leslie Jones. Do you have any idea how hard it is to get banned from Twitter for being racist and sexist?!) Nonetheless, he is perfectly within his rights to hold whatever deplorable or non-deplorable views he likes. Freedom of speech often isn't fun, but that's how it works.

At the same time, though, other private citizens are perfectly within their rights to show up where Yiannopoulos intends to spew his vile hate speech nonsense and, through nonviolent means, shut that shit down. Yes, Cal is a public university, and it boasts a proud tradition of supporting freedom of expression. But the administration didn't bar him from campusit was student protests that did it. Despite their fondest victimhood fantasies, when Yiannopoulos and Trump and Conway and company are met with thousands of protesters telling them to go to hell, no one's "free speech rights" are being trampled. This is just the free market of ideas responding loud and clear, and if they don't like the reactions their views elicit, they have no one to blame but themselves.

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The Death of Free Speech on Campus? NYU Historian Cohen Takes Then and Now Look in Feb. 15 Lecture – NYU News (press release)

Posted: at 3:03 pm

New York University historian Robert Cohen will deliver The Death of Free Speech on Campus?a public lectureon Wed., Feb. 15, 5:30 p.m. at NYUs Jurow Lecture Hall.

NYU historian Robert Cohen, author of "Freedoms Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s", will deliver The Death of Free Speech on Campus?a public lectureon Wed., Feb. 15, 5:30 p.m. at NYUs Jurow Lecture Hall.

New York University historian Robert Cohen will deliver The Death of Free Speech on Campus?a public lectureon Wed., Feb. 15, 5:30 p.m. at NYUs Jurow Lecture Hall, Silver Center (100 Washington Square East/enter at 31 Washington Place).

This lecture, which will be followed by a question-and-answer session, will explore the state of free speech on campusas the media and critics report and distort it, as studentsexperience it, and how it looks from a historical perspective.It will also consider ways that colleges and universities canenhance freedom of speech.

Cohenis a professor of history and social studies in the Department of Teaching and Learning at NYUs Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Cohen, who has an affiliated appointment in NYUs Department of History, has authored or edited several works on the history of free speech on campus, including: Freedoms Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s; The Essential Mario Savio: Speeches and Writings That Changed America; The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s(co-edited with Reginald E. Zelnik);When the Old Left Was Young: Student Radicals and Americas First Mass Student Movement, 1929-1941;Rebellion in Black and White: Southern Student Activism in the 1960s(co-edited with David Snyder);andHoward Zinn and the Spelman College StudentMovement, 1963(in press).

The event, an NYU College of Arts and Science Bentson Deans Lecture, is free and open to the public.Admission is on a first-come, first-served basis. Space is limited. Please call 212.998.8154 for more information. Subway Lines: 6 (Astor Place); N, R (8th Street).

Reporters wishing to attend the lecture must RSVP to James Devitt, NYUs Office of Public Affairs, at 212.998.6808 or james.devitt@nyu.edu.

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Bill Maher on Berkeley riot: The left has a ‘problem’ with free speech – Washington Times

Posted: at 3:03 pm

Outspoken liberal comedian Bill Maher says the left needs to rethink its hostility to freedom of speech in the wake of the riot at the University of California, Berkeley this week.

Believe me, Ive been a longtime critic of colleges shutting people up, Mr. Maher said Friday on HBOs Real Time with Bill Maher. That is a problem on the left that we need to deal with, very much so. Free speech should be something we own.

Students at the prestigious public university assaulted people in the streets, lit fires and looted stores on Wednesday night in order to prevent conservative pundit Milo Yiannopoulos from speaking on campus.

Mr. Maher called the Breitbart editor a provocateur, but said students had no right to resort to violence and vandalism because they disagree with his views.

He speaks from experience.

In 2014, Berkeley students voted to disinvite Mr. Maher from delivering the schools fall commencement address because of his criticism of Islam.

But the Berkeley administration refused to rescind the invitation, and Mr. Maher devoted much of his speech to defending the First Amendment.

If you call yourself a liberal, you have to fight oppression from wherever it comes, he said at the time. Thats what makes you a liberal.

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Bill Maher on Berkeley riot: The left has a 'problem' with free speech - Washington Times

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Frederick Douglass Would Have Ardently Supported Milo Yiannopoulos’s Free Speech Rights – Reason

Posted: at 3:03 pm

This week the leftish Twittersphere and liberal comment sites went wild for two stories. The first, that President Donald Trump doesn't seem to know who Frederick Douglass was. The second, that those Berkeley students and non-Berkeley anarchists who shut down the Milo Yiannaopolous meeting might not have done such a bad thing. Okay, a mob silenced Milo, people tweeted and intoned, but perhaps that's okay in the anti-Trump fightback.

It's almost unbearably ironic. Because if these critics of Trump themselves knew anything about Douglass, they'd know he was implacably opposed to using mob pressure to shut down public meetings. They'd know he valued free speech so highly, above all other values, that he thought no one should ever be "overawed by force" simply for what he thinks and says. Imagine: in one breath mocking Trump for not knowing who Douglass was, and in the next saying things that will have made Douglass spin in his grave.

The mocking of Trump followed his comments marking Black History Month, on Wednesday morning. He praised Dr. Martin Luther King, Harriet Tubman, and Frederick Douglass, before going on to talk about matters closer to his heart: himself and how much he hates CNN.

But it seems he doesn't know much about Douglass, the slave turned abolitionist and suffrage campaigner who wrote brilliantly in defence of free speech and the right to bear arms. He was fleeting in his praise of Douglass, and his wording seemed to suggest he thinks Douglass is still alive (he died in 1895.)

The headlines and snark came flying. "Trump implied Frederick Douglass was alive," the Washington Post laughed. "Seth Meyers roasts Trump for being too lazy to Google whether Frederick Douglass is still alive," said a headline over a video of Seth Meyers doing exactly that. Cue millions of shares.

All of which is fine, of course, and funny in fact. Trump really ought to know about Douglass. Someone should have briefed him. But then the same political sphere that came over all pro-Douglass as a way of meming against the Presidentright-on tweeters, the left-leaning webstarted to wonder out loud if it's such a bad thing that Milo was silenced at Berkeley. Which is about as anti-Douglass a thing as you could say.

"Milo Yiannopoulos is trying to convince colleges that hate speech is cool," CNN cried. When Trump tweeted that perhaps Berkeley should have its federal funding cut if it won't stand up for free speech, The Advocate accused him of "defending hate speech." The mayor of Berkeley, Jesse Arreguin, implicitly sided with the protesters against freedom of speech when he said: "Hate speech isn't welcome in our community." In short, let's cleanse Berkeley of certain, dangerous ideas; let's make it a Milo- and alt-right-free zone.

The celeb set also welcomed the shutting down of Milo's meet. "RESISTANCE WORKS!", tweeted Debra Messing. As Heat Street said, "vocal members of the progressive left took to social media" to celebrate Milo's silencing, "dubbing it a legitimate resistance movement against the Trump administration."

This cheering, or at least failure to challenge, the heavy-handed prevention of political chatter at Berkeley is a far bigger snub to Douglass and everything he stood for than Trump's Black History comments were. Indeed, anyone who knows anything about Douglass will know that one of the most stirring, moving things he ever wrote was a criticism of the shutting down of public meetings by mobs.

On 2 December 1860, at the Tremont Temple in Boston, anti-slavery activists held a meeting called "How Shall Slavery Be Abolished?". Douglass was there. To his horror, a group of pro-slavery peopleDouglass called them "a mob of gentlemen"disrupted the meeting. They screamed insults at the attendees, took over the room, drowned out anyone who tried to speak. They pushed the attendees about. Douglass was most alarmed by the failure of the mayor of Boston to protect the meeting. The gathering was "broken up and dispersed by the order of the mayor, who refused to protect it, though called upon to do so", he wrote. This brings to mind Mayor Arreguin's craven response to the Berkeley fiasco.

In response to this illiberal violence, Douglass wrote an article titled "A Plea for Free Speech in Boston." It is one of the best things ever written about free speech. He said the intrusion and stopping of the meeting was "a palpable and flagrant outrage on the right of speech." He said it had "trampled under foot" the "law of free speech and the law for the protection of public meetings." And then, in words that echo down the decades, he spelled out why freedom of speech is so important:

"Liberty is meaningless where the right to utter one's thoughts and opinions has ceased to exist. That, of all rights, is the dread of tyrants. It is the right which they first of all strike down. They know its power. Thrones, dominions, principalities, and powers, founded in injustice and wrong, are sure to tremble, if men are allowed to reason of righteousness, temperance, and of a judgment to come in their presence."

This is probably Douglass's most important legacy: his argument that free speech underpins all liberty; that the freedom to think and speak and organise is the precursor to any kind of progress. And it is this legacy that is shot down by those who argue that using pressure or threats or speech codes to shut down controversial speakers is acceptable behaviour.

Sure, the men meeting in Boston 150 years ago were discussing something incredibly important and goodhow to abolish slaverywhile Milo's meeting would largely have consisted of provocateur ridicule. But so what? As Douglass said in that article, all people, whatever their thoughts or station, should enjoy freedom of speech: "There can be no right of speech where any man, however lifted up, or however humble, however young, or however old, is overawed by force, and compelled to suppress his honest sentiments."

So yes, of course Trump should know who Douglass wasI hope someone has since given him a copy of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass's profound autobiography. But in continually compelling people to suppress their honest sentiments, in "overawing by force" those they disagree with, in thinking it is acceptable to use pressure or law or rules to prevent the holding of public meetings, too much of the modern left does an even greater disservice to Douglass. They forget his plea to humanity to remember that liberty is meaningless where people's right to utter their thoughts has ceased to exist.

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Our fight to the death with nature is not one we can win – The Age

Posted: at 3:02 pm

In population biology a refugium, or simply fuge, is a protective place for a relict population that has become threatened in its native habitat. Paradoxically, refugiums often make things worse for individuals and populations remaining in nature.

The vast royal greenhouses at Laeken, near Brussels, are such a refugium. Built as a pirate showcase for the extraordinary biodiversity of the Congo rainforest that Leopold II had so brutally colonised, they now preserve these fast-disappearing species. Yet the paradox: the 800,000 litres of fuel oil burnt each year to keep these plants alive help drive the climate change that is destroying what natural populations remain.

Another refugium is the evangelical rapture. Relying on expected end times, as seen by many in the "Trumpocalypse", it yields such gems as the "rapture index", reported in the Daily Mail this week, which lists anti-semitism, droughts, false prophets and civil rights as signs of imminent end. When the excrement really hits the whizzer the idea goes the faithful elite will be airlifted bodily, rapturously, to heaven, leaving the rest of us to our miserable fate.

The paradox?Given the number of evangelical Christians in Sydney leadershipand that a 2011 survey that found "six of ten evangelical leaders believe in the rapturea few wouldactually believe this arrogant nonsense. That way - naturally counting themselves amongst theliftees - it'ssuddenly easy to treat climate change as no big thing.

This tussle between "I" and "we" underpins everything humans do on Earth. Clearly, our fight to the death with nature is not one we can win, because if we win, we die. Yet we continue to act on the delusion of wasteless, costless abundance, designing our arrant theologies to ignore the evident oneness of economy and ecology. For me, two recent Sydney events Melissa and Mary brought all this ineluctably to mind.

Melissa and Mary. These innocuous-sounding names could be the most significant you'll hear this century. Melissa, properly written MELiSSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative) cropped up in a Sydney Festival art event by extraordinary scent artist Cat Jones. MELiSSA is the European Space Agency's bare-minimum ecosystem for indefinite human existence in deep space.

Mary is, well Mary, Mother of, as voiced by Colm Toibin's Testament of Mary, currently at Sydney Theatre. Toibin's Mary is overwhelmingly a mother: harrowed, heartbroken, doubtful of her son's divinity, insisting he just got in with the wrong crowd.

At first, MELiSSA and Mary seem to occupy opposite extremes of the existential spectrum abstract, hyper-sterile reductionism versus stoic, earthy humanism. Each represents a future, a power relationship with nature: which (assuming we still have a choice) will we choose?

But perhaps, under the surface, Mary and MELiSSA are singing the same anthropocentric tune.

To be honest, the words European Space Agency seem almost a contradiction in terms, so far does old textured Europe (and especially Barcelona, where MELiSSA is based) seem from the abstract nothingness of space. But MELiSSA takes abstract nothingness totally on board which is why it's terrifying.

The yearning for space is deep, but still morally ambiguous. There's the brave and noble urge to explore, self against Big Universe, chasing the final frontier. And there's the less noble more brutal and territorial urge to colonise.

The colonial drive has always been dodgy both because it generally involves stealing other peoples' lands and lives, and because it offers the illusion of something for nothing: free resources, costless plunder and, as UTS social scientist Dr Jeremy Walker notes, escape from the moral and environmental responsibilities of home.

Walker has studied MELiSSA, parsing the eco-political ramifications of "guiltless abundance". MELiSSA, he writes (with colleague Celine Granjou), "emboldens the utopian anticipation of a synthetic biosphere within which the privileged may continue to elude the earthly consequences of their history".

MELiSSA is more exploratory than colonial, aiming to garner the fewest, smallest, most transportable species necessary to sustain human life with no input except sunlight.

But anyone who saw Matt Damon in The Martian knows that, ship or planet, it's the same deal. You're in space, you need water, oxygen, food. How do you make it? How do you treat waste?

The inverse relationship between respiration and photosynthesis is clearly key. That each process absorbs the other's waste and excretes the other's raw material seems one of evolution's little gifts to space travel. Certainly, it lets MELiSSA whittle the "necessary" species to a few photosynthetic bacteria and algae, 30 or 40 needed food crops and the billion-odd microbes that, extracted from the human gut, compost the waste back into nutrients. As Walker notes, MELiSSA demands "a claustrophobic proximity between the crew and its wastes".

Forget Noah. This is an ark sans trees, elephants, gibbons and grasshoppers. Multicells unnecessary. If Earth dies (we decide), they die with it while in cold loveless space, humans live on in their hyper-sterile pharma-factory, feeding forever on hydroponic, shit-fed veges without gravity, mystery or chance

For me, it has strictly limited appeal. If Trump presses the button, I'll probably head for the epicentre and be done with it.

But MELiSSA's founding premises also need scrutiny. One is that storming off to new planets is legitimate as a response to having wrecked this one. The other is that "necessary" species are definable in strictly anthropocentric terms.

Enter Mary. Although Toibin's Mary grudgingly acknowledges one or two of her son's miracles, she denies the immaculate conception ("I was there") and insists the resurrection story is a dream repeated in error. She herself worships Artemis, goddess of animals and the hunt.

Many see this as the play's strength. Tracing our planetary exploitation to our shift, way back, from embedded pantheism to transcendent monotheism, they regard Mary's stoic humanity as one for the planet.

I'm less sure. Transcendence is not arrogance. It doesn't mean remaking yourself as some space-based jet-propelled sky god. What you're meant to transcend is not Earth, but ego. Exploitation should become impossible.

Neither space nor rapture will save us; not heaven, not Mars, not the Starship Enterprise. The gods, one or many, have no interest in slithering us from our deeds. Earth is our refugium. Fade to black.

Twitter: emfarrelly

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Ricky Gervais on Atheism, Donald Trump, and the Return of David Brent – Variety

Posted: at 3:02 pm

Its been over 13 years since Ricky Gervais bade farewell to David Brent, the middling middle manager on the original U.K. version of The Office that launched his career. Since then, hes had other successful series (Extras,Derek), dabbled in movies (The Invention of Lying), and sold out venues with his standup tour. Yet the character who considered himself friend first, boss secondprobably entertainer third has never really gone away. There wasnt a day that went by where I wasnt managing the estate of David Brent, Gervais notes. There were remakes around the world, I would get requests every day to show clips, or something would could up with licensing.

SEE MORE: Awards: The Contenders

After short appearances on the American version of The Office or at Comic Relief, Gervais has brought Brent back in full force with the release of David Brent: Life on the Road. Written and directed by Gervais, the film hits American theaters and streaming platform Netflix on Feb. 10. It follows Brents attempts to extend his modicum of fame by launching a music career with typically uncomfortable results. As Gervais puts it, If you went on Facebook and found out the most boring man you went to college with was trying to be a rock star, youd have to watch.

We spoke with Gervais on the phone from England the morning of Donald Trumps inauguration, mere minutes after Trump was sworn in. The outspoken comedian noted some parallels between his fictional character and the new president.

Thank you for bringing David Brent back, I didnt realize how much I missed him.That was sort of the point, really, for people to catch up on an old friend. Its a fake documentary but I deal in realism. And I suppose theres parallels to real life where everyone wants to be famous. He had a bit of fame at the turn of the century, and we thought hed go away. But now fame is a different beast and people dont give up. And its easier to be famous because people are willing to do anything to be famous. Theres no difference now between fame and infamy. Weve just seen the host of The Apprentice become President of the United States.

Did you see some news reports are saying he lifted parts of his speech from Bane in The Dark Knight Rises?And Im not shocked. A year ago, I would have been horrified. But then again, the things he said running up to thisif any other politician or any other world leader had said it, he would have resigned. He confessed to abusing women and that wasnt enough. There is no greater role model in the western world arguably, so what happens when a guy is caught for attacking a woman and says, My president said it was all right? Its off the charts. I do sort of blame reality TV in a way because we are all made from our input. Hes a man who wants to be famous. Donald Trump has more in common with David Brent than he does with JFK or Lincoln or Roosevelt. Hes not even a smart man who had to work for it. Hes not particularly erudite or educated or caring. He wants to be famous, he wants to be loved. Im not saying that makes him a terrible president or its the end of the world, Im just saying he is different from other presidents and he is a product of the last 50 years of people wanting to be famous. Its like he wasnt satisfied with having $5 billion and running companies, he had to be on telly every possible moment.

When thinking of ideas for a David Brent movie, did you ever imagine a storyline where he or someone like him ran for president? It would seem too outrageous.Thats exactly right, nothing is fiction now. It seems like the way it first started was a little bit like one of those 80s movies where two old billionaires in a gentlemans club make a bet that they can make any idiot into the president of the United States. One says, Where are you going to find someone that stupid? And it cuts to Trump and the one says, Youre on sir! Its like Pygmalion in a bad, Hollywood 1980s genre movie. And it worked.

Do you still watch reality TV?Its been good to me. Ive watched it and found it enjoyable and laughed at some things and been angry at others but I have studied it, it has been my muse. I wrote The Office based on my experiences as a middle manager, I worked at an office for 10 years. I also watched a lot of those quaint docu-soaps in the 90s that followed someone at work and they sort of became a household name for 15 minutes. But now its different. Now you get on The Apprentice by saying, Ill destroy anything that stands in my way. They choose the people who are willing to do anything, and people get on by promising to behave badly. And theyre rewarded for it. Though I dont think it ever ends well.

You seem to be drawn to the subject of fame in a lot of your work.The Office was about a man who wanted to be famous. Extras was about a man literally on the first rung of being famous. The Golden Globes was a study in fame to me. I was shocked by how worried everyone was about what I would say. I just dont get it. It was a shock that people were that sensitive or that worried about what a little fat guy from Reading said about them. I always like to sort of play with that. I think its staple of British comedy, even more than American, we always try to bring down authority. Theres something were trying to undermine when people take themselves too seriously. It was reflected in the remake of the American Office. Its more hopeful. Americans are told you can grow up to be the next president of the United States. Brits are told to not even try, who do you think you are? Its funny because my sense of humor is British but my comedy is American. I embrace both things.

What do these characters or someone like David Brent hope to get out of fame?Ive always been fascinated with what people think leading a good life is. Good people do bad things, for many reasons. For money, for fame, because they think it will make them happy. They should just cut out the middle man and just be happy. So Im always on the side of the deluded, if theyve got a good heart. David Brent isnt an evil person. Now hes 55, not 39, hes not the boss. Hes not doing a job that anyone ever dreams of as a child. So he believes, like most people, that fame will sort their life out. Hes putting all his money on one number and cashing in his chips to buy fame. Hes looking for the wrong thing and hes certainly looking in the wrong place. We see sort of a more sympathetic side of him.

It would be easy to mock David Brent as a musician, but the music in the film actually isnt bad.Well, David Brent is paying for it so David Brent would get the best musicians he could. Hes hemorrhaging money because he wants a real band. But at least hes trying and it is his money, hes not stealing or conning anyone. Hes following a dream, no matter how deluded that may be and thats admirable. Thats the staple of comedy. Comedy at its essence is the normal guy trying to do something hes not equipped to do. And when were snickering at him, were only snickering at ourselves. When we laugh at David Brent were sort of going, Oh, Ive done that.

But the album actually charted internationally, it hit number three in Britain and number one in New Zealand.Yeah, but people are in on the jokethey know theyre not buying a cool album. Its David Brent, not me releasing my songs. When you see Ricky Gervais Sings the Blues, shoot me. Thats when its all over. The problem is in the narrative, David Brent isnt as successful as he is in real life. When we do gigs, we sell out huge venues. I have to keep the narrative piece not a huge success otherwise its a bit too far-fetched.

Wait, so you as David Brent is selling out concerts? Yeah, thats how it all started. I brought David Brent back for a Comic Relief sketch and he did a track called Equality Street. It went really well and I did a couple gigs and people went crazy. We had 110,000 ticket requests for these small venues. They called and said I could play Wembley Stadium. I said, This is mad. Why would David Brent play Wembley? Thats when it hit me; he paid top musicians, hes booking venues, and thats where the idea for the movie came.

The Office spawned a lot of comedies that used the fake documentary format or played up the comedy of discomfort. How does it feel to have been at the forefront of that?I dont think I started it, but I fused a few genres so it looked original. I wasnt the first to tap into that stupidity and those idiot characters, Laurel and Hardy did it. I wasnt the first to do a naturalistic fake documentary, you could point to This Is Spinal Tap. Awkwardness and discomfort were done in Seinfeld. What I did do was probably up everything a notch. Mine was slower, more uncomfortable, more desperate.

In addition to your performing, youre an outspoken animal rights activist and atheist. How does it feel to be almost as well-known for your causes as for your work? Its funny isnt it? Those things have always been my passion but you get a bigger platform. As your fame grows, those things about you grow as well. With the invention of social media, the more famous you get and the more access people get to you, the more youre loved but they more youre hated as well. But thats no reason to not still give your opinion and tell the truth. Its never worried me to have a popular or unpopular view. One of my favorite tweets Ive ever got said, Everyones entitled to believe what they want, so shut up about your atheism.

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Ricky Gervais and Stephen Colbert Debate Atheism – Yahoo TV (blog)

Posted: at 3:02 pm

Ricky Gervais gave a defense of atheism on The Late Show With Stephen Colbert. The British comedian and actor is an outspoken atheist, and Colbert is somewhat of a rarity in comedic circles: a devout Catholic. Unlike similar conversations with Bill Maher, this was far more gracious than it was testy.

Ricky Gervais has never been shy about sharing his beliefs. (Photo: Getty Images)

So this is atheism in a nutshell, said Gervais. You say, Theres a god. I say, You can prove that? You say, No. I say, I dont believe you then. So you believe in one god, I assume but there are 3,000 to choose from So basically, you believe in you deny one less god than I do. You dont believe in 2,999 gods. And I dont believe in just one more.

Colbert explained that his gratitude for existence needs to be expressed and winds up being directed toward God. Gervais explained his gratitude for existence is displayed in an appreciation for scientific discovery. We want to make sense of nature and science. It is too unfathomable everything in the universe was once crunched in some small atom, said Gervais. But you dont know that, Colbert interjected. Youre just believing Stephen Hawking, and thats a matter of faith in his abilities. You dont know it yourself. Youre accepting that because someone told you.

Stephen Colbert is a rarity in comedic circles for his deep Catholic faith. (Photo: Getty Images)

Gervais then explained why Colberts argument wasnt compelling to him, and did so in such a succinct manner that Colbert had to give him credit. You see, if we take something like any fiction and any holy book and any other fiction and destroyed it, in 1,000 years time, that wouldnt come back just as it was, Gervais pointed out. Whereas if we took every science book and every fact and destroyed them all, in 1,000 years theyd all be back, because all the same tests would be the same result. Thats good, Colbert acknowledged. Thats really good.

Previously on Colbert: Jon Stewart Reveals Trumps Next Executive Order:

Tell us what you think! Hit us up on Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram or leave your comments below. And check out our host, Khail Anonymous, on Twitter.

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Devout Atheists – Chronicle of Higher Education (subscription)

Posted: at 3:02 pm

My Great-Great-Aunt Kit might have been, in the parlance of her times, an infidel. In the 1890s, she loaded her scrapbook with the blasphemous speeches of the eras most famous agnostic, Robert Ingersoll, marking them up with apparent appreciation.

A student of American religious history, I was surprised to find such interest in unbelief among these ancestors because that side of my family is a long line of Ohio farmers. The instincts of my discipline recommend for them a quiet but dogged Methodism, maybe a flash of revivalism here and there. "Ignorance is the soil of the supernatural. The miraculous is false" wasnt the first thing I would have expected to find circled and starred in a family heirloom.

Village Atheists: How America's Unbelievers Made Their Way in a Godly Nation By Leigh Eric Schmidt

(Princeton University Press)

Schmidt wants to neutralize some of the polemicism surrounding the topic. The very words by which we name this strand of American religious history are negations, inherently adversarial: atheist, nonbeliever, irreligious. Even freethinker is a provocation, if one is just a thinker. Schmidt, though, discovers gray areas and blurred lines between belief and unbelief. "Certainly many freethinkers and evangelicals saw this as a war without a middle ground, but forbearance and mutual recognition nonetheless frequently emerged amid the Manichean opposition."

This is complicated, however, by Schmidts own title character, a composite "cultural figure" drawn from the lives of his four contrarians. Samuel Porter Putnam once published a pamphlet called "Religion a Curse, Religion a Disease, Religion a Lie" (1893). Charles B. Reynolds co-opted the methods of evangelicalism and traveled the country holding tent revivals, preaching a gospel of freethought. Elmina Drake Slenker defied obscenity laws to spread advice about sex and the body, taking particular pride in using "short, emphatic, and clear" words i.e., four-letter ones. Watson Heston drew cartoons demonstrating the absurdity of belief and the unfairness of religions hold on the nations institutions. A typical Heston cartoon mocked common Protestant imagery about "clinging to the cross" by labeling the suffering souls supposed life-saver "a piece of worthless theological driftwood." A "Freethought Life-Boat" offers rescue as the sharks of priestcraft close in.

Schmidt wants the lives of these characters to "capture the dilemmas of a quotidian secularism the tensions between combat and courtesy, candor and dissembling, irreverence and respectability that marked the everyday lives of Americas unbelievers." He succeeds to the extent that these public atheists wrote and spoke to audiences of everyday nonbelievers living amid the assumptions of belief. His four main subjects do not appear to have dissembled much, though, and most of the book is about court cases and public controversies, moments not easily thought of as part of their normal daily lives.

The fact is that much of the everyday 19th-century atheism Schmidt set out to chronicle might have been characterized by silence. Proclaiming oneself an atheist has been and still is in many circles simply considered rude. Schmidt chronicles a recurrent argument among freethinkers themselves about how impolite to be, but does not reflect on the constant violence of self-censorship that this implies. Self-censorship in the face of overwhelming cultural pressure is as much a part of the American atheist experience as irreverent provocation. Family members who knew her she lived to be 99 have no memory of Aunt Kit ever discussing religion.

Beyond the risk of social stigma, atheists have been subject to violence, imprisonment, and the denial of political rights. True, they are not exactly like other persecuted religious minorities in American history. For one thing, they have not been powerless. Contemporary surveys indicate that they tend toward the white, male, and educated, and that is not a new trend. Even in the 19th century, the self-consciously irreverent edge of so much atheist rhetoric came from a place of relative privilege. Compared with the violence wrought along lines of race, gender, and class, the challenges faced by atheists can seem minor, or quaint, or even funny. Schmidt recounts the story of a one-armed Kansan named Jacob B. Wise who was prosecuted in 1895, under the Comstock obscenity laws, for mailing a minister a postcard with a single line on it about eating and drinking human waste. The joke was that the line was from the Bible (Isaiah 36:12).

Schmidt is mostly mindful of this tension, punctuating stories of relative tolerance toward atheists with the real consequences of persecution. (Wise spent a month in jail and was fined $50, all for sending a postcard with a Bible verse on it.) Even as the religious right has wrapped itself in the rhetoric of victimhood, claiming to feel oppressed in a secular nation, surveys continue to suggest that it is atheists who might feel most compelled to hide their commitments of conscience. Americans feel coldest about atheists and Muslims, and admit that they are less likely to vote for members of these groups than any others. In 2005, Justice Antonin Scalia may the God he worshiped rest his soul argued in a dissent "that the Establishment Clause permits the disregard of devout atheists."

Nevertheless, the irreverent work of the village atheist goes on in a public arena radically changed by high-profile 20th-century Supreme Court cases. The Satanic Temple is easily the most entertaining avatar of the village atheists spirit today. They are atheists who claim Satan as a metaphor, not a deity, and they recently announced an "After School Satan" program as a counter to Christian programs permitted to evangelize in public schools. And the University of Miami will soon run a search for an endowed chair in "the study of atheism, humanism and secular ethics." It took the donor more than 15 years and $2.2 million to get the university to agree to use the word "atheism" in the title, but the term might soon be an everyday presence.

Seth Perry is an assistant professor of religion at Princeton University.

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Devout Atheists - Chronicle of Higher Education (subscription)

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Human-pig hybrids might be unsettling. But they could save lives. – Washington Post

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By Paul Knoepfler By Paul Knoepfler February 2

Paul Knoepfler is a stem-cell biologist at the University of California at Davis and writes about innovative science at the Niche. His most recent book is GMO Sapiens: The Life-Changing Science of Designer Babies. You can watch his TED talk on that topic here and find him on Twitter: @pknoepfler.

A new study out of California unsettled a lot of people last week after revealing that scientists had, for the first time, made part-human, part-pig embryos referred to as chimeras. That should be expected: The debate over the technology is a mixed bag of difficult issues not unlike the fire-breathing hybrid Chimera from Greek mythology.

But on balance, the promise of this biotechnology should outweigh our fears and ethical questions. Chimeras could be a game-changer in terms of organ transplants in coming decades, and for that reason, scientists should carefully proceed with the research.

More than 100,000 people in the United States currently sit on organ waiting lists, struggling to stay alive long enough to get a new liver or kidney. With few realistic alternatives to the limited supply of cadaver-based transplants, about 22 Americans die each day. Hundreds more die daily at the global level.

[Eight questions to ask before human genetic engineering goes mainstream.]

Our recent renaissance of cutting-edge biotechnologies particularly based on the utilization of pluripotent stem cells gives real hope for these people in need of transplants. What exactly is a human chimera? Its a mixture of a small number of human cells within an otherwise predominantly animal embryo, such as a pig. The hope is that, if allowed to grow, a chimera embryo would develop entirely as animal except for one harvestable organ that is human. It might even be possible for that organ to be produced from the patients own stem cells, making it a perfect match.

In the past, other researchers have made similar chimeric embryos, mixing human stem cells with mouse cells. But a mouse-size kidney or liver even if made of human cells cannot help a human, because these organs would be about the size of a small kidney bean. Pigs, on the other hand, are relatively closer to humans on the evolutionary tree, perhaps bringing us a small step closer to actual clinical use.

Even so, theres a long road ahead. The California researchers found that many of the human-pig chimeric embryos did not grow properly. And even if organs in pig chimeras ended up 100 percent human at a cellular level, they are certain to contain other factors such as pig proteins that could spark a patient immune reaction leading to organ rejection. Still, every cutting-edge biomedical technology faces technical obstacles at first, and there is a good chance that researchers might overcome these hurdles in the future.

Its understandable if people imagined full-grown, human-pig creatures when reading about this new research. In reality, though, the chimeras produced were only embryos just tiny collections of cells. If the technology progresses further, chimeras would have to be taken to term or near-term before full-size organs could be harvested. Inevitably that means there may be large chimeras produced and photographed for the world to see; but remember, these animals wouldnt look any different from ordinary animals, because only a single organ would be human.

Animal rights advocates were quick to raise ethical questions: Should we allow chimeric pigs to be used as a biomedical incubator of sorts and then sacrificed to obtain a human organ? But this ignores the fact that people are eating billions of animals each year.

Tougher questions focus on the human side of chimeras and include the dilemma of what makes an animal a human in terms of cells. How many human cells within a chimera overall would make that chimera too close to a human being? How many human brain cells and in particular neurons in a human-pig chimera would be too many? What should we do if a human-pig chimera accidentally ended up with an abundance of human cells in its brain? What if a human-pig chimera made human sperm or eggs?

[Whats the difference between genetic engineering and eugenics?]

Fortunately, there are some simple technological answers to many of these questions. We could agree, for example, to prevent all chimeras from being born. We could also use animals that are sterile as the basis for making chimeras and closely monitor human cell numbers in chimeras (including in the brain) during early research studies. We could also ban organ production if human-cell levels consistently fall outside acceptable parameters.

Overall, though, the global shortage of organs for transplants is too urgent a problem to refuse to explore innovative solutions. We should pursue more human-chimera technology while from the start acknowledging and addressing the important bioethical considerations it faces. We should also carefully plan outreach efforts to the public as the technology advances.

Human chimeras not only have potential to address the organ shortage; they also could educate us about unexplored questions of human development. Groundbreaking biomedical technologies might be unnerving, but they have real potential to positively change our world.

Read more:

Eight questions to ask before human genetic engineering goes mainstream

Whats the difference between genetic engineering and eugenics?

In defense of transhumanism

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Trump Set to Attend NATO Summit in May – Wall Street Journal

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Wall Street Journal
Trump Set to Attend NATO Summit in May
Wall Street Journal
BRUSSELSPresident Donald Trump committed to attending a summit of North Atlantic Treaty Organization leaders in May, NATO said Monday, a meeting that member countries sought after Mr. Trump's critical comments about the alliance. The precise date ...
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