SD Times Open-Source Project of the Week: Appsmith – SDTimes.com

Appsmith, the open-source project that helps developers build internal tools, announced that it received $10.5 million in funding plus new real-time commenting and Git-sync features.

The new real-time comment feature enables users to communicate directly, provide feedback, and collaborate while working on internal tools.

Also, the Git-sync feature, currently in testing with beta users, gives developers the option to check their software into version control, commit their changes, create new branches to test or review changes in isolation and finally merge those changes to be deployed to their teams.

Building software is only one part of the equation when it comes to agile teams; adoption and improvement of the software is equally important, said Abhishek Nayak, co-founder and CEO of Appsmith. Agile teams enable shorter feedback loops so that the software meets the user requirements and is easily adopted within the team. Agile teams are also able to involve the entire team in the software-building process and leverage individual skill sets to their potential. Teams need to review code changes, test those and gather early feedback before the internal tools go live.

The company was founded in mid-2019 and its open source software has been downloaded over 5 million times with users at over 1,000 enterprises in 100-plus countries.

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Google releases Private Compute Services as an updatable app in the Play Store – 9to5Google

Google announced the Private Compute Core at I/O in May as an effective rebrand of Device Personalization Services, now called Android System Intelligence. That was followed by Private Compute Services last month, with that component now available as an app on the Play Store.

The Private Compute Core is where features like Live Caption, Now Playing, and Smart Reply operate in a network isolated manner from the rest of Android and apps. This is important for sensitive always-listening audio and language processing, as well as notification-reading capabilities.

Android ensures that the sensitive data processed in the Private Compute Core is not shared to any apps without you taking an action. For instance, until you tap a Smart Reply, the OS keeps your reply hidden from both your keyboard and the app youre typing into.

Private Compute Services in September was announced as a way for those privacy-preserving Android features to use the cloud without compromising your privacy. That could entail downloading new ML and speech-recognition models, as well as the latest song catalogs. With PCS, those cloud updates can occur in a similarly private manner.

Google today released an update to Private Compute Services and started surfacing it in the Play Store with a new green icon that somewhat compliments the one for Android System Intelligence. It jumps from version 1.0.3x to 1.0.4x and is appearing first for Pixel devices on Android 12.

Android prevents any feature inside the Private Compute Core from having direct access to the network; but machine learning features often improve by updating models. Private Compute Services helps features get these updates over a private path. Features communicate over open-source APIs to Private Compute Services, which removes identifying information and uses a set of privacy technologies, including Federated Learning, Federated Analytics, and Private information retrieval, to preserve privacy.

Screenshots in the listing provide a high-level overview, and mention how you can check when your phone connects to the network, and review how it keeps your info private, and why. A timeline view is implied by the graphic below, but such a capability does not appear to be live today in system Settings after updating.

Moving forward, Google plans to publish the source code for Private Compute Services to allow for external audits.

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LF Edge Welcomes New Premier Members F5, VMware as it matures into a Framework for Real-World Edge, Telco, and IoT Solutions – PRNewswire

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 11, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --LF Edge, an umbrella organization within the Linux Foundation that creates an open, interoperable framework for edge computing independent of hardware, silicon, cloud, or operating system, today announced the project's maturity as a deployable framework with expanded open source solutions to meet real-world demands. Industry leaders F5 and VMware have joined the community as Premier members as LF Edge maturation includes new projects, general members, project releases and blueprints that enable deployable solutions.

"Growth within the LF Edge community continues to accelerate, and we are thrilled to welcome even more industry-leading organizations to the community," said Arpit Joshipura, General Manager, Networking, Edge, and IoT, the Linux Foundation. "This is in line with industry trends as more and more organizations across verticals realize the power of open source at the edge. Our diverse set of new projects and new members works in tandem with the broader LF Edge community to enable real-world edge, IoT, IIoT, and telco solutions. "

New MembersTwo new Premier members have joined LF Edge (F5 and VMWare), along with four General members (mimik, Platform 9, Teal Communications, Veea, Inc.), and one Associate Member (Eclipse Foundation).

F5is a multi-cloud application security and delivery company that enables its customerswhich include the world's largest enterprises, financial institutions, service providers, and governmentsto bring extraordinary digital experiences to life.

"F5 is excited to join the Linux Foundation Edge Board and we look forward to collaborating on an open, interoperable framework that enables industries and individuals to innovate at the edge," said Geng Lin, executive vice president and CTO at F5. "Our participation will help accelerate the delivery of an Edge 2.0 platform, a security-first, app-driven approach with unlimited scale that will empower every business to unlock the full potential of the emerging edge."

VMwareis a leading provider of multi-cloud services for all apps, enabling digital innovation with enterprise control. As a trusted foundation to accelerate innovation, VMware software gives businesses the flexibility and choice they need to build the future.

Kaniz Mahdi, vice president of distributed edge, VMware, said, "VMware is helping leading service providers around the world modernize their networks to deliver and monetize next-generation applications. We are working side-by-side with customers and partners to unravel the complexities that come with delivering these apps across a distributed edge. As such, we are excited to join the LF Edge, an organization focused on building an open framework to support edge-native workloads. With virtualization in our DNA and a deep-rooted footprint in the cloud, VMware is uniquely positioned to contribute to this important ambition."

Bringing an even more diverse perspective to the LF Edge community, new general and Associate members include:

New ProjectseKuiperand Project Alvarium have joined the growing LF Edge project portfolio while Edge Gallery joins the Linux Foundation. Covering IoT analytics and trust fabrics respectively, eKuiper and Project Alvarium join the nine existing LF Edge projects: (Stage 3) Akraino and EdgeX Foundry; (Stage 2) Project EVE, Fledge, Home Edge, Open Horizon, and State of the Edge; and (Stage 1) Beatyl and Secure Device Onboard (SDO).

Edge Gallery joins the Linux Foundation and will work closely with LF Edge projects. More information about the new projects:

"We're excited to welcome Project Alvarium, eKuiper and Edge Gallery to the Linux Foundation project family," said Jason Shepherd, Board Chair, LF Edge and VP Ecosystem, ZEDEDA. "We look forward to continuing to collaborate across our project portfolio to make edge solutions more accessible, scalable and secure, in addition to enabling entirely new business models."

Commercial-Ready Project Solutions

Bringing deployable edge blueprints that are globally adopted into commercial solutions and use cases, Akraino delivers fully functional edge solutions across industry sectors and disciplines. Akraino issued its fifth release (Akraino R5) with three new additional blueprints to address use cases such as smart cities, cloud native multi-tenant, and topology prediction for vehicular networks at the edge. R5 also includes updates to many of its existing 30+ blueprints. Learn more about Akraino R5 here.

EdgeX Foundry, which focuses on edge and IoT solutions, recently issued the most modern, secure, and production-ready open source IoT framework. It's second major release, "EdgeX Ireland" or "EdgeX 2.0, it overhauls API sets, removes technical debt, provides more message-based communications, and simplifies and secures interface for adopters and developers, making the platform significantly easier to use and more reliable. The community is currently working on its next release, "EdgeX Jakarta" or "EdgeX 2.1", expected to be the first EdgeX release to include LTS (long-term support). More details on EdgeX Ireland are available here.

Home Edgewill soon issue its next release, "Dewberries." Dewberries continues to build a solid foundation for Home Edge to grow, with updates to code stabilization, scripting, APIs, data synchronization, and security, among others. Stay tuned for more details on Home Edge Dewberries.

Project EVEhas recently launched a developer program that enables developers to explore EVE-OS as a highly flexible and secure foundation for their edge solutions. This enables them to build deep security and orchestration functionality into their solutions from the start. Learn more about the program through the project Wiki.

Community Support for LF Edge

Dell Technologies"Data generated at the edge has the power to help businesses make game changing decisions that deliver immediate and essential value, but organizations have to be able to trust their data is accurate," said Steve Todd, Dell Technologies Fellow. "As the edge expands everywhere from retail stores and manufacturing floors to smart cities and homes we believe edge solutions must include the ability to measure data confidence. That's why we're donating our Data Confidence Fabric code to Project Alvarium, so any business can trust and have confidence in their edge data."

IOTA Foundation"We welcome Project Alvarium's extension and integration into the LF Edge portfolio," said Dominik Schiener, Co-Founder and Chairman of the IOTA Foundation. "The great leaps forward in edge computing constantly push the boundaries of scalability, transaction speed, and security. We are excited to continue leveraging IOTA's technology for the machine economy applications of tomorrow, together with the LF Edge family."

mimik"mimik looks forward to collaborating with the innovative ecosystem that comprises the LF Edge. The LF Edge's community-driven philosophy underpins mimik's own core values in today's increasingly hyperconnected world, which presents opportunities to a group of like-minded individuals and partners to collectively contribute to innovation at the edge. The result is a much larger proposition for the entire community to thrive together than one company winning it all. The opportunities afforded by LF Edge will naturally complement mimik's eagerness to expand our varied groups of partners and customers that range from large brands to startups. Already, we have started to contribute our learnings and technology while learning from other community members in the ecosystem. mimik strives to edgeifi the world with the LF Edge community of partners," said Fay Arjomandi, founder and CEO of mimik and 2020 winner of Edge Woman of the Year.

Open Horizon Project

"mimik provides a platform-neutral solution for serverless execution at the edge. Open Horizon provides a solution for application and machine learning deployment and lifecycle management. Together, Open Horizon and Mimik provide automated management of serverless applications at scale," said Joe Pearson, Technical Steering Committee chair, LF Edge and Open Horizon. "What makes mimik's solution so special is that their micro-services are based on WASM+WASI, which creates language-agnostic, portable, secure, small, and fast serverless functions. Not only are they containerizable and Docker-compatible, they can run up to 10,000 times faster than micro-services based on interpreted languages like Python and NodeJS, at speeds approaching compiled C++."

Teal Communications"Our mission to democratize IoT network access through a dynamic provisioning layer synergizes very well with the LF Edge mission to create an ecosystem built around open standards for edge applications. We couldn't be more excited to join in and contribute to these projects!" - Robert Hamblet, CEO of Teal Communications

Veea, Inc. "We are thrilled to join the LF Edge community and are eager to be a part of the future of open source at the edge," said Allen Salmasi, CEO, Veea, Inc. "The combined capabilities of a properly designed hybrid edge-cloud solution integrated with disaggregated elements of 5G network can provide for a distributed Hyper-Converged Infrastructure ("HCI") that will drive the next revolution in computing and connectivity. We look forward to collaborating with the broader LF Edge community to help make edge computing more secure, simpler to adopt, deploy, use and maintain."

About the Linux Foundation

Founded in 2000, the Linux Foundation is supported by more than 2,000 members and is the world's leading home for collaboration on open source software, open standards, open data, and open hardware. Linux Foundation's projects are critical to the world's infrastructure including Linux, Kubernetes, Node.js, and more. The Linux Foundation's methodology focuses on leveraging best practices and addressing the needs of contributors, users and solution providers to create sustainable models for open collaboration. For more information, please visit linuxfoundation.org.

Media ContactJill Lovato[emailprotected]The Linux Foundation

SOURCE LF Edge

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LF Edge Welcomes New Premier Members F5, VMware as it matures into a Framework for Real-World Edge, Telco, and IoT Solutions - PRNewswire

One currency to rule them all: Facebooks Diem has global ambitions – Cointelegraph

The year 2021 seems to be a big year for the blockchain world as several projects, such as nonfungible tokens (NFTs) and centralized decentralized finance exchanges (CeDeFis), are taking the central stage. Also at the forefront is Facebooks Libra.

Not too long ago, the media was rife with the news that the worlds largest social media network was developing plans for a global digital currency. Then, after a while, it looked like Facebook shelved plans for it. Disputes with regulators around the globe had a hand in delaying and redirecting Facebooks plans a bit. Instead of backing out, Facebook decided to strategize and launch a "different" global digital currency later in 2021, after rebranding the project to Diem.

Related: New name, old problems? Libras rebrand to Diem still faces challenges

It is different in the sense that they had a change of name and administration. However, the Libra Association, later renamed to Diem Association in December 2020, will manage the project.

Facebook Diem is a soon-to-be-launched permissionless payment system based on blockchain technology. The system will have a stablecoin called Diem and run on its blockchain network.

Although Facebook proposed the project, Diem Association will oversee the entire operation of the project for transparency's sake. The Diem Association is a body of companies from different sectors of the economy, including technology, fintech, telecoms, venture capital and nonprofits.

The initial coin, Libra, was not decentralized, and neither is Diem. While the goal is to be permissionless, the current plan is for Diem to run on a permissioned blockchain. Consequently, only members of the Diem Association can run transactions on it.

However, it is so because the development team has not yet developed a robust solution that can handle permissionless transactions for its billions of potential users. Enthusiasts are hopeful this will change as soon as the project develops in the pipeline.

In the long run, the ultimate objective of Diem is to help the world to gain access to financial services easier and faster. The United States dollar, the euro, the British pound, and other major fiat currencies will back up the Diem Project. If the project gets approval from the U.S. regulators, Diem will function as a full-scale central bank that runs on blockchain technology. As you probably know, this is nothing like Bitcoin (BTC) and others.

Related: The metaverse: Mark Zuckerberg's Brave New World

Facebooks new global digital currency has its sights set on revolutionizing the global payment system. As such, the Facebook Diem project comes with three unique parts that work in sync to create an inclusive and safe financial system. They include:

One component of the new Facebook Diem cryptocurrency is a blockchain infrastructure with scalability and trustworthy security that serves as the technological foundation of the payment system.

Diem's source code is open-source on Github. The source code, written in Rust, can be accessed by all and sundry.

It affords scalability and would help the infrastructure to host several projects. Diem is also developing a new programming language called Move for building smart contracts and executing custom transactions.

While its pretty easy to build a digital wallet after undergoing renowned practical classes, Novi is a sophisticated wallet that requires all the time and attention you can afford. One of Facebooks numerous companies, Novi Financial, is developing the digital wallet for the Diem Project. The wallet was called Calibra up until late 2020.

Novi is a standalone app that we expect to support integration into WhatsApp, Messenger, Instagram, and probably several other platforms. Its ease of use is already mind-blowing.

Related: Novi-FT? Facebooks NFT support may not drive crypto adoption

The Diem coin is one crucial component of Facebooks new global digital currency project. It has a solid backing of the Diem reserves, which includes cash assets or cash equivalents.

There are also short-term government securities. As such, Diem is a stablecoin. According to the development team, the coin will not be minable as it is with Bitcoin and a host of others. In its initial stages, only Diem Association members can process transactions. However, Diem plans to fully transition into a permissionless proof-of-stake system within the first five years of its launch.

As with other reputable cryptocurrencies, some tenets act as guiding principles for Facebook Diems function and design. So here are some key values firing its unique design as all hands are on deck for its launch later in 2021:

There are tons of opportunities that a cryptocurrency backed by a company with the might and reach of Facebook can offer users across the globe. In addition to that, the unique opportunities that it offers make Facebook Diem a great creation in this crypto age. Here are some ways that Facebook will be using Diem soon:

Users should expect remittances and money transfers to be easier and stressless. In addition to ease, the project assures a fast transaction speed and less expensive charges than those of financial intermediaries.

The long processes involved in sending money, especially across borders, via traditional financial intermediaries could well be a thing of the past.

One of Facebooks focuses is on creating better economic opportunities and effective global e-commerce. It becomes an even easier achievable use case when you consider that the Diem Association has billions of users and Facebook has at least three billion global users.

Being one of the Diem Association members, Shopify will ensure that the e-commerce site owners can easily integrate the coin. Every member company that runs B2C services will implement the Diem system on their platform that is unmatchable ease in every sense of the word.

Diem can help to bring down the cost of sending funds cross-border, which is already high enough at 6.5%. Being a cryptocurrency with adequate payment systems in place means that Facebook Diem is almost entirely digital.

Transactions will be pre-programmed into its database. Expect operating costs are to be significantly less than those incurred through traditional remittance channels. The result will be a lower cost of use and a higher market share on the part of cryptocurrency users.

Governance is one of the crucial use cases of the Diem cryptocurrency, and it stems from Diems governance structure. Compromising the functionalities and features of Diem is impossible. In turn, this ensures that the project can help to serve as the model monetary alternative for the passage of financial flow in governance.

Whats more? Government agency transactions for various public welfare tasks, in addition to a detailed overview of grants and expenses in the public domain, will guarantee benefits for the public.

Besides, since Facebook does not have sole control over Diem, it is not possible to misrepresent the use of Diem against the public interest.

Here is how Facebook Diem differs from Facebook Connect.Facebook launched Facebook Connect in May 2008 as the next iteration of the Facebook platform. It allows users to connect their Facebook friends, identity and privacy to sites on the internet.On the other hand, Facebook Diem is a permissioned and blockchain-based system of payment that includes a private cryptocurrency.

The announcement of the launch of Facebooks Libra generated various debates. Some believed it would rival sovereign currency while others looked at the technological and data privacy issues it posed. To be more specific, those who believed it would replace sovereign currencies may have gotten it wrong for several obvious reasons while those who considered the project in light of Facebook's data violation history and monopolistic nature could be right.

First, the Libra currency is said to be backed 1:1 with traditional currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, the euro, the yen, etc. Saying that Libra, the supposed secondary currency, will be an alternative to its base currency is incorrect. It raises the question of how a secondary currency relying on a primary currency for value will replace it. That being said, the possible threat is that it could manipulate users' data.

For instance, Hyun Song Shin, economic adviser and head of research at BIS, acknowledged that big techs involvement in digital currencies comes with some potential benefits even though it could reduce competition and create data privacy issues. Shin re-emphasized: The aim should be to respond to big techs entry into financial services to benefit from the gains while limiting the risks. He added:

Today, anyone can build a cryptocurrency payment system from home. However, the defining factor is that reputable organizations with verifiable track records back up Facebooks Diem.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Michael J. Garbade is the co-founder and CEO of Education Ecosystem. He is a serial tech entrepreneur who formerly worked at Amazon, General Electric, Rebate Networks, Photobucket and Unicredit Group. Garbade has experience working in the United States, Europe, Asia and South America.

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One currency to rule them all: Facebooks Diem has global ambitions - Cointelegraph

The First Amendment Right to Cancel – The Wall Street Journal

Oct. 6, 2021 5:39 pm ET

Regarding Ted Ralls op-ed Free Speech Has Consequences, but Should Firing Be One? (Oct. 1): Mr. Rall acknowledges the fundamental difference between public and private employersthe former are subject to First Amendment constraints, the latter are notbut he seems to decry this state of affairs. What he overlooks is that the right of private actors to free speech includes the right to refuse to deal or do business with, or to boycott or cancel, those whose speech is viewed as objectionable.

Should an employer generally be free to fire those who engage in speech of which the employer disapproves? Absolutely. We already have limited that freedom by law in various ways: An employee cannot be fired for speaking out in favor of unionization or in opposing his or her employers discriminatory practices. But suggesting a sweeping First Amendment right for private employees does not enhance the freedom Mr. Rall claims to cherish; it would destroy it.

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The First Amendment Right to Cancel - The Wall Street Journal

Column: Should COVID-19 Kill the First Amendment? – The Herald-Times

Lesley Spatta| Guest columnist

The death rate of the smallpox pandemic in 1903 was 30%. The court in Jacobson vs. Massachusetts ruled in favor of the state of Massachusetts and allowed the local smallpox vaccine mandate to remain. The individuals choosing to forgo the vaccine would be assessed a $5 fine. The equivalent of $5 today is approximately $150. The cost today of not being vaccinated is your job and the entrance to higher education. The cumulative cost of either one of these is far more than $150.

The federal government has never mandated a vaccine nor has this government made Emergency Use Vaccines compulsory. Many journalists are using the Cambridge, Massachusetts, smallpox mandate to claim legal precedence of federal government vaccine mandates. There is no legal precedence for federal vaccine mandates, nor is there a precedence for job termination due to non vaccination.

There was an article on the front page of the Herald-Times recently that outlined the journey of an Ivy Tech nursing student applying for the religious exemption for the COVID-19 vaccine ("'I would give up everything,'" Sept. 15, 2021). Most of the article read like government propaganda for a federal vaccine mandate instead of an article in support of the students First Amendments right. I thought journalists were protected by the First Amendment. Are we in perilous times?

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act protects the free exercise of religion even in times of pandemics. Rep. Charles E. Schumer, a Democrat, from New York sponsored the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. The act prohibits any agency, department, or official of the United States or any state (from the government) from substantially burdening a persons exercise of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability.

The city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, assessed a $5 fine on the unvaccinated. The $5 fine would be considered the least restrictive means of furthering the governments compelling interest. A compelling interest by the government is one that is essential or necessary rather than a matter of choice or preference.

The Jacobson vs. Massachusetts decision was not a federal mandate. Again, the decision gave power to the state of Massachusetts. The fine assessed to Henning Jacobson was only $5. The burden on the unvaccinated was not substantial.

COVID-19 has killed many, but must it kill the First Amendment? Many lives have been lost to protect this freedom. If COVID-19 kills the First Amendment, our country will die with it.

Lesley Spatta is a U.S. history teacher andresident of Spencer, Indiana.

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Column: Should COVID-19 Kill the First Amendment? - The Herald-Times

Our view: Violence chills First Amendment rights to free speech, assembly and petition – Joplin Globe

On Saturday, abortion rights advocates met at the intersection of Seventh Street and Range Line Road in Joplin to exercise several of their First Amendment rights: the right to free speech, the right to peaceably assemble and the right to petition the government.

A group of anti-abortion advocates soon joined them on another corner of the busy intersection, exercising those same rights.

But according to social media and police reports, the rallies turned violent when the two sides clashed, and an individual who was supporting the anti-abortion side was arrested and cited by Joplin police for alleged misdemeanor assault of at least one abortion rights protester.

This violence hopefully was an anomaly. Protests and rallies have always taken place at Seventh and Range Line, one of the most visible intersections in the city, for a variety of causes racial justice, immigration and abortion are just a few examples and rarely, if ever, have they become physically violent.

Violence should be condemned, regardless of what side of the issue you support. It does nothing to advance ones cause and redirects peoples attention away from the issue to the behavior.

Its presence also chills the First Amendment rights that people were exercising in the first place. The threat of violence aims to deter people from protesting, to intimidate them enough that they back off, take down their signs, stop chanting and maybe even cancel future protests.

That behavior isnt protected under the First Amendment.

In the United States, the First Amendment guarantees the freedom to express ones views, to peacefully assemble with others who share those views, and to petition the government for redress of grievances. But these rights are not boundless attempts to intimidate and coerce through threats of violence, stalking and armed paramilitary activity are not constitutionally protected, notes the Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection at the Georgetown University Law Center.

That means, according to the institute, that the First Amendment protects the right to free speech and to associate with others who share similar views, but it doesnt protect violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.

All viewpoints and perspectives should be allowed to be expressed, and violence should not be tolerated.

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Our view: Violence chills First Amendment rights to free speech, assembly and petition - Joplin Globe

Opinion: Misinformation versus the First Amendment ClarkCountyToday.com – clarkcountytoday.com

Nancy ChurchillDangerous Rhetoric

When looking for information on the health crisis, we often see fact checks and accusations of misinformation. But, who decides what information is true or false? Fact checking organizations frequently lie or post misleading information themselves, in order to support an official narrative. Only later does the truth rise to the surface of the public awareness. Truth comes forward due to investigative reporting, public testimony, and a free press.

The Founding Fathers considered freedom of speech to be vital for the proper function of our government and our society. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states (in part) that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press

In 1949, in the case of Terminiello v. Chicago, U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas wrote that the function of free speech is to invite dispute. It may indeed best serve its high purpose when it induces a condition of unrest, creates dissatisfaction with conditions as they are, or even stirs people to anger. (https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/page/first-amendment-timeline). An open public debate serves a higher purpose; through conversation and public discourse, humanity collectively searches for better solutions to our mutual problems.

Its not a new thing for those in authority to want to suppress information that threatens their authority and power. In an article about the development of the printing press (https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/printing-press), we learn that In 1501, Pope Alexander VI promised excommunication for anyone who printed manuscripts without the churchs approval. Twenty years later, books from John Calvin and Martin Luther spread, bringing into reality what Alexander had feared.

Between 1615 and 1633, Galileo was persecuted by the Catholic Church due to his support of Copernican heliocentrism (Earth rotating daily and revolving around the sun). He was tried by the Catholic Church, condemned by the Roman Inquisition and placed on house arrest in 1633 for the remainder of his life. Today, he is known as the father of modern science! Catholic authorities could condemn the man, but the ideas could not be suppressed forever.

Presenting scientific studies that challenge the status quo is not a personal attack on anyone. It is the duty of all people, regardless of their training and background, to be open minded and seriously consider available data. I recently heard in an interview that over 250,000 scientific studies on COVID-19 had been published by the end of September, 2021. At the very least, thats a lot of data to review. There is NO scientific consensus on the effectiveness of the new shots or about their safety.

Concerned Americans fear that our government and our health systems have been captured by the medical-industrial complex, which is earning record profits. We are now facing a future filled with endless booster shots, which apparently will only be effective for a short time. We have legitimate concerns about the safety and efficacy of the experimental treatments. These concerns need to be investigated, not disparaged or swept under the rug.

We also have scientific news from other countries to consider. These countries have seen success using inexpensive alternative therapies that are currently unavailable in our community. If these alternative therapies are not effective, then why are El Salvador and Uttar Pradesh, India, seeing success using Ivermectin? (https://newsrescue.com/the-undeniable-ivermectin-miracle-indias-240m-populated-largest-state-uttar-pradesh-horowitz/) Unlike the mandated shots, Ivermectin has a 60-year track record of doing no harm ( https://covid19criticalcare.com/ivermectin-in-covid-19/ ). Why are these alternate medicines not available in the U.S.? Its a valid question that deserves an honest answer and a congressional investigation or two.

If mask mandates and vaccine passports are vital to control this illness, why are countries like Finland, Norway and Sweden dropping those requirements? (https://fee.org/articles/how-finland-and-norway-proved-sweden-s-approach-to-covid-19-works/) Why are COVID treatments being forced on persons who already have natural immunity from a previous infection? Studies show that natural immunity is more robust than the mandated shots. (https://www.theblaze.com/op-ed/horowitz-15-studies-that-indicate-natural-immunity-from-prior-infection-is-more-robust-than-the-covid-vaccines#toggle-gdpr) Why not reserve those limited experimental treatments for those who really need them?

These legitimate concerns must be addressed persuasively with valid scientific studies and honest public dialogue. Remember, the function of free speech is to invite dispute. As weve been told, science evolves. That evolution needs to continue in the public sphere without censorship. If public debate is being attacked and demeaned, it is to the benefit of some power structure. The question is, which one?

Nancy Churchill is the state committeewoman for the Ferry County Republican Party. She may be reached at DangerousRhetoric@pm.me. The opinions expressed in Dangerous Rhetoric are her own.

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Opinion: Misinformation versus the First Amendment ClarkCountyToday.com - clarkcountytoday.com

Mark Levin on the current ‘assault’ on freedom of speech – Fox News

This is a rush transcript from "Life, Liberty & Levin," October 10, 2021. This copy may not be in its final form and may be updated.

MARK LEVIN, FOX NEWS HOST: Hello, America. I'm Mark Levin, and this is LIFE, LIBERTY & LEVIN.

We have two great guests tonight: Senator Josh Hawley, who is helping to lead the charge against tyranny in this country, and Christopher Rufo with the Manhattan Institute, an expert on critical race theory.

And this program tonight is about liberty -- your liberty. It's about speech -- your speech, your freedom of association. It's about your school districts, it is about your kids in the classroom it is about your neighborhoods and communities -- all of which are under assault by the Biden administration, specifically the Attorney General the United States, Merrick Garland, and his Department of Justice.

Let's begin at the beginning. The First Amendment to the Constitution, which you would think they would understand over there at the Department of Justice, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances."

"To petition the government for a redress of grievances." We are focused on free speech, freedom of association, and the petition the government for a redress of grievances. The First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, the Bill of Rights, is under attack by the Attorney General of the United States, Merrick Garland and his staff.

And now, we've learned it is also under attack by Joe Biden's staff, as well as others at the White House in a coordinated attack to try and silent parents and taxpayers, the citizens of this nation who elect their school boards, who send their children into these classrooms. Why? Well, because they're challenging the poison, the rot, the radical Marxist propaganda that is being taught to your children from kindergarten through 12th grade.

And apparently, that is too much for them to tolerate.

Ladies and gentlemen, this is the memo that will go down in history as one of the most egregious violations of your liberty. It is a memo that is signed by Merrick Garland. It is a memo that has gone to the Criminal Division of the Justice Department, the National Security Division, and the Civil Rights Division, the Executive Office of U.S. Attorneys, the Federal Bureau of Investigation -- as if this is kind of an East German Stasi.

And make no mistake about it, parents in this country, they are going to spy on you, they're going to gather Intelligence on you. They are going to track you and the organizations you belong to, and a special phone number is set up, so a teacher or a bureaucrat, or a union, or whomever thinks if you're threatening or harassing them, they will set loose the F.B.I. to come to your home and to interview you.

Among other things in this memo, loose language, like they're going to look at efforts to intimidate individuals based on their views. They're going to be committing to using their authority and their resources. They have a dedicated line of communication for threat reporting.

Now there's a problem here. The Federal government has absolutely no authority whatsoever in the classroom, in the school district, at board meetings. Period. There is no Federal nexus of any kind whatsoever, and they know it, and I'm going to prove that to you in a minute.

Moreover, the Constitution of the United States, the Supreme Court has ruled that the Nazis can march in Skokie, Illinois, at that time of mostly Jewish community. They had ruled on the Supreme Court that you can burn the American flag as a representation of speech, and on and on and on.

But if you're a parent, and you go to a school board member and you're raising your voice or even hollering, or you have a sign that they think is offensive, or you're warning school board members that you're going to defeat them. Well, apparently that's a threat. That is a lie.

The Department of Justice has gone rogue again. And this is an attack on your liberty, the liberty of the entire country. And of course, the propaganda corrupt media is mostly silent. They walk in lockstep with this administration or any Democrat, for that matter.

There's an organization called America First Legal, and there is a letter that was sent to the Inspector General of the Department of Justice, by Reed Rubinstein, and he is a senior counsel for this group and I want to tell you what they have uncovered.

Listen to part of this letter because this shows how pernicious this has become with the Biden administration, the Democrats, the teachers unions, the bureaucrats in the education establishment, and of course, the Democrats.

Our understanding the facts, they write to the Inspector General, this in part, "In early September, Biden administration stakeholders (that will be the unions, the school boards and so forth) held discussions regarding avenues for potential Federal action against parents with a key Biden Domestic Policy Council official, (who they call Jane Doe #1) and White House staff (who they call John Doe #1). Stakeholders also held discussions with senior Department officials (that's the Department of Justice) including at least one political appointee in the department's Civil Rights Division, (Jane Doe #2)."

"Jane Doe #1 and John Doe #1 and others in the White House separately expressed concern regarding the potential partisan political impact of parent mobilization and organization around school issues in the upcoming midterm elections."

This is about as sleazy and untoward as it gets. "Upon information and belief at the express direction of or with the express consent of Jane Doe #1, Jane Doe #2 and other Biden administration officials developed a plan to use a letter from an outside group, which they said is not the usual suspects."

That would likely be I assume the letter from the National School Boards Association, this outrageous, outrageous letter, " ... as pretext for Federal action to chill, deter, and discourage parents from exercising their constitutional rights and privileges."

So according to this, the Department of Justice at the most senior levels of the Biden administration, and these organizations, including the National School Board Association, colluded, conspired to set up the parents and parent organizations and taxpayers of this country to silence them.

"Upon information and belief in or about mid-September, work began on developing what became the Attorney General's memorandum. Concerns expressed by department staff included (1) The absence of Federal law enforcement nexus and authority." Exactly, there is none.

"And (2) The constitutionally protected nature of parents protest." Absolutely, it is protected.

"However, Jane Doe #2 made it clear, this was a White House priority, and a deliverable would be created."

Next, "On or about September 29, citing legal authorities including the Patriot Act, the National School Boards Association made public a letter demanding Federal action against parents, citing authorities including the Patriot Act, the justification for Federal action included among other things, parents who were posting watch lists against school boards and spreading misinformation that boards are adopting critical race theory curriculum and working to maintain online learning for haphazardly attributing it to COVID-19. It's not clear yet whether and to what extent drafts of this letter were shared with Biden administration officials, including Jane Doe #1 and Jane Doe #2, and whether changes were suggested or made by them prior to the ostensible public release date."

You know, on my radio show, I said I smelled a rat that this letter from the National School Boards Association and the eventual a memorandum from the Attorney General, the overlap was -- could not simply be coincidental. Moreover, the fact that that letter was written on the 29th of September, an action, a memo was put out five days later is way too fast.

"On October 4, the Attorney General's memorandum was made public. The short timeframe between the September 29 letter and the Attorney General's memorandum suggests that either the entire matter was pre-coordinated and the September 29 but pretext, or that the normal clearance process and standard order both within the department," and the other agencies of the Federal government were bypassed or corrupted.

"Now on October 5, (that's the day after the memo went out). There was a follow up call involving among others, the White House Counsel's Office, Jane Doe #2, and many other Biden administration political and career officials. The briefing included how to talk about equity initiatives to avoid liability for violating discrimination laws, and critically to hide equity measures, initiatives, and action from Freedom of Information Act disclosure, (which is a violation of law)."

"The intention, it seems is to evade public scrutiny of these Biden administration activities."

So there you have it, ladies and gentlemen, a letter that's gone to the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the White House senior officials in domestic policy, Biden's staff coordinated with senior officials at the Department of Justice including at the Civil Rights Division to squash, to squelch parents who are protesting, parents who are objecting, parents who are speaking up at board meetings, because the Biden administration fear it would have a negative political impact on the upcoming elections.

So what do they do? They act like a totalitarian Marxist regime. They're going to unleash Federal law enforcement, the Civil Rights Division, the Criminal Division, the F.B.I., the U.S. Attorneys, they're going to unleash in coordination with friendly state law enforcement, friendly local law enforcement. The entire law enforcement apparatus of the United States against parents.

Ladies and gentlemen, these school buildings belong to us. We taxpayers have paid for them. These union members, they are our employees, the school board members, they are our representatives. They act like they are an operation all among themselves. They don't want to be challenged, they don't want to be questioned.

And one more point, the Attorney General of the United States, in addition to all of this has a conflict of interest.

His son-in-law, that is the husband of his daughter, started a company called Panorama. Panorama provides guidance and seminars and information to promote what? Critical race theory, genderism, the whole Marxist agenda -- in our classrooms. And the company is worth millions, and 25 percent of the schools, it is reported in this country are already using the materials from this company.

And so what better way to enhance the millions of dollars earned by your family than to squelch the parents and prevent them from having an impact on what their children are taught.

So the Attorney General of the United States failed to recuse himself. As a matter of fact, he is the point of the spear he signed the memo, one of the most grotesque act of totalitarianism we've seen in this country, quite frankly.

When we come back. We're going to have Senator Josh Hawley. We're going to have Christopher Rufo, and we're going to have a further thorough discussion about all of this.

I'll be right back.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

LEVIN: Welcome back, America. Senator Josh Hawley, last week you had a hearing at the Senate Judiciary Committee and the Deputy Attorney General of the United States was answering questions or was she?

She seemed to be ducking a lot of very significant questions you were asking about the ambiguity of this memo, about the First Amendment, about civil liberties and so forth. What did you make of her?

SEN. JOSH HAWLEY (R-MO): Thanks for having me, Mark. It's great to be with you. I've made -- well, I've heard that she didn't want to answer any questions, that she didn't want to actually take any responsibility for this extraordinary memo from the Justice Department at the direction of Joe Biden.

The idea that they would use the F.B.I. to intervene in school board meetings with the purpose of -- let's be honest -- intimidating and harassing parents, just unprecedented. And I said to her, I said, listen, this isn't about violence. We all know that if somebody threatens violence, the local police will book that person and they'll charge that person and they'll get them out of there.

This is about using Federal law enforcement to try and intimidate parents because these parents are daring to stand up and criticize critical race theory. That's what this is about.

So I said to her, I said, what are the standards? Your memorandum says the F.B.I. is going to investigate intimidation and harassment? Well, according to who? I mean, by what standards? And she wouldn't answer those questions, Mark. She wouldn't give me any definition. She just kept coming back to, well, everybody is against violence. Well, of course, we're against violence.

What we're not against, though, is free expression. What we're not against is the First Amendment. But that's what this administration is doing. They are attacking our basic First Amendment principles, and it is all in an effort to try and shut down moms and dads, parents who are paying their taxes, who have kids in schools, and by the way, who are voters, and they have a right to express their opinion at school board meetings.

This is just unprecedented, and I tell you, I'm going to do everything I can to stop it.

LEVIN: You know, Senator Hawley, this is the same Attorney General when he was testifying at his confirmation, he refused to call the attacks on the Portland Federal Courthouse acts of domestic terrorism because they happened at night and nobody was there. I'm not aware of a pattern of violence in these various school districts, and they haven't presented any, neither the National School Boards Association nor the Attorney General in his memo.

I'm not aware that violence is so out of control that local police are unable to handle this. That is an absolute flat out lie.

Are you aware of any Federal nexus are Federal basis that would allow the United States Department of Justice and its various instrumentalities to go into school boards, to monitor parents, to question parents who dare to get -- become vociferous or provocative?

HAWLEY: None whatsoever, Mark. I mean, I can't imagine what the basis is for having the F.B.I. get involved here. I will say this. I mean, it is interesting that the Biden administration has finally found some form of violence that it doesn't approve of. I mean, as we're seeing violent crime surge across our country, homicides a year on year high, violent attacks are at highs, and the Biden administration has done nothing. They won't lift their finger, but yet, they want to shut down parents from speaking by calling that violence.

I mean, it's just -- it is truly extraordinary, and it is dangerous. And you talked about this earlier, this is a dangerous precedent, to use Federal law enforcement to go after citizens to stop them from speaking about things you don't like.

If this is allowed to stand, I shudder to think what will happen in the future under this administration or any other administration when it comes to trying to silence law-abiding citizens, parents, and taxpayers, who are just speaking their mind.

Can understand by the way, Mark, they've got every right to speak their mind about any topic, but critical race theory, they are right to stand up and say they don't want their kids being taught these lies. They are right to stand up and say they don't want their kids to be indoctrinated. And the idea that you would use the Federal government to shut them down, that's wrong.

LEVIN: And it is very interesting, Senator Hawley, how different groups and different people are treated differently by this administration. They haven't gone full bore against Black Lives Matter, which has, as part of its mission overthrowing the United States government, a Marxist organization, a very violent organization as we saw this summer. They won't even recognize Antifa as an organization. They're not tracking down Antifa and its funding sources and so forth.

I mean, people aren't showing up at the school board meetings with frozen water bottles or umbrellas or Molotov cocktails, or anything of that sort. The effort to characterize all these parents as domestic terrorists -- and that's what they're doing, because there is no other hook -- is really disgusting. It's appalling.

And the lack of media outcry, except on a few outlets is really shocking. Are you not -- I mean, appalled by the fact that the media in this country isn't even standing up for freedom of speech?

HAWLEY: I am appalled, and I'm disturbed by it. And I think, again, the trend is very, very dangerous. And it's just an extraordinary thing, Mark, to see this government, to see Joe Biden go after and try to silence parents, taxpaying parents, by using Federal law enforcement.

Can I just say that you know that you've lost the argument, you know that you are totally out of touch when you're trying to use the arm of the Federal government to tell moms and dads that they don't have the right to speak? And then if they want to get up and question what's going on in their own kids' schools, they might get an F.B.I. agent knocking at their door.

I mean, that is just -- it is extraordinary. And I don't think parents are going to put up put up with it. I know what the intent of this is, that the intent is meant to silence parents. I don't think it's going to have that effect. I think the American people are going to look at this and they're going to say, no way, I've got a right to know what's going on in my kids' school. I've got a right to have an opinion about it. I've got a right to express it and I'm not going to be intimidated.

LEVIN: We'll be right back.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

JILLIAN MELE, FOX NEWS CHANNEL CORRESPONDENT: Hello and welcome to "FOX News Live." I'm Jillian Mele.

The going could be rough for thousands of U.S. air travelers in the coming days. That's because Southwest Airlines has canceled more than a thousand flights blaming bad weather and air traffic control problems. Hundreds of other flights have been delayed, too. As a result, many travelers are stuck at airports with no place to go right now. Other airlines do not appear to be as severely impacted.

In Qatar, the U.S. is weighing its words carefully after its first face-to- face talks with the Taliban since the pullout from Afghanistan. The dialogue focused on security and terrorism concerns, but also on safe passage for American citizens and others from Afghanistan.

The Taliban claims the U.S. has agreed to provide humanitarian aid to Afghanistan.

That's it for now. I'm Jillian Mele, now back to LIFE, LIBERTY & LEVIN. Have a great night.

LEVIN: Senator Josh Hawley, the F.B.I. and the Department of Justice, over the last several years has not exactly conducted itself in exemplary way. As a matter of fact, I would argue it's been thoroughly politicized and lawless. What can a senator do about these sorts of things, particularly when you're in the minority? I mean, you can't even call for hearings and so forth. What can be done?

HAWLEY: Well, I think what we can do is stand up and demand answers, Mark, which is my job. I mean, this is why when we had Justice Department officials up in front of us last week, I took the opportunity to ask about the F.B.I.'s crackdown on these local school boards and to drive for answers.

And I actually had Democrats on the committee say, oh, this isn't the right forum, Senator Hawley. You need to -- you know, this is a hearing about something else. You need to wait.

Well, the answer is that it can't wait. I mean, you've got whatever you have opportunity. You've got to push for answers. You've got to push for accountability. And Republicans need to keep doing that.

You know, speaking of the F.B.I. for a second. We also heard testimony recently that when it comes to those U.S. gymnasts who were abused, you know, they went to the F.B.I. They gave their cases, they gave their details to the F.B.I., and what they testified was, the F.B.I. didn't do anything.

So here you have the F.B.I. not acting on what turned out to be credible allegations of abuse, but now, the Biden administration wants the F.B.I. to go to local school boards? I mean, this is the priority? Not going after crime, but going after parents? I think that speaks to the kind of misplaced priorities.

And you're absolutely right about what we learned in the last administration. What we learned was, officials at the F.B.I. and the Department of Justice falsified evidence to a court in order to get wiretaps on the former President's campaign and campaign officials by lying to a court about it. If that's not corruption, I don't know what is.

LEVIN: It just seems to me that the culture, the media, the Democratic Party surrogates have a very low standard when it comes to morality and ethics and complying with the law. We saw the summer before last, all the violence that was taking place, and that was called mostly peaceful.

You saw Democrat mayors painting BLM in their boulevards and so forth. You saw basketball players and others contributing heavily to Black Lives Matter. The organization was celebrated, the Marxist founders were celebrated. And here, we have parents, and we have taxpayers who are voicing -- and let me say this. The Constitution, Senator, doesn't say you've got to go up there and sound like a host on NPR. It doesn't say to go up there and be monotone throughout.

You're allowed to raise your voice. You're allowed to wave your arms. You're allowed to picket.

You're allowed to protest. You're allowed to bring street signs. You're allowed to be energetic.

You're allowed to do all those things, but you're not allowed to be violent, but that's different. And they provide no evidence, certainly, it's very, very sketchy, no evidence of this widespread violence.

And so, the civil libertarian groups, well, let me ask it to you this way. Any Democrats in the Senate join you when you were raising concerns with the Deputy Attorney General about how these parents were about to be treated?

HAWLEY: No. In fact, what they said at the time was, Mark, they attempted to stop me from asking the questions and, you know, said, oh, this is not a hearing about that. This is, you know, a mocking. This is not the right time or place to ask these questions.

I mean, listen, when you come before the United States Senate, you take an oath. And you've done something like what this administration has done, trying to use the F.B.I. against citizens.

If you come before me, and you're under oath, I'm going to ask you questions. If you come before me, I'm going to ask you tough questions. I'm not going to let you off easy, and I'm not going to be told that, oh, well, I've got to get the Democrats' permission beforehand.

And just to speak a second about the left's double standard. You know, Mark, the left has really gotten weird. I mean, have you noticed this? They're following Kyrsten Sinema in the bathrooms. They're breaking the law by following people around and shining cameras in their faces on airplanes. They are violating basic principles of decency and the law. And so they're doing all of that.

But yet, when it comes to parents wanting to express their views at school board meetings, oh, we can't have that. Oh, no, that's harassment. I mean, the left is really -- they've gotten their priorities exactly backwards. They've got their standards totally doubled up. And it's also -- it's just weird behavior, weirder and weirder from the left, and it would be something that we could just say, boy, that's strange, but the fact that they are using the Federal government to enforce these speech codes and to enforce their political ideology, that's dangerous.

LEVIN: Senator, you specifically said to the chairman of the committee last week, we need to have a hearing on this issue. On this memo, we need the Attorney General up here under oath. We need to question the Attorney General about what he's done here. Is the Chairman of the committee calling a hearing?

HAWLEY: No. In fact, he waived that off and they will look away, Mark, like they do every time. You know, the Democrats have been doing this on every subject -- Afghanistan, the debacle there. They looked the other direction. They don't want to talk about it.

The F.B.I.'s abuses in the last administration, they look the other way. Now, the F.B.I.'s abuse and the Justice Department's abuse when it comes to school boards, they just look the other way. They are enablers. They are enabling this administration in its lawlessness, and in its fecklessness, and the dangers that they're creating for this country.

But I can tell you this, the Attorney General of the United States will have to come back up to the Senate. He will have to come back up to the Judiciary Committee. And when he does, you can expect that I at least, am going to press him for answers and I'm not going to be put off.

He might try to stonewall me, he might try to deny me the ability to get the answers, but I am going to put the questions to him and I hope my colleagues will join me.

LEVIN: I also notice, Senator, the head of the F.B.I., Christopher Wray has an objective, certainly not publicly, certainly not the Members of Congress. So, I guess he's all in.

Senator Josh Hawley, I want to thank you. You're a breath of fresh air and I want to thank you for your patriotism. God bless you, sir.

HAWLEY: Thanks for having me.

LEVIN: We'll be right back.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

LEVIN: Welcome back, America. Christopher Rufo has been on this issue of critical race theory before anybody that I'm aware of. He is an expert on it. He's also a Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute. He's a Contributing Editor at "City Journal" and a national resource.

Christopher, would you please first explain to the American people, what is critical race theory?

CHRISTOPHER RUFO, SENIOR FELLOW, MANHATTAN INSTITUTE: Sure. Critical race theory is an academic discipline that holds that the United States was founded on white supremacy and critically that white supremacy still serves as the foundational ideology of our country today.

The critical race theorists argue that our rights, our Constitution, our Declaration, are all mere camouflage for naked racial oppression. They argue that white supremacy today is just as bad as it was a hundred years ago, 200 years ago, 300 years ago -- that racism is it permanent endemic condition and that all white Americans, by virtue of their skin color are inherently racist --

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Mark Levin on the current 'assault' on freedom of speech - Fox News

This Week at The Ninth: Contractor Speech and Seized Cars – JD Supra

This week, the Court confronted constitutional challenges to a California statute altering the test for determining whether workers are employees or independent contractors and an Arizona statute governing civil forfeitures.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF JOURNALISTS AND AUTHORS, INC. v. BONTAThe Court holds that Californias AB 5, which modified the test for determining whether a worker is an employer or independent contractor, does not violate the First Amendment as applied to freelance writers and similar professionals.

The panel: Judges Callahan, Forrest, and Seeborg (N.D. Cal.), with Judge Callahan writing the opinion.

Key highlight: [T]he statute is aimed at the employment relationshipa traditional sphere of state regulation. See DeCanas v. Bica, 424 U.S. 351, 356 (1976). Such rules understandably vary based on the nature of the work performed or the industry in which the work is performed, and section 2778 is no different in this regard. But whether employees or independent contractors, workers remain able to write, sculpt, paint, design, or market whatever they wish.

Background: In AB 5, California codified a new 3-part test for determining whether workers are employees or independent contractors. The law exempts certain professional services occupations from its scope, including certain freelance writers and photographers. For freelance writers, the exception applied to anyone who submitted fewer than 35 pieces of work to a single entity in a year (an exception that was then changed while the litigation was underway to turn on where freelancers work and whether they work for more than one entity). The exception for photographers applied to anyone not working on a motion picture.

The American Society of Journalists and Authors and the National Press Photographers Association brought suit to enjoin AB 5. They contended the law violated the First Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause because, by categorizing them as employees, it burdened the writers and photographers not covered by the professional services exception. The district court granted Californias motion to dismiss.

Result: The Ninth Circuit affirmed. First, the Court rejected the plaintiffs First Amendment argument, holding that AB 5 regulated economic conduct and not speech. As the Court explained, AB 5 does not limit what someone can or cannot communicate, or restrict when, where, or how someone can speak, but instead governs worker classification and is aimed at the employment relationship. While AB 5s application might, as the plaintiff organizations claim, conceivably reduce job opportunities for their members and thereby reduce their ability to practice their speaking professions, the Court concluded that such an indirect impact on speech does not implicate the First Amendment. Nor did AB 5 pose the First Amendment concerns raised by regulations that focus only on certain types of speech, as AB 5 applies across Californias economy, its exemptions do not single out the press as an institution or otherwise target particular speakers, and its applicability turns not on what workers say but on the service they provide or the occupation in which they are engaged. The Court held that was true even with respect to AB 5s specific application to freelancers working on motion pictures, explaining that this statutory carveout refers to an industry or medium through which content is conveyed, and does not differentiate based on content itself.

The Court also rejected the plaintiffs Equal Protection Challenge. Because AB 5 did not implicate any fundamental right to speech, the court applied rational basis scrutiny. And, the Court held, AB 5 readily met that forgiving standard, as it was certainly conceivable that differences between occupations warrant differently contoured rules for determining which employment test better accounts for a workers status.

PLATT v. MOOREThe Court holds that plaintiffs whose car was seized pursuant to Arizonas civil forfeiture scheme had stated a claim for violation of their state-law due process rights.

Panel: Judges Tashima, Berzon, and Collins, with Judge Berzon writing the opinion, and Judge Collins concurring in part and dissenting in part.

Key Highlight: The Arizona civil forfeiture statute on its face permitted the states attorney unilaterally to deny those who chose to contest forfeiture by filing a petition the procedural protections applicable in contested forfeiture proceedings.

Background: Police stopped William and Maria Platts son while he was driving their car, found marijuana, and arrested him. The Platts car was seized pursuant to Arizonas civil forfeiture statutes. Under those statutes, when property is seized, the owner may file either a claim with the court or a petition for remission or mitigation of forfeiture with the attorney for the state. If the property owner does not pursue either option, the states attorney may proceed with an uncontested forfeiture, in which case forfeiture is virtually assured. Although the Platts filed a petition for remission or mitigation, a Deputy Navajo County Attorney unilaterally treated the petition as defective, without giving them any notice of the defect or opportunity to correct it, and proceeded with an uncontested forfeiture. The vehicle was eventually returned to the owners, but only after it had been impounded for five months.

The Platts sued state and local officials and entities, alleging that the seizure of their car and the deprivation of its use for five months violated their rights to due process under the federal and state constitutions. The district court dismissed all the claims. The Platts appealed the dismissed of their state-law claims only. Arizona, which had intervened to defend the constitutionality of its civil forfeiture scheme, cross-appealed and sought a ruling that its statutory scheme governing forfeiture is facially valid under the federal and Arizona constitutions.

Result: The Ninth Circuit affirmed in part and reversed in part. The Court first held that the Platts state-law claims were not barred by Arizonas notice of claim statute, which generally requires those asserting Arizona law claims against a public entity to file a notice of claim before filing suit. As interpreted by Arizona courts, the statute does not apply to claims for declaratory judgment. And the Court predicted that Arizona courts would likewise conclude that it does not apply to claims, like the Platts claims, for nominal damages.

On the merits, the Court held that the Platts had stated a claim based on the fact that the County Attorney, an individual with an alleged pecuniary interest in the forfeiture proceedings, had made an undisclosed determination that no timely petition had been filed. Under Arizonas scheme, that determination would have been unreviewable had the County Attorney pressed forward with forfeiture proceedings, and thus would have deprived the Platts of the procedural protections of a contested forfeiture proceeding. The Court also found that the Platts had Article III standing to bring this claim because being subjected to a constitutionally deficient forfeiture process was itself an injury even though their car had ultimately been returned. The Court agreed, however, that the Platts claim against the Navajo County Drug Task Force was properly dismissed because the Task Force was not amenable to suit under Arizona law.

As to Arizonas cross-appeal, the Court concluded that Arizona was seeking an advisory opinion as to the validity of its forfeiture scheme in circumstances not before the Court, and thus declined to address the issue.

Judge Collins concurred in part and dissented in part. He agreed that the Navajo County Drug Task Force lacks capacity to be sued under Arizona law, but would have held that Plaintiffs lacked standing to pursue a claim based on the County Attorneys biased adjudication of their petition because the County Attorneys actions had not lengthened the forfeiture proceedings or prolonged the period during which the Platts were deprived of their car. Judge Collins also would have held that Arizonas notice-of-claim statute does bar Arizona due process claims for nominal damages.

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This Week at The Ninth: Contractor Speech and Seized Cars - JD Supra