from the sure-hope-'the-children'-are-grateful-for-the-shitty-future-being-handed dept

Politicians -- those motivated by the notion of "doing something" -- want to end encryption. They don't want this to affect their communications and data security. But they don't see the harm in stripping these protections from the general public. Often, the argument is nothing better than "only criminals want end-to-end encryption," something they trot out as a truism despite plenty of evidence to the contrary.

But these politicians (and government officials) are cowards. They refuse to call a backdoor a backdoor. They come up with all sorts of euphemisms while pretending compliance with proposed laws won't result in the creation of backdoors that can be exploited by everyone, not just the "good guys." They also deploy other euphemisms to attack encryption that protects millions of members of the public, referring to good encryption as "warrant-proof" or "military-grade." Those terms never survive examination, but the narrative persists because most members of the public have no interest in closely examining falsehoods uttered by governments.

The UK government has expressed an unhealthy determination to undermine encryption for years now. It has the fanciest of plans to undo protections enjoyed by UK residents for reason ranging from "the children" to "the terrorists." The underlying intent never changes even if the name on the office doors do. Regulators come and go but the desire remains. Even the bills get renamed, as though a different shade of lipstick would make the UK's anti-encryption pig any more desirable.

Rebranding from "Online Harms" to "Online Safety" only changed the tablecloths in the Titanic's dining room. The UK government wants encryption dead. But presumably "safety" sounds better than "harms," especially when the government affirmatively wants to harm the safety of millions of UK residents.

The Internet Society has taken a look at the revamped and rebranded bill and has delivered a report [PDF] that explains exactly where on the Internet doll the UK government plans to engage in inappropriate touching. There's no mention of backdoors or broken encryption, but complying with the law means possibly doing both.

The draft Online Safety Bill places a duty of care on service providers within the scope of the draft bill to moderate illegal and harmful content on their platforms, with fines and penalties for those that fail to uphold this duty. The only way for service providers that offer end-to-end encryption to comply with this duty of care would be to remove or weaken the encryption that they offer.

That's the end result of these demands. But the politicians and regulators pushing this are unwilling to directly refer to the harms the bill will cause. There's no ban on end-to-end encryption. There's no mandate for backdoors. Instead, the bill hopes to achieve these ends by applying regulatory pressure that makes both of these outcomes unavoidable.

Service providers deploying end-to-end encryption obviously cannot see the content of communications between users. The UK government says that's no longer acceptable. Providers need to be proactive in preventing the spread of certain content. That leaves them with only one option.

Ofcom can require that service providers use accredited technology to identify harmful content and swiftly take down that content. To comply with this requirement and fulfil their duty of care, service providers will likely need to resort to upload filters and other mechanisms that may interfere with the use of end-to-end encryption.

Basically, the same thing that saw Apple catch a considerable amount of heat will be expected to be standard operating procedure for any tech company doing business in the UK. Client-side filtering is the most efficient way to prevent the uploading and sharing of "harmful content." Shutting it off at the source means either invading devices or removing at least one end of the end-to-end encryption. And once those options are available, it will only be a matter of time before the UK government starts demanding access to unencrypted devices and/or messages.

And the UK government has specifically cited Apple's now-defunct plans to strip protections it previously extended to users and device owners as evidence the proposed law is a net gain for society.

[I]n the Daily Telegraph article announcing the Safety Challenge Fund, Home Secretary Priti Patel points to Apples client-side scanning proposal as a positive example, raising concerns about the criteria for evaluating Challenge Fund proposals.

In its quest for easy wins, the UK government is ignoring the long-term fallout of these demands. While it may have no problem stripping UK residents of strong data and communication protections, it may find it more difficult to talk powerful businesses into accepting less-than-solid protections for their financial interactions and transmission of sensitive proprietary info. And government employees still rely heavily on third-party contractors for communication services and data transmission/storage. These same employees also rely on devices and cell phones manufactured by companies that will now be forced to make their products less secure for everyone who uses them.

Everyone loses. But the people who will lose more and lose it faster simply don't matter. Before the cold reality of broken encryption hits home for politicians, they'll have already collected the PR wins needed to secure more terms in office. And with more time comes more power. Eventually, the UK government may find a way to exempt it from the impositions placed on the private sector, elevating them above the people they serve. In the end, very little will have actually been done to address the problems (child exploitation, terrorism) cited to justify these impositions. The only guarantee is that devices, communication services, and the internet at large will be expected to make huge sacrifices in service to the UK government's talking points.

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Filed Under: backdoors, encryption, end-to-end encryption, going dark, online harms, online safety, online safety bill, uk

Read the original here:
UK Government Apparently Hoping It Can Regulate End-To-End Encryption Out Of Existence - Techdirt

This tutorial is about the How to Enable End-to-End Encrypted Chat Backups on WhatsApp. We will try our best so that you understand this guide. I hope you like this blog How to Enable End-to-End Encrypted Chat Backups on WhatsApp. If your answer is yes then please do share after reading this.

WhatsApp has offered end-to-end encrypted chats for quite some time. While this ensured that no one except the sender and recipient could read the messages in transit, the chat backup feature on the platform had a major security flaw that allowed third parties to view conversations between people. To address this issue, WhatsApp recently introduced end-to-end encryption for cloud backups, further protecting your iCloud and Google Drive backups to prevent unauthorized access to your chat backups. .

However, unlike end-to-end encryption, encrypted backup is not enabled by default. You need to manually enable it if you want to add an extra layer of security to your WhatsApp backups. To help you with this process, here is an article that explains the rationale behind protecting WhatsApp backups with encryption and details the steps to enable end-to-end encryption for WhatsApp backups on Android and iOS. .

Until WhatsApp introduced end-to-end encryption for backups, all WhatsApp backups in Google Drive and iCloud were stored in an unencrypted format. This created a loophole that third parties (individuals or agencies) could exploit to access conversations between two parties and negated the benefits of end-to-end encryption for chats in the first place. Amidst the growing controversy and growing concern over user data, WhatsApp finally took a stand and introduced end-to-end encrypted chat backups on the platform. While End-to-End Encryption (E2EE), by definition, refers to the encryption of data in transit between devices (usually from one client device to another), it does not apply to data at rest.

However, WhatsApp end-to-end encrypted backup is achieved by generating a unique encryption key to encrypt your chat backup on the device, while uploading the encrypted backup to the on-device storage. cloud (Google Drive or iCloud) as before. After that, you will be provided with two options to secure the encryption key for the backup. One option is to back up the key manually and the other is to protect it with a user password. In the first option, if you want to recover your WhatsApp backup, you will need to manually enter the 64-digit key to decrypt and access your backup.

I hope you understand this article How to Enable End-to-End Encrypted Chat Backups on WhatsApp, if your answer is no then you can ask anything via contact forum section related to this article. And if your answer is yes then please share this article with your family and friends.

More here:
How to Enable End-to-End Encrypted Chat Backups on WhatsApp - BollyInside

The latest research report provides a complete assessment of the Global Mobile Encryption market for the forecast year 2022-2031, which is beneficial for companies regardless of their size and revenue. This Survey report covering the major market insights and industry approach towards COVID-19 in the upcoming years. The Mobile Encryption market report presents data and information on the development of the investment structure, technological improvements, market trends and developments, capabilities, and comprehensive information on the key players of the Mobile Encryption market. The worldwide market strategies undertaken, with respect to the current and future scenario of the industry, have also been listed in the study.

The report begins with a brief presentation and overview of the Mobile Encryption market, about the current market landscape, market trends, major market players, product type, application, and region. It also includes the impact of COVID-19 on the global Mobile Encryption market trends, future forecasts, growth opportunities, end-user industries, and market players. It also provides historical data, current market scenario and future insights on Mobile Encryption market.

See how the report methodology work for the report | request sample report: https://market.us/report/mobile-encryption-market/request-sample/

*** NOTE: Our team of industry researchers are studying Covid19 and its impact on the growth of the Mobile Encryptionmarket and where necessary we will consider the Covid-19 footmark for better analysis of the market and industries. Contact us cogently for more detailed information.***

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of market value with the product price, demand, gross margin, and supply of the Mobile Encryption market. The competitive perspective section of the report presents a clear insight into the market share analysis of the major players in the industry.

The major vendors covered: BeiJing Zhiyou Wangan Tech. Co. Ltd, Mobileiron, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, CSG, T-Systems International, IBM, Check Point Software Technologies Ltd., Proofpoint Inc, McAfee(Intel Corporation), Dell, Silent C, ESET, Blackberry, Inc, Sophos and Symantec Corp.

Figure Show Graphical Representation of Global Market:

Research analysts take the demand and size of the market and further validate themselves with the market experts. In addition, raw materials and instrumentation and demand analysis are managed downstream. The researchers focused on the new purposes of the market and implemented a comprehensive study of current market situations.

Mobile Encryption market research report will be sympatheticfor:

Request For Covid-19 Impact Analysis On Mobile Encryption Market:https://market.us/request-covid-19/?report_id=18634

Mobile Encryption Market Segments Evaluated in the Report:

Competitive Spectrum Top Companies Participating in the Mobile Encryption Market are:

IncHewlett Packard EnterpriseProofpoint IncSilent C and McAfee(Intel Corporation)BlackberryT-Systems InternationalESETSophosSymantec CorpCheck Point Software Technologies Ltd.DellIBMMobileironBeiJing Zhiyou Wangan Tech. Co. LtdCSG

Mobile Encryption Product Overview:

Disk EncryptionFile/Folder EncryptionCommunication EncryptionCloud Encryption

Classified Applications of Mobile Encryption :

BFSIHealthcare and RetailGovernment and Public SectorTelecommunications and IT

Key regions divided during this report:

Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask Our Industry Expert@https://market.us/report/mobile-encryption-market/#inquiry

The objectives of the Mobile Encryption market study are:

Mobile Encryption Overview Market Status and Future Forecast 2020 to 2029

Mobile Encryption Market report discussed product developments, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, R&D projects are mentioned

Mobile Encryption Market Details on Opportunities and Challenges, Restrictions and Risks, Market Drivers, Challenges.

General competitive scenario, including the main market players, their growth targets, expansions, deals.

Detailed Description of Mobile Encryption Market Manufacturers, Sales, Revenue, Market Share, and Recent Developments for Key Players.

To analyze and research the Mobile Encryption market by regions, type, companies, and applications.

The Mobile Encryption market research is sourced for experts in both primary and developed statistics and includes qualitative and quantitative details. The analysis is derived Manufacturers experts work around the clock to recognize current circumstances, such as COVID-19, the possible financial reversal, the impact of a trade slowdown, the importance of the limitation on export and import, and all the other factors that may increase or decrease market growth during the forecast period.

Top world investment report by Market.us: https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/search?keyword=market.us

TOC Highlights:

Chapter 1. Introduction

The Mobile Encryption research work report covers a brief introduction to the global market. this segment provides opinions of key participants, an audit of Mobile Encryption industry, outlook across key regions, financial services and various challenges faced by Mobile Encryption Market. This section depends on the Scope of the Study and Report Guidance.

Chapter 2. Outstanding Report Scope

This is the second most important chapter, which covers market segmentation along with a definition of Mobile Encryption. It defines the entire scope of the Mobile Encryption report and the various facets it is describing.

Chapter 3. Market Dynamics and Key Indicators

This chapter includes key dynamics focusing on drivers[ Includes Globally Growing Mobile Encryption Prevalence and Increasing Investments in Mobile Encryption], Key Market Restraints[High Cost of Mobile Encryption], opportunities [Emerging Markets in Developing Countries] and also presented in detail the emerging trends [Consistent Launch of New Screening Products] growth challenges, and influence factors shared in this latest report.

Chapter 4. Type Segments

This Mobile Encryption market report shows the market growth for various types of products marketed by the most comprehensive companies.

Chapter 5. Application Segments

The examiners who wrote the report have fully estimated the market potential of key applications and recognized future opportunities.

Chapter 6. Geographic Analysis

Each regional market is carefully scrutinized to understand its current and future growth, development, and demand scenarios for this market.

Chapter 7. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Mobile Encryption Market

7.1 North America: Insight On COVID-19 Impact Study2021-2030

7.2 Europe: Serves Complete Insight On COVID-19 Impact Study 2021-2030

7.3 Asia-Pacific: Potential Impact of COVID-19 (2021-2030)

7.4 Rest of the World: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic

Chapter 8. Manufacturing Profiles

The major players in the Mobile Encryption market are detailed in the report based on their market size, market served, products, applications, regional growth, and other factors.

Chapter 9. Pricing Analysis

This chapter provides price point analysis by region and other forecasts.

Chapter 10. North America Mobile Encryption Market Analysis

This chapter includes an assessment on Mobile Encryption product sales across major countries of the United States and Canada along with detailed segmental outlook across these countries for the forecasted period 2021-2030.

Chapter 11. Latin America Mobile Encryption Market Analysis

Major countries of Brazil, Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Mexico are assessed apropos to the adoption of Mobile Encryption.

Chapter 12. Europe Mobile Encryption Market Analysis

Market Analysis of Mobile Encryption report includes insights on supply-demand and sales revenue of Mobile Encryption across Germany, France, United Kingdom, Spain, BENELUX, Nordic and Italy.

Browse Full Report with Facts and Figures ofMobile EncryptionMarket Report at:https://market.us/report/mobile-encryption-market/

Chapter 13. Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ) Mobile Encryption Market Analysis

Countries of Greater China, ASEAN, India, and Australia & New Zealand are assessed and sales assessment of Mobile Encryption in these countries is covered.

Chapter 14. Middle East and Africa (MEA) Mobile Encryption Market Analysis

This chapter focuses on Mobile Encryption market scenario across GCC countries, Israel, South Africa, and Turkey.

Chapter 15. Research Methodology

The research methodology chapter includes the following main facts,

15.1 Coverage

15.2 Secondary Research

15.3 Primary Research

Chapter16. Conclusion

Many More

Contact Person: Mr. Lawrence John

Phone: +1 718 618 4351or mail us at:inquiry@market.us

Website:https://market.us/

Market.us Blog: https://techmarketreports.com/

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Excerpt from:
Mobile Encryption Market 2022 Trending Technologies Based on Historical Development and Future Forecast to 2031 - Taiwan News

In this article we review with you the frequency of the new channel Al-Jazeera 2022 on the Nilesat satellite, in HD quality without encryption. Where, through the frequency of the first terrestrial channel in Algeria, you can follow the Africa Cup matches for free and without encryption. The first Algerian terrestrial channel is considered one of the most outstanding free and open Arab sports channels that broadcasts its frequencies on the Nilesat satellite. Meanwhile, the channel recently announced the broadcast of the 2022 African Championship matches, coinciding with the opening of the African Nations Championship matches on Sunday, January 9. The search for the new frequency of the Algerian terrestrial channel intensified with the start of the tournament matches. Especially since it is one of the important channels in the sports media scene.

The frequency of the first Algerian terrestrial channel on the Nilesat satellite plans to broadcast today the match between Morocco and Ghana of the first round of the 2022 African Cup of Nations. The match between Guinea and Malawi will also be broadcast. And the game of the Gabon national team against the Comoros today, on the Algerian land channel. This is after the channel announced that it owns the rights to broadcast the Africa Cup of Nations matches for free in HD quality.

The frequency of the first Algerian terrestrial channel is considered unencrypted. It is important to many. Because it varies in the development of the programs and tournaments it offers. Until becoming a kiss for fans and fans of the football witch, as well as supporters of the games and events of the African Cup of Nations 2022.

The Algerian terrestrial channel is one of the channels that has become famous in recent times, especially because it is one of the free and open channels that are licensed to broadcast African Nations 2022 matches and events. And that is on the Nilesat satellite . . Below we review with you the frequency of the Algerian terrestrial channel and how to operate and watch it.

You can, through the transmission signal, on the frequency of the Algerian terrestrial channel in Nilesat. Follow the games of the Africa Cup of Nations 2022 for free. through the following frequency

The frequency of the Algerian terrestrial channel Nilesat

In the following lines, we will review with you the highlights of Algerias first terrestrial HD channel. Where the channel broadcasts the Algerian Football League competition. Also, the Algerian Handball League. In addition to the Algerian Basketball League competition. In addition to the Algerian Volleyball League competition. This is in addition to the broadcast of the matches of the Algerian national team competition.

The Algerian television channel Al-Ard has recently been interested in broadcasting the different matches of the African Cup of Nations 2022. Its activities began last night, Sunday, January 9, 2022. It is currently being held in the African country of Cameroon . It is expected to continue its activity until next February. The tournament began yesterday with the opening match between Cameroon and Burkina Faso, as well as Ethiopia and Cape Verde. Today there will be strong competition between Selection of Morocco and selection of Ghana. Which will be played in the framework of the first round of the group stage of the African Cup of Nations.

Follow this link:
Without encryption, the frequency of the new first Algerian terrestrial channel 2022 on the Nilesat satellite to follow the games of the African Cup...

by Shigeru, CryptogramVenture FoF Research Fellow

If you have an iPhone and happen to be a fan or active participant of Solanas systems and apps, you may feel a sense of deja vu when you use them separately at many moments.

Do Solana and iOS have a lot in common? It just seems like a hunch. However, after analyzing and comparing the two carefully from the historical and current perspectives, I got an astonishing finding: the previous intuition may be incredibly close to some type of truth. Moreover, a bold prediction came to my mind: one day in the future, Solana may become the iOS in the encrypted world.

In my view, although iOS and Solana belong to the Internet and encrypted worlds, respectively, they share the same logic of the first principle that supports their development.The following conclusions were jointly organized by CGV FOF research team.

User experience, as the core competitiveness of a product, has been mentioned repeatedly. Due to Apples relentless efforts for the ultimate user experience, iOS seems to be always smoother than Android.

Virtual keyboard was not created by iPhone. Microsoft, Palm, and other smartphone manufacturers have tried to promote smartphones with the full touch screen, but iPhone overcame the technical difficulties in capacitive touch screen, multi-touch, improving the screen touch experience to an untouchable level.

For instance, iOS gives first priority for screen response, and it responds to TouchMediaServiceCore architecture in order. Simply put, when the user touches the screen, the system will first handle the screen display (Touch); while the priority response level of Android is ApplicationFrameworkLibraryKernel architecture, and display-related graphics and image processing (Library) are only in the third level. There are a host of similar factors, which directly cause a huge difference in user experience between iOS and Android.

Similarly, although Solana is not the first underlying public chain, it has attracted an increasing number of crypto developers and users by providing extremely high TPS and low transaction fees, breaking through the biggest development constraint that most public chains face in the same period.

Performance comparison between Solana and other mainstream public chains

Data source: RareLiquid

For instance, Solana can deal with over 50,000 transactions per second while maintaining a block time of 400 milliseconds, and improve the TPS based on Moores Law, thus providing a good predictability of TPS scaling. Additionally, Solanas low transaction fees are impressive, that is, estimated $10 for 1 million transactions.

Among them, Solanas core consensus mechanism is Proof of History (PoH), which aims to solve the time problem in a distributed network that lacks a single reliable time source. By using a verifiable delay function, PoH allows each node to generate timestamps locally via SHA256 calculations, which improves overall network efficiency by eliminating the need to broadcast timestamps across the time network.

The user experience of public chains can be reflected by the number of crypto wallets and the frequency of use. Take Phantom, one of the most popular wallets on Solana, as an example, it almost integrates all the features of the Solana ecosystem, including token swaps, collection of NFTs and collectibles, connection to hardware wallets, anti-monitoring, Web3.0 support, and the obtainment of incomes through pledging SOL.

Solana Phantom & Ethereum Metamask monthly active users

Data source: Grayscale Building Blocks

Relying on the excellent one-stop experience, Phantom has become the preferred wallet for the users of Solana, with the monthly active users exceeding 1.2 million. During the two months from August to October 2021, the users of Solana on Phantom increased by 5 times.

The user interface (UI), as a human-computer interaction window for offering various functions required by users, determines whether the software or product is intuitive for users to operate.

iOS has a tight system for platform UI design specifications. From buttons to icon styles, and from image size to resolution, they all require special customization. In this way, it not only unifies the styles of various programs but also helps users to get accustomed to the way of using iOS software. Nowadays, the rounded rectangular design, with only one button on the front and the rest completely covered by a glass panel, has become the iconic design of the iPhone.

The project team should pay attention to UI design whether in the field of Internet, blockchain, or encryption. Besides, a user-oriented UI design will make the product more popular and sell better. Dr. Nielsen, an expert in human-computer interaction, claimed that usability is a prerequisite for survival in the field of the Internet. If a website is difficult to use, then users will immediately abandon it.

Some people say that when they buy tokens, they only look at the logo of the project. Though just a joke, it illustrates the importance of the visual design of the project. The logo of Solana reveals that its team that pays attention to details and has good aesthetic skills.

The logo color of Solana is a gradient from green to purple. Similar colors can be found in nature, such as the aurora borealis, mysterious and elegant. In addition, many cyberpunk-themed sci-fi movies often use purple, green, and blue in their images, reflecting the prospects of Solanas innovative blockchain technology development.

Solana ecosystem (DeFi fields)

Data source: Solanians

Many Solana projects, at first glance, seem to be designed by the same designer, with a very consistent experience in terms of color matching, interface design, and interaction design. The interface is intuitive, concise, and easy to operate. Users can easily operate Solana without much training, as they can understand the functions on the interface at a glance after using the software.

According to CGV FOF, On a well-known Solana IDO platform, the UI performance of a project is given a high assessment priority when reviewing the project. It seems that Solana improves users acceptance of Solana from the top down through its incubation and support of projects with outstanding UI.

Based on the second law of thermodynamics, isolated systems have no energy exchange with the environment and always change spontaneously in the direction of increasing disorder (entropy), i.e., the principle of increase of entropy. In view of this phenomenon, Prigogine, winner of The Nobel Prize in chemistry, proposed that the system must be open to transferring from a disordered state to an ordered structure, that is, the system must exchange matter and energy with the outside world.

The opening of the business ecosystem requires core companies to enable partners to have access to their resources and capabilities, attract them to join the ecosystem, and achieve value co-creation through mutual empowerment.

Since its inception, Apple has attached great importance to external empowerment, providing external developers with powerful development kits and allowing them to connect users through the app store, thus giving birth to a large number of popular apps such as Instagram, Snapchat, Uber, and WhatsApp. Compared with other platforms, Apples release mechanism for developers apps is fairer and more reasonable. The download ranking data on the software store is true and reliable, which has created a good competition system and environment for developers, making developers grasp an accurate understanding of what their users really want.

Solana has also devoted a great deal of effort to ecological construction. Solana has a long-term funding plan to provide excellent projects with a full range of resource support, including targeted funding, VC referrals, technical support, recruitment support, marketing, and legal resources.

Development of Solana and other mainstream public chains for active developers

Data source: Santiment

Take the hackathon for example. In 2021, Solana officially held three global hackathons. The most recent hackathon, with a prize pool of $1 million, over 15,000 registrants, and more than 300 projects submitted by developers across the world, attracted the attention and support of a host of developers and generated a series of quality Solana native apps.

Furthermore, it is worth noting that 90-95% of the hackathon developers expressed their willingness to carry out long-term development on Solana. These talented developers will constantly power the Solana ecosystem.

It may be a bit radical to say that Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, changed the world, but it is fair to say that he was synonymous with the spirit of innovation pursued by the United States and all mankind.

Jobs was a giant standing at the intersection of technology and humanities. His combination of idealism and perfectionism enabled Apple to take a completely different route from the traditional industry.

Take simplicity as an example, Steve Jobs love of minimalism and his exposure to Buddhism, let people directly know their heart without words, exerted a great impact on Apples no button design. In addition to pursuing minimalism in product design, Jobs took the initiative to eliminate many product lines and only launched 1-2 products each year, with the best quality.

In my opinion, Jobs was to Apple what Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) is to Solana. I dont mean to deny Solanas incredible team, which is just as respected as Apples tens of thousands of talented engineers and development teams.

SBF was placed on Forbess list of the richest people in the world 2021

Data source: Forbes

Initially, SBF was a trader and spent his early days at Jane Street, a quantitative giant. He founded Alameda Research (a quantitative trading firm) and FTX (a centralized cryptocurrency exchange) with a team consisting of finance personnelquantitative analysts, engineers, high-frequency traders. They are seldom concerned with the centralization/decentralization debate and focus on the large-scale expansion of the blockchain.

After leaving Jane Street in 2017, SBF took time to think about potential opportunities. He realized that Cryptocurrency has many characteristics, it may be a very inefficient system, and there is a great demand for liquidity. This is basically: sudden huge demand, very rapid growth. So, SBF tried to figure out the ultimate solution to these issues. Later, he discovered Solana.

Anatoly Yakovenko, a co-founder of Solana, once described the scene of SBFs first contact with Solana before it was launched on the mainnet in 2019: During the test, 80 transactions were processed in an average of 4.02 seconds. This result impressed SBF. After communicating with the team and realizing Solanas huge development potential, SBF immediately decided to establish Serum (a decentralized derivatives exchange) based on the Solana.

In this way, Solana not only won a new application project but also got a perfect encryption spokesperson (just like NBA got James). From that day onwards, Solana was reinvented by SBF.

In January 2021, SBF said on Twitter that, Ill buy as much SOL as you have, right now, at $3. Sell me all you want. Though a joke, it revealed that SBF had high hopes for SOL.

I still remember that in those days, iPhone fans lined up in front of the store all night to buy a new generation of iPhone, hoping to be among the first to own the new iPhone, just as they wished to get tickets to a superstar concert.

The iPhone launched by Apple every year is not only a new product but also a brand-new cultural phenomenon. This is a market effect that no other company is likely to have when launching a new product.

Taking the number of Twitter followers as an example, according to statistics from CGV FOF, Solana has as many as 1.1 million followers, which is not as many as that of Ethereum (1.97 million) but ranks first among other mainstream public chains, Polkadot (1.01 million), Avalanche (450,000), Fantom (270,000), and Near (230,000).

Lets take a look at the fan token, Solanas meme coin is Samoyedcoin ($SAMO). It was inspired by Dogecoin, Sam Bankman-Fried (containing the letters S, A, and M), and Solanas co-founder Anatoly Yakovenko (whose hometown is the birthplace of the Samoyed dog). Nowadays, SAMO has become the mascot and promotion ambassador of the Solana ecosystem, and the peak circulation market value of SAMOs token exceeded $700 million.

In the Solana community, you can often feel a completely different atmosphere from any other public chain community. We often see the fierce quarrel between ETH diehards and Solana diehards. It is completely different from the peaceful and joyful atmosphere of the Near, Avalanche, and Fantom communities. This may be the price Solana pays for choosing to take a different path from the ETH (EVM).

It may be a stretch to draw an analogy between Solana and iOS from the above dimensions. Some people are still criticizing the recent instability of the Solana network. But in the long run, through network upgrade, expansion of service nodes, and adjustment of incentive mechanism, these issues will become an episode in the development process of Solana.

In fact, Apples rise did not happen overnight but was accompanied by several important turning points that established Apples status as king.

For example, iPhone 4 was an epoch-making product that made breakthroughs in hardware, software, and design. It was the first cellphone that used the commercial retina screen, completed the dual evolution of cellphone camera hardware and algorithms, featured the most classic shape, and used iPhone self-developed chips

In cosmology, the big bang, generated by a singularity, gave birth to the universe we are familiar with. The singularity is an important turning point in history. The birth of iPhone4 is a singularity in Apples development history, allowing Apple to embark on a rapid development path.

I try to list a few singularities to predict Solanas vision of becoming the iOS in the encrypted world:

The number of C-end users exceeds 100 million. On November 7, 2021, the number of active users of Solanas Phantom wallet amounted to 1 million. It seems like a big leap from 1 million to 100 million. However, the exponential effect of the growth of the encrypted world network will speed up the process considerably. Anatoly Yakovenko, a co-founder of Solana, held a more positive opinion. He has repeatedly stated that with the launch and operation of new technologies, Solanas next goal is to attract one billion users. You know, the number of VISA users worldwide exceeded 3 billion as early as 2018.

Over 80% of the transactions are performed by institutional users. The participation of more institutional users in the encrypted market will attract more capital. The bull market in 2021 is driven by institutions. Many institutions, such as Tesla, Microstrategy, Grayscale, and the ARK founded by Catherine Wood, have entered the encrypted market one after another. SBF deems that the crypto sector driven primarily by potential institutional investment is likely to grow in the next five years. In my opinion, according to the Pareto principle (80/20 rule), if institutional users become the main force of the Solana market, and if their trading volume accounts for more than 80% of the total volume, Solana will usher in a new round of development.

Over a third of Ethereum projects migrate to Solana. In June of this year, Neon Labs, a cross-chain bridge between Ethereum and Solana, was released. Neon allows anyone to run Ether smart contracts on the Solana blockchain, making it easier for developers to build programs that work on both blockchains. It would be an exciting time if more than one-third of the projects that have been deployed and developed on Ethereum are simultaneously building applications on Solana.

Solanas total market capitalization reaches 50% of Ethereums. SBF reckons that Solanas unique underlying technology for developing the DeFi protocol will drive a spike in the price of its SOL tokens. He even believes that Solana can surpass Ether as the largest decentralized financial platform. Ethereums current market value (about $470 billion) is still nearly eight times that of Solana (about $55 billion). If Solana reaches 50% of Ethereums market value, it will be an important milestone in the development of Solana.

The singularities of Solana ecological development (forecast)

Will Solana become the iOS in the encrypted world? Probably nothing.

I very much agree with Kyle Samani, managing partner of Multicoin Capital, I think were going to see two things [Solana and Ethereum] coexist. We have iOS, we have Android. And, today, everyone knows you have to build an iPhone app and an Android app.

Perhaps, in the near future, Solana and Ethereum may become encrypted worlds iOS and Android, respectively. Fortunately, we are all witnesses and participators of this great change.

Note: This paper is a CGV FOF Research Report and does not constitute any investment suggestions. It is for reference only.

About CGV FOF: the Master fund from Asia, composed of family funds such as Japan, Korea, Chinese mainland and Taiwan, and focuses on investing in Crypto Fund and Crypto Studio. CGV FOF is headquartered in Japan and has branches in Singapore and Canada.

References

Continued here:
CGV Research | Why Solana May Become the iOS of the Encrypted World? - NewsBTC

Key Takeaways

With mobile phones and the internet becoming what some would call a daily necessity, it's not uncommon for websites and business services to receive billions of visits on a weekly basis - and thats not all.

Sales days like Black Friday in North America or Double Eleven (aka Singles Day) in Asia are excellent examples of traditional retail enterprises adapting to the digital world. These enterprises must now contend with new needs and challenges, to successfully achieve their business goals.

They all have to answer the same question: we need to drive our digital sales on this Black Friday, but when we succeed and this incredible traffic reaches the database cluster, will our databases be able to handle it?

Different business cases have multiple options when it comes to database solutions. Such options range from NoSQL products (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, Amazon DynamoDB, etc.), to NewSQL products (like Amazon Aurora or CockroachDB, which are popular these days).

Besides these great solutions, some industries will also consider transparent sharding on top of existing database clusters.

According to the database trend ranking DB-Engines, although many new database offerings are hitting the market, the traditional relational database still retains a considerable share of the pie.

Considering the new challenges databases are facing, is there an efficient and cost-effective way to leverage these types of databases and enhance them through some new practical ideas? Database transparent sharding is one of the best answers to this question.

Database popularity ranking on DB-Engines

One of the best techniques for this is to split the data into separate rows and columns. This splitting of large database tables into multiple small tables are known as shards. The original table is divided into either vertical shards or horizontal shards. Terminologies used to label these tables can be subjective to VS1 for vertical shards and HS1 for flat shards. The number represents the first table or the first schema. Then 2 and 3, and so on. These subsets of data are referred to as the table's original schema.

So what is the difference between sharding and partitioning? Both sharding and partitioning include breaking large data sets into smaller ones. But a key difference is that sharding implies that the breakdown of data is spread across multiple computers, either as horizontal or vertical partitioning. On the other hand, partitioning is when the database is broken down into different subsets but held within a single database, sometimes referred to as the database instance.

Since for sharding data is divided into numerous pieces stored across different machines, this approach offers the following advantages:

However, sharding architecture is not perfect and has some drawbacks:

Sharding: One to multiple shards

Like for most things in technology, let alone in life, there is no silver bullet. You should perform a thorough analysis to have a complete picture of your needs and scenarios, and only then move on to choose the best possible solution.

Generally, the advantages of sharding architecture prevail, and many excellent products that play an essential role in the database industry are based on this architecture. Citus or Vitess have their respective definitions, but they're based on database-sharding architecture in nature.

Citus manages a coordinator (proxy) cluster to distribute the PostgreSQL cluster, while Vitess shards MySQL alike. Both of them concentrate on providing a low-cost and efficient distributed solution of traditional but prevailing relational databases. Actually, sharding architecture is fundamental for most NoSQL and NewSQL products as well, but that would be another topic focusing on sharding with NoSQL and NewSQL. This article focuses on sharding with relational databases since there are some innovations brought to the classic sharding technique.

The occurrence of sharding is the result of the distributed needs of databases. These days an increasing number of new issues involve databases, such as privacy protection, SQL audit, tenant, distributed authentication, etc.

These represent real-world new demands for databases. How to deal with these issues is an inevitable question for all database products, no matter the type of database. Could these issues be addressed with a database sharding solution? It looks like sharding needs to evolve to meet these challenges, which is our topic i.e., what's the next evolution for database sharding architecture.

My answer is Database Plus, the guiding concept for creating a distributed database system for more than sharding, positioned above DBMS.

It was conceived with the aim to build a standardized layer and ecosystem above existing and fragmented databases, as well as provide a unified and standardized database usage specification. This provides for upper-level applications, and the challenges faced by businesses due to underlying databases fragmentation get minimized as much as possible. The result is an environment where the applications only need to speak with a standardized service, instead of different ones for each database.

This idea was initiated by the PMC (Project Management Committee) of Apache ShardingSphere, and it took about a year to release 5.0.0 GA and implement this concept in its architecture.

In the 3.x and 4.x release stages, we defined Apache ShardingSphere as a distributed database middleware (sharding architecture) to only solve the sharding issue. However, new challenges for databases and the community pushed this project to evolve and include more features such as data encryption, shadow database, distributed authentication, distributed governance, etc. All of these changes go beyond the traditional sharding range, as sharding is just one part of Database Plus.

The evolution of ShardingSphere's Database plus architecture

Apache ShardingSphere's example supports my thesis that a simple and classic sharding architecture can do more than sharding. The kernel mechanism directs all traffic through a proxy or driver, and then if it could parse SQLs and know the location of every database, the following jobs will be easy to perform:

So what do these jobs mean to the end users? Based on these kernel jobs, the products of Apache ShardingSphere are qualified to ease users database pain points.

Originally sharding, data encryption, shadow database, distributed authentication, distributed governance, etc. were all based on the necessary steps above. The architecture proposed by the Database Plus concept of Apache ShardingSphere brings these enhancing features with flexibility in mind.

All functions are just plugins that can be added or removed at any given time in this distributed system. Some people may just want to shard a database, while others may prefer to do data encryption. Users needs never stop evolving and are diverse, and for this reason Database Plus can be fully customizable and continuously receive new plugins (features) allowing it to meet users demands one by one specifically and flexibly.

ShardingSpheres architecture includes the following four layers as shown in Figure 1 below.

ShardingSphere's Four Layer Architecture

Foundation Layer:Provides a variety of access terminals such as driver or proxy to flexibly meet the needs of users in different scenarios.

Storage Layer:All the functions are supported in these databases with the possibility to include more.

Function Layer:Provides a variety of functional plug-ins that meet users' needs, allowing a high degree of flexibility in plug-in choice and combination.

Solution Layer:End users are provided with industry-oriented (e.g. financial, e-commerce and entertainment industries) and specific scenario-oriented standard product solutions (e.g. distributed database solution, encrypted database solution or database gateway).

ShardingSphere JDBC and ShardingSphere Proxy have been polished and tested for five years and are now available in production. Many community users provided relevant production cases, and production feasibility has been verified.

With the shared core functions among different ShardingSphere clients, users can also choose hybrid deployment to achieve balance between query performance and management convenience (shown in Figure 2 below).

ShardingSphere JDBC and Proxy Hybrid Development

The Apache ShardingSphere community proposed a SQL dialect, i.e., DistSQL (distributed SQL), to operate and manage all functions of ShardingSphere.

SQL is the standard and conventional interaction method with databases. However there are many new features in this distributed database system which required us to think of a SQL dialect to configure and use these new functions.

DistSQL allows users to use SQL-like commands to create, modify or delete a distributed database and table, or to encrypt or decrypt data. All of the above mentioned functions could be performed with distributed SQL. Some DistSQL snippets are presented below.

DistSQL in Action

Distributed database system governance capability is necessary to alleviate the suffering of distributed cluster management. In the ShardingSphere ecosystem where computing and storage are separated, features are greatly enhanced in the new version including:

Additionally, the distributed lock new feature is scheduled to be released soon.

ShardingSpheres Distributed Governance

Although many advantages have been listed above, there are some constraints or limitations that are worth mentioning. You should give careful consideration to the following items before adopting ShardingSphere::

This section will introduce two practical examples to demonstrate how create a distributed database and create an encrypted table with DistSQL - the SQL dialect connecting all the elements of the ShardingSphere ecosystem.

This part will guide you through an example of how to leverage DistSQL to create a distributed database. Users and applications visit Proxy to achieve a logic table (distributed table) which has been sharded among different servers. There is no need to take care of these shards, instead make your applications operate and manage this logical table.

Prerequisites:

Process:

Login Proxy CLI by executing SQLcommand:

mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -P3307 -proot

Register two MySQL databases using DistSQL

ADD RESOURCE ds_0( HOST=127.0.0.1, PORT=3306, DB=demo_ds_0, USER=root, PASSWORD=root );

ADD RESOURCE ds_1 ( HOST=127.0.0.1, PORT=3306, DB=demo_ds_1, USER=root, PASSWORD=root );

Create sharding rule by distSQL

CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE t_order( RESOURCES(ds_0,ds_1), SHARDING_COLUMN=order_id, TYPE(NAME=hash_mod,PROPERTIES("sharding-count"=4)), GENERATED_KEY(COLUMN=order_id,TYPE(NAME=snowflake,PROPERTIES("worker-id"=123))) );

Create sharding table by the previous sharding rule

CREATE TABLE `t_order` ( `order_id` int NOT NULL, `user_id` int NOT NULL, `status` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Show resources, sharding databases and sharding tables

sql SHOW SCHEMA RESOURCES;

SHOW DATABASES;

SHOW TABLES;

Show sharding tables

SHOW TABLES;

Below are the tables in MySQL:

And below are the tables in ShardingSphere Proxy:

Drop sharding table

DROP TABLE t_order;

This example shows you how to create an encrypted table with DistSQL. The data encryption feature is ShardingSphere Proxy, which helps encrypt and decrypt data. Applications do not need any coding refactoring, and just send the plaintext to Proxy, where plaintext is encrypted and resends the ciphertext to the databases. Additionally, users can configure which column in which table should be encrypted by which encryption algorithm.

Prerequisites:

Process:

Login Proxy CLI by executing the following command:

Add Resources by distSQL.

ADD RESOURCE ds_0 ( HOST=127.0.0.1, PORT=3306, DB=ds_0, USER=root, PASSWORD=root );

Create encrypt rule

CREATE ENCRYPT RULE t_encrypt ( COLUMNS( (NAME=user_id,PLAIN=user_plain,CIPHER=user_cipher,TYPE(NAME=AES,PROPERTIES('aes-key-value'='123456abc')))));

SHOW ENCRYPT TABLE RULE t_encrypt;

Create encrypt table

CREATE TABLE `t_encrypt` ( `order_id` int NOT NULL, `user_plain` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL, `user_cipher` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

Below is the result in MySQL:

Read the original here:
The Next Evolution of the Database Sharding Architecture - InfoQ.com

To safeguard the most important royal correspondence against snoops and spies in the 16th century, writers employed a complicated means of security. Theyd fold the letter, then cut a dangling strip, using that as an improvised thread to sew stitches that locked the letter and turned the flat writing paper into its own envelope. To get inside, a spy would have to snip the lock open, an act impossible to go undetected.

Catherine de Medici used the method in 1570 a time she governed France while her ill son, King Charles IX, sat on its throne. Queen Elizabeth did so in 1573 as the sovereign ruler of England and Ireland. And Mary Queen of Scots used it in 1587 just hours before her long effort to unite Britain ended in her beheading.

These people knew more than one way to send a letter and they chose this one, said Jana Dambrogio, lead author of a study that details Renaissance-era politicians use of the technique, and a conservator at the M.I.T. Libraries. You had to be highly confident to make a spiral lock. If you made a mistake, youd have to start all over, which could take hours of rewriting and restitching. Its fascinating. They took great pains to build up their security.

Disclosure of the methods wide use among European royalty is the latest venture of a group of scholars, centered at M.I.T., into a vanished art they call letterlocking an early form of communications security that theyre busy resurrecting. Early last year, they reported their development of a virtual-reality technique that let them peer into locked letters without tearing them apart and damaging the historical record.

Now, in a detailed article that appeared last month in the Electronic British Library Journal, the scholars lay out their expanding universe of discoveries and questions. They showcase instances of spiral letterlocking among the queens and posit that the method spread across European courts through royal correspondence.

Although the use of locked letters faded in the 1830s with the emergence of mass-produced envelopes and improved systems of mail delivery, its now seen as a fascinating precursor to the widespread encryption used globally in electronic communications.

In their recent paper, the authors use case studies of locked letters as well as graphic illustrations and detailed descriptions of the process to reveal what theyve learned in two decades of study. The papers main objective is to help other scholars identify when the technique was used in historic letters that have already been opened, flattened and frequently repaired in ways that leave few traces of their original state.

The authors say collections of libraries and archives often hold examples of letterlocking that are hidden in plain sight. Knowledge of the technique, they add, can be used to recover nuances of personal communication that, until now, have been lost to history.

We hope, the authors write, that their finds prompt novel kinds of archival research, and allow even very well-known artefacts to be examined anew.

The nine authors of the new paper, in addition to Ms. Dambrogio, include students at M.I.T. as well as scholars from Kings College London, the University of Glasgow and the British Library. The British Library has an ongoing exhibition that highlights some of the unlocked letters.

A main case study of the new article is a letter written in 1570 by Catherine de Medici, who as queen consort, queen mother and regent played leading roles for nearly a half-century in the political life of France. The scholars found it for sale online and M.I.T. acquired it. Catherine wrote her letter to Raimond de Beccarie, a French soldier, politician and diplomat. An M.I.T. video shows a re-enactment of how Catherine or one of her assistants folded and locked the letter.

In their paper, the authors go through the procedure in considerable detail because the surviving letter retained as much as 99 percent of the complicated locking mechanism, allowing a thorough reconstruction of the individual steps. They also zoom in on a paper seal over the lock that reveals clear impressions of Catherines coat of arms.

In their royal tour, the scholars examine a letter Queen Elizabeth wrote in 1573 to the man who soon after took the French throne as King Henry III. They say it illustrates how the spiral lock was used at the highest level of European diplomatic negotiations.

They also examine two locked letters sent by Mary Queen of Scots, including the one she wrote in 1587 just before her beheading. Alison Wiggins, a scholar at the University of Glasgow and co-author of the study, argues that Marys repeated use of spiral locks on her letters gave them not only security but also a kind of cachet. The combined effect of the lock, her own handwriting and her signature, Dr. Wiggins wrote, let Mary build bonds of affinity and kinship and assurances of authenticity.

Ms. Dambrogio said that while the new article centered on women, men, too, used the technique.

Were still in the-fact gathering stage, Ms. Dambrogio said. It will take years of further study, she added, to develop a comprehensive social picture of the methods use.

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How European Royals Once Shared Their Most Important Secrets - The New York Times