Top 50 Cryptocurrency Prices, Coin Market Cap, Price …

Top 50 Cryptocurrency Prices, Coin Market Cap, Price Charts And Historical Data | Crypto.com

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Name

Price

24H CHANGE

24H VOLUME

Market cap

7D CHART

$47,147.82

+0.24%

$3,114.41

-0.31%

$2.56

-1.87%

$477.83

-1.50%

$1.00

-0.04%

$1.09

-3.41%

$0.271584

-2.99%

$1.00

+0.03%

$24.89

+0.08%

$81.45

+17.60%

$26.01

-0.32%

$0.999924

-0.02%

$29.24

+7.38%

$610.34

-1.86%

$168.77

-1.12%

$24.62

-3.34%

$47,186.26

-0.13%

$1.39

-3.26%

$56.46

-3.35%

$0.336479

-2.49%

$60.01

-2.22%

$0.116462

-3.26%

$41.74

-3.40%

$71.97

-2.87%

$6.52

-5.08%

$1.00

+0.05%

$0.083309

-1.40%

$302.08

-0.53%

$24.79

+0.51%

$354.52

-3.48%

$4.77

-3.96%

$46.62

+2.29%

$69.57

+0.50%

$0.878119

+0.27%

$18.22

-2.92%

$1.60

-4.90%

$4.51

-2.53%

$0.150546

-0.50%

$46,866.02

-0.74%

$3,649.60

+2.19%

$51.24

-5.10%

$0.988622

-1.93%

$157.12

-1.15%

$3.00

+0.31%

$0.000007

-3.06%

$0.973138

-5.30%

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Top 50 Cryptocurrency Prices, Coin Market Cap, Price ...

Cryptocurrency prices today: Bitcoin below $48,000, ether, dogecoin fall. Latest rates here – Mint

In cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin prices today plunged as the world's largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization was trading at 47,252.7, down over 3%. The most popular virtual token broke above $50,000 level earlier this week for the first time since mid-May. Bitcoin is up 63% this year (year-to-date), though, far away from its record just below $65,000 in April.

As per CoinDesk, Ether, the coin linked to ethereum blockchain and the second largest crypto, plunged to $3,129.7, trading with cuts of nearly 3%. Dogecoin, on the other hand, declined 6% to $0.27. Other digital coins like Stellar, Uniswap, XRP, Litecoin, Cardano also plummeted over the past 24 hours.

Meanwhile, cryptocurrency funds saw their first inflows in seven weeks as investors poured money into altcoins such as ether, cardano, and Solana last week, according to a report by digital-asset manager CoinShares.

Digital asset funds saw net inflows of $21 million last week. However, during the six-week period, the longest losing streak since January 2018, digital asset investment products saw total redemption of $115 million.

However, bitcoin saw its seventh straight week of outflows, as investors took out $2.8 million from funds based on the worlds biggest cryptocurrency during last week. Ether saw minor inflows totalling $3.2 million last week along with other altcoins such as cardano, litecoin and polkadot, which saw inflows of $6.4 million, $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Before the rebound over the past few weeks, the crypto sector had been weighed down by a crackdown in China and worries over the environmental impact of the energy needed to create coins and process transactions. Later, supportive comments from billionaire Elon Musk and Ark Investment Management LLCs Cathie Wood had helped the Bitcoin rally.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Cryptocurrency prices today: Bitcoin below $48,000, ether, dogecoin fall. Latest rates here - Mint

This 33-year-old investor became a ‘dogecoin millionaire’ this yearhere’s why Cardano is the next crypto he plans to go ‘all in on’ – CNBC

In February, Glauber Contessoto, 33, invested all of his savings in dogecoin, a meme-inspired cryptocurrency that surged in value this year. And about two months later, in April, he says hebecame a dogecoin millionaireon paper.

Now, Contessoto plans to go "all in" on another cryptocurrency, he tells CNBC Make It. His next choice is the Cardano blockchain and its altcoin ADA, which launched in2017 and recently became the third-largest cryptocurrency by market value, behind bitcoin and ether.

Although he has no plans to sell his dogecoin, "I'm going to start buying up as much Cardano as humanely possible with every bit of money I start making from now on," he says.

Contessoto plans to wait until there is a dip in the price of ADA to begin investing, he says, just as he did with dogecoin.

However, many financial experts would advise against going all in on one investment, especially within the crypto space. Cryptocurrency can be a very risky investment in general, and experts say altcoins can be even more so.

"Risk can be measured in a variety of different ways," Meltem Demirors, CoinShares chief strategy officer, previously told CNBC Make It. But "many of these assets are much more risky than bitcoin and ethereum."

It's possible to lose your entire investment regardless of how careful you are.

Nonetheless, Contessoto is still bullish on both dogecoin and Cardano.

Since Contessoto didn't buy ether, the cryptocurrency native to the Ethereum blockchain, early on, he views Cardano as the "next best bet," he says. Supporters of Cardano, like Contessoto, see it as a competitor to Ethereum since its creator, Charles Hoskinson, is also a co-founder of Ethereum.

However, critics of Cardano say it has a long way to go before measuring up to Ethereum.

Ethereum is known for itssmart contractcapabilities, which powerDeFi, or decentralized finance, appsandNFTs, or nonfungible tokens, among other things.

Currently, Ethereum operates on a proof of work, or PoW,model, where miners must compete to solve complex puzzles in order to validate transactions. But soon, Ethereum plans to migrate to a proof of stake, or PoS,model, where people can mine or validate transactions according to how many coins they hold. Supporters of PoS say it uses less energy.

This migration is part of a much-anticipated upgrade to Ethereum that its developers say will improve the blockchain and its efficiency significantly overall.

However, Cardano already operates on a PoSmodel. Because of this, the Cardano community sees the blockchain as a more environmentally friendly alternative to Ethereum.

But unlike Ethereum, Cardano is still working on its smart contract capabilities, which it plans to release as part of an upgrade later this year.

This is in part why billionaire investor Mark Cuban, for example, thinks that so far, Cardano's use cases fall short. "Are you, personally, able to use [Cardano] for anything? If so, what have you used it for? That's the question I ask about all crypto [before investing]," Cuban tweeted in May. "Do you find yourself using it for anything that you find value in?"

If you're planning to invest, keep in mind that financial experts recommend being very careful when investing in cryptocurrencies overall due to their volatile and speculative nature.

Some expertswarn to be especially cautious when investing in altcoinsin particular, since many of themlack the scarcity and technological developmentthat bitcoin has, for example. Investorscould get burned, and in turn, should only invest what they can afford to lose.

While Contessoto acknowledges that "it's still early on" for Cardano, "I'm going to be the biggest Cardano supporter," he says. "I'm just waiting on a massive dip before buying into it."

As of 10:50 a.m. EST on Thursday, Cardano's ADA is trading at around $2.60, according to CoinMarketCap, and dogecoin is trading at around 27 cents.

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This 33-year-old investor became a 'dogecoin millionaire' this yearhere's why Cardano is the next crypto he plans to go 'all in on' - CNBC

Bitcoin at $50,000: Traders on how to play the space after cryptocurrency briefly reclaims marker – CNBC

Bitcoin fell back below $50,000 on Monday after reclaiming that threshold over the weekend.

The cryptocurrency traded at roughly $49,400 by the afternoon session, still shy of its all-time high above $64,000 set in April.

The space has seen a boost in the past week on increasing adoption. PayPal said Monday it would open its platform in the U.K. to crypto buying and selling, and Coinbase said last week that it would buy $500 million in cryptocurrency on its balance sheet.

Bill Baruch, president of Blue Line Capital, is a bitcoin bull but remains wary of jumping in right here.

"I think it needs to be in your portfolio, but is $50,000 the place to be buying it? I wouldn't chase it," Baruch told CNBC's "Trading Nation" on Monday.

Bitcoin fell below $30,000 during a summer sell-off. Weakness in recent months was largely tied to a regulatory crackdown in China wherein some mining operations were forced to close. Since a June low of $28,600, it has rallied 73%.

In a separate email to CNBC, Baruch said he owns bitcoin but began to trim his holdings once it bounced back to $45,000 roughly the same level as its 200-day moving average and a 50% retracement level measured from its April peak and its June low. He said that level could prove a good entry point if bitcoin falls back to it.

"Again, I think it's a great space to be in, but don't chase it just because you see $50,000 in the headlines. Pick your spots and stick to your game plan," he said.

John Petrides, portfolio manager at Tocqueville Asset Management, said there are more ways to play the bitcoin bounce than just through the asset itself.

"If you put your long-term investment hat on, there are two ways to look at this space one is cryptocurrency the asset class and then the second one is an investment in the blockchain. For our team specifically, from a long-term theme perspective, we think that blockchain has a lot of value to it," Petrides said during the same interview.

He plays the space specifically through the ETHE Grayscale Ethereum Trust, which solely invests in ethereum open source blockchain, and mirrors the value of the ethereum held by the trust. It has risen 105% this year.

"As the world moves to more non-fungible tokens, NFTs, as we see more big players like PayPal and Visa and others start moving and converging in this space, we think that's going to lead to more activity on the blockchain, and ethereum is the largest open source blockchain out there," Petrides said.

Disclosure: Blue Line Capital holds bitcoin. Petrides holds ETHE.

Disclaimer

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Bitcoin at $50,000: Traders on how to play the space after cryptocurrency briefly reclaims marker - CNBC

Cryptocurrency makes the climate crisis worse | TheHill – The Hill

Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin in particular, is always in the news nowadays and is becoming a significant factor in modern financial markets. Unsurprisingly, the subject of regulating cryptocurrency in one form or another has become an important concern. China is alreadyrestrictingits use. Central banks around the world are looking at decentralized cryptocurrencies to assess their potential impact on financial stability, or to even issue their own digital currencies. Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary GenslerGary GenslerCryptocurrency makes the climate crisis worse SEC ups disclosure requirements for Chinese companies seeking US IPOs: report Crypto industry seeks to build momentum after losing Senate fight MORE described crypto trading as theWild Westrecently calling for Congress to create a protection regime for crypto investors. A major impasse for the critical infrastructure bill was the issue of taxing crypto transactions. Others have proposed that stablecoins beregulated like banks.

Unsurprisingly, the crypto industry has developed a formidable lobbying force to ward off further regulation. Regulation is totally antithetical to the very idea of decentralized cryptocurrency.

Yet, little focus has gone to the environmental dangers of cryptocurrency. Yes, Elon MuskElon Reeve MuskHillicon Valley: Tech groups pledge action on cybersecurity Cryptocurrency makes the climate crisis worse The Hill's Morning Report - Presented by Facebook - Biden continues to grapple with Afghanistan chaos MORE attracted the usual hype when he first announced that Tesla would accept Bitcoin and then stated (rather belatedly given thescience) that since he learned of the environmental damage inflicted by cryptocurrencies he would reverse that decision.

Cryptocurrencys impact on the environment is indeed very serious possibly the single most important policy factor against its growth.

Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum in particular, are so damaging to the environment that they threaten to reverse any gains achieved through the transition to electric vehicles and the reduction in fossil fuels use. Much of this consumption and output derives from the energy and processing intensive mining of Bitcoin and proofs of work. Even now the total Bitcoin carbon footprint exceeds the total emission reductions of electric vehicles. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity ConsumptionIndex, Bitcoin already consumesmore energythan the whole of Argentina (pop. 45 million).

Digiconomists Bitcoin Energy Consumption Indexestimates that Bitcoin and Ethereum together consume the same amount of power as Ukraine and Israel, totaling 52 million people. The carbon footprint of asingleBitcoin transactions equates to nearly 2millionVisa transactions, or 135,229 hours of watching YouTube! A single Ethereum transaction consumes the equivalent power used by an average U.S. household over 4.55 days. Furthermore, the energy and carbon footprints of both these and other cryptocurrencies are projected to grow exponentially in volume as speculation, hype and criminality continue to drive volume. Already, total crypto energy consumption is roughly comparable to the carbon emissions produced by the metropolitan area ofLondon, according to The Gaurdian.

Apart from these staggering energy consumption statistics, crypto is alsointensifying competition for chips, for which there is already a global shortage impeding the manufacture of alternative energy devices, including EVs. Crypto has already grown exponentially. Further growth will only broaden its carbon footprint.

Given thedaunting targetsfor carbon reduction that we face in the U.S. and globally, this development should concern everyone. If there were offsetting gains with crypto, one might justify it on a cost-benefit basis, as we do with EVs (which inflict some damage but less overall than combustion engines). Yet, there are no real gains.

There are many classes of crypto adventurers: libertarian idealists who dream of freedom from sovereign monetary control; hardware and software players mining the stuff for reward; traders who derive revenue from crypto transactions; speculators who ride the wild volatility of crypto; crypto wallet raiders; and criminals who exploit the relative degree of anonymity crypto offers as ransomware. Despite grand statements about reducing transaction costs and liberation from fiat money, none of the legitimate players have made a case for crypto contributions to general welfare. Beyond rhetoric they have not even seriously attempted to. Instead, they have relied on the naivete of lawmakers, regulators and journalists.

Well-informed commentators have described crypto as agiant bubble. Yet, regulators continue to display timidity in addressing the subject. While the Biden administration urges the auto industry to transition to 50 percent EVs by 2030, we recklessly allow crypto to escalate at huge current and potential cost to our carbon footprint.

China has at least taken one step in the direction of connecting crypto to climate change concerns: It hasbannedcrypto mining. This activity will only move elsewhere. Legislators and policymakers should inform themselves now and act soon to stop the counterproductive growth of this industry, no matter how potent their lobbying forces have become. If they do not, even as the threat posed by global warming enters code red according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change we will find ourselves in yet another situation where an entrenched industry prevents us from advancing the common good and tackling climate change.

LawrenceG.Baxteris the David T. Zhang professor of the practice of law at Duke University where he also directs the Global Financial Markets Center.

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Cryptocurrency makes the climate crisis worse | TheHill - The Hill

Cryptocurrencys Surge Leaves Global Watchdogs Trying to Catch Up – The Wall Street Journal

The cryptocurrency industry is getting so big and enabling so much risk-taking that governments around the globe are taking notice.

Bitcoin traded above $50,000 Monday; its total value now exceeds $900 billion, more than all but a handful of companies. Digital currencies called stablecoins grease ever more trading and issuance. Giant crypto exchanges in Asia offer 100-to-1 bets, often serving traders in countries where their products arent legal.

After years of relative inattention, regulators and lawmakers are scrambling to catch upbut it wont be easy. They aim to rein in a rebellious industry that has adopted the tech worlds blueprint for aggressively deploying new products to quickly amass userswhile often leaving regulatory compliance as an afterthought.

Some of the largest crypto firms are under increasing pressure. In recent weeks, Binance, the worlds biggest crypto exchange, was barred from or warned about offering certain crypto investments in the U.K., Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan and Hong Kong. It said Friday that all new users would have to provide an identification document and photo of themselves to verify their identity. BitMEX, another large exchange, paid $100 million to settle a U.S. regulatory investigation related to claims of illegally selling derivatives and lackluster anti-money-laundering compliance.

Yet few industry participants expect the crypto world, emboldened by a surge over the past 18 months in the value of and interest in their products, to suddenly change its ways. Regulators are scrutinizing the industry as never before, but so far coordination appears limited and key jurisdictions are pursuing widely divergent approaches.

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Cryptocurrencys Surge Leaves Global Watchdogs Trying to Catch Up - The Wall Street Journal

Cryptocurrencies have a future, may become effective means of payment: Rajan – Mint

Cryptocurrencies have a potential future and even though they have fluctuating values, these digital assets might find a way to become an effective means of payment, Raghuram Rajan, former Reserve Bank of India governor, told the Reuters Global Markets Forum.

The former chief economist for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was more positive on well-regulated stablecoins. At the same time, he called for quick appropriate regulations for stablecoins.

A stablecoin is a digital currency that is linked to an underlying asset, such as a national currency like the US dollar or a precious metal like gold.

According to the Reuters report, Rajan was, however, not clear on the fundamentals that were driving the valuations of cryptocurrencies.

Right now, in this heady environment with asset prices really picking up, many cryptos are also being valued not so much as a means of payments but as assets in their own right," Rajan, who is professor of finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, told Reuters.

Even in India, crypto currency exchanges are urging the government to define cryptocurrencies as digital assets and not as currency. As per industry experts, this would help the government address all its legitimate concerns with regards to financial risks associated with crypto.

Meanwhile, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that the legislation on cryptocurrencies is awaiting Cabinet approval.

Rajan in his interaction with Reuters opined that some cryptocurrencies might find a way to become an effective means of payment despite their fluctuating values.

Cross border payments are one area which is wide open, because of the huge transaction costs of making cross border payments," he said.

In India, growth-wise, the crypto industry has grown from four-five million people in 2018 to 15-20 million investors now with more than $1.5 billion invested. This has in part been driven by the superlative returns given by cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, ether and dogecoin over the past three years.

Rajan believes that for cryptocurrency prices to keep on rising, these digital assets will need to find a proper use case.

I think the value of cryptos has to be seen more in terms of are they going to be useful in the system going forward. Yes, some of them have value because they have value, and maybe that will persist. I'm not going to say that bitcoin is going to implode tomorrow. But I will say that I would be much more confident about the value of these cryptos once they find proper use cases, and the technology is evolving to make that happen," he said.

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Cryptocurrencies have a future, may become effective means of payment: Rajan - Mint

Explained: What is coin burning in the cryptocurrency universe? – Economic Times

After the London Hard Fork update, the burning of Ethereum tokens had become the talk of the town among crypto lovers. Here is a look at what it means to burn a coin.

What is coin burning?It is the act of sending cryptocurrency tokens to a wallet that has no access key. Without the private key, these tokens cannot be accessed by anyone and are lost forever.

Recently, Vitalik Buterin, the co-founder of Ethereum, burned more than 90 per cent of his Shiba Inu tokens. After the London Hard Fork update, close to $0.5 million worth of Ethereum is being burned every hour.

Which coins can be burned?All cryptocurrency coins can be burnt. The decision to burn tokens is usually vested in the developer team of the coin. Sometimes, coin burns can be initiated by the core community also.

How is a coin burnt?The portion of the coins that is being burnt can be verified on the blockchain. These coins are sent to a wallet to which no one has access. "It can be done in several ways, most commonly by sending the coins to a so-called eater address. Its current balance is publicly visible on the blockchain, but access to the contents is unavailable to anyone," said Bathija.

What is the need to burn a coin?There are different reasons to burn cryptocurrency coins. It is known to directly incentivise and reward a projects investor base. Coin burns directly affect the dynamics of supply and demand. The most notable objective is to create a deflationary effect. By reducing the overall number of tokens in circulation, these events make tokens scarce and boost the cryptocurrencys valuation.

"It drives the coin price higher. It makes existing investors pretty happy as the value of their investments move northwards," added Patel of Mudrex. "Miners of certain cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin also become happy as the value of reward for their labour would have now increased."

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Explained: What is coin burning in the cryptocurrency universe? - Economic Times

Bitcoin vs Ether: Which cryptocurrency has an edge? – Economic Times

New Delhi: Ethereum's latest London Hard Fork update has led to a sharp rally in the second largest cryptocurrency. This had given a left behind feeling to investors of Bitcoin. But now Bitcoin is flexing its muscles again.

The price of the numero uno digital token by market cap has once again hit the $50,000 mark, delivering more than 70 per cent returns from its recent lows of $29,000. Ethereum has risen about 80 per cent to $3,300 from $1,850.

This strong tussle between the two has again started off a debate among investors over which one is more valuable. Despite a sharp rise in altcoins, the fancy over crypto behemoths has not fizzled out completely.

Siddharth Menon, COO of WazirX, said Ethereum may outperform Bitcoin in returns but not in market cap. "Bitcoin will still hold the largest share and will remain dominant," he added.

Ethereum is now getting a scarcity premium as the London Hard Fork update has led to deflation. On the contrary, the oldest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, has limited supply; not more than 21 million Bitcoins can be mined.

Menon of Wazir X did not give any personal advice.

Supply shock has been aiding the upward movement in Bitcoin historically, and that may now push Ethereum prices higher. However, analysts can not pick one over the other, thanks to strong fundamentals, well-defined useage and outperformance over the years. They are bullish on both the tokens. "This is a positive market recovery and also crypto market cap has broken $2.1 trillion. This should show a positive signal to the rest of the market," he added.

Nair of CoinSwitch Kuber said: While Bitcoin has been in the game longer and has gained widespread recognition, Ethereum offers more opportunities to grow over time. Both have different use cases.

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Bitcoin vs Ether: Which cryptocurrency has an edge? - Economic Times

Online Censorship in the States | American Civil Liberties …

In a sweeping victory for free speech rights in cyberspace, the Supreme Court struck down the Communications Decency Act inReno v. ACLUin June 1997. The Court granted the highest level of First Amendment protection to the Internet, and cyber-activists are still dancing in the streets.

But is cyberspace really safe from the censors?

Despite the Supreme Court's ruling, states are busy crafting censorship laws at home. At least thirteen states have passed legislationsince 1995. This year, New Mexico has already passed a draconian censorship law, and bills are pending in 10 other states.

Our state lawmakers need to understand the Internet -- not gag it.

This year the ACLU is fighting bills in the following states:

CaliforniaAssembly Bill 1793, sponsor Assembly Member Runner. Requires all public libraries that receive state funds to adopt a policy to prohibit minors from accessing harmful matter on Internet terminals at the library.

IllinoisAssembly Bill 2568, sponsor Assembly Member Novak. Makes it a felony to disclose on "an adult obscenity or child pornography site the name, address, telephone number, or e-mail address of a person under 18."

KansasSenate Bill 670, sponsor Senator Huelskamp. Requires the mandatory use of blocking software by all users on Internet terminals at state-funded public libraries, school districts, and state and local educational institutions, colleges and universities.

KentuckySenate Bill 230, sponsor Senator Karem. Requires the mandatory use of blocking software on Internet terminals at public schools.

MissouriSenate Bill 850, sponsor Senator Kenney. Requires the mandatory use of blocking software by all users on Internet terminals at public libraries.

New YorkAssembly Bill 5395, sponsor Assembly Member Mazzarelli. Criminalizes engaging in sexually explicit conversation with minors over the Internet.

Assembly Bill 6453, sponsor Assembly Member Klein. Requires all public libraries to establish a policy to restrict minors' Internet access to obscene materials.

OhioHouse Bill 565, sponsor Rep. Terwilleger. Criminalizes the dissemination of material on the Internet that is "harmful to minors."

Rhode IslandSenate Bill 2864, sponsor Senator Cicillino. Makes it a felony to transmit by computer "any notice, statement, advertisement, or minor's name, telephone number, [or] place of residence . . . for the purpose of engaging, facilitating, encouraging, offering, or soliciting unlawful sexual conduct and/or any felony or misdemeanor."

TennesseeHouse Bill 3353, sponsor Rep. Burchett. Requires the mandatory use of blocking software by all users on Internet terminals at public schools and libraries. Holds Internet service providers strictly liable for the dissemination of "obscene material, child pornography, or pornographic materials harmful to youth."

VirginiaHouse Bill 348, sponsor Rep. Marshall. Requires the mandatory use of blocking software by all users on Internet terminals at state-funded libraries. Imposes criminal penalties for communicating online material at libraries that is "harmful to minors."

California Assembly Bill 132, enacted 7/97.Sponsor: Rep. Bladwin.Requires schools to adopt an Internet access policy regarding student access to sites with material that is harmful to minors.

Connecticut House Bill 6883, enacted 6/95.Sponsor: House Committe on Judiciary.Creates criminal liability for sending an online message "with intent to harass, annoy or alarm another person."

Florida Senate Bill 156, enacted 5/96.Sponsor: Sen. Burt.Amends existing child porn law to hold owners or operators of computer online services explicitly liable for permitting subscribers to violate the law.

Georgia House Bill 1630, enacted 4/96.Sponsor: Rep. Don Parsons.Criminalized the use of pseudonyms on the Net, and prohibits unauthorized links to web site with trade names or logos. Overturned, in ACLU v. Miller

House Bill 76, enacted 3/95.Sponsor: Rep. Wall.Prohibits online transmission of fighting words, obscene or vulgar speech to minors, and information related to terrorist acts and certain dangerous weapons.

Kansas House Bill 2223, enacted 5/95. Expands child pornography statute to include computer-generated images.

MinnesotaHouse Bill 575/Senate Bill 585, enacted 7/97 (as part of the compromise education bill). Directs the Commissioner of Education to recommend computer software products to schools in order to block Intgernet access to speech that is indecnet or intended to promote violence.

Montana House Bill 0161, enacted 3/95. Expands child pornography statute to prohibit transmission by computer and posession of computer-generatged child pornographic images.

New MexicoSenate Bill 127, enacted 3/98. Criminalizes the transmission of communications that depict "nudity, sexual intercourse or any other sexual conduct." The ACLU has vowed to file a legal challenge to the law before it becomes effective on 7/1/98.

NevadaSenate Bill 13, enacted 7/97. Creates an action for civil damages against persons who transmit unsolicited advertising over the Internet.

New YorkSenate Bill 210E, passed 7/96.Sponsor: Sen. Sears; Rep. DeStito.Criminalized the transmission of "indecent" materials to minors. Overturned, inALA v. Pataki

OklahomaHouse Bill 1048, enacted 4/95.Sponsor: Rep. Perry.Prohibits online transmission of material deemed "harmful to minors."

House Concurrent Resolution 1097, passed 5/96.Sponsor: Rep. PaulkDirects all state agencies, including educational institutions, to remove all illegal obscene materials from their computer systems.

VirginiaHouse Bill 7, enacted 3/96.Sponsor: Rep. Marshall.Prohibits any government employee from using state-owned computer systems to send or access sexually explicit material. Overturned, inUrofsky v. Allen

Senate Bill 1067, enacted 5/95.Sponsor: Sen. CalhounExpands existing statute to criminalize electronic transmissions of child pornography.

Like the CDA, these state bills raise serious free speech concerns. They all overlook the unique nature of the online medium, and many censor speech that is protected by the Constitution for adults and older minors.

Laws that try to keep adult materials away from minors end up reducing all online content to that which is suitable for children -- the Supreme Court delclared this outcome unconstitutional inReno v. ACLU. Similarly, the use of blocking software at libraries prevents both adults and teenagers from getting access to valuable speech like sex education materials, abuse recovery discussions, and speech about lesbian and gay issues.

The draconian effect of state censorship bills doesn't stop at state borders. A message you post to the Internet today in New York City could travel the fifty states and the globe by tomorrow. You'd better be careful that the message isn't "indecent" in Oklahoma, "annoying" in Connecticut, or "vulgar" in Georgia.

These state laws pose a cumulative threat to online speech that may be even more powerful than the CDA, because every online user must comply with every state law -- or risk prosecution if their speech is accessed in a state that makes it illegal.

In addition to violating the First Amendment, many of these state censorship laws violate the Constitution's Commerce Clause because they criminalize online conversations that occur entirely outside the state's borders and burden interstate commerce. Earlier in this century, the Supreme Court struck down burdensome state laws that regulated the length of railway trains.

As the court recognized when striking down the NY censorship law inALA v. Pataki, the Internet is much like the railroad system, because it is used to transport speech and information all over the country. The New York law, like similar state laws, violated the Commerce Clause because it would have required a Texan who posts a web page or message to abide by New York standards, even if no one from New York ever saw the page or read the post.

The court inALA v. Patakiheld that internet users must be protected from "inconsistent legislation that, taken to its most extreme, could paralyze development of the Internet altogether."

The ACLU's nationwide network of local affiliate offices is ready and willing to counter state attacks on your right to speak freely online.

ALA v. Pataki: In a precedent-setting opinion, the court struck down a New York State online "indecency" law because it violated the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which prohibits states from regulating speech wholly outside their own borders and from imposing inconsistent state burdens on speakers.

ACLU v. Miller: This case struck down on free speech grounds a Georgia state law that made it a crime 1) to communicate anonymously or using a pseudonym on the Internet; 2) to create links to Web sites that use tradenames, trademarks, or logos.

Urofsky v. Allen: This case struck down a Virginia law that forbade state employees -- including university professors -- from using state-owned computers to access or transmit sexually explicit material.

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Online Censorship in the States | American Civil Liberties ...