Winux – Windows/Linux Convergence In 2020 – iProgrammer

It is a strange time when old enemies not only bury the hatchet but start to merge into a single entity. Windows and Linux, Microsoft and Open Source seem not only to be friendly but in the case of Windows and Linux merging into an undifferentiated whole - Winux anyone?

It all started with the move to .NET Core. Well it probably did, but it is too recent for a final history to be written. The .NET system was aggressively Windows- and Microsoft-only and, apart from some heroic open-source efforts on the part of the Mono team, it only worked under Windows. Then Microsoft threw away everything it had done and started over with an open-source project to reinvent .NET as a cross-platform development system and so .NET Core was born, along with much confusion and some developer suffering.

Why was .NET widened to support non-Windows environments?

Only Microsoft really knows but it seems reasonable that it was to serve the greater good of Azure. When Azure started out it mostly provided Windows-based virtual machines, but it didn't take long for it to be quite clear than its users wanted Linux and, if it was to be competitive with AWS, it needed to shift from being Windows-oriented to Linux-supporting - and it has.

Given Azure is potentially the cash cow that is to replace Windows in the future, it now becomes clear that supporting Linux is a good idea. So .NET becomes cross-platform and with .NET Core 5, or perhaps more fully in 6, in the future this task is more or less completed. There is only one version of the .NET platform and it is cross-platform.

Of course, there are still problems - aren't there always?

In particular, there is no .NET cross-platform UI and .NET Core programs tended to be command line or web-based where the UI issue doesn't arise. Eventually Microsoft realized that trying to pretend that .NET Core didn't need a UI was silly and some Windows-specific modules were rolled out to allow Win32/Forms and WPF to be used to create a UI.

As this all was coming to a conclusion, Microsoft suddenly seems to have had another realization - if Azure runs Linux, why not Windows? The Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) was born and you could work with Linux on a machine that primarily ran Windows. Not a virtual machine, but a hosted operating system within another operating system. Future historians might well look back on this first step as the start of the fusion between Windows and Linux and indeed Microsoft software in general and open source.

For example, why would Microsoft spend money developing an HTML rendererer for its own browser when there is an open source browser, used by Google, just sitting around waiting to be used. The Edge browser is an example of a development strategy that I think we are going to see more of as time goes on - open source + proprietary code and services.

Now we have news that Edge is going cross-platform. And why not? Chromium is cross-platform so what is surprising? What is surprising is that Microsoft is taking another step towards Linux. Of course, it all comes with some added Microsoft flavoring:

"For developers, WebView2 will be generally available for C/C++ and .NET by the end of 2020. Once available, any Windows app will be able to embed web content with the power of Microsoft Edge and Chromium. WebView2 provides full web functionality across the spectrum of Windows apps, and its decoupled from the OS, so youre no longer locked to a particular version of Windows.

Also, the new Microsoft Edge DevTools extension for Visual Studio Code is now generally available, enabling seamless workflow for developers as they switch contexts."

At the moment WebView2 only seems to support Windows, but Linux support in the near future would seem logical. Also notice the way that Microsoft is building a web of dependencies - Edge supports Visual Studio Code, which in turn favors Microsoft GitHub and of course Azure. It all fits together so tightly that you really wouldn't want to go to the trouble of pulling it apart.

"Starting in October, Microsoft Edge on Linux will be available to download on the Dev preview channel. When its available, Linux users can go to theMicrosoft Edge Insiders siteto download the preview channel, or they can download it from the native Linux package manager."

And while all this is going on WSLis being expanded. Linux GUI apps are being supported in the next few weeks. If you were determined enough, you could already get GUI apps to work, but now it's official. So I can sit down at my machine, boot Windows and run Windows and Linux GUI apps.

Things have gone a long way. There was a time when I had to worry about which operating system I was using. I now routinely use ls in PowerShell and I've almost forgotten what the Windows dir command did. Which slash to use in pathnames isn't much of a problem any more and I am increasingly surprised when I find that a Linux command doesn't work under Windows.

Our current desktop hardware has enough memory and disk storage to support a mind meld of Windows and Linux - something that until relatively recently would have seemed wasteful. We are in an age of operating system bloat - get used to it and take advantage of it.

Winux here we go...

Windows Subsystem for Linux capabilities enhance performance and make install a breeze

Microsoft Edge coming to Linux in public preview, with more support for secure remote work and enabling developers to bring Microsoft Edge to any Windows app

Chrome OS Runs Windows Apps - What's An OS Anyway?

This Is The Year Of Linux On The Desktop - Via Windows

Linux On Windows - Microsoft On How It Works

To be informed about new articles on IProgrammer,sign up for ourweekly newsletter,subscribe to theRSSfeedandfollow us on,Twitter,Facebook orLinkedin.

Make a Comment or View Existing Comments Using Disqus

or email your comment to: comments@i-programmer.info

Visit link:

Winux - Windows/Linux Convergence In 2020 - iProgrammer

Matillion Partner Ecosystem Identifies Trends Driving Data Transformation Market – The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel

DENVER and MANCHESTER, England, Sept. 23, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Matillion, the leading provider of data transformation for cloud data warehouses (CDWs), brought together data management consulting services leaders for a Matillion partner advisory roundtable to discuss how enterprise data transformation needs are impacted by current market trends. The event, held virtually in Q3, revealed the existing challenges and trends that are accelerated by the global pandemic and the pressing enterprise needs to access and leverage data for decision making.

- There is increasing demand for low-code and open source solutions among different data personas. Businesses look to enable diverse roles within their organization to use data tools that can help them take control of their projects. There is demand among data engineers who want to use solutions with both low code and open source options. There is still a need for open source, which allows engineers to innovate with data. However, an emphasis on time-to-value and scalability within a complex, enterprise IT environment, and the need to access data across parts of a business, is driving the low code/no code market.

- Enterprises are balancing the need for speed with cost optimization.Before the pandemic, many businesses were looking to increase time to value without increasing costs. But now, enterprises need to reduce infrastructure costs in preparation for a potential recession, but they also desire the quick implementation of solutions that enable them to leverage their data and reduce data latency to make timely, fact-based decisions.

-Enterprises need proven tech stacks and solutions from data consultants.In an effort to help companies optimize cost and scale strategies, consultants see a need to deliver off-the-shelf solutions that will work for diverse business use cases. Data management, integration, and transformation solutions need to work well with one another to allow enterprises easier onboarding, quicker proof of concepts to demonstrate results, and faster time to value. Offering ready-made technology stacks delivers value for clients faster as data projects are scaled down to align with pressured budgets and internal competition for available resources.

- Data volumes are driving data infrastructure modernization.The mean number of data sources per organization is 400 sources, and data volumes are growing by 63 percent per month. This has large enterprises progressing on their "cloud journey," by ditching legacy systems for new approaches in data management and data integration, to avoid additional technical debt and to position them for economic and business recovery. Cloud-native tools are easier to use and to scale, enabling enterprises to begin work on smaller proof-of-concepts to get the frameworks ready for when the pace of business picks up again.

- Talent acquisition is more critical than ever.It is easier to find the right technology solutions than it is to find employees with the right skill sets. Enterprises need to attract data engineers that will implement a modern tech stack to help them derive value from the data they have spent years amassing and aggregating.

"The latest advancements in data technologies addressed enterprise needs prior to the pandemic, but there is added pressure to modernize almost overnight to cope with new and increasing challenges," said Robert Griswold, Senior Manager, Data Foundations Practice Lead at Capgemini.

"Enterprises continue to adjust to the new ways of working, and face increasing pressure to uncover data insights," said Brian Bickell, Data Practice Director at Interworks. "There is a growing need for flexible solutions that serve a remote, distributed team. Companies are doing all they can to ensure business continuity and the ability to scale to keep them moving forward during these uncertain times."

"Current market conditions present yet-unseen pressure on enterprises to mitigate costs while becoming as competitive as possible, said Matthew Scullion, CEO of Matillion. "The trends identified by global leaders in manufacturing, finance, healthcare and more underscore demand for the power of the cloud, which organically solves for modern requirements while better positioning businesses to recover from the impact of a global pandemic."

To learn more about how Matillion and its partner ecosystem support faster time to insights within the enterprise, visit: https://partners.matillion.com/. For further data transformation industry updates and perspectives, follow Matillion on Twitter @Matillion and LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/matillion-limited/.

About Matillion Matillion is data transformation for cloud data warehouses. Only Matillion is purpose-built for Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, Microsoft Azure Synapse, and Google BigQuery, enabling businesses to achieve new levels of simplicity, speed, scale, and savings. Trusted by companies of all sizes to meet their data integration and transformation needs, Matillion products are highly rated across the AWS, GCP and Microsoft Azure Marketplaces. Dual-headquartered in Manchester, UK and Denver, Colorado, Matillion also has a presence in New York City and Seattle. Learn more about how you can unlock the potential of your data with Matillion's cloud-based approach to data transformation. Visit us atwww.matillion.com.

Media contact Nonfiction Agency for MatillionShermineh RohanizadehSrohanizadeh@nonfictionagency.com+1 949 378 6469

View post:

Matillion Partner Ecosystem Identifies Trends Driving Data Transformation Market - The Grand Junction Daily Sentinel

‘A customisable approach’ – how contact-tracing apps differ in the UK – Digital Health

The last few months have seen both Northern Ireland and Scotland work with software developers, NearForm, and launch their own individual contact-tracing apps. Digital Health News spoke to NearForm about the technology and how it works.

Northern Ireland and Scotland pipped England and Wales to the post in the contact-tracing app race, with the two countries opting to use different technology.

The NHS contact-tracing app based on Apple and Googles technology launched in England and Wales today, but Scotland and Ireland chose to go their own way working with software developers NearForm.

One of the key differences between what we offer and what Google offers is we offer a far more customised app solution, NearForms technical director, Colm Harte, said.

Both apps use Bluetooth to track time and distance between devices, sending exposure notifications to devices that have spent more than 15 minutes within two metres of another user who has tested positive for Covid-19.

Apple and Google offer a templated app and not a full end-to-end solution, according to Harte.

What they are offering is the app piece, but you still have to provide the key server, the verification server and you still have to do the integration with your manual contact-tracing systems, he added.

And thats all part of what the NearForm solution has brought to the table with different countries. We provide the back-end key server, the one-time code for the verification flows so you can trigger an upload on an app.

If you look at either apps weve brought so far, they are very much tied into the language, look and feel in terms of how government is dealing with Covid-19 in their particular jurisdiction.

Harte said the customisable interface provides governments using NearForms app more flexibility with how it plugs into their manual contact-tracing system.

This allows messaging around Covid-19 to be more consistent, he explained.

Its using the same terminology, its providing the same type of advice, so its a much more customized interface for the particular population, Harte added.

A lot of countries are using different platforms for their manual contract-tracing, so integrating the two is very important for a seamless experience as the manual contact tracing is the driving force.

The app used in the Republic of Ireland, for example, allows a user to voluntarily input their phone number, which is then provided to a member of the manual contact-tracing team should the app receive an exposure notification.

A lot of people have opted into that feature because they want that reassurance that there is someone they can speak to if they do have a close contact alert, Harte said.

The Republic of Irelands app, developed alongside NearForm, was launched in early July and was downloaded one million times in the first 48 hours. Irelands Health Service Executive (HSE) later published the apps Covid Tracker code as part of an open source programme to help global public health authorities tackle the pandemic.

Northern Ireland released its app, StopCOVID NI, at the end of July followed by NHS Scotland in September. Both apps were developed alongside NearForm and were based on Irelands Covid Tracker code.

Not just technical challenges

Asked why Ireland and Scotland had seemingly been more successful at getting a digital contact-tracing solution off the ground, Harte said there are a number of challenges faced when developing apps.

Theres a lot of complexity to building these apps. Theres the technical side of things but theres also a lot of organisational challenges and weve seen that with the countries weve worked with, he said.

Theres a lot of groups that have to be brought together and theres a lot of decisions that have to be made.

That process includes how you integrate the app into the overall contact-tracing process and the manual process, Harte said. Without these discussions the app is unlikely to be a success.

Effectiveness is showing that youre breaking transmission chains, so if youre identifying people through digital contact-tracing that manual contact-tracing didnt identify and those people turn out to be positive youre breaking transmission chains, Harte told Digital Health News.

Thats really the purpose of what youre trying to achieve with these contact-tracing apps.

The importance of open source

Harte emphasised the role open sourcing the code for the Irish app had played in allowed other countries to further their own digital contact-tracing abilities.

NearForms software has been used to develop contact-tracing apps in US states including Pennsylvania and Delaware; Gibraltar; and Jersey alongside Ireland and Scotland.

A key piece of that [NearForms success] is when Ireland launched their app they open sourced all the code, and the Irish health authorities were very happy to share in terms of what they were doing, how they were doing it and who they were using to build their app, Harte said.

They were also happy for other countries to levy their source code in order to build their own app, so that obviously helped other people to accelerate what they were doing.

Irelands HSE provided the code to the newly established Linux Foundation public health initiative which aims to use open source software to help public health authorities around the world combat Covid-19 and future epidemics.

The code is available of github.

Link:

'A customisable approach' - how contact-tracing apps differ in the UK - Digital Health

Jitsi and Mattermost Team Up for Joint Hackathon – "Thriving in a Remote Environment" – Yahoo Finance

TipRanks

In the investing game, its not only about what you buy; its about when you buy it. One of the most common pieces of advice thrown around the Street, buy low is touted as a tried-and-true tactic.Sure, the strategy seems simple. Stock prices naturally fluctuate on the basis of several factors like earnings results and the macro environment, amongst others, with investors trying to time the market and determine when stocks have hit a bottom. In practice, however, executing on this strategy is no easy task.On top of this, given the volatility that has ruled the markets over the last few weeks, how are investors supposed to gauge when a name is flirting with a bottom? Thats where the Wall Street pros come in.These expert stock pickers have identified three compelling tickers whose current share prices land close to their 52-week lows. Noting that each is set to take back off on an upward trajectory, the analysts see an attractive entry point. Using TipRanks database, we found out that the analyst consensus has rated all three a Strong Buy, with major upside potential also on tap.Progenity (PROG)Offering clear and actionable genetic results, Progenity specializes in providing testing services. The company started trading on Nasdaq in June and saw its shares tumbling 44% since then. With shares changing hands for $8.11, several members of the Street recommend pulling the trigger before it heats up.Piper Sandler analyst Steven Mah points out that even against the backdrop of COVID-19, PROG managed to deliver with its Q2 2020 performance. We are encouraged by the recovery in late Q2 2020 with 75,000 accessioned tests (~79,000 in Q1 2020), driven by noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and carrier screening, the analyst noted. Expounding on this, Mah stated, Progenity did not provide guidance, but June test volumes of ~28,000 were strong (Q1 2020 monthly average was ~26,000) which we believe showcases the durability of its reproductive tests and the success that Progenity has in co-marketing and attaching carrier screening to the more essential NIPT. Of note, despite the pandemic disruptions, Progenity was able to maintain its leading pre-COVID test turnaround times.Additionally, health insurer Aetna is temporarily extending coverage of average-risk NIPT until year-end as a result of the pandemic, with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) also expected to endorse average-risk in the future given its clinical utility, in Mahs opinion.Reflecting another positive, the fourth generation NIPT (single-molecule counting assay) test was able to measure fetal fraction, a key milestone according to Mah, and will continue to be developed into 2021. As the technology could potentially be applied to DNA, RNA, epigenetic markers and proteins for additional clinical applications such as oncology, the analyst is looking forward to the completion of the preeclampsia verification in Q4 2020 and a possible 2H21 launch. We believe preeclampsia (~2.3 billion serviceable market) is a major differentiator for Progenity, allowing them to cross-sell across the full-continuum of reproductive testing, the analyst added.If that wasnt enough, PROG signed its first GI Precision Medicine partnership agreement with a top-20 Pharma company in August. The Oral Biotherapeutic Delivery System (OBDS), an ingestible drug and device combination designed to precisely deliver biologics systemically through a needle-free liquid jet injection into the submucosal tissues of the small intestine, is set to be utilized as part of the collaboration. Mah commented, We believe Progenity can sign additional Pharma deals and look forward to the newsflow coming out on this front.To sum it all up, Mah said, We believe Progenity shares are undervalued given the robust recovery in the core testing business and multiple upcoming growth catalysts.To this end, Mah rates PROG an Overweight (i.e. Buy) along with a $17 price target. Should his thesis play out, a twelve-month gain of 105% could potentially be in the cards. (To watch Mahs track record, click here)Are other analysts in agreement? They are. Only Buy ratings, 4, in fact, have been issued in the last three months. Therefore, the message is clear: PROG is a Strong Buy. Given the $13.33 average price target, shares could climb 60% higher in the next year. (See PROG stock analysis on TipRanks)Tactile Systems Technology (TCMD)Developing at-home therapy devices, Tactile Systems Technology wants to provide new treatments for lymphedema, which occurs when the lymphatic system is impaired, disrupting normal transport of fluid within the body, and chronic venous insufficiency. Down 52% year-to-date, its $32.67 share price lands close to its $29.47 52-week low. Thus, with business trends improving, the Street is pounding the table.Writing for Canaccord, analyst Cecilia Furlong acknowledges that the pandemic has hampered the company, with COVID-19 weighing on both volumes and sales. In the second half of March, volumes were down 50% compared to the first half of the month, and TCMDs patient volumes in April and May remained challenged. That being said, trends started to improve at the end of May.Going forward, given the vast majority of TCMDs clinician customers practice in outpatient or office-based settings, we remain positive on TCMDs ability to demonstrate better insulation against COVID impacts and likely experience a greater bounce-back relative to overall med-tech volume trends, with TCMD further benefitting from its expanding using of technology to remotely engage with clinicians and support patients, Furlong explained.The analyst added, Furthermore, recent trends among some providers to prescribe Flexitouch (an advanced intermittent pneumatic compression device to self-manage lymphedema and nonhealing venous leg ulcers) earlier along the therapy process, as a means to reduce in-person contact, could provide upside near term, as well as potentially transition to a longer-term tailwind.On top of this, Furlong is also optimistic about new CEO Dan Reuvers and the reprioritization of the companys investment and market development efforts. TCMD will shift focus away from its acquired Airwear product line, with it redirecting investments toward its Flexitouch and Entre (a pneumatic compression device used to assist in the home management of chronic swelling and venous ulcers associated with lymphedema and chronic venous insufficiency) products.Given significant under-penetration in the lymphedema/phlebolymphedema market targeted by Flexitouch alongside the large patient population with limited treatment options today targeted by the firms Head & Neck platform, we view the combination of education and clinical data as key to further developing and penetrating these markets... Going forward, we expect management to continue to compile a broad base of clinical data to support reimbursement and drive broad adoption, Furlong commented.All of this prompted Furlong to keep a Buy rating and $62 price target on the stock. This target conveys her confidence in TCMDs ability to soar 90% in the next year. (To watch Furlongs track record, click here)In general, other analysts are on the same page. With 3 Buy ratings and 1 Hold, the word on the Street is that TCMD is a Strong Buy. The $62.33 average price target brings the upside potential to 91%. (See TCMD stock analysis on TipRanks)uniQure N.V. (QURE)Last but not least we have uniQure, which delivers curative gene therapies that could potentially transform the lives of patients. Even though shares have fallen 44% year-to-date to $40, not much higher than its 52-week low of $36.20, multiple analysts still have high hopes.Representing SVB Leerink, 5-star analyst Joseph Schwartz acknowledges that shares struggled after news broke of its collaboration and licensing agreement with CSL Behring for AMT-061, QUREs gene therapy for Hemophilia B, he argues the shareholder base turnover is likely now complete as investors and QURE shift focus to next-in-line AMT-130, its AAV5 gene therapy for Huntingtons Disease (HD).Schwartz further added, With the M&A premium now out of the stock, we see the QUREs current level as an attractive buying opportunity for those investors interested in the companys up and coming CNS gene therapies, internal manufacturing, and robust intellectual property and knowhow.Looking more closely at the agreement with CSL Behring, QURE will be tasked with the completion of the pivotal Phase 3 HOPE-B trial as well as the manufacturing process validation and manufacturing supply of AMT-061.According to management, 26-week Factor IX (FIX) data from all 54 patients enrolled in the trial remains on track, and topline data from the pivotal trial is still slated to read out by YE20. It should be mentioned that in a Phase 2b dose-confirmation study, QURE reported 41% FIX activity out to one year. Additionally, Schwartz points out that with HOPE-B progressing as planned, QURE has continued its manufacturing process validation work ahead of the anticipated BLA/MAA submissions in the U.S. and EU in 2021.On top of this, as part of the deal, QURE is eligible to receive more than $2 billion including a $450 million upfront cash payment, $1.6 billion in regulatory and commercial milestones and double-digit royalties ranging up to the low-twenties percentage of net product sales.With a strengthened cash position, QURE is well funded to rapidly advance CNS assets including AMT-130 (AAV5 gene therapy for Huntingtons Disease (HD)) and AMT-150 (AAV gene therapy for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/SCA3)...We continue to believe that as QUREs CNS pipeline assets mature, the company could once again be an attractive partner to larger biopharma companies that have recently acquired many publicly traded gene therapy platforms with substantial manufacturing capabilities, Schwartz noted.Everything that QURE has going for it convinced Schwartz to reiterate an Outperform (i.e. Buy) rating. Along with the call, he attached a $67 price target, suggesting 68% upside potential from current levels. (To watch Schwartzs track record, click here)What does the rest of the Street have to say? 9 Buys and 3 Holds have been issued in the last three months, so the consensus rating is a Strong Buy. In addition, the $69.89 average price target indicates 75% upside potential. (See QURE stock analysis on TipRanks)To find good ideas for beaten-down stocks trading at attractive valuations, visit TipRanks Best Stocks to Buy, a newly launched tool that unites all of TipRanks equity insights.Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the featured analysts. The content is intended to be used for informational purposes only. It is very important to do your own analysis before making any investment.

See the original post:

Jitsi and Mattermost Team Up for Joint Hackathon - "Thriving in a Remote Environment" - Yahoo Finance

Quantum encryption the devil is in the implementation – The Daily Swig

John Leyden23 September 2020 at 13:18 UTC Updated: 23 September 2020 at 16:04 UTC

Implementation flaws in quantum key distribution systems can undermine claims of unhackable cryptographic security, one expert warns

Academics at the University of Bristol recently claimed to have made a breakthrough in making quantum key distribution (QKD) systems commercially viable at scale.

Using a technique known as multiplexing, the team has developed a prototype system that relies on fewer receiver boxes, potentially slashing the cost of building quantum key distribution systems currently used by only governments and large multinational banks.

However, following the recent publication of an article in The Daily Swig, Taylor Hornby, senior security engineer at Electric Coin Company, has been in touch to caution us that comparable systems have been broken in the past because of implementation problems.

If theyre claiming higher security than standard cryptography, they need evidence theyre less likely to have implementation flaws, Hornby told us before offering a lengthier explanation of his thinking (reproduced in full, with light editing) below.

Its technically correct that when implemented correctly, quantum key distribution leverages the laws of physics to ensure that data being transmitted cannot be intercepted and hacked.

However, that implemented correctly is a pretty big assumption. Similar systems in the past have been broken through implementation flaws, so if the researchers are claiming higher security than standard cryptography, they need evidence theyre less likely to have implementation flaws.

Everyones almost certainly better off using normal crypto thats post-quantum secure and paying (a fraction of) the 300,000 cost to people to audit it.

A common narrative in favor of QKD is that its more secure than conventional cryptography because it doesnt need to rely on computational difficulty assumptions (like factoring is hard, its hard to find SHA256 collisions, and so forth).

Its true that QKD eliminates the need to rely on those computational hardness assumptions, but that comes at an additional risk of implementation flaws.

Implementations of conventional cryptography can have implementation flaws, too (e.g. Heartbleed, Zombie Poodle, and many other examples). However theyre usually just software mistakes that can be patched, and theres an industry of cryptographers and security auditors trained to find and fix them.

Over time, the flaws get found and fixed, and the implementations become more secure.

Read more of the latest encryption news

Note that its very rare for conventional cryptography to be broken because of weaknesses in the computational hardness assumptions.

MD5 and SHA1 collisions are two examples, but consider that AES and even DES are not showing substantial signs of weakness, and even MD5 is still secure against second-preimage attacks.

Quantum systems, on the other hand, can have physical vulnerabilities that come from the fact that real single-photon detectors and other components dont behave exactly as their theoretical models predict.

In one case, researchers were able to control single-photon detectors in a QKD system by shining bright light on them (making them behave more like brightness sensors than single-photon detectors).

A defense for this attack was proposed, which was to vary the detectors efficiency randomly. The idea is that the bright light coming from an attacker will always set off the detector, but if there werent an attack, then more photons should be lost when the efficiency is low, so the recipient can tell if theyre being attacked when they dont see a higher rate of lost photons.

Researchers then worked out a way around that defense: By offsetting the timing of short pulses against the timing of a gate clock in the detector, they could trigger the detector just when the efficiency was high and not when it was low, so they could simulate the expected lost photons:

These attacks are on older QKD systems, and I havent looked into the architecture used by researchers quoted in the article, but this shows that QKD systems can have their own kinds of physical flaws, and the risk they introduce needs to be balanced against the benefits of moving away from reliance on computational hardness assumptions.

The burden is on QKD proponents to argue that their physical devices are less likely to contain vulnerabilities than software implementations of conventional cryptography systems.

A potential way to do that is to use device-independent QKD protocols protocols which are proven secure even when the attacker is allowed to have some control over the physical hardware.

Current designs for device-independent protocols are less efficient, however, and they still make assumptions about what the attacker is allowed to do.

Those assumptions need to be tested adversarially before we can be confident in the implementations security.

READ MORE Quantum leap forward in cryptography could make niche technology mainstream

Read the original post:
Quantum encryption the devil is in the implementation - The Daily Swig

Blockchain: Beyond the Basics – Security Boulevard

Beyond the basic blockchain

The core blockchain protocol implements a distributed ledger capable of performing cryptocurrency transfers. Smart contract platforms add additional functionality by running programs on top of the blockchain.

However, distributed ledger technology is not limited to the traditional blockchain or smart contract platform. Distributed ledgers can run on alternative architectures, support second-layer protocols and use advanced cryptography to provide additional functionality and guarantees.

Blockchain is the most common and widely-known architecture for implementing distributed ledgers. However, other protocols and distributed ledger architectures also exist. These alternative ledger architectures are often designed to address limitations of blockchain-based ledgers, such as limited transaction speeds and scalability.

A DAG is a graph with two main properties:

DAGs can also be used to implement a distributed ledger. An example of a leading DAG-based blockchain is IOTA and its Tangle.

Without blocks, DAG-based ledgers have to implement consensus in different ways. The security of these ledgers is heavily dependent upon the details of these consensus algorithms.

Sidechains take the blockchain as a basis and build on it. Sidechains are implemented using pegging.

Pegged sidechains are two independent blockchains that support cross-chain swaps. Users can send cryptocurrency to a set address on one chain and release cryptocurrency on the other. This provides the ability to take advantage of different features on different chains.

Sidechains are built out of completely independent blockchains that are linked in some way. Each blockchain has the same security concerns as a traditional blockchain, but (Read more...)

Continued here:
Blockchain: Beyond the Basics - Security Boulevard

Top Tips On How To Build Your Own Chat App – Techiexpert.com – TechiExpert.com

From Whatsapp to Viber, Chat apps have become extremely popular in the last few years. Today, just about every person that owns a mobile phone is using some instant-messaging app. If you are interested in building a chat app, you may want to create a standalone app or adding the app to an existing service or product.

The recommended approach to launching your chat app involves first launching its MVP, which stands for Minimal Viable Product. Whatsapp used this method, presenting the most important features to attract the interest of users. From here, you can continue to develop the app by capitalizing on the feedback from users. In this way, it becomes easier to follow a confident and careful path to build your chat app, lower the initial development costs, and learn more about your impression on the market.

When using Whatsapp as an example, this is one of the instant messaging apps that allow an exchange of video, audio messages, and text between multiple users or two users. This application uses XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). This is a completely decentralized protocol that makes WhatsApp extremely secure. If you use chat API from CometChat, all you have to do is configure it and start using it in your app. Chat APIs and SDKs are compatible with the different operating systems and easy to work with. With time they also get upgraded through which you have access to new features.

Like other app types, it is possible to create your chat app using a set of basic features. Here is a list of the functionality that should be included in the app.

Authorization is the first step involved in creating a chat app. There are different sign-up features you can choose. Some of these examples include authorization via the phone number, email, or social media. You can choose only to support one of these authorizations. However, it makes much more sense not to limit your users to just one authorization method. It is advisable to create your chat app to support all the options allowing your users to select the most convenient method for them.

If you would like to create a chat app that will not annoy your users, this a feature you should include. Importing contacts should happen automatically. Your chat app should include a function that scans the contact in the users contact book, followed by importing these to a server.

Another feature that you may want to include when building your messaging app is to allow users to automatically view their contacts using the messaging app already and who they can contact through this app. You can also ask your developer to allow your users to easily import their contacts from other platforms such as social media.

It is not possible to build a chat app without a messaging feature. This is the main part of any messenger application. Implementing a messaging feature will depend on the architecture type that you have decided to use.

Client-Server Messenger Application Vs. Server-Based Chat App

This is an app that will store all the messages onto a server. If you have chosen this chat type, keep in mind that every interaction between the server and users must occur via the HTTPS protocol, and they must be encrypted using an SSL certificate.

Since these are the type of applications that require interaction with servers, it becomes necessary to ensure the pulling interval is minimal. This interval should be around 1-2 seconds. This is among the methods used on how to create a chat app that allows for instant messaging that occurs between users.

These are applications that can also feature added layers of protection. An example of this is cryptography that encrypts every message sent from a server to a recipient.

These are the apps that do not use a server for storing messages. When users send messages, they are authenticated by a central server and then encrypted using what is known as an Asymmetric Cryptography Algorithm, which is also known as public-key cryptography. Messages are delivered to recipients through a wireless mesh network.

When considering how to create a chat or messaging app that users will enjoy, you may want to implement this option. A file-sharing feature allows your users to exchange videos, images, documents, and other content types with others.

You can implement this feature in two different ways. The first is to allow users to send files or content from internal storage or a gallery. The second way is to allow users to take videos or photos directly from your app, allowing them to instantly send these captured moments to a friend or family member.

The features mentioned above are essential for any chatting app. Your app can also include enhanced features that will allow for advanced possibilities.

If you are searching for the easiest solution on how to create a chat app that users are going to love, there are no silver bullets. It is advisable not to duplicate features used by the most popular and trending chatting apps. Instead, try creating unique user experiences by offering exclusive and uncommon features that may appeal to your users.

The rest is here:
Top Tips On How To Build Your Own Chat App - Techiexpert.com - TechiExpert.com

Hedging Risk in DeFi Through Real Assets Is The Next Step In DeFi’s Development, According the Founder Of MakerDAO… – TheTradable

The DeFi explosion has generated various assets that can scale the collateral portfolio. All this will help to drive secure coins out and ensure strong stability costs.

Main risks of DeFi ecosystems

The main problem with DeFi is that funds don't have a real value, in terms of the fact that there is no real-world object behind them. The whole ecosystem boils down to the fact that some wrappers are changed to other more secure wrappers with more liquidity.

The founder of MakerDAO, Rune Christensen,believes that the next stage in the development of DeFi will be the introduction of real-world assets as collateral and hedging position risks.

The Advantages of such Hedging

Real estate is considered to have a more stable price model than other assets. Moreover, real estate has a clear link in space and in a materialized form. Tokenization of real-world objects will lead to faster and more flexible management of rating positions in the DeFi ecosystem.

Rune offers a broad system of real estate assets that are located in different jurisdictions. This should be created in case the government of one of the countries where the property is located imposes a moratorium on the use of real estate as collateral and tokenization.

But the tokenization of real assets in the blockchain is not a new development. Right now there is an immovable boom and in the world of cryptography, that is taking shape. The Sandbox is one of the blockchain games most exciting in the future.The Winklevoss brothers also said that it was time for DeFi to flourish.

A famous billionaire and a cryptoinvestor thinks the DeFi sector is far more developed and real than it was in 2017.

More here:
Hedging Risk in DeFi Through Real Assets Is The Next Step In DeFi's Development, According the Founder Of MakerDAO... - TheTradable

Julian Assange of WikiLeaks at "very high" risk of suicide attempt if U.S. extradition bid successful, psychiatrist tells court – CBS News

London WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange complained of hearing imaginary voices and music while detained in a high-security British prison, a psychiatrist who has interviewed him told his extradition hearing on Tuesday. Michael Kopelman, a psychiatrist who has interviewed Assange around 20 times, said the former hacker would be a "very high" suicide risk if he were extradited to the United States for leaking military secrets.

He cited as evidence Assange's "severe depression" and "psychotic symptoms," which included auditory hallucinations while in solitary confinement in his cell at the high-security Belmarsh Prison in southwest London.

Kopelman told the Old Bailey court in central London that Assange said he hallucinated music and voices saying "you are dust, you are dead, we are coming to get you".

Assange's suicidal impulses "arise out of clinical factors... but it is the imminence of extradition that will trigger the attempt," he added, warning "he will deteriorate substantially" if extradited.

Assange's partner Stella Moris has previously said she feared he would take his own life, leaving their two young sons without a father.

James Lewis, representing the U.S. government, quizzed Kopelman over the veracity of some of Assange's claims, suggesting he may have made them up.

Assange faces 18 charges under the U.S. Espionage Act relating to the 2010 release by WikiLeaks of 500,000 secret files detailing aspects of U.S. military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Washington claims he helped intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning to steal the documents before exposing confidential sources around the world.

If convicted, Assange who has been held at Belmarsh for the last 16 months could be jailed for up to 175 years.

U.S. authorities recently laid out new evidence, alleging that Assange and others at the whistleblowing site recruited hackers.

The extradition hearing is the latest in a series of legal battles faced by Assange since the leaks a decade ago.

In 2010, he faced allegations of sexual assault and rape in Sweden, which he denied.

He was in Britain at the time but dodged an attempt to extradite him to Sweden by claiming political asylum in Ecuador's embassy in London.

For seven years he lived in a small apartment in the embassy, but after a change of government in Ecuador, Quito lost patience with its guest and turned him over to British police in April 2019.

See the rest here:
Julian Assange of WikiLeaks at "very high" risk of suicide attempt if U.S. extradition bid successful, psychiatrist tells court - CBS News

The true cost of resistance: Consider what happened to Julian Assange and Roger Hallam – Salon

Two of the rebels I admire most,Julian Assange, the WikiLeaks publisher, andRoger Hallam, the co-founder of Extinction Rebellion, are in jail in Britain. That should not be surprising. You can measure the effectiveness of resistance by the fury of the response. Julian courageously exposed the lies, deceit, war crimes and corruption of the ruling imperial elites. Roger has helped organized the largest acts of mass civil disobedience in British history, shutting down parts of London for weeks, in a bid to wrest power from a ruling class that has done nothing, and will do nothing, to halt the climate emergency and our death march to mass extinction.

The governing elites, when truly threatened, turn the rule of law into farce. Dissent becomes treason. They use the state mechanisms of control intelligence agencies, police, courts, black propaganda and a compliant press that acts as their echo chamber, along with the jails and prisons not only to marginalize and isolate rebels, but to psychologically and physically destroy them. The list of rebels silenced or killed by ruling elites runs in a direct line from Socrates to the Haitian resistance leader Toussaint L'Ouverture, who led the only successful slave revolt in human history and died in a frigid French prison cell of malnutrition and exhaustion, to the imprisonment of socialist Eugene V. Debs, whose health was also broken in a federal prison. Rebel leaders from the 1960s, includingMumia Abu-Jamal,Sundiata Acoli, Kojo Bomani Sababu, Mutulu Shakur andLeonard Peltier, remain, decades later, in U.S. prisons. Muslim activists, including those who led the charityThe Holy Land FoundationandSyed Fahad Hashmi, were arrested, often at the request of the Israeli government, after the hysteria following 9/11, and given tawdry show trials. They also remain incarcerated.

Resistance, genuine resistance, exacts a very, very high price. Those in power drop even the pretense of justice when they face an existential threat. Most rebels, like Ernesto "Che" Guevara, and the tens of thousands of rebels the U.S. has had kidnapped, disappeared and brutally tortured and killed throughout American history, end up as martyrs.

Once a rebel is caged, the state uses its absolute control and array of dark arts to break them. Julian, whose extradition hearing is underway in London, and who spent seven years trapped as a political prisoner in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, is taken from his cell in the high security Belmarsh Prison at 5a.m. He is handcuffed, put in holding cells, stripped naked and X-rayed. He is transported an hour and a half each way to court in a police van that resembles a dog cage on wheels. He is held in a glass box at the back of court during the proceedings, often unable to consult with his lawyers. He has difficulty hearing the proceedings. He is routinely denied access to the documents in his case and is openly taunted in court by the judge.

It does not matter that Julian, who is being prosecuted under the 1917 Espionage Act, is not a U.S. citizen. It does not matter that WikiLeaks, which he founded and publishes, is not a U.S.-based publication. The ominous message the U.S. government is sending is clear: No matter who or where you are, if you expose the inner workings of empire you will be hunted down, kidnapped and brought to the U.S. to be tried as a spy and imprisoned for life. The empire intends to beunaccountable, untouchable and unexamined.

The U.S. created in the so-called "war on terror" parallel legal and penal codes to railroad dissidents and rebels into prison. These rebels are held in prolonged solitary confinement, creating deep psychological distress. They are prosecuted under special administrative measures, known as SAMs, to prevent or severely restrict communication with other prisoners, attorneys, family members, the media and people outside the jail. They are denied access to the news and other reading material. They are barred from participating in educational and religious activities in the prison. They are subject to 24-hour electronic monitoring and 23-hour lockdown. They must shower and go to the bathroom on camera. They are permitted to write one letter a week to a single member of their family, but cannot use more than three pieces of paper. They often have no access to fresh air and must take the one hour of recreation in a cage that looks like a giant hamster wheel.

The U.S. has set up a segregated facility, the Communication Management Unit, at the federal prison in Terre Haute, Indiana. Nearly all the inmates transferred to Terre Haute are Muslims. A second facility has been set up at Marion, Illinois, where the inmates again are mostly Muslim but also include a sprinkling of animal rights and environmental activists. Their sentences are arbitrarily lengthened by "terrorism enhancements" under the Patriot Act. Amnesty International has called the Marion prison facility "inhumane." All calls and mail although communication customarily is off-limits to prison officials are monitored in these two Communication Management Units. Communication among prisoners is required to be only in English. The highest-level "terrorists" are housed at the Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility, known as Supermax, in Florence, Colorado, where prisoners have almost no human interaction, physical exercise or mental stimulation. It is Guantnamo-like conditions in colder weather.

Julian is already very fragile. His psychological and physical distress include dramatic weight loss, severe respiratory problems, joint problems, dental decay, chronic anxiety, intense, constant stress resulting in an inability to relax or focus, and episodes of mental confusion. These symptoms indicate, as Nils Melzer, the UNspecial rapporteur on torture who met and examined Julian in prison has stated, that he is suffering from prolonged psychological torture.

If Julian is extradited to the U.S. to face 17 charges under the Espionage Act, each carrying a potential 10-year sentence, which appears likely, he will continue to be psychologically and physically abused to break him. He will be tried in the burlesque of a kangaroo court with "secret" evidence, familiar to Black and Muslim radicals as well as rebels such as Jeremy Hammond, sentenced to 10 years in prison for hacking into the computers and making public the emails of a private security firm that works on behalf of the government, including the Department of Homeland Security, and corporations such as Dow Chemical.

Roger is being held inPentonville Prisonin London, which was built in 1842 and is in disrepair. He is charged with breaking bail conditions over an action that saw activists throw paint on the walls of the four major British political parties, as well as conspiracy to cause criminal damage. A Green Party member leaked to the British police a recorded Zoom discussion Roger hadwith three other members of Burning Pink, an anti-political party organized to create citizen assemblies to replace ruling governing bodies, as they discussed upcoming actions. The homes of the four activists on the Zoom meeting along with Roger, they were Blyth Brentnall, Diana Warner, Ferhat Ulusu and Anglican priest Steven Nunn were raided on Aug.25. Their electronic devices were confiscated by police and they were arrested.

Roger is housed in a dirty, vermin-infested cell and denied books and visitors. A vegan, he is forced to live on a diet of cold cereal and bread. On many days there is no hot food served in the prison. Violent altercations within the prison are commonplace. The overcrowded cells often lack lighting and heat. He has no change of clothes and has been unable to wash the clothes he is wearing for weeks. He stuffs bedsheets and paper in the cracks of the door to block mice and cockroaches. The toilet in his cell has no seat, is covered in excrement and does not flush properly. He goes days without access to the outside. His reading glasses are broken. He is waiting on a request for tape to fix them. The COVID-19 pandemic is in the prison. Two of the staff have died from the virus. Roger could be imprisoned in these conditions until February, if he is denied bail in a hearing scheduled for this week.

Roger's arrest came as Extinction Rebellion was planning ablockade of the printing presses of News Corps Printworks, which prints several major British newspapers, including The Times, Sun on Sunday, Sunday Times, The Daily Mail and The London Evening Standard. The blockade took place on Sept.4 to protest the failure of thosenews outlets to accurately report on the climate and ecological emergency. The blockade delayed distribution of the papers by several hours.

"The days of standing up to tyranny have long faded,"Roger writes from prison. "The life-and-death struggle against Hitler and fascism is consigned to the history books. Today's liberal classes believe only in one thing: maintaining their privilege. Their one priority is power. The number one rule is: preserve our careers, our institutions at all cost. The historical rule number one of fighting evil is the willingness to lose your career and to risk the closing down of your institution. The prospect of death and destruction is lost in a postmodernist haze. Leadership has decayed into sitting behind a desk, following public relations protocols (otherwise known as lying). Leading from the front, the first to go to prison Martin Luther King-style died with the passing of the World War II generation."

"The game is up," Roger continued. "The old alliance with the liberal classes is dead. New forms of revolutionary initiative and leadership are rising up. Members of the new political party Burning Pink have thrown paint at the doors of the NGOs and political parties calling for open dialogue and public debate. The response, true to form, has been a lethal and deafening silence. We are now in prison from where I write this article after a Green Party member recorded a Zoom call and passed it to the police. We have not been let out for exercise for the first five days. We have no kettle, no pillows, no visits. But we don't give a shit. We are doing something about Evil."

Read the rest here:
The true cost of resistance: Consider what happened to Julian Assange and Roger Hallam - Salon