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Obama Commutes Bradley (Chelsea) Manning & Oscar Lopez …

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President Spite is not finishednot by a long shot. Today, the president, signaling to all future traitors that theyll get away with their evil ways, commuted the sentence of Bradley Manning. As a reminder, this is what Mr. Manning did:

President Obama shortened the sentence of Chelsea Manning, a former U.S. Army soldier who admitted to leaking secret government documents to WikiLeaks. She had been sentenced to serve 35 years behind bars.

Under the Presidents order, Mannings sentence will expire on May 17, 2017.

Bradley Manning Courtesy of National Public Radio

Mannings espionage aided the enemy:

These battlefield reports are what Wikileaks refers to as the Afghan War Diary, a trove of over 91,000 reports covering the war in Afghanistan from 2004 to 2010. Wikileaks withheld 15,000 of these reports from its initial release because even the anti-government group recognized the sensitivity of their contents. Still, the diary covers a range of topics: Improvised Explosives Devices encountered, offensive operations, taking enemy fire, engagement with possible hostile forces, talking with village elders, numbers of wounded, dead, and detained, kidnappings, broader intelligence information and explicit threat warnings from intercepted radio communications, local informers or the [Afghan] police.

It is easy to see why bin Laden would have an interest in the Wikileaks material. The files gave al Qaeda insight into how the U.S.-led coalition viewed the Afghan war.

I am absolutely convinced that Manning decided to have the sex-change to disguise himself once out of prison. Well see what helooks like May 17th, 2017 when hes sprung.

Oscar Lopez-Rivera, Wikimedia Commons

Meanwhile, unrepentant domestic terrorist Oscar Lopez-Rivera goes free:

Lopez-Rivera has been in federal prison since 1981, after he was convicted of seditious conspiracy and arms trafficking in connection with his leadership of the FALN, the notorious left-wing terrorist group that perpetrated more than 130 attacks on U.S. soil from the mid 1970s through the mid 1980s, killing six and wounding many more. Most members of the FALN, which purported to fight for Puerto Rican independence but maintained deep ties to Fidel Castros Cuba, were long ago captured and imprisoned, and many of them have already served their time and been released.But Lopez-Rivera remains unrepentant about his crimes, and hes hardly been a model prisoner: In one of two failed attempts to escape, he conspired with others insideand outside his prison to kill his way to freedom, attempting to procuregrenades, rifles, plastic explosives, bulletproof vests, blasting caps, and armor-piercing bullets. After the FBI thwarted this plan, another 15 years was added to Lopezs original 55-year sentence.

His crimes were vicious and to this day, hes never shown an ounce of remorse. Why is Obama letting this scum free? Perhaps this was a deal with Cuba? Who knows?

Bottom line, Barack Obama has no problem with Wikileaks, communists, or evil traitors unless it embarrasses him personally. If they harm the United States and her citizens? Barack Obama, America-hater til the end, is your friend.

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Obama Commutes Bradley (Chelsea) Manning & Oscar Lopez ...

How the Alleged Twitter Hackers Got Caught – WIRED

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On July 15, a Discord user with the handle Kirk#5270 made an enticing proposition. I work for Twitter, they said, according to court documents released Friday. I can claim any name, let me know if youre trying to work. It was the beginning of what would, a few hours later, turn into the biggest known Twitter hack of all time. A little over two weeks later, three individuals have been charged in connection with the heists of accounts belonging to Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Barack Obama, Apple, and morealong with nearly $120,000 in bitcoin.

Friday afternoon, after an investigation that included the FBI, IRS, and Secret Service, the Department of Justice charged UK resident Mason Sheppard and Nima Fazeli, of Orlando, Florida in connection with the Twitter hack. A 17-year-old, Graham Ivan Clark, was charged separately with 30 felonies in Hillsborough County, Florida, including 17 counts of communications fraud. Together, the criminal complaints filed in the cases offer a detailed portrait of the day everything went haywireand how poorly the alleged attackers covered their tracks. All three are currently in custody.

Despite his claims on the morning of July 15, Kirk#5270 was not a Twitter employee. He did, however, have access to Twitters internal administrative tools, which he showed off by sharing screenshots of accounts like @bumblebee, @sc, @vague, and @R9. (Short handles are a popular target among certain hacking communities.) Another Discord user who went by ever so anxious#0001 soon began lining up buyers; Kirk#5270 shared the address of a Bitcoin wallet where proceeds could be directed. Offers included $5,000 for @xx, which would later be compromised.

That same morning, someone going by Chaewon on the forum OGUsers started advertising access to any Twitter account. In a post titled "Pulling email for any Twitter/Taking Requests, Chaewon listed prices as $250 to change the email address associated with any account, and up to $3,000 for account access. The post directs users to ever so anxious#0001 on Discord; over the course of seven hours, starting at around 7:16 am ET, the ever so anxious#0001 account discussed the takeover of at least 50 user names with Kirk#5270, according to court documents. In that same Discord chat, ever so anxious#0001 said his OGUsers handle was Chaewon, suggesting the two were the same individual.

Kirk#5270 allegedly received similar help from a Discord user going by Rolex#0373, although that person was skeptical at first. Just sounds too good to be true, he wrote, according to chat transcripts investigators obtained via warrant. Later, to help back up his claim, Kirk#5270 appears to have changed the email address tied to the Twitter account @foreign to an email address belonging to Rolex#0373. Like Chaewon, Rolex#0373 then agreed to help broker deals on OGUserswhere his user name was Rolexwith prices starting at $2,500 for especially sought-after account names. In exchange, Rolex got to keep @foreign for himself.

By around 2 pm ET on July 15, at least 10 Twitter accounts had been stolen, according to the criminal complaints, but the hackers still seemed focused on short or desirable handles like @drug and @xx and @vampire, rather than celebrities and tech moguls. And the takeovers were an end unto themselves, rather than in service of a cryptocurrency scam. The deals brokered by Chaewon netted Kirk#5270 around $33,000 in bitcoin, according to the criminal complaint; Chaewon took in another $7,000 for his role as intermediary.

The FBI believes that Rolex is Fazeli, and it charged him with one count of aiding and abetting the intentional access of a protected computer. They believe Sheppard is Chaewon, who is charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud, conspiracy to commit money laundering, and the intentional access of a protected computer.

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How the Alleged Twitter Hackers Got Caught - WIRED

Cryptocurrencies and Cryptoassets: Freezing Orders, Disclosure Orders and the Instruction of Experts – Family Law Week

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Andrzej Bojarski of 36 Family and Byron James of Expatriate Law.

Introduction

Cryptocurrencies and cryptoassets are radically different from other forms of property. Indeed, some have questioned whether they are properly to be defined as 'property' at all. Take for example the most well-known cryptocurrency: Bitcoin.

A Bitcoin is based on cryptographic code (capable of being expressed and recorded as a long line of letters and numbers) which has been created (or rather 'mined' in the jargon) by powerful computers. The code forms a 'blockchain', which is a form of cryptography based on distributed ledger technology.

The 'distributed ledger' refers to the fact that the blockchain code and each alteration to it are recorded on numerous computers around the world. By reason of being distributed in this way the record of the blockchain is made definite and immutable, but without the need for any central 'official' ledger to confirm ownership as is the case with many other forms of property, including bank accounts. The ledger is definitive because it is recorded independently by numerous machines: hence the 'ledger' is 'distributed'.

At heart, therefore, a Bitcoin is merely data. There is no tangible asset as with real property or tangible assets. Nor is there any reciprocal obligation as with a chose in action (for example, a share or a bond carries certain rights with it, and money deposited in a bank is a debt owed by the bank to the customer).

The fact that a cryptocurrency is essentially a form of data has practical important practical implications which family lawyers need to grasp. Access to and control of the data which forms the cryptoasset is fundamental to the control, use and tracing of the asset itself. Without control of the data there is no access to the asset. If the data is lost, the asset is lost.

In fact, the blockchain on which Bitcoin and most other cryptoassets is built consist not of one single line of code, but two. Each is called a key. The 'public key' is visible to anyone who views the Bitcoin blockchain. The corresponding 'private key', however, is not publicly visible by anyone. The linking of the public key to a private key is how an individual proves ownership and control of the relevant number of units of Bitcoin. The private key can be stored anywhere convenient. The place it is stored is known in the jargon as a 'wallet', but that wallet might be in any one of many varied forms. It might just be a piece of paper with the key written on it, but more likely it will be stored in digital form on a computer or USB device, or where the crypto-currency is bought via an online exchange that exchange may itself provide facilities for storing the private key in an online wallet. Similarly, there may be many copies of the private key, but anyone who has a copy of the key can deal with the Bitcoin.

Once a transaction has occurred on the blockchain it is immutable and irreversible. It may be impossible to trace the wallet into which a new private key which related to that cryptoasset has been placed. All this makes it unusually important to ensure that appropriate steps are taken to control this novel class of assets.

The question of whether cryptoassets are 'property' is of more than academic jurisprudential interest. It has practical implications for lawyers who need to preserve, trace or otherwise deal with cryptoassets. The standard form of freezing order is in many ways inadequate to properly prevent dealings with cryptoassets. Likewise, conventional approaches to obtaining disclosure of assets and the instruction of experts need to be adapted to take into account the unconventional nature of cryptoassets.

This article

In this article we consider some of the areas where the conventional freezing order precedent needs to be adapted to deal with cryptoassets. Lawyers may also need to be prepared to deal with the prospect of making orders against 'persons unknown' in cases where the identity of a person to whom control of Bitcoin has been transferred is not known. We also propose precedents for directions dealing with disclosure and expert evidence relating to cryptoassets.

Readers will find precedent orders in the appendices as follows:

-Appendix 1: Freezing order in respect of cryptocurrency;

-Appendix 2: Disclosure/Preservation order in relation to cryptoassets and the devices which contain the 'keys' to such assets;

-Appendix 3: Order for instruction of an expert to analyse cryptoasset 'wallets' and to trace transactions in cryptoassets.

In order to put those precedent orders into their proper context, it is necessary to consider a number of jurisprudential questions which apply to cryptoassets.

Is Cryptocurrency a legally recognizable form of 'property'?

The following features render cryptocurrency different in nature to other 'traditional' assets (e.g. fiat currency):

oThey are not a chose in possession, because they are virtual and not tangible. It is not possible to possess the asset itself but rather only possess access to it via a key to a wallet which could be stored, arguably, on any storage type device (AA et al [2019] EWHC 3556, para 55);

oThey are not a chose in action, because they do not contain or provide or entitle any enforceable right to the bearer (Ibid).

For cryptocurrency to be properly defined therefore, in English law terms, as capable of being termed 'property' it is perhaps required to either extend the definition of a chose in action or create a third classification of intangible property.

One of the earliest judicial recognitions of cryptocurrency as 'property' in a common law jurisdiction is believed to be in the case of B2C2 v Quoine Pty (2019) from the Singapore International Commercial Court, which established both that cryptocurrencies are capable of being determined as property and also can be held within a trust.

In the course of making a freezing injunction in respect of a number of Bitcoin obtained by unknown individuals in a ransomware attack in AA et al (Ibid) Bryan J found, that cryptocurrencies

"meet the four criteria set out in Lord Wilberforce's classic definition of property in National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] 1 AC 1175 as being definable, identifiable by third parties, capable in their nature of assumption by third parties, and having some degree of permanence. That too, was the conclusion of the Singapore International Commercial Court in B2C2 Limited v Quoine PTC Limited [2019] SGHC (I) 03 [142]."

In Vorotyntseva v Money-4 Limited [2018] EWHC 2596 (Ch), para 13Birss J held that

"there [is not] any suggestion that cryptocurrency cannot be a form of property or that a party amenable to the court's jurisdiction cannot be enjoined from dealing in or disposing of it. I am satisfied that the court can make such an order, if it is otherwise appropriate."

Whilst there is no known Family Division authority dealing with the status of cryptocurrency as property, it should now be considered that the courts in England and Wales will consider it to be a form of property capable of being subject to a proprietary freezing injunction.

Form of freezing order

Practitioners are required to use a standard form of wording in the precedent for a proprietary freezing injunction when seeking to restrict the use of specified assets. Indeed, in UL v BK (Freezing Orders: Safeguards: Standard Examples) [2013] EWHC 1735 (Fam) at [48] Mostyn J cited with approval the requirement stated in the White Book that "any departure from the standard wording must be drawn to the attention of the judge hearing the without notice application".

The standard precedent for a freezing order contained in the suite of standard family orders as "3.1 Order" and the operative parts of the order feature in paragraphs 19 and 20 of the precedent:

Until the return date or further order of the court, the respondent must not remove from England and Wales or in any way dispose of, deal with or diminish the value of the following assets which are in England and Wales, namely:- [specify in detail]

If the total value free of charges or other securities ('unencumbered value') of the respondent's assets in England and Wales restrained by the preceding paragraph exceeds [amount], the respondent may remove any of those assets from England and Wales or may dispose of or deal with them so long as the total unencumbered value of the assets restrained by the preceding paragraph remains above [amount].

The content of these paragraphs are worthy of further thought in the context of the special nature of cryptoassets.

Proving ownership of the relevant cryptoasset is vital. In Vorotyntseva evidence was produced on the morning of the hearing to demonstrate the relevant cryptocurrency was in the possession or control of the proposed respondent. This produced by "that was provided during the morning in the form of e-mails with screenshots from a computer screen" (para 6, inter alia).

Thought must be given however to how a cryptoasset can be 'possessed' or 'within someone's control' in view of the fact that the asset has no physical form and consists entirely of cryptographic code, i.e data.

The most important point to grasp is that there is no centralised register of ownership for the cryptoasset, unlike money in a bank account where both the amount of money and the name of the account holder are held by the bank. Instead, the private key which allows control of a cryptoasset is stored somewhere; probably, but not necessarily, in digital form. It therefore must be established where and via what method is the cryptocurrency stored.

Control of the cryptoasset lies with anyone in possession of the private key. It is the private key which links to the public key in the blockchain and allows a person to deal with the asset, for example by transferring all or part of it to another person as payment for a service or for other goods. Such a transfer results in a new private key being created for the new holder of the cryptoasset. The old key ceases to function and the cryptoasset is now capable of being controlled by the anyone in possession of the new key.

The private key to the cryptoasset key is a set of numbers and letters. It can be held in a number of ways. In theory it could be written on a piece of paper or even memorised without being recorded in physical form anywhere, in the same way as a pin for an ATM or password for online banking (although it would be an impressive feat of memory). More commonly, however it is kept in digital form in a 'wallet'. This wallet can take many forms, from the third-party company holding it within an online trading account to a USB storage device which is kept in a pocket.

It may not be enough to specify in an order that the asset to be frozen is "X Bitcoin". Just as importantly, the private key which controls the cryptoasset (or more precisely the device which contains the wallet holding the private key) needs to be frozen.

The order may also need to prevent use of the private key which confirms control of those Bitcoin.

Accordingly, consideration should be given to specifically preserving any computer, USB device or other form of device where the private keys to the crypto currency may be recorded and held.

"the respondent must not"

Once it is established where the private key is stored, one then needs to determine how it is accessed. As noted above, each transaction with the asset on the blockchain results in a new key being generated. As we have noted above, conceivably, there could be no written record of this key and it may simply be memorised. More likely it will be held in digital form.

Often the cryptocurrency keys are held on an online exchange. Most retail investors in cryptocurrencies buy and sell via such online exchanges. In those cases the 'wallet' containing the private keys will be held by the online service. In such a case consideration needs to be given to ensuring the exchange is also bound by the terms of the order. Therefore, the "respondent must not" needs to be considered more widely. Are there other third parties that need to be considered as relevant parties and served with the order?

However, anyone who holds cryptocurrency which they wish to keep secret or untraceable is unlikely to use an online exchange. Such a person is more likely to wish to use a 'cold-storage' location which means the key is stored offline on a USB drive or similar device. If an online exchange is analogous to a bank, and cold-storage location is analogous to money stuffed under the floorboards or kept in a home safe.

In such a case taking control of the device which contains the wallet becomes fundamentally important. An order for delivery up and preservation of the device is likely to be required. There may be situations which make an Anton Piller Search Order appropriate. Accordingly, it become important to establish at an early stage whether there is an item, such as a USB stick or laptop computer, that requires physical possession as the starting point for protection.

"remove from England and Wales"

The international transfer aspect of a cryptocurrency is arguably of less relevance given the decentralised aspect of cryptoassets. A Bitcoin is held on the blockchain which is itself based on a distributed ledger spread across computers based all around the world. By its very definition, a cryptocurrency is not located in any single jurisdiction or any single place. It exists by the very fact that the blockchain ledger is distributed universally around the world. What is important is the location of the wallet holding the private key.

A private key can be emailed across the world in a matter of seconds. A transaction with a cryptoasset can be carried out without knowing the identity of the recipient. The whereabouts of the new private key held by the new holder of the cryptoasset may not be possible to determine from any publically available resource.

However, note the importance in the Liam David Robertson case of wallet being held with Coinbase in the UK. This created a far easier form of enforcement.

A transfer of the asset from one cryptofinancier in the UK to one based abroad could create further enforcement issues. Therefore, there is an importance of restricting the online transfer of the keys to the digital asset.

There is also arguably an importance in keeping a physical storage device within the jurisdiction, lest that then also becomes subject to further enforcement hurdles to overcome.

"or in any way dispose of, deal with or diminish the value..."

The concern differs on how the cryptoasset is held. If via a wallet held by an online third-party company, the issue is then onward transfer or sale, potentially to a company based abroad or an exchange into fiat money (as in the Liam David Robertson case). These actions would arguably be caught by the current drafting of the freezing order, but where an offline location for the wallet is being used the order needs to be considered further.

When faced with such a situation it is not sufficient to simply require there to be no disposal or dealing with the storage device to provide adequate protection. There are restrictive actions you can seek, such as not moving the cryptoasset keys from one storage device to another or preventing changing the key, both of which would potentially undermine the purpose of the order but arguably not fall within dispose, deal or diminish.

There are also positive actions that could be required too, absent a delivery up or Anton Piller order, there needs to be some form of preservation of the asset. If the cryptoasset on a USB stick is just left in an office drawer and then subsequently removed, how are you to prove that the respondent was responsible? The respondent themselves could have moved the USB stick to an unknown safe deposit box, arrange for a third party to do it or a third party could simply take it themselves. Whilst in the latter, this would only be of use if they had the key in addition, but it would still render the cryptoasset vanished and unavailable, even if also not available to the person who took it.

"the following assets.."

The correct way to draft the relevant paragraph of the proprietary injunction is to prohibit the disposal of the relevant quantities of cryptocurrency but it should not seek to prevent disposal of the combined sterling equivalent as at the date of the order in the sum of a stated monetary sum in the alternative, as this would be inconsistent with it being a proprietary injunction (Vorotyntseva, para 14).

The use of monetary sums is also likely to be inappropriate in the context of cryptoassets which tend to have highly volatile and fluctuating values. Within the last 5 years alone, the value of a single Bitcoin has swung between a low at around $200 to a high of nearly $20,000

Can a freezing injunction be granted against an unknown person?

If the evidence suggests that a spouse has divested assets to a third party, the absence of a centralized ledger of ownership may make it impossible to determine the identity of the person who now holds it. In such circumstances the order may need to be made against a person or persons unknown. This is an unusual order and not readily granted by the court without proper justification.

In the unreported case of, Liam David Robertson v Persons unknown (2019) CL-2019-000444 per Molder J. Liam Robertson, CEO of Alphabit Fund was granted an asset preservation order over 80 Bitcoin (then c. 1,000,000) fraudulently obtained from him by an unknown person via a phishing attack. It was possible to trace a further transfer of the Bitcoin to a wallet held in the UK by Coinbase, a cryptocurrency retailer and depository. This trace was achieved by Chainalysis Inc, a blockchain investigations firm operating in New York, Washington DC, Copenhagen, and London.

A freezing injunction was sought in Liam David Robertson but refused. Moulder J stated "[w]e know nothing about this person who perpetrated the fraud. We do not know his identity. We do not know his assets. We do not know if a Freezing Order would achieve anything whatsoever" and therefore the 'balance of convenience' and 'risk of dissipation' requirements needed for freezing orders could not be met. An Asset Preservation Order was granted in the alternative as such requirements are not required.

It is not possible to identify someone from a cryptocurrency address alone. Therefore, the simple address or key reveals nothing of the owner. It is common however to use depositories or third party cryptofinanciers (Bitfinex, Coinbase, etc). This is important as those companies are required to maintain KYC ("know your client") documents about their account holders. This is therefore a useful route to information about the possible human owner of the wallet, held with a company, into which the cryptocurrency is held. Vorotyntseva.

In the case of AA v Persons Unknown however, the court considered it appropriate to grant an injunction against persons unknown after a ransomware attack. Although such orders are likely to be rarely sought in financial remedy proceedings, cryptoassets by their nature render it possible that they will be appropriate in a limited number of cases.

Preservation of Physical 'Wallets', Disclosure and Experts

The difficulties which the intangible and highly complex nature of cryptoassets present in the context of freezing orders also extend into orders which deal with disclosure and the instruction of experts. Identification of cryptoasset holdings relies on possession of the relevant keys relating to those assets, and therefore the physical possession and analysis of the devices which contain the relevant 'wallets' is critical.

It is also important to remember the importance of preserving the physical devices which store the cryptoasset 'wallet'. In many cases obtaining custody and/or preservation of the physical 'wallet' will be of more practical importance and utility than a conventional freezing order. An order for custody and preservation of such a device is sanctioned by rule 20.2(1)(c)(i) of the Family Procedure Rules 2010 (based on the statutory powers contained in s.34 of the Senior Courts Act 1981)

At appendix 2 we provide a specimen precedent for an order which deals with the disclosure of cryptoassets and the preservation of relevant devices used as wallets for the storage of the relevant keys. This order can be used in addition to or instead of a freezing order, as the circumstances of each case demand. Indeed, in many cases this order will be used in precedence to a more generalised freezing order.

At appendix 3 we set out a precedent to be used when seeking directions for the instruction of an expert to analyse the storage devices or online accounts which contain cryptoassets in order to verify the holdings and to trace dealings with cryptoassets. Once again, parts of this order can be combined with clauses from the freezing order precedent or the disclosure precedent as required in each case.

31.7.20

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Cryptocurrencies and Cryptoassets: Freezing Orders, Disclosure Orders and the Instruction of Experts - Family Law Week

MLOps: What You Need To Know – Forbes

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Digital data multilayers.

MLOps is a relatively new concept in the AI (Artificial Intelligence) world and stands for machine learning operations.Its about how to best manage data scientists and operations people to allow for the effective development, deployment and monitoring of models.

MLOps is the natural progression of DevOps in the context of AI, said Samir Tout, who is a Professor of Cybersecurity at the Eastern Michigan University's School of Information Security & Applied Computing (SISAC).While it leverages DevOps' focus on security, compliance, and management of IT resources, MLOps real emphasis is on the consistent and smooth development of models and their scalability.

The origins of MLOps goes back to 2015 from a paper entitled Hidden Technical Debt in Machine Learning Systems.And since then, the growth has been particularly strong.Consider that the market for MLOps solutions is expected to reach $4 billion by 2025.

Putting ML models in production, operating models, and scaling use cases has been challenging for companies due to technology sprawl and siloing, said Santiago Giraldo, who is the Senior Product Marketing Manager and Data Engineer at Cloudera.In fact, 87% of projects dont get past the experiment phase and therefore, never make it into production.

Then how can MLOps help?Well, the handling of data is a big part of it.

Some key best practices are having a reproducible pipeline for data preparation and training, having a centralized experiment tracking system with well-defined metrics, and implementing a model management solution that makes it easy to compare alternative models across various metrics and roll back to an old model if there is a problem in production, said Matei Zaharia, who is the chief technologist at Databricks.These tools make it easy for ML teams to understand the performance of new models and catch and repair errors in production.

Something else to consider is that AI models are subject to change.This has certainly been apparent with the COVID-19 pandemic.The result is that many AI models have essentially gone haywire because of the lack of relevant datasets.

People often think a given model can be deployed and continue operating forever, but this is not accurate, said Randy LeBlanc, who is the VP of Customer Success at RapidMiner.Like a machine, models must be continuously monitored and maintained over time to see how theyre performing and shifting with new dataensuring that theyre delivering real, ongoing business impact.MLOps also allows for faster intervention when models degrade, meaning greater data security and accuracy, and allows businesses to develop and deploy models at a faster rate. For example, if you discovered an algorithm that will save you a million dollars per month, every month this model isnt in production or deployment costs you $1 million.

MLOps also requires rigorous tracking that is based on tangible metrics.If not, a project can easily go off the rails.When monitoring models, you want to have standard performance KPIs as well as those that are specific to the business problem, said Sarah Gates, who is an Analytics Strategist at SAS.This should be through a central location regardless of where the model is deployed or what language it was written in.That tracking should be automatedso you immediately know and are alertedwhen performance degrades.Performance monitoring should be multifaceted, so you are looking at your models from different perspectives.

While MLOps tools can be a huge help, there still needs to be discipline within the organization.Success is more than just about technology.

"Monitoring/testing of models requires a clear understanding of the data biases," said Michael Berthold, who is the CEO and co-founder of KNIME. "Scientific research on event, model change, and drift detection has most of the answers, but they are generally ignored in real life. You need to test on independent data, use challenger models and have frequent recalibration. Most data science toolboxes today totally ignore this aspect and have a very limited view on 'end-to-end' data science."

Tom (@ttaulli) is an advisor to startups and the author of Artificial Intelligence Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction and The Robotic Process Automation Handbook: A Guide to Implementing RPA Systems. He also has developed various online courses, such as for the COBOL programming language.

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MLOps: What You Need To Know - Forbes

Media’s ‘Cancel Culture’ Debate Obscures Direct Threats to First Amendment – FAIR

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The Harpers letter (7/7/20) decried a new set of moral attitudes and political commitments that tend to weaken our norms of open debate and toleration of differences in favor of ideological conformity.

A short and rather vaguely worded open letter published in Harpers Magazine (7/7/20) earlier this month caused an unlikely media storm that continues to rumble on. Glossing over right-wing threats to the First Amendment, the letter, signed by 150 writers, journalists and other public figures, decried a new intolerance to dissent and a threat to freedom of speech coming from the left.

The vagueness of the letter was both its genius and its shortcoming, allowing people of all political persuasions to put their names to it, but also for others to read into it virtually anything they wanted. As the Los Angeles Times (7/9/20) described it, the letter became a Rorschach test of subtext.

The letter generated an explosion of takes and counter-takes, hailed as everything from a welcome and long overdue triumph (Washington Times, 7/13/20) to a collective wallowing in self-pity (In These Times, 7/7/20), leading to a debate about open debate and a great deal of speech complaining about speech.

However, much of the public discussion of the Harpers letter misses the fact that it is the powerful, not the masses, who inordinately have the ability to cancel individuals for their actions, and that it is the left and those challenging power who consistently suffer the brunt of the consequences.

Chief among the threats to the First Amendment is the president himself. The Trump administration is currently suing a small news station in northern Wisconsin for running a political ad it (and countless others) aired but did not produce. They are not suing the well-funded Democratic Super PAC who paid for it, but instead are going after the messenger. While legal experts suggest that they have no case, Wisconsin has no laws against frivolous lawsuits, meaning the station will likely be bankrupted defending itself, something that appears to be exactly the point of the exercise: intimidating other media outlets into silence.

The makers of a documentary on ICE say they were warned that the federal government would use its full weight to veto scenes it found objectionable (New York Times, 7/23/20).

The federal government is using the same tactic, using its full weight trying to suppress a Netflix documentary about ICE. The New York Times (7/23/20) reports that the government demanded the removal of scenes that showed the department terrorizing communities and breaking the law during arrests. Notably, the government is deliberately targeting the films small production company, not the giant streaming service, which has the resources to fight back. (Several times, the filmmakers said, the official pointed out that it was their little production company, not the films $125 billion distributor, that would face consequences, the Times reported.)

Yet these direct attacks on the First Amendment received scant coverage in comparison to the Harpers letter, or Times columnist Bari Weiss resignation from her newspaper, citing a stifling liberal atmosphere. Weiss leavetaking has been the subject of four CNN articles and over a dozen on Fox News, whereas the attempt to suppress the ICE documentary has not been covered by Fox, and has been the subject of only one CNN piece (7/29/20)a TV review that mentions the attempted suppression.

The Trump administration has also contravened the First Amendment in attempting to ban the release of material critical of the president. The Department of Justice is currently suing Trumps former National Security Advisor John Bolton for the publication of his memoir, The Room Where It Happened, claiming that Boltons embarrassing anecdotes represent a national security violation. He must pay a very big price for this, as others have before him. This should never happen again!!! Trump tweeted (6/20/20). Bolton faces possible criminal charges, as well as having any profits seized.

Similarly, the Trump family, represented by Donalds brother Robert, used the courts to try to block the publication of Mary Trumps book, Too Much and Never Enough, wherein the presidents psychologist niece diagnoses him as a narcissist with possible antisocial personality disorder.

Perhaps most worryingly, a significant portion of the public is strongly supportive of Trumps destruction of the First Amendment. A plurality of Republicans (43%) believe he should close news outlets engaged in bad behavior, and 13% of Americans (including a quarter of Republicans) think he should immediately close the Washington Post, New York Times and CNN.

The media, who President Trump infamously labeled the enemy of the people, have been subject to a generalized nationwide government assault in recent weeks. According to the US Press Freedom Tracker, there have been at least 585 incidents, including at least 84 journalists arrested, 137 shot by police or National Guard, 80 tear-gassed and 36 pepper-sprayed while covering the George Floyd protests. Some, like photojournalist Linda Tirado, have been left permanently disfigured from police attacks. The onslaught against the press is so bad that the United Nations has gotten involved, its human rights office condemning the arbitrary arrests, and the disproportionate and discriminatory use of force.

If you get fired for saying something like this (Twitter, 7/23/20), opponents of cancel culture wont come to your defense.

But when 9News Denver meteorologist Marty Coniglio also condemned the states repression, he faced immediate consequences. After tweeting, Federal police in citiesnow where have I seen that before? accompanying it with a picture of Nazi troops, he was promptly fired. James Bennets resignation from the New York Times for soliciting and printing an op-ed (that he admits he hadnt read before publishing) calling on the military to crush the protest movement drew worldwide condemnation (even being obliquely mentioned by the Harpers signatories as their primary piece of proof of an intolerant left). But Coniglios case, where he challenged power, not indulged it, has barely been reported outside of Colorado.

Coniglios case is indicative of the fact that the primary victims of cancellation tend to be the left and those challenging power. Earlier this year, David Wright, a longtime political journalist for ABC News, was suspended and permanently pulled from political reporting after he was secretly filmed, in private, criticizing his network and admitting that he is a socialist who likes Bernie Sanders (a popular position among Americans, but not among journalists at corporate outletsFAIR.org, 3/8/16, 2/8/19, 7/26/19).

Those displaying insufficient enthusiasm for state violence from the US or its allies can also suffer immediate consequences. In February, journalist Abby Martin was barred from speaking at Georgia Southern University after refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the state of Israel (something 28 states already make anyone receiving public money do). CNN fired its contributor Marc Lamont Hill in 2018 for criticizing Israel, and for calling for a free Palestine from the river to the sea. Going further back, Chris Hedges was forced out of the New York Times for his opposition to the Iraq invasion, a fate that also befell MSNBCs Phil Donahue and Jesse Ventura.

Thomas Chatterton Williams, the organizer of the Harpers letter, specifically warned that Donald Trump is the Canceler in Chief, and that his letter only addresses a small part of the threat to a pluralistic public discourse. Unfortunately, most of the debate in elite circles has ignored these far greater dangers in favor of focusing on overzealous Twitter usersperhaps because privileged journalists in corporate media have come to accept objections to their reporting from the powerful as inevitable, if not legitimate, whereas popular challenges to their reporting make them bristle with indignation. While the dangers of leftist cancel culture can be debated, theres no denying the dangers of the governments assault on the core American value of free speech.

Featured image: A scene from the Netflix documentary Immigration Nation.

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Media's 'Cancel Culture' Debate Obscures Direct Threats to First Amendment - FAIR

New unpatchable exploit allegedly found on Apples Secure Enclave chip, heres what it could mean – 9to5Mac

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One of the major security enhancements Apple has brought to its devices over the years is the Secure Enclave chip, which encrypts and protects all sensitive data stored on the devices. Last month, however, hackers claimed they found a permanent vulnerability in the Secure Enclave, which could put data from iPhone, iPad, and even Mac users at risk.

The Secure Enclave is a security coprocessor included with almost every Apple device to provide an extra layer of security. All data stored on iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch, and other Apple devices is encrypted with random private keys, which are only accessible by the Secure Enclave. These keys are unique to your device and theyre never synchronized with iCloud.

More than just encrypting your files, Secure Enclave is also responsible for storing the keys that manages sensitive data such as passwords, your credit card used by Apple Pay, and even your biometric identification to enable Touch ID and Face ID. This makes it harder for hackers to gain access to your personal data without your password.

Its important to note that although the Secure Enclave chip is built into the device, it works completely separately from the rest of the system. This ensures that apps wont have access to your private keys, since they can only send requests to decrypt specific data such as your fingerprint to unlock an app through the Secure Enclave.

Even if you have a jailbroken device with full access to the systems internal files, everything thats managed by Secure Enclave remains protected.

These are the devices that currently feature the Secure Enclave chip:

This isnt the first time hackers have encountered vulnerabilities related to Secure Enclave. In 2017, a group of hackers were able to decrypt the Secure Enclave firmware to explore how the component works. However, they were unable to gain access to the private keys, so there wasnt any risk to users.

Now, Chinese hackers from the Pangu Team have reportedly found an unpatchable exploit on Apples Secure Enclave chip that could lead to breaking the encryption of private security keys. An unpatchable exploit means that the vulnerability was found in the hardware and not the software, so theres probably nothing Apple can do to fix it on devices that have already been shipped.

We still dont have further details on what exactly hackers can do with this specific vulnerability, but having full access to the Security Enclave could also mean having access to passwords, credit cards, and much more. The only thing we know so far is that this vulnerability in Secure Enclave affects all Apple chips between the A7 and A11 Bionic, similar to the checkm8 exploit that allows jailbreak for almost all iOS devices up to iPhone X.

Even though Apple has already fixed this security breach with the A12 and A13 Bionic chips, there are still millions of Apple devices running with the A11 Bionic or older chips that could be affected by this exploit. The impacts that this vulnerability found in the Security Enclave will have on users will likely be known in the coming months.

Keep in mind that exploits like this usually require the hacker to have physical access to the device in order to obtain any data, so its unlikely that anyone will be able to access your device remotely. An expected scenario is for government agencies to use this security breach on confiscated devices.

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New unpatchable exploit allegedly found on Apples Secure Enclave chip, heres what it could mean - 9to5Mac

Blockstack CEO Says Bitcoin Is a Better DeFi Solution Than Most Think – Cointelegraph

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As interest in smart contracts surges, some Bitcoiners are asking: why can't Bitcoin (BTC) become the foundation for smart contracts too, instead of Ethereum (ETH)?

Muneeb Ali, co-founder and CEO of Blockstack open-source platform, believes that the best way to bring about a user-owned internet "is to anchor applications and smart contracts to the Bitcoin network in a way that uses Bitcoin as a reserve currency and its powerful blockchain as a security mechanism."

In a conversation with Cointelegraph, Ali stated that Bitcoin has been the king of blockchains for more than a decade, as most people have come to recognize that the Bitcoin network is unparalleled when it comes to security:

We believe that the new Stacks 2.0 blockchain, currently in testnet, holds one solution for making Bitcoin the foundation for smart contracts in Web 3.0. With the Clarity smart contract programming language and the Proof of Transfer mechanism, developers can build smart contracts in a much more secure language that is predictable, decidable.

Traditionally, Bitcoin has been recognized as a secure network, whereas Ethereum has been a frontrunner when it comes to smart contracts, according to Ali. Blockstacks founder elaborated further on the discussion:

Bitcoins limited scripting language has been seen as a dealbreaker to developers looking to build dapps or deploy smart contracts. As a result, many developers end up building their own blockchains, hoping to bootstrap native proof-of-work protocols or proof-of-stake, but these tend to be much less secure. One of the results is developers assume Ethereum is better suited for launching smart contracts, but I believe this is premature.

Ali also pointed out that the future of the internet will not be a tradeoff of convenience for security, but will instead be tying that security to web applications in a way that uses Bitcoin as a reserve currency along with its blockchain as a security mechanism.

Regarding the web 3.0 era, Ali thinks that of particular note is the recent rise in conversation about the possibilities of DeFi on the Bitcoin. For the Blockstacks founder, this means more people are looking to anchor in the security of Bitcoin when it comes to financial products:

Many people think that it is easier to recreate Bitcoin on top of Ethereum, but it actually makes more sense to create Ethereum functionality on top of Bitcoin. The adoption of this is still nascent but people are definitely starting to realize the value of building on the Bitcoin ecosystem rather than parallel to it.

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Blockstack CEO Says Bitcoin Is a Better DeFi Solution Than Most Think - Cointelegraph

10 Best Spy Movies From The 2010s (That Aren’t James Bond) – Screen Rant

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The upcoming release of Christopher Nolan's Tenet, complete with as much secrecy, intrigue, and surprise as its plot must contain, as well as an impendingJames Bondfilm, inspired this pulse-taking of the contemporary spy genre. Unsurprisingly, there is as much talent, originality, and reason for revisiting as there was in Hitchcock's 60s and MacGyver's 80s.

RELATED: The 15 Best Spy & Secret Agent Movies Of All Time (According to IMDb)

A credit to the spy genre is its range, as represented below. Fans of movie agents equally appreciate, equally expect even, a sharp-tongued cocktail lounge interrogation and a mountainside helicopter leap to be within the bounds of possibility for their backed protagonists.

Haywire presents a banal spy story via a talent frenzy. Director Steven Soderbergh, of recently re-enthused Contagionfame, is the strong director of English talentsEwan McGregor and Michael Fassbender, the latter of who would go on to be nominated for an Oscar two years later.

At the films core is Gina Caranos Mallory Kane. She is as energetic and assured as her accomplished counterparts. Youve seen her since in Disney+sThe Mandalorian.

While there has been espionage since the days of Julius Caesar and up through the life of Edward Snowden, modern espionage fiction has pooled around the Cold War; and there is no Cold War spy storyteller more renowned than John le Carr. Film adaptations of his novels, which feature recurring characters, have been just as popular for decades.

Thus was the excitement whenle Carr (via source material) was linked with another of England's most exceptional talents, Gary Oldman. He dominates a powerhouse cast and handles a complex narrative all with his textbook carefree impact.

After one of the moreconcisetrilogies of all time, based on Robert Ludlum's novels and brought to life by Matt Damon's titular performances, drew to a close, rising Avenger Jeremy Renner stepped into the intimidating picture. As an agent affected by Jason Bourne's ripple effects, he brings just as much tenacity.

RELATED: 10 Reasons To Be Excited For Christopher Nolan's Tenet

The Bourne seriesworks the aforementioned spy-genre rangebetter than most. It is at once cerebral and rewatchable while rarely letting up the action.

Novelist Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan is among the most famous fictional spies in popularculture. He has beenbrought to life by Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and most recently John Krasinski for Amazon Prime.

For this one-off installment, directed by Shakespeare aficionado and Tenet actor Kenneth Branagh, the multifaceted Chris Pine brought his A-game. His hometown charm makesevery high-octane moment seem more daring, while his beefy build makes his surviving always more believable.

Over the past decade or so, the MCU has popularized a particular blend of action and comedy which is ripe for utilization in the non-superhero action world. Matthew Vaughn's Kingsman, with itscast of fan favorites (Colin Firth, Michael Caine, Taron Egerton) completing kick-ass choreography, is a perfect example.

A 2020 prequelis scheduled to make this fantastic series into a proper trilogy, but there is undoubtedly potential for far more. After all, the "Millarworld" is the type where any type of expansion is possible.

There is no cinema list focused on the 2010s that would be complete without an A24 submission. For untested director Kyle Newman, the white-hot (even in 2015) indie studio was able to rile Sophie Turner, Samuel L. Jackson, and Jessica Alba.

RELATED: 10 Greatest A24 Movies (According to IMDb)

The real star of Barely Lethal, however, is Hailee Steinfeld. Oscar-nominated as a teenager for her performance in True Grit, she is apparently in line to take on a certain Avenger's costume.

A fascinating sub-era of recent film has been the slew of quieter, more introspective masterworks from big-name directors famous for larger-than-life spectacles. Critics andThe Academy alike were warm to Quentin Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, Scorsese's The Irishman, and Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies.

The latter brings the same high stakes as Spielberg espionage entries such as Munich and Minority Report, but strips away much of the action, leaving only an emotional husk filled by virtuoso performances by Tom Hanks and Mark Rylance.

In 1962, Dr. No brought Ian Fleming's novel protagonist James Bond to the big screen, launching a tradition that is celebrated riotously to this day. Within a few years, television was flooded with half a dozen spy-themed thrillers, including The Man From U.N.C.L.E., which debuted in 1964.

RELATED: The 10 Best James Bond Movies (According To Metacritic)

Having been less adapted than the Bond brand only provides more opportunity for inventiveness in this 2015 reboot. Director Guy Ritchie is in action-packed full form and Armie Hammer and Henry Cavill are as sleek as a duo of believable tough guys as could be imagined.

Since her outrageous, Oscar-nominatedturn in Bridesmaids, Melissa McCarthy has starred in a blockbuster-caliber comedy romp just about every year. Among those, Spy is the best.

McCarthy andfellow Bridesmaid Rose Byrne are an endlessly entertaining expectation-subverting duo. Byrne poses as too posh to be hilarious, whereas McCarthy plays up the goofy before holding her own against straight-playing sleuths like Jude Law's Bradley Fine. As is always impossibly true,the laughs and plot intensity balance one another.

The Mission Impossible series is over twenty years and six films old. Star Tom Cruise is approaching sixty. Yet the franchise's most recent installment was so successful among critics and fans that it feels as if the only desire is for more. This is reportedly to be arranged over the next two years.

Fallout brings back numerous familiar allies to Tom Cruise's Ethan Hunt, as well as Henry Cavill's studly CIA adversary August Walker. Also returning, of course, will be the iconic score.

NEXT: Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan: 10 Best Episodes In The Series So Far, Ranked (According To IMDb)

Next Pixar: 10 Villains Who Deserved Harsher Consequences

Joe loves all things popular culture. A relatively new writer, he has published work on Odyssey, Thought Catalog, Total Frat Move (back in "those" days), and Against Professional Philosophy. He lives and parties in Los Angeles. His most recent obsession is dystopian noir films.

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10 Best Spy Movies From The 2010s (That Aren't James Bond) - Screen Rant

How AI is revolutionizing healthcare – Nurse.com

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AI applications in healthcare can literally change patients lives, improving diagnostics and treatment and helping patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions quickly.

AI in the global healthcare market (the total value of products and services sold) was valued at $2.4 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach $31.02 billion in 2025.

Now in the COVID-19 pandemic, AI is being leveraged to identify virus-related misinformation on social media and remove it. AI is also helping scientists expedite vaccine development, track the virusand understand individual and population risk, among other applications.

Companies such as Microsoft, which recently stated it will dedicate $20 million to advance the use of artificial intelligence in COVID-19 research, recognize the need for and extraordinary potential of AI in healthcare.

The ultimate goal of AI in healthcare is to improve patient outcomes by revolutionizing treatment techniques. By analyzing complex medical data and drawing conclusions without direct human input, AI technology can help researchers make new discoveries.

Various subtypes of AI are used in healthcare. Natural language processing algorithms give machines the ability to understand and interpret human language. Machine learning algorithms teach computers to find patterns and make predictions based on massive amounts of complex data.

AI is already playing a huge role in healthcare, and its potential future applications are game-changing. Weve outlined four distinct ways that AI is transforming the healthcare industry.

This transformative technology has the ability to improve diagnostics, advance treatment options, boost patient adherence and engagement, and support administrative and operational efficiency.

AI can help healthcare professionals diagnose patients by analyzing symptoms, suggesting personalized treatments and predicting risk. It can also detect abnormal results.

Analyzing symptoms, suggesting personalized treatments and predicting risk

Many healthcare providers and organizations are already using intelligent symptom checkers. This machine learning technology asks patients a series of questions about their symptoms and, based on their answers, informs them of appropriate next steps for seeking care.

Buoy Health offers a web-based, AI-powered health assistant that healthcare organizations are using to triage patients who have symptoms of COVID-19. It offers personalized information and recommendations based on the latest guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Additionally, AI can take precision medicine healthcare tailored to the individual to the next level by synthesizing information and drawing conclusions, allowing for more informed and personalized treatment. Deep learning models have the ability to analyze massive amounts of data, including information about a patients genetic content, other molecular/cellular analysis and lifestyle factors and find relevant research that can help doctors select treatments.

AI can also be used to develop algorithms that make individual and population health risk predictions in order to help improve outcomes. At the University of Pennsylvania, doctors used a machine learning algorithm that can monitor hundreds of key variables in real time to anticipate sepsis or septic shock in patients 12 hours before onset.

Detecting disease

Imaging tools can advance the diagnostic process for clinicians. The San Francisco-based company Enlitic develops deep learning medical tools to improve radiology diagnoses by analyzing medical data. These tools allow clinicians to better understand and define the aggressiveness of cancers. In some cases, these tools can replace the need for tissue samples with virtual biopsies, which would aid clinicians in identifying the phenotypes and genetic properties of tumors.

These imaging tools have also been shown to make more accurate conclusions than clinicians. A 2017 study published in JAMA found that of 32 deep learning algorithms, seven were able to diagnose lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer more accurately than a panel of 11 pathologists.

Smartphones and other portable devices may also become powerful diagnostic tools that could benefit the areas of dermatology and ophthalmology. The use of AI in dermatology focuses on analyzing and classifying images and the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant skin lesions.

Using smartphones to collect and share images could widen the capabilities of telehealth. In ophthalmology, the medical device company Remidio has been able to detect diabetic retinopathy using a smartphone-based fundus camera, a low-power microscope with an attached camera.

AI is becoming a valuable tool for treating patients. Brain-computer interfaces could help restore the ability to speak and move in patients who have lost these abilities. This technology could also improve the quality of life for patients with ALS, strokes, or spinal cord injuries.

There is potential for machine learning algorithms to advance the use of immunotherapy, to which currently only 20% of patients respond. New technology may be able to determine new options for targeting therapies to an individuals unique genetic makeup. Companies like BioXcel Therapeutics are working to develop new therapies using AI and machine learning.

Additionally, clinical decision support systems can help assist healthcare professionals make better decisions by analyzing past, current and new patient data. IBM offers clinical support tools to help healthcare providers make more informed and evidence-based decisions.

Finally, AI has the potential to expedite drug development by reducing the time and cost for discovery. AI supports data-driven decision making, helping researchers understand what compounds should be further explored.

Wearables and personalized medical devices, such as smartwatches and activity trackers, can help patients and clinicians monitor health. They can also contribute to research on population health factors by collecting and analyzing data about individuals.

These devices can also be useful in helping patients adhere to treatment recommendations. Patient adherence to treatment plans can be a factor in determining outcome. When patients are noncompliant and fail to adjust their behaviors or take prescribed drugs as recommended, the care plan can fail.

The ability of AI to personalize treatment could help patients stay more involved and engaged in their care. AI tools can be used to send patients alerts or content intended to provoke action. Companies like Livongo are working to give users personalized health nudges through notifications that promote decisions supporting both mental and physical health.

AI can be used to create a patient self-service model an online portal accessible by portable devices that is more convenient and offers more choice. A self-service model helps providers reduce costs and helps consumers access the care they need in an efficient way.

AI can improve administrative and operational workflow in the healthcare system by automating some of the process. Recording notes and reviewing medical records in electronic health records takes up 34% to 55% of physicians time, making it one of the leading causes of lost productivity for physicians.

Clinical documentation tools that use natural language processing can help reduce the time providers spend on documentation time for clinicians and give them more time to focus on delivering top-quality care.

Health insurance companies can also benefit from AI technology. The current process of evaluating claims is quite time-consuming, since 80% of healthcare claims are flagged by insurers as incorrect or fraudulent. Natural language processing tools can help insurers detect issues in seconds, rather than days or months.

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How AI is revolutionizing healthcare - Nurse.com

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Market with Future Prospects, Key Player SWOT Analysis and Forecast To 2025 – Express Journal

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The Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Market report offers a detailed study on the evaluation of industry with respect to competitive players, latest advancements, regional analysis, emerging trends, and current tendencies of the end-user. The report also covers Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning market size, market share, growth rate, revenue, and CAGR reported previously along with its forecast estimation. The report also includes performance in terms of revenue influence from various segments. It includes an in-depth analysis of key factors that influencing revenue growth of the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning market.

The report on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning market analyzes the primary growth factors, restraints and opportunities influencing the market outlook in the upcoming years. According to the research document, the market is predicted to generate significant revenue while registering a CAGR of XX% over the estimated timeframe (20XX-20XX).

The study provides detailed information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the growth of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning market. With the pandemic unceasing, stringent lockdown measures has withheld the revenue of several industries and will continue to have a lingering impact even after the economy rejuvenates. Most of the businesses across various industry verticals have revised their budget plans in a bit to re-establish profit trajectory for the ensuing years.

Request Sample Copy of this Report @ https://www.express-journal.com/request-sample/158893

Our detailed assessment of this business space allows you to devise a plan-of-action for navigating through the market uncertainty and build versatile contingency plans to stay ahead of the competition. Additionally, the report offers a granular analysis of the various market segmentations as well as the competitive scenario of this business sphere.

Major aspects from the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning market report:

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Market segments enclosed in the report:

Regional segmentation: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.

Product types:

Applications spectrum:

Competitive outlook:

Reasons why you should buy this report

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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Market with Future Prospects, Key Player SWOT Analysis and Forecast To 2025 - Express Journal


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