Daily Archives: August 25, 2016

Amazon.com: Singularity [Online Game Code]: Video Games

Posted: August 25, 2016 at 4:31 pm

This review might read a little strange because I am going to list a lot of things wrong with the game, then tell you to buy it anyway. The long and short of it is that Raven Software, a group of developers who have been making FPS games for almost two decades, really liked Bioshock. A lot.

While Raven's previous titles from recent years were very old-school, Quake 4 even still having floating weapon pick-ups, Singularity plays much more like a modern console FPS game. Singularity is slow-paced, has various sections that concentrate more on light puzzle-solving than shooting and even long stretches just added for atmosphere. Speaking of atmosphere, the game has it in spades... great environments, cool effects, audio and written logs, films, music, the works. The game uses the Unreal Engine 3 as well, though it has brighter colors and more vibrant environments than many games that use the same engine. Does it sound like Bioshock yet? Okay, how about this: you get special powers that you upgrade and add new abilities to by spending an in-game currency. Warm yet? How about: the game is mostly linear, but has some side paths you can travel for more pick-ups.

What I am driving home here is that Raven might as well of called this Bioshock 3. The UE3 engine, the vibrant colors, the pick-ups, the powers, the slower pace, the light puzzles... everything is influenced by Irrational Games' underwater masterpiece. This makes it a very easy game to review though, because basically if you want another Bioshock then get this game. It is polished and does the Bioshock style well, and the storyline and location... a Russian experimental weapons base you visit long after a disaster of epic proportions, ruined, dark and wet just like Bioshock's Rapture... are well presented.

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Amazon.com: Singularity [Online Game Code]: Video Games

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Singularity – Mass Effect Wiki – Wikia

Posted: at 4:31 pm

Mass Effect Edit This gravitational power sucks multiple enemies within a radius to a single area, leaving them floating helplessly and vulnerable to attack. It can also attract objects from the environment, such as crates or pieces of furniture; enemies will take damage if they collide with other solid objects in the Singularity field. Talent Ranks Edit

These classes have access to the Singularity talent:

Note: This power travels in the direction of the cross-hair, arcing towards the target. Upon impact, it will create the Singularity. Liara's Singularity travels in a straight line, instantly creating a singularity at the targeted location.

Rank 4

Choose to evolve the power into one of the following,

Create a sphere of dark energy that traps and dangles enemies caught in its field.

Increase recharge speed by 25%.

Increase Singularity's hold duration by 20%. Increase impact radius by 20%.

Duration

Increase Singularity's hold duration by 30%. Additional enemies can be lifted before Singularity fades.

Radius

Increase impact radius by 25%.

Lift Damage

Inflict 20 damage per second to lifted targets.

Recharge Speed

Increase recharge speed by 30%.

Expand

Expand the Singularity field by 35% for 10 seconds.

Detonate

Detonate Singularity when the field dies to inflict 300 damage across 5 meters.

Create a sphere of dark energy that traps and dangles enemies caught in its field.

Increase recharge speed by 25%.

Increase damage by 20%.

Duration

Increase Singularity's hold duration by 150%.

Radius

Increase impact radius by 35%.

Lift Damage

Inflict 50 damage per second to lifted targets.

Recharge Speed

Increase recharge speed by 35%.

Damage

Increase damage by 50%.

Detonate

Detonate Singularity when the field dies to inflict 500 damage across 7 meters.

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Singularity - Mass Effect Wiki - Wikia

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Pure Nootropics | Smart Drugs to Enhance Your Life

Posted: at 4:29 pm

During the Renaissance, members of the European nobility started traveling across Europe in search of culture, knowledge, and enjoyable experiences. This Grand Tour provided education and a great deal of happiness to nobles much like modern backpackers and nomads. For all the enjoyment, there were plenty of downsides for our ancestors and in the modern []

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Nootropics are becoming mainstream, but many users realize each person has different brain biochemistry. Each person has different goals, a different budget, and all of these factors require more customization when creating nootropics. This is one reason why all-in-one nootropic solutions like Alpha Brain, TruBrain, or Optimind may not be the best. While studies show []

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Thousands of years ago our ancestors had similar ideas about brain enhancement as we have today. Using the plants and herbs surrounding them, civilizations on the Indian subcontinent utilized what they could to become mentally balanced, happier, and more intelligent. These early nootropic users from what is now known as modern day India developed an []

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Immortality – Superpower Wiki – Wikia

Posted: at 4:26 pm

Immortality Power/Ability to:

Never die

The power to never age and recover from almost any injury. Opposite to Mortality.

Users possess an infinite life span, and can shrug off virtually any kind of physical damage. Some users are the defensive type, simply preventing such damage from appearing (invulnerability/protection), while others are the regenerative type, surviving and quickly recovering from anything you throw at them.

Some may only possess the power of:

Semi-Immortality

Reliant Immortality (Concept-Dependent Immortality, Self-Puppetry)

Immortality

Unfettered Body

Absolute Immortality

See Also: Immortality and Complete Immortality.

Zeus (Greek mythology) is immortal Father of Gods and ruler of Olympus.

Sun Wukong (Journey Into The West) become unable to die or be harmed in any way after eating both the food of the heavens and erasing his name off death's register.

Teitoku Kakine (A Certain Magical Index) achieved a form of immortality by creating a human tissues (and a new body) out of his Dark Matter.

Ladylee (A Certain Magical Index) is an immortal, in that when she grew weary of living, she sought to use powerful magic to kill her, which did not work.

Tenzen Yakushiji (Basilisk) having his symbiote "eat" away his wounds and restoring any ravages of time or battle, even reattaching his head by sealing the cut.

Creed Diskenth (Black Cat) possesses the God's Breath nano-machines within his body, regenerating even fatal wounds in seconds and maintaining his youth, thus granting him immortality aside from any brain damage being irreparable.

Ssuke Aizen (Bleach) gained immortality after fusing with the Hgyoku.

C.C (Code Geass) is immortal.

V.V (Code Geass) is immortal.

Garlic Jr. (Dragon Ball) made a wish via the Dragon Balls for eternal life, and will regenerate from any and all injuries seamlessly.

Kager (Flame of Recca) using a forbidden spell that opens a time portal, but it traps her outside of space-time, rendering her completely immortal.

The Truth (Fullmetal Alchemist) is invincible, immortal and invulnerable.

Utsuro (Gintama) possesses immortality by harnessing the Altana energy of Earth to prevent aging and recover from wounds and diseases.

Kouka (Gintama) possessed immortality by harnessing the Altana energy of Kouan to prevent aging and recover from wounds and diseases. However, when she left the planet for good, she weakened overtime and died.

Yta (Mermaid Saga) is a 500 years old immortal since unwittingly eating mermaid's flesh.

Mana (Mermaid Saga) is a 15 years old immortal since being fed mermaid's flesh.

Masato (Mermaid Saga) is an 800 years old immortal since eating mermaid's flesh.

Orochimaru (Naruto) considers himself immortal with his Living Corpse Reincarnation to transfer his soul to another body and his Cursed Seals as anchors of his conscious.

Hidan's (Naruto) main advantage is his inability to die by physical damage, though he is vulnerable to death by lack of nutrient.

Kakuzu (Naruto) attained a form of immortality (though he denies to think of it as such) by tearing hearts out of others and integrating them into himself, extending his lifespan. He kept five inside him at all times.

Madara Uchiha (Naruto) claims he has achieved complete immortality due to hosting the Shinju, as he regenerated form his torso being blown apart. Only when the tailed beasts were all pulled out of him did he die.

Kaguya tsutsuki (Naruto) is immortal, in that she has tremendous regenerative powers, and that the only way to defeat her is to seal her person away by splitting her chakra into the nine tailed beasts.

Gemma Himuro (Ninja Scroll) putting his severed body parts back together, even his head is possible, rendering him immortal.

Due to her race, Jibril (No Game No Life) has age 6407 years old, she has incredibly vast knowledge and high magical abilities, in two words; she live with gathering many old and new knowledge, in other words; she can no longer age or die.

Rin Asogi (RIN ~Daughters of Mnemosyne~) is immortal, due to a magic spore from Yggdrasil. she can even handle more alcohol than a normal person.

Free (Soul Eater) is a werewolf from the Immortal Clan, and therefore, immortal. He can only be harmed and killed by the "Witch-Hunt".

Koj Akatsuki (Strike the Blood) is revealed to be immortal, even by vampire standards after regenerating from complete decapitation.

Tta Konoe (UQ Holder) cannot regrow limbs unless they are completely destroyed, but otherwise is immortal and can reattach any of it, including his head.

Karin Yki (UQ Holder) has one of the highest ranked forms of immortality, stating that she's "not permitted to get hurt or die"

Elder Toguro (Yu Yu Hakusho) stated that his regenerative powers enables him from dying. This prevented him from dying from Kurama's torturous Sinning Tree.

Zeref (Fairy Tail) was cursed by Ankhseram with his contradiction curse which gives him uncontrollable Death Magic and Immortality.

Ban (Nanatsu no Taizai) acquired immortality after drinking the Fountain of Youth.

Porky Minch (Earthbound) has abused Time Travel so much that his body is stuck in the current timeline and cannot age nor die.

It is believed that Ganondorf (The Legend of Zelda) is immortal due to the Triforce of Power.

Clockwerk (Sly Cooper) has kept himself alive for millennia thanks to his cybernetic body and his jealousy and hatred of the Cooper Clan.

Solaris (Sonic the Hedgehog) is a super-dimensional life form and the Sun God of Solenna, and exists in all timelines that he is immortal unless he is killed simultaneously in every temporal point.

Presea Combatir (Tales of Symphonia) is immortal and invulnerable because of a combination of her exsphere and her special ability Suppress

Kaguya Houraisan (Touhou Project) drank the Hourai Elixir, which grants her immortal in every sense of the word: she does not age, is immune to disease, and can regenerate from even being completely disintegrated.

Though he can be imprisoned and sealed away, Grima (Fire Emblem) can only be truly and permanently killed by his own hand.

Snow White (Valkyrie Crusade) is a immortal princess that is always trying to die, but nothing works.

Shadow the Hedgehog (Sonic the Hedgehog)

Chip/Light Gaia (Sonic the Hedgehog)

Dogmeat (Fallout 4) cannot die

Doomsday (DC Comics), being immune to all that once killed him.

Ra's al Ghl (DC Comics) is granted immortality by the Lazarus Pit's effects.

Lobo (DC Comics) possessing regenerative powers of such a level that he can recreate his entire body from nothing more than a puddle of his blood, as he is banned from Death.

Resurrection Man (DC Comics) is immortal, and will return to life no matter how many times he is killed, returning with a new power associated to how he was killed.

Hercules (Marvel Comics) an Olympic half God.

Deadpool (Marvel Comics) is in the same boat as Thanos, both banished from death.

Gaea (Marvel Comics), the Elder Goddess of Nature.

Loki (Marvel Comics), the God of Mischief, is immortal.

Zeus (Marvel Comics), the King of the Olympic Gods.

Atlas (Marvel Comics) no longer ages and is functionally immortal because of the ionic energy that empowers him.

Adam Destine (Marvel Comics) is immortal and invulnerable to physical harm.

Mr. Immortal (Marvel Comics) having evolved beyond death cannot be killed permanently, and will always come back to life without so much as a scar.

Count Nefaria (Marvel Comics) no longer ages and is functionally immortal because of the ionic energy that empowers him.

Wonder Man (Marvel Comics) no longer ages and is functionally immortal because of the ionic energy that empowers him.

Dr. Manhattan (Watchmen) is immortal due to his physiology.

Pariah Dark (Danny Phantom) is the powerful immortal, former king of ghosts.

Peter Griffin (Family Guy) Peter Griffin has survived many life threatening situations and came back unscathed.

Ernie the Giant Chicken (Family Guy) always comes back for a rematch despite Peter Griffin always dealing a fatal blow on Ernie.

Lord Voldemort (Harry Potter) acquired immortality by splitting his soul and hiding the fragments in various objects as anchors, though when his body was destroyed, he existed as a spectral form that many others would prefer death over.

Fawkes (Harry Potter) is a phoenix, who will be reborn with all of his memories intact upon death, and thus immortal, being the only known creatures in the wizarding world to have natural immortality.

Adam Monroe (Heroes) possessed immortality due to his tremendously advanced regeneration ability, though once the ability is taken away from him, he died within seconds.

The Dog Talisman (Jackie Chan Adventures) grants its master invincibility.

Nathan Young (MisFits) is immortal.

General Immortus (Teen Titans) knows the strategy of every battle in history because he was there to see it.

Starscream (Transformers G1) possesses an immortal Spark, soul energy, meaning even if his physical vessel is destroyed he will live on.

Jason Voorhees (Friday the 13th) can only be truly and permanently killed by his own family members.

The Beast (Doctor Who) claims to have existed before our universe was created

Candyman (Candyman) has lived for centuries

Ashildr AKA Me (Doctor Who) is effectively immortal due to being given a Mire computer chip.

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Immortality - Superpower Wiki - Wikia

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NATO – Council on Foreign Relations

Posted: at 4:21 pm

Op-Ed What Trump Doesnt Know About Allies Author: Stephen Sestanovich July 30, 2016 New York Times

Donald Trump's suggestion that NATO allies would lose U.S. protection unless they "pay" more for their defense is a reminder of how easily presidents can blunder their way into trouble, writes CFR's Stephen Sestanovich.

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Inthe last year, some39,000 migrants, mostly from North Africa, tried to make their way to the United Kingdom from the French port of Calais by boarding trucks and trains crossing the English Channel.

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A close call. It is tempting to view the chaos in Libya today as yet one more demonstration of the futility of U.S.-led military interventions. That is precisely the case that Alan Kuperman makes in his article (Obamas Libya Debacle, March/April 2015), which asserts that NATOs 2011 intervention in Libya was an abject failure that set free Libyas vast conventional weapons stockpiles, gave rise to extremist groups, and even exacerbated the conflict in Syria.

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Janine Davidson presents an interactive model of NATO members' military spending from 1949 to the present day. This visualization also tracks the total proportion of U.S. contribution over time.

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This document was issued on September 5, 2014, after a summit with NATO leaders which addressed the instability in Europe between Russia and the Ukraine and the threat of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The declaration includes increased sanctions against Russia and a rapid-reaction force based in Eastern Europe to act against moves from the Russian military.

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John Mearsheimer, R. Wendell Harrison distinguished service professor of political science at the University of Chicago and author of "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault" in the September/October 2014 issue of Foreign Affairs, on the unintended effects of NATO expansion.

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Listen to Ivo Daalder, former U.S. permanent representative to NATO and president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and Michael McFaul, former U.S. ambassador to Russia and professor of political science at Stanford University discuss NATO's role in addressing global challenges, including Afghanistan, Ukraine, and ISIS.

See more in Russian Federation; Ukraine; NATO; Regional Security

Adam Mount and Hans Kristensen argue that tactical nuclear bombs in Europe are no longer useful for defense, deterrance, or assurance. They have had little effect on Russian President Vladimir Putin's transgressions in Eastern Europe and instead detract from more useful defense initiatives.

See more in Europe; NATO; Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament

Janine Davidson and Emerson Brooking argue that, on the eve of the 2014 NATO Wales Summit, the ongoing war in Afghanistan should not be relegated to a "side issue" in light of the crisis in Ukraine and growing threat of ISIS. The next few months will be critical in determining that Afghanistan does not follow the path of Iraq.

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When Western leaders gather for the NATO summit in Wales next week, they will be expected to answer calls to revive the old alliance in order to confront Russias gradual invasion of Ukraine. Despite this new clarity of purpose, however, the alliance remains profoundlydivided.

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With crises brewing in Ukraine and the Middle East, the transatlantic alliance must develop new capabilities to address the rising threat of unconventional warfare, says CFR's Janine Davidson.

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U.S. President Barack Obama and Polish President Bronisaw Komorowski held a press conference on June 3, 2014, to discuss commitments to NATO and Ukraine.

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Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel spoke at the Woodrow Wilson International Center Forum on May 2, 2014. He discussed strengthening NATO, in the context of Russia's annexation of Crimea and U.S. defense budget constraints.

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Russian aggression in Ukraine has breathed new life into the Cold War-era security alliance, prompting allies to reinforce defenses in Eastern Europe and expand cooperation with nonmembers.

See more in NATO; Europe; Americas; Military Operations

The Foreign Policy Initiative organized fifty-two former U.S. government officials and foreign policy experts to sign a bipartisan letter to President Obama regarding policy to respond to Russia's actions in Ukraine.

See more in Russian Federation; Ukraine; Sanctions; NATO

NATO's response to Russia's annexation of Crimea may require it to bolster eastern European members with both military and non-military actions, says expert Christopher S. Chivvis.

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NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen spoke at a Brookings Institution event, The Future of the Alliance: Revitalizing NATO for a Changing World. Secretary-General Rasmussen's remarks, as prepared for delivery, are titled "Why NATO Matters to America."

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"Europe is under pressure, both internally and from its allies, to take more responsibility for defence and security, especially in its immediate neighbourhood. The post-Cold War history of European deployments in Europe and joint NATO missions provide abundant evidence of such demands. Currently, US defence spending represents 72 percent of the NATO total up from 63 percent in 2001."

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Although there is no formal institutional connection between India and NATO, India and the NATO allies, most importantly the United States, informally share an interest in maintaining maritime security in the Indian Ocean and have spent significant resources to combat piracy in this vast area.

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U.S. missile defense in the twenty-first century is focused on emerging threats from North Korea and Iran, but critics say these systems are too costly and largely unproven.

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First Amendment – Watchdog.org

Posted: at 4:20 pm

By M.D. Kittle / August 14, 2016 / First Amendment, Free Speech, News, Power Abuse, Wisconsin / No Comments

There is a vital need for citizens to have an effective remedy against government officials who investigate them principally because of their partisan affiliation and political speech.

By M.D. Kittle / August 8, 2016 / Commentary, First Amendment, Free Speech, National, Wisconsin / No Comments

Thats precisely what I expected from a party whose platform includes rewriting the First Amendment

By M.D. Kittle / August 3, 2016 / First Amendment, Free Speech, News, Power Abuse, Wisconsin / No Comments

The question that arises is do conservatives have civil rights before Judge Lynn Adelman?

By M.D. Kittle / August 2, 2016 / First Amendment, News, Power Abuse, Wisconsin / No Comments

Now, years after defendants unlawfully seized and catalogued millions of our sensitive documents, we ask the court to vindicate our rights under federal law.

By M.D. Kittle / July 25, 2016 / First Amendment, National, News, Politics & Elections, Wisconsin / No Comments

Moore has uttered some of the more inflammatory, ill-informed statements in Congress.

By M.D. Kittle / July 14, 2016 / First Amendment, Judiciary, News, Power Abuse, Wisconsin / No Comments

The process continues to be the punishment for people who were found wholly innocent of any wrongdoing, she said.

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Human mitochondrial genetics – Wikipedia, the free …

Posted: at 4:19 pm

Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA). In humans, as in most multicellular organisms, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum. There are theories, however, that paternal mtDNA transmission in humans can occur under certain circumstances.[1]

Mitochondrial inheritance is therefore non-Mendelian, as Mendelian inheritance presumes that half the genetic material of a fertilized egg (zygote) derives from each parent.

Eighty percent of mitochondrial DNA codes for mitochondrial RNA, and therefore most mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to functional problems, which may be manifested as muscle disorders (myopathies).

Because they provide 30 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule in contrast to the 2 ATP molecules produced by glycolysis, mitochondria are essential to all higher organisms for sustaining life. The mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders carried in mitochondrial DNA, or nuclear DNA coding for mitochondrial components. Slight problems with any one of the numerous enzymes used by the mitochondria can be devastating to the cell, and in turn, to the organism.

In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569,[2][3] DNA base pairs,[4] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15.[4] Each human cell contains approximately 100 mitochondria, giving a total number of mtDNA molecules per human cell of approximately 500.[4]

Because mitochondrial diseases (diseases due to malfunction of mitochondria) can be inherited both maternally and through chromosomal inheritance, the way in which they are passed on from generation to generation can vary greatly depending on the disease. Mitochondrial genetic mutations that occur in the nuclear DNA can occur in any of the chromosomes (depending on the species). Mutations inherited through the chromosomes can be autosomal dominant or recessive and can also be sex-linked dominant or recessive. Chromosomal inheritance follows normal Mendelian laws, despite the fact that the phenotype of the disease may be masked.

Because of the complex ways in which mitochondrial and nuclear DNA "communicate" and interact, even seemingly simple inheritance is hard to diagnose. A mutation in chromosomal DNA may change a protein that regulates (increases or decreases) the production of another certain protein in the mitochondria or the cytoplasm; this may lead to slight, if any, noticeable symptoms. On the other hand, some devastating mtDNA mutations are easy to diagnose because of their widespread damage to muscular, neural, and/or hepatic tissues (among other high-energy and metabolism-dependent tissues) and because they are present in the mother and all the offspring.

Mitochondrial genome mutations are passed on 100% of the time from mother to all her offspring. So, if a female has a mitochondrial trait, all offspring inherit it. However, if a male has a mitochondrial trait, no offspring inherit it. The number of affected mtDNA molecules inherited by a specific offspring can vary greatly because

It is possible, even in twin births, for one baby to receive more than half mutant mtDNA molecules while the other twin may receive only a tiny fraction of mutant mtDNA molecules with respect to wildtype (depending on how the twins divide from each other and how many mutant mitochondria happen to be on each side of the division). In a few cases, some mitochondria or a mitochondrion from the sperm cell enters the oocyte but paternal mitochondria are actively decomposed.

Genes in the human mitochondrial genome are as follows.

It was originally incorrectly believed that the mitochondrial genome contained only 13 protein-coding genes, all of them encoding proteins of the electron transport chain. However, in 2001, a 14th biologically active protein called humanin was discovered, and was found to be encoded by the mitochondrial gene MT-RNR2 which also encodes part of the mitochondrial ribosome (made out of RNA):

Unlike the other proteins, humanin does not remain in the mitochondria, and interacts with the rest of the cell and cellular receptors. Humanin can protect brain cells by inhibiting apoptosis. Despite its name, versions of humanin also exist in other animals, such as rattin in rats.

Mitochondrial rRNA is encoded by MT-RNR1 (12S) and MT-RNR2 (16S).

The following genes encode tRNA:

In humans, the light strand of mtDNA carries 28 genes and the heavy strand of mtDNA carries only 9 genes.[5] Eight of the 9 genes on the heavy strand code for mitochondrial tRNA molecules. Human mtDNA consists of 16,569 nucleotide pairs. The entire molecule is regulated by only one regulatory region which contains the origins of replication of both heavy and light strands. The entire human mitochondrial DNA molecule has been mapped[1][2].

The genetic code is, for the most part, universal, with few exceptions: mitochondrial genetics includes some of these. For most organisms the "stop codons" are "UAA", "UAG", and "UGA". In vertebrate mitochondria "AGA" and "AGG" are also stop codons, but not "UGA", which codes for tryptophan instead. "AUA" codes for isoleucine in most organisms but for methionine in vertebrate mitochondrial mRNA.

There are many other variations among the codes used by other mitochondrial m/tRNA, which happened not to be harmful to their organisms, and which can be used as a tool (along with other mutations among the mtDNA/RNA of different species) to determine relative proximity of common ancestry of related species. (The more related two species are, the more mtDNA/RNA mutations will be the same in their mitochondrial genome).

Using these techniques, it is estimated that the first mitochondria arose around 1.5 billion years ago. A generally accepted hypothesis is that mitochondria originated as an aerobic prokaryote in a symbiotic relationship within an anaerobic eukaryote.

Mitochondrial replication is controlled by nuclear genes and is specifically suited to make as many mitochondria as that particular cell needs at the time.

Mitochondrial transcription in Human is initiated from three promoters, H1, H2, and L (heavy strand 1, heavy strand 2, and light strand promoters). The H2 promoter transcribes almost the entire heavy strand and the L promoter transcribes the entire light strand. The H1 promoter causes the transcription of the two mitochondrial rRNA molecules.[6]

When transcription takes place on the heavy strand a polycistronic transcript is created. The light strand produces either small transcripts, which can be used as primers, or one long transcript. The production of primers occurs by processing of light strand transcripts with the Mitochondrial RNase MRP (Mitochondrial RNA Processing). The requirement of transcription to produce primers links the process of transcription to mtDNA replication. Full length transcripts are cut into functional tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA molecules.[citation needed]

The process of transcription initiation in mitochondria involves three types of proteins: the mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 (TFB1M, TFB2M). POLRMT, TFAM, and TFB1M or TFB2M assemble at the mitochondrial promoters and begin transcription. The actual molecular events that are involved in initiation are unknown, but these factors make up the basal transcription machinery and have been shown to function in vitro.[citation needed]

Mitochondrial translation is still not very well understood. In vitro translations have still not been successful, probably due to the difficulty of isolating sufficient mt mRNA, functional mt rRNA, and possibly because of the complicated changes that the mRNA undergoes before it is translated.[citation needed]

The Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase (Pol gamma, encoded by the POLG gene) is used in the copying of mtDNA during replication. Because the two (heavy and light) strands on the circular mtDNA molecule have different origins of replication, it replicates in a D-loop mode. One strand begins to replicate first, displacing the other strand. This continues until replication reaches the origin of replication on the other strand, at which point the other strand begins replicating in the opposite direction. This results in two new mtDNA molecules. Each mitochondrion has several copies of the mtDNA molecule and the number of mtDNA molecules is a limiting factor in mitochondrial fission. After the mitochondrion has enough mtDNA, membrane area, and membrane proteins, it can undergo fission (very similar to that which bacteria use) to become two mitochondria. Evidence suggests that mitochondria can also undergo fusion and exchange (in a form of crossover) genetic material among each other. Mitochondria sometimes form large matrices in which fusion, fission, and protein exchanges are constantly occurring. mtDNA shared among mitochondria (despite the fact that they can undergo fusion).[citation needed]

Mitochondrial DNA is susceptible to damage from free oxygen radicals from mistakes that occur during the production of ATP through the electron transport chain. These mistakes can be caused by genetic disorders, cancer, and temperature variations. These radicals can damage mtDNA molecules or change them, making it hard for mitochondrial polymerase to replicate them. Both cases can lead to deletions, rearrangements, and other mutations. Recent evidence has suggested that mitochondria have enzymes that proofread mtDNA and fix mutations that may occur due to free radicals. It is believed that a DNA recombinase found in mammalian cells is also involved in a repairing recombination process. Deletions and mutations due to free radicals have been associated with the aging process. It is believed that radicals cause mutations which lead to mutant proteins, which in turn led to more radicals. This process takes many years and is associated with some aging processes involved in oxygen-dependent tissues such as brain, heart, muscle, and kidney. Auto-enhancing processes such as these are possible causes of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and coronary artery disease.[citation needed]

Because mitochondrial growth and fission are mediated by the nuclear DNA, mutations in nuclear DNA can have a wide array of effects on mtDNA replication. Despite the fact that the loci for some of these mutations have been found on human chromosomes, specific genes and proteins involved have not yet been isolated. Mitochondria need a certain protein to undergo fission. If this protein (generated by the nucleus) is not present, the mitochondria grow but they do not divide. This leads to giant, inefficient mitochondria. Mistakes in chromosomal genes or their products can also affect mitochondrial replication more directly by inhibiting mitochondrial polymerase and can even cause mutations in the mtDNA directly and indirectly. Indirect mutations are most often caused by radicals created by defective proteins made from nuclear DNA.[citation needed]

In total, the mitochondrion hosts about 3000 different types of proteins, but only about 13 of them are coded on the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the 3000 types of proteins are involved in a variety of processes other than ATP production, such as porphyrin synthesis. Only about 3% of them code for ATP production proteins. This means most of the genetic information coding for the protein makeup of mitochondria is in chromosomal DNA and is involved in processes other than ATP synthesis. This increases the chances that a mutation that will affect a mitochondrion will occur in chromosomal DNA, which is inherited in a Mendelian pattern. Another result is that a chromosomal mutation will affect a specific tissue due to its specific needs, whether those may be high energy requirements or a need for the catabolism or anabolism of a specific neurotransmitter or nucleic acid. Because several copies of the mitochondrial genome are carried by each mitochondrion (2-10 in humans), mitochondrial mutations can be inherited maternally by mtDNA mutations which are present in mitochondria inside the oocyte before fertilization, or (as stated above) through mutations in the chromosomes.[citation needed]

Mitochondrial diseases range in severity from asymptomatic to fatal, and are most commonly due to inherited rather than acquired mutations of mitochondrial DNA. A given mitochondrial mutation can cause various diseases depending on the severity of the problem in the mitochondria and the tissue the affected mitochondria are in. Conversely, several different mutations may present themselves as the same disease. This almost patient-specific characterization of mitochondrial diseases (see Personalized medicine) makes them very hard to accurately recognize, diagnose and trace. Some diseases are observable at or even before birth (many causing death) while others do not show themselves until late adulthood (late-onset disorders). This is because the number of mutant versus wildtype mitochondria varies between cells and tissues, and is continuously changing. Because cells have multiple mitochondria, different mitochondria in the same cell can have different variations of the mtDNA. This condition is referred to as heteroplasmy. When a certain tissue reaches a certain ratio of mutant versus wildtype mitochondria, a disease will present itself. The ratio varies from person to person and tissue to tissue (depending on its specific energy, oxygen, and metabolism requirements, and the effects of the specific mutation). Mitochondrial diseases are very numerous and different. Apart from diseases caused by abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA, many diseases are suspected to be associated in part by mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as diabetes mellitus, forms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, lactic acidosis, specific forms of myopathy, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons's disease, stroke, male infertility and which are also believed to play a role in the aging process.[citation needed]

Human mtDNA can also be used to help identify individuals.[7] Forensic laboratories occasionally use mtDNA comparison to identify human remains, and especially to identify older unidentified skeletal remains. Although unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is not specific to one individual, it can be used in combination with other evidence (anthropological evidence, circumstantial evidence, and the like) to establish identification. mtDNA is also used to exclude possible matches between missing persons and unidentified remains.[8] Many researchers believe that mtDNA is better suited to identification of older skeletal remains than nuclear DNA because the greater number of copies of mtDNA per cell increases the chance of obtaining a useful sample, and because a match with a living relative is possible even if numerous maternal generations separate the two. American outlaw Jesse James's remains were identified using a comparison between mtDNA extracted from his remains and the mtDNA of the son of the female-line great-granddaughter of his sister.[9] Similarly, the remains of Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), last Empress of Russia, and her children were identified by comparison of their mitochondrial DNA with that of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, whose maternal grandmother was Alexandra's sister Victoria of Hesse.[10] Similarly to identify Emperor Nicholas II remains his mitochondrial DNA was compared with that of James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife, whose maternal great-grandmother Alexandra of Denmark (Queen Alexandra) was sister of Nicholas II mother Dagmar of Denmark (Empress Maria Feodorovna).[11]

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5th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and …

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Track-1 Cell Therapy:

Cell therapyas performed by alternativemedicinepractitioners is very different from the controlled research done by conventionalstem cellmedical researchers. Alternative practitioners refer to their form of cell therapy by several other different names includingxenotransplanttherapy,glandular therapy, and fresh cell therapy. Proponents ofcell therapyclaim that it has been used successfully to rebuild damaged cartilage in joints, repair spinal cord injuries,strengthen a weakenedimmune system, treat autoimmune diseases such as AIDS, and help patients withneurological disorderssuch as Alzheimers disease,Parkinson's diseaseand epilepsy.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research,Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21,2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-2 Gene therapy:

Gene therapyand cell therapy are overlapping fields of biomedical research with the goals of repairing the direct cause of genetic diseases in the DNA orcellularpopulation, respectively. The development of suitablegene therapytreatments for manygenetic diseasesand some acquired diseases has encountered many challenges and uncovered new insights into gene interactions and regulation. Further development often involves uncovering basic scientific knowledge of the affected tissues, cells, and genes, as well as redesigning vectors, formulations, and regulatory cassettes for the genes.Cell therapyis expanding its repertoire of cell types for administration.Cell therapytreatment strategies include isolation and transfer of specific stem cell populations, administration of effector cells, and induction of mature cells to becomepluripotent cells, and reprogramming of mature cells.

Related Conferences:

2nd International Conference onMolecular Biology , London, UK ,June 22-24, 2017; 3rd World Bio Summit & Expo, Abu Dhabi, UAE, June 19-21, 2017; 5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017.

Track-3 Cell and gene therapy products:

Articles containing or consisting ofhuman cellsor tissues that are intended for implantation,transplantation, infusion, or transfer to a human recipient.Gene therapiesare novel and complex products that can offer unique challenges in product development. Hence, ongoing communication between the FDA and stakeholders is essential to meet these challenges.Gene therapy productsare being developed around the world, the FDA is engaged in a number of international harmonization activities in this area.

Examples:Musculoskeletal tissue, skin, ocular tissue, human heart valves;vascular graft, dura mater, reproductive tissue/cells, Stem/progenitor cells,somatic cells, Cells transduced withgene therapyvectors , Combination products (e.g., cells or tissue + device)

Related Conferences:

7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkok, Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress, April 10-12, 2017; Beijing, China,15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017.

Track-4 Cellular therapy:

Cellular therapy, also calledlive cell therapy, cellular suspensions, glandular therapy, fresh cell therapy, sick cell therapy,embryonic cell therapy, andorgan therapy- refers to various procedures in which processed tissue from animal embryos, foetuses or organs, is injected or taken orally. Products are obtained from specific organs or tissues said to correspond with the unhealthy organs or tissues of the recipient. Proponents claim that the recipient's body automatically transports the injected cells to thetarget organs, where they supposedly strengthen them and regenerate their structure. The organs and glands used in cell treatment include brain, pituitary,thyroid, adrenals, thymus, liver,kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart,ovary, testis, and parotid. Several different types of cell or cell extract can be given simultaneously - some practitioners routinely give up to 20 or more at once.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017;International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017; 7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Paris, France,Aug 04-05, 2016;3rd International Conference & Exhibition onTissue Preservation and Bio banking, Baltimore, USA,June 29-30, 2017.

Track-5 Cancer gene therapy:

Cancer therapiesare drugs or other substances that block the growth and spread ofcancerby interfering with specific molecules ("molecular targets") that are involved in the growth, progression, and spread ofcancer. Many cancer therapies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat specific types of cancer. The development of targetedtherapiesrequires the identification of good targets that is, targets that play a key role in cancer cell growth and survival. One approach to identify potential targets is to compare the amounts of individualproteinsin cancer cells with those in normal cells.Proteinsthat are present in cancer cells but not normal cells or that are more abundant incancercells would be potential targets, especially if they are known to be involved incell growthor survival.

Related Conferences:

2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017.

Track-6 Nano therapy:

Nano Therapymay be defined as the monitoring, repair, construction and control of human biological systems at themolecular level, using engineerednanodevicesand nanostructures. Basic nanostructured materials, engineeredenzymes, and the many products of biotechnology will be enormously useful in near-term medical applications. However, the full promise ofnanomedicineis unlikely to arrive until after the development of precisely controlled or programmable medical Nano machines andnanorobots.

Related Conferences:

15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet ,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017 ;2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017.

Track-7 Skin cell therapy:

Stem cellshave newly become a huge catchphrase in theskincarebiosphere. Skincare specialists are not usingembryonic stem cells; it is impossible to integrate live materials into a skincare product. Instead, scientists are creating products with specialized peptides andenzymesor plantstem cellswhich, when applied topically on the surface, help to protect the human skinstem cellsfrom damage and deterioration or stimulate the skins own stem cells. Currently, the technique is mainly used to save the lives of patients who have third degree burns over very large areas of their bodies.

Related Conferences:

5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid,Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017;International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017;2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017.

Track-8 HIV gene therapy:

Highly activeantiretroviral therapydramatically improves survival inHIV-infected patients. However, persistence of HIV in reservoirs has necessitated lifelong treatment that can be complicated bycumulative toxicities, incomplete immune restoration, and the emergence of drug-resistant escapemutants. Cell and gene therapies offer the promise of preventing progressiveHIV infectionby interfering with HIV replication in the absence of chronicantiviral therapy.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,Paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017;7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,Paris,France,Aug 04-05, 2016.

Track-9 Diabetes for gene therapy:

Cell therapyapproaches for this disease are focused on developing the most efficient methods for the isolation ofpancreasbeta cells or appropriatestem cells, appropriate location forcell transplant, and improvement of their survival upon infusion. Alternatively, gene andcell therapyscientists are developing methods to reprogram some of the other cells of the pancreas to secreteinsulin. Currently ongoingclinical trialsusing these gene andcell therapystrategies hold promise for improved treatments of type I diabetes in the future. The firstgene therapyapproach to diabetes was put forward shortly after the cloning of theinsulingene. It was proposed that non-insulin producing cells could be made into insulin-producingcells using a suitable promoter and insulin gene construct, and that these substitute cells could restore insulin production in type 1 and some type 2 diabetics.

Related Conferences:

15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet ,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017;6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017;5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017.

Track-10 Viral gene therapy:

Converting avirusinto a vector Theviral life cyclecan be divided into two temporally distinct phases: infection and replication. Forgene therapyto be successful, an appropriate amount of a therapeutic gene must be delivered into the target tissue without substantial toxicity. Eachviral vectorsystem is characterized by an inherent set of properties that affect its suitability for specific gene therapy applications. For some disorders, long-term expression from a relatively small proportion of cells would be sufficient (for example, genetic disorders), whereas otherpathologiesmight require high, but transient,gene expression. For example, gene therapies designed to interfere with a viral infectious process or inhibit the growth ofcancer cellsby reconstitution of inactivated tumour suppressor genes may require gene transfer into a large fraction of theabnormal cells.

Related Conferences:

3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017;5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017.

Track-11 Stem cell therapies:

Stem cells have tremendous promise to help us understand and treat a range of diseases, injuries and other health-related conditions. Their potential is evident in the use ofblood stem cellsto treat diseases of the blood, a therapy that has saved the lives of thousands of children withleukaemia; and can be seen in the use ofstem cellsfor tissue grafts to treat diseases or injury to the bone, skin and surface of the eye. Some bone, skin andcorneal(eye) injuries and diseases can be treated bygraftingor implanting tissues, and the healing process relies on stem cells within thisimplanted tissue.

Related Conferences:

2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017; 2nd International Conference onMolecular Biology,London, UK,June 22-24, 2017; 15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017.

Track-12 Stem cell preservation:

The ability to preserve the cells is critical to theirclinicalapplication. It improves patient access to therapies by increasing the genetic diversity of cells available. In addition, the ability to preserve cells improves the "manufacturability" of acell therapyproduct by permitting the cells to be stored until the patient is ready for administration of the therapy, permitting inventory control of products, and improving management of staffing atcell therapyfacilities. Finally, the ability to preservecell therapiesimproves the safety of cell therapy products by extending the shelf life of a product and permitting completion of safety and quality control testing before release of the product for use. preservation permits coordination between the manufacture of the therapy and patient care regimes.

Related Conferences:

7th Annual Conference on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,Paris, France,Aug 04-05, 2016; 2nd Biotechnology World Convention,LONDON, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017.

Track-13 Stem cell products:

The globalstemcell,Stem cell productsmarket will grow from about $5.6 billion in 2013 to nearly $10.6 billion in 2018, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.6% from 2013 through 2018.This trackdiscusses the implications ofstemcellresearchand commercial trends in the context of the current size and growth of thepharmaceutical market, both in global terms and analysed by the most important national markets.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, las vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-14 Genetically inherited diseases:

Agenetic diseaseis any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual'sgenome, the person's entiregeneticmakeup. The abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a grosschromosome abnormalityinvolving the addition or subtraction of an entirechromosomeor set of chromosomes.Most genetic diseases are the direct result of a mutation in one gene. However, one of the most difficult problems ahead is to find out how genes contribute to diseases that have a complex pattern ofinheritance, such as in the cases of diabetes,asthma,cancerandmental illness. In all these cases, no one gene has the yes/no power to say whether a person has a disease or not. It is likely that more than one mutation is required before the disease is manifest, and a number of genes may each make a subtle contribution to a person's susceptibility to a disease; genes may also affect how a person reacts toenvironmental factors.

Related Conferences:

15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany, July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; International Conference onCell Signalling and Cancer Therapy,paris, France,Aug 20-22, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017.

Track-15 Plant stem cells:

Plantshave emerged as powerful production platforms for the expression of fully functional recombinantmammalian proteins. These expression systems have demonstrated the ability to produce complexglycoproteinsin a cost-efficient manner at large scale. The full realization of thetherapeuticpotential of stem cells has only recently come into the forefront ofregenerative medicine. Stem cells are unprogrammed cells that can differentiate into cells with specific functions.Regenerative therapiesare used to stimulate healing and might be used in the future to treat various kinds of diseases.Regenerative medicinewill result in an extended healthy life span. A fresh apple is a symbol for beautiful skin. Hair greying for example could be shown to result from the fact that themelanocyte stem cellsin the hair follicle have died off.

Related Conferences:

9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; 7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkok, Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; 15th Euro Biotechnology Congress, Valencia, Spain, June 05-07, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition onCell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017; 3rd International Conference & Exhibition onTissue Preservation and Bio banking,Baltimore, USA,June 29-30, 2017.

Track-16 Plant stem cell rejuvenation:

Asplantscannot escape from danger by running or taking flight, they need a special mechanism to withstandenvironmental stress. What empowers them to withstand harsh attacks and preserve life is the stem cell. According to Wikipedia, plantstem cellsnever undergo theagingprocess but constantly create new specialized and unspecialized cells, and they have the potential to grow into any organ, tissue, or cell in the body. The everlasting life is due to the hormones auxin andgibberellin. British scientists found that plant stem cells were much more sensitive toDNAdamage than other cells. And once they sense damage, they trigger death of these cells.

Rejuvenate with Plant Stem Cells

Detoxifyand release toxins on a cellular level. Nourishyour body with vital nutrients. Regenerateyour cells and diminish the effects of aging.

Related Conferences:

International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017; 15th Biotechnology Congress, Baltimore, USA, June 22-23, 2017; 3rd International Conference onSynthetic Biology, Munich, Germany,July 20-21, 2017; 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and Gene Therapy,Madrid, Spain,Mar 2-3, 2017.

Track-17 Clinical trials in cell and gene therapy:

Aclinical trialis a research study that seeks to determine if a treatment is safe and effective. Advancing new cell andgene therapies(CGTs) from the laboratory into early-phaseclinical trialshas proven to be a complex task even for experienced investigators. Due to the wide variety ofCGTproducts and their potential applications, a case-by-case assessment is warranted for the design of each clinical trial.

Objectives:Determine thepharmacokineticsof this regimen by the persistence of modified T cells in the blood of these patients, Evaluate theimmunogenicityof murine sequences in chimeric anti-CEA Ig TCR, Assess immunologic parameters which correlate with the efficacy of this regimen in these patients, Evaluate, in a preliminary manner, the efficacy of this regimen in patients with CEA bearingtumours.

Related Conferences:

2nd Biotechnology World Convention,London, UK,May 25-27, 2017; International Conference on Animal and Human Cell Culture, Jackson Ville, USA, Sep 25-27, 2017; 9th International Conference onCancer Genomics, Chicago, USA, May 29-31, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017.

Track-18 Molecular epigenetics:

Epigeneticsis the study of heritable changes in thephenotypeof a cell or organism that are not caused by its genotype. The molecular basis of anepigeneticprofile arises from covalent modifications of protein andDNAcomponents ofchromatin. The epigenetic profile of a cell often dictates cell fate, as well as mammalian development,agingand disease. Epigenetics has evolved to become the science that explains how the differences in the patterns ofgene expressionin diverse cells or tissues are executed and inherited.

Related Confderences:

5th International Conference onIntegrative Biology, London, UK, June 19-21, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017; 9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress,Beijing, China,April 10-12, 2017.

Track-19 Bioengineering therapeutics:

The goals ofbioengineeringstrategies for targetedcancertherapies are (1) to deliver a high dose of an anticancer drug directly to a cancer tumour, (2) to enhance drug uptake by malignant cells, and (3) to minimize drug uptake by non-malignant cells. In ESRD micro electro mechanical systems andnanotechnologyto create components such as robust silicon Nano pore filters that mimic natural kidney structure for high-efficiency toxin clearance. It also usestissue engineeringto build a miniature bioreactor in which immune-isolated human-derived renal cells perform key functions, such as reabsorption of water and salts.In drug delivery for a leading cause ofblindness, photo-etching fabrication techniques from themicrochipindustry to create thin-film and planar micro devices (dimensions in millionths of meters) with protectivemedicationreservoirs andnanopores(measured in billionths of meters) for insertion in the back of the eye to deliver sustained doses of drug across protective retinalepithelial tissuesover the course of several months.

Related Conferences:

6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research, Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21, 2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine ,Beijing, China,July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track-20 Advanced gene therapy:

Advanced therapiesare different fromconventional medicines, which are made from chemicals or proteins.Gene-therapymedicines:these contain genes that lead to atherapeuticeffect. They work by inserting 'recombinant' genes into cells, usually to treat a variety of diseases, including genetic disorders, cancer or long-term diseases.Somatic-cell therapymedicines:these contain cells or tissues that have been manipulated to change their biological characteristics.Advanced Cell &Gene Therapyprovides guidanceinprocess development, GMP/GTP manufacturing,regulatory affairs, due diligence and strategy, specializing in cell therapy,gene therapy, and tissue-engineeredregenerative medicineproducts.

Related Conferences:

9th International Conference onGenomics and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, USA, July 13-14, 2017; 7th International Conference onPlant Genomics, Bangkong,Thailand, July 03-05, 2017; International Conference onIntegrative Medicine & Nutrition, Dubai, UAE, May11-13, 2017; 14th Asia-Pacific Biotech Congress, Beijing,China,April 10-12, 2017; 2nd World Congress on Human Genetics, Chicago, USA, July 24-26, 2017.

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5th International Conference and Exhibition on Cell and ...

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