What is Cryptography? | Cryptographic Algorithms | Types …

Encryption is essentially important because it secures data and information from unauthorized access and thus maintains the confidentiality. Heres a blog post to help you understand what is cryptography and how can it be used to protectcorporate secrets, secure classified information, and personal information to guard against things like identity theft.

Heres what I have covered in this blog:

You can go through this What is Cryptography video where our Cybersecurity Trainingexpert is discussing each & every nitty-gritty of the technology.

Now, Im going to take help of an example or a scenario to explain what is cryptography?

Lets say theres a person namedAndy.Now suppose Andy sends a message to his friend Sam who is on the other side of the world. Now obviously he wants this message to be private and nobody else should have access to the message. He uses a public forum, for example, WhatsApp for sending this message. The main goal is to secure this communication.

Lets say there is a smart guy called Eaves who secretly got access to your communication channel. Since this guy has access to your communication, he can do much more than just eavesdropping, for example, he can try to change the message. Now, this is just a small example. What if Eave gets access to your private information? The result could be catastrophic.

So how can Andy be sure that nobody in the middle could access the message sent to Sam? Thats where Encryption orCryptographycomes in. Let me tell you What is Cryptography .

Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for securing communication and data in the presence of adversaries.

Alright, now that you know what is cryptography lets see how cryptography can help secure the connection between Andy and Sam.

So, to protect his message, Andy first convert his readable message to unreadable form. Here, he converts the message to some random numbers. After that, he uses a key to encrypt his message, in Cryptography, we call this ciphertext.

Andy sends this ciphertext or encrypted message over the communication channel, he wont have to worry about somebody in the middle of discovering his private messages. Suppose, Eaves here discover the message and he somehow manages to alter it before it reaches Sam.

Now, Sam would need a key to decrypt the message to recover the original plaintext. In order to convert the ciphertext into plain text, Sam would need to use the decryption key. Using the key he would convert the ciphertext or the numerical value to the corresponding plain text.

After using the key for decryption what will come out is the original plaintext message, is an error. Now, this error is very important. It is the way Sam knows that message sent by Andy is not the same as the message that he received. Thus, we can say that encryption is important to communicate or share information over the network.

Now, based on the type of keys and encryption algorithms, cryptography is classified under the following categories:

Cryptography is broadly classified into two categories: Symmetric key Cryptography and Asymmetric key Cryptography (popularly known as public key cryptography).

Now Symmetric key Cryptography is further categorized as Classical Cryptography and Modern Cryptography.

Further drilling down, Classical Cryptography is divided into Transposition Cipher and Substitution Cipher. On the other hand, Modern Cryptography is divided into Stream Cipher and Block Cipher.

So, lets understand these algorithms with examples.

Lets start with the Symmetric key encryption

Anencryptionsystem in which the sender and receiver of a message share a single, commonkeythat is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. The most popularsymmetrickeysystem is the DataEncryptionStandard (DES)

In Cryptography, a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext (which are commonly characters or groups of characters) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.

That is, the order of the units is changed (the plaintext is reordered). Mathematically, a bijective function is used on the characters positions to encrypt and an inverse function to decrypt.

Example:

Method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext, according to a fixed system; the units may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.

Consider this example shown on the slide: Using the system just discussed, the keyword zebras gives us the following alphabets:

Symmetric or secret-key encryption algorithm that encrypts a single bit at a time. With a Stream Cipher, the same plaintext bit or byte will encrypt to a different bit or byte every time it is encrypted.

An encryption method that applies a deterministic algorithm alongwith a symmetric key to encrypt a block of text, rather than encrypting one bit at a time as in stream ciphers

Example: Acommon block cipher, AES, encrypts 128-bit blocks with a key of predetermined length: 128, 192, or 256 bits. Block ciphers are pseudorandom permutation (PRP) families that operate on the fixed size block of bits. PRPs are functions that cannot be differentiated from completely random permutations and thus, are considered reliable until proven unreliable.

The encryption process where different keys are used for encrypting and decrypting the information. Keys are different but are mathematically related, such that retrieving the plain text by decrypting ciphertext is feasible.

RSA is the most widely used form of public key encryption,

Heres how keys are generated in RSA algorithm

Alright, this was it for What is Cryptography blog. To safeguard your information and data shared over the internet it is important to use strong encryption algorithms, to avoid any catastrophic situations.

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What is Cryptography? | Cryptographic Algorithms | Types ...