The ACLU Is in Dublin, Ireland, Today Defending the Right to Privacy for Europeans and Americans Alike – ACLU (blog)

Today, lawyers for Facebook will cross-examine ACLU Staff Attorney Ashley Gorski at a court hearing in Dublin, Ireland, about U.S. surveillance policies and privacy protections. The hearing is part of litigation in European courts over whether users private data is adequately safeguarded when companies like Facebook move that information from Europe to the United States.

Facebook says that its users data is adequately protected, even in the face of sweeping U.S. surveillance programs, like the PRISM program revealed by whistleblower Edward Snowden. It also says that European citizens can readily obtain remedies for illegal surveillance in U.S. courts. But those claims are hard to square with reality. As our ACLU colleague has explained in her expert report, this data is incredibly vulnerable to spying programs operated by the NSA and other U.S. intelligence agencies. Moreover, in practice, the millions of people affected by this spying have few (if any) effective remedies.

Given all weve learned in the past three years and given the dangerous spying powers wielded by our new president U.S. tech companies must continue their efforts to promote strong surveillance reforms.

Fridays hearing is part of what is known as the Schrems litigation a pair of cases brought in European courts following the revelations of NSA spying that began in June 2013. Those disclosures revealed a vast machinery of surveillance, such as the PRISM program operated under Section 702 of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which the government uses to target tens of thousands of non-U.S. citizens for surveillance with few restrictions. According to NSA documents, Facebook was one of the major internet companies compelled to turn over its users stored and real-time communications under PRISM.

The breadth of U.S. government spying is a problem for companies that want to move their users data from the European Union to the United States. The E.U. generally prohibits companies from transferring private data out of the E.U. unless that data will receive essentially equivalent protection at its destination. The Schrems cases have challenged various protocols that companies like Facebook have relied on to satisfy these legal obligations. The initial challenge concerned the so-called Safe Harbour arrangement, which was invalidated by the Court of Justice for the European Union on privacy grounds in 2015. The present case challenges a new set of protocols that some companies invoked in an attempt to meet E.U. privacy rules after that groundbreaking decision.

The legal issues before the Irish High Court are complex, but whats at stake is not. The case highlights just how easy it is for U.S. intelligence agencies to access Europeans data once it is transferred to the United States. And it highlights also just how few meaningful remedies are available in the United States to those who want to challenge NSA surveillance, whether they are Europeans or Americans. The fact that few individuals receive notice of surveillance, combined with the U.S. governments repeated use of standing doctrine and the state secrets privilege to block court review, has put redress almost entirely out of reach.

If the European courts ultimately conclude that the U.S. surveillance regime lacks essential protections for E.U. citizens, companies like Facebook may have more difficulty transferring their users private data to the United States at least until the U.S. adopts badly needed reforms to its surveillance laws.

There are several ways that tech companies could push for stronger protections for their users data in the face of U.S. government spying.

First and foremost, tech companies must actively lobby members of Congress to reform our surveillance laws especially Section 702, which is set to expire this year. Tech companies, including Facebook, make contributions to dozens of candidates for the House of Representatives and Senate, including politicians who haveintroduced anti-privacy measuresin the past orhave advocated for the resurrection of mass surveillance programs.The message to lawmakers should be clear: If they do not support pro-privacy policies, they should no longer expect to receive Facebook support. Surveillance reform must remain a high priority for tech companies.

Second, tech companies should continue to oppose efforts to expand U.S. surveillance powers or to weaken encryption. In the past, Facebook to its credit has challenged efforts to allow the FBI to collect sensitive information, like browsing history, without appropriate court process. In addition, Facebook has stated its opposition to backdoors in encrypted products.Tech companies should continue to resist, both publicly and in the face of any private pressure they receive from the Trump administration.

Third, tech companies should push back against unilateral efforts by the Trump administration to strip away privacy protections for immigrants and foreigners.For example, the Trump immigration executive order contained a provisionstripping anyone who is not a U.S. citizen or green card holder of certain protections under the Privacy Act.As a result, individuals around the world and many immigrants in the United States may now have their private information disseminated without appropriate safeguards.

Now that President Trump has the keys to the US surveillance state, its more important than ever that tech companies work with us in the fight for surveillance reform.

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The ACLU Is in Dublin, Ireland, Today Defending the Right to Privacy for Europeans and Americans Alike - ACLU (blog)

Another season of John Oliver, shameless pro-establishment shill – RT

This Sunday, season four of John Olivers Last Week Tonight premieres. If the last three seasons were any indication, viewers can expect no deviation from the official party line by the establishments favorite comedy accomplice.

Lets just cut right to the chase. John Oliver is a charlatan who appears to be a rebellious liberal comedian speaking truth to power. In reality, he is a shameless shill for the ruling class in the United States.

Oliver, who hails from West Midlands, England, specializes in telling his liberal audience and those in the establishment exactly what they want to hear. He never genuinely challenges or questions the American power structure, thereby making him an agent of the status quo, which is why the media adores him.

In order to maintain most favored status among liberals, Oliver assails universally loathed entities, like FIFA, the NCAA, big tobacco or televangelists. Or hell investigate a wonky subject, like crumbling infrastructure, voter ID laws or reforming the bail system. While Oliver gets quite a lot of attention for these stories, they only generate heat, not light. Nothing changes as a result, not even popular opinion since Oliver is only preaching to the converted in the liberal echo chamber.

When it comes to potentially controversial topics, like the rare moments when he looks at the US political, military and media establishment, Oliver can be relied upon to give his sycophant fans the soft sell.

To date, there have been 250 segments among the 89 episodes of Last Week Tonight. In those segments, Oliver has scrutinized issues pertaining to the US military and foreign policy just 11 times, thats 4.4 percent. In contrast, the show has dedicated 14 or 5.6 percent of their segments to Russia, Putin and Russias foreign policy. And those numbers do not include the innumerable one-liners at Russias expense that Oliver scatters throughout various other segments. Putin is Olivers favorite comedy whipping boy.

Even when Oliver looks into issues like drones, torture, Guantanamo Bay or NSA spying, he does so with the gentlest of tones and the kindest of language. For example, in regards to drones he called U.S. strikes, which killed civilians, a little disturbing. At end of the segment he concluded that now might be the time to think about drones. So his scathing assessment of the drone program was that it might now rise to the level of thinking about? And I guess might was the operative word in his statement since Oliver has never returned to the topic.

Contrast this delicate approach to the U.S. with his scorched earth campaign against Putin, where Oliver leads a cacophony of establishment media voices preaching a Russian hysteria. Oliver has assured his audience, without any shred of proof, that the brutal Russian dictator shot down MH17, invaded Ukraine, committed war crimes in Syria, among a number of other totally wrong-headed accusations. Olivers stance on Russia is just as vacuous, assumption-filled and fact-free as the rest of the mainstream media. A braver comedian would challenge the current prevailing presumptions, but courage is obviously not John Olivers strong suit.

Even when Oliver is mildly critical of the U.S., like he was in his torture and Gitmo pieces, he deflects those American failures by pointing to other nations that he feels are much, much worse, like Russia, North Korea, Iran, and Sudan. He also avoids using moral and ethical frameworks to argue against alleged US failings, instead favoring arguments about image.

Olivers main thrust on torture was that it causes serious harm to Americas image. He had an entire segment titled The CIAs Public Image which dealt with how the CIA handles its social media. Of all the things to talk about regarding the CIA, their social media prowess seems to be the most frivolous, which is probably why Oliver chose it.

In Olivers interview with NSA chief Keith Alexander, an important part of the conversation was on the NSAs image and how to change it for the better, not on its Orwellian surveillance programs. When it comes to questioning the U.S. establishment, Oliver never dares to wander into the heart of the matter; he stays on the surface and stick to appearances.

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So the discussion with Keith Alexander was very enlightening when contrasted with Olivers interview with Edward Snowden. Watching the Alexander and Snowden interviews side by side, it is easy to see where Olivers loyalties lie. He uses the softest and most playful tone with Alexander, whereas he is extremely aggressive and nasty with Snowden.

The Snowden interview also reveals Olivers tactic of obfuscating uncomfortable issues. Oliver spends the first half of his Snowden segment making the story about how frightened he is to be in Russia. He is fearful because Snowden is late, the old KGB building is up the street and Russians are no doubt listening to his every word. You could come away from these bits thinking it is Russia thats been eavesdropping on the world and not the US. And that that seemed to be Olivers agenda with the Snowden interview, and many other segments: distract from US crimes by imagining foreign ones.

The cherry on top of the Snowden episode was when John Oliver actually blamed Edward Snowden for the major f*ck-up of the New York Times publishing information that allegedly named a secret agent and a target. In John Olivers world, the New York Times is sacrosanct and above blame, but that scoundrel Snowden makes for a convenient scapegoat.

Lies of omission are littered throughout Last Week Tonight episodes as well. When Oliver did a segment on Obamas visit to Saudi Arabia, he made the story about how rude the Saudis were to the president but gave no context at all. According to Oliver, the Saudis just randomly decided to hate Obama. Of course, the actual context is pretty important, since Obama went to Saudi Arabia to calm the royal family over the 9-11 lawsuits and the congressional bills opening up the Saudis to liabilities for the attacks. Why Oliver would ignore this is beyond me.

When Oliver doesnt ignore context is also revealing. In two segments on Ramzan Kadyrov, the Sunni strongman in Chechnya who had lost his cat, Oliver went to great lengths to emphasize Kadyrovs ties to Putin. He also spoke of Kadyrovs Wikipedia page, which has a section about his human rights abuses, and spoke of it as if it were some sort of smoking gun. This is curious, as there was no mention of human rights abuses when another group of despotic Sunni Muslims, the Saudis, were the topic. And the Saudis dont just have a section on their Wikipedia page about human rights abuses, they have a whole page dedicated to their human rights abuses! But Kadyrov is an enemy of the U.S. establishment and the Saudis are protected by it, so Oliver acted accordingly.

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Oliver only uses context when it supports the official narrative, not when it undermines it. A case in point was his coverage of the protests in Brazil against the left-wing Workers Party government. Oliver made that story about left wing corruption in Brazil, and nothing more. A closer examination of those protests reveals that a major factor was class and race, with wealthy Whites protesting against the government and poor Black/Brown people protesting for it. Race and class would normally be things that someone like John Oliver, and his liberal audience, would focus on, he certainly would in relation to the Tea Party or Trump supporters here in the U.S. But in South America, the official U.S. narrative is left-wing, populist governments are no bueno, and so Oliver, whether it be in regards to Dilma Rousseff in Brazil or Rafael Correa in Ecuador, propagates that position.

In contrast to his coverage of Brazil, watch this segment on turmoil in another left-wing South American country, Venezuela. In it, Oliver opens with a news story that clearly defines the context of the protests, with the poor and working class on one side, and the military and police on the government side. Why clarify the struggle in Venezuela so distinctly but keep the Brazil situation murky at best? Because context in the Venezuela story supports the establishment media narrative that Oliver wants to sell, while undermining it in the Brazil story.

And finally, the most remarkable proof of Oliver being an establishment shill occurred on the season three finale. Oliver actually pleaded with his audience to subscribe to the New York Times and the Washington Post in order to counter Trump and 'fake news'. This was the first time John Oliver ever made me laugh out loud, as buying the Times and Post as an antidote to fake news is like treating obesity with a diet of pizza and ice cream.

It is too bad that Olivers insipidly predictable comedy and insidious support for all things establishment are so beloved by his minions. They obviously dont know it yet, but John Oliver isnt laughing with them, hes laughing at them, all the way to the bank.

Michael McCaffrey, for RT

Michael McCaffrey is a freelance writer, film critic and cultural commentator. He currently resides in Los Angeles where he runs his acting coaching and media consulting business.mpmacting.com/blog/

The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of RT.

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Another season of John Oliver, shameless pro-establishment shill - RT

Make Liberty Win in 2017 – The Libertarian Republic

By Amber Loveshe

In December of 2016, I was given the honor of becoming the first female Illinois State Chair with Young Americans for Liberty. Little did I know at the time that it would become the best decision of my life. Having previously worked on two political campaigns, I had curiously admired the fact that YAL advocates for policy, not party. As Young Americans for Liberty president Cliff Maloney once phrased it, Politicians come and go,. By focusing on educating young voters on policy issues and mobilizing them to challenge current legislation, Young Americans for Liberty is prepping the future generations to change history, and words cannot express how thankful I am to be involved with their organization.

If youre not involved with Young Americans for Liberty, but are passionate about the liberty movement, youre doing something wrong. When YAL says their goal is to, identify, educate, train, and mobilize youth activists, they mean business. Since joining this team I have met students from across the nation who have rallied on their campuses against free speech codes violating their rights who have successfully changed policy. But its not just free speech activism, Young Americans for Liberty also advocates for criminal justice reform, a cause near to my heart as I pursue my degree in Criminal Justice. With their activism project, Incarceration Nation, YAL gives college chapters the resources to bring awareness on campus of the rising incarceration rates in the United States. Still other prominent issues YAL advocates for include reducing the federal deficit, ending NSA spying, and advocating for less war.

But perhaps my favorite part about Young Americans for Liberty is the amount of beneficial events they host for the students within the liberty network. Beginning Saturday, February 11th, 2017, Young Americans for Liberty will kick off their Spring Summit series in Chicago, IL. For one day, young activists from across the Midwestern region will gather at Loyola University Chicago to experience all that YAL has to offer. Congressman Thomas Massie, who made headlines this week for his motion to eliminate the Department of Education after DeVos nomination approval, will serve as the keynote speaker for the event. Cato Institute scholars will also be in attendance, debating the topic, Should You Be Able to Sell It. In addition to hearing from top names in the liberty movement, students will also have the opportunity to network with various organizations for jobs and internships in the future. With so many young leaders involved in YALs network, these organizations recognize that these students may be the next Ron Paul. These summits will also serve as an amazing opportunity to receive valuable training on how to engage in activism both on and off campus. This is a perfect opportunity for the millennial generation to gear up for the future of politics as we become the leaders of tomorrow.

While Im extremely grateful that this years first summit is happening in my backyard of Loyola University Chicago, have no fear if youre not as lucky. Upcoming summit dates include Los Angeles on March 4th, Boston on March 25th, Pittsburgh on April 1st, Denver on April 8th, and Atlanta on April 22nd. I highly recommend locking in your spot before its too late!

2017LibertyThomas MassieYALyoung americans for liberty

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Make Liberty Win in 2017 - The Libertarian Republic

What Makes Bitcoin Great? One Scientist is On a Quest to Find Out – CoinDesk

Visa, PayPal, bitcoin. The last, it seems,is not like the others.

You might be thinking, well, of course. It's unique compared to olderinstitutions, ones that first madedigital currency possible by storing payment data in centralized databases.

But, that might be only one way of looking at it.

Computer scientists and developers are quick to note that the reason bitcoin has succeeded at decentralizing its monetary system is because it improves onpast computer consensus protocols, a point that Cornell associate professor Elaine Shi stressedin her presentation at the recent Stanford blockchain security conference.

Even after 30 years of research, Shi explained, classical consensus protocols fail under certain conditions. But she believes bitcoin is different because it's more "robust".

However, defining and mathematically spelling out these differences isn't so easy to do.

Shitold CoinDesk:

"The protocol's success is kind of ahead of the scientific understanding."

Despite the challenge, the academicseems determined to catch up.

Sitting in the cold after a long day of security presentations, she chatted excitedly about bitcoin's unique properties.

She noted that other recent research has sought to develop a formal security proof for bitcoin, and that thinkers from IC3 and elsewhere are now looking to help flag potential vulnerabilities and to inform future researchinto the protocol.

Shi's curiosity was first piqued in 2010 or 2011 while she was working for the technology company Xerox PARC in Palo Alto.

It was then that her friend, a hobbyist and miner, showed her the bitcoin white paper. They read through it together,fascinated.

"We tried to understand why bitcoin took off," she said.

From her point of view, it was a big deal that the currency saw so much use compared to ecash, a technology put into the worldby long-time cryptographer David Chaum in the mid-1990s.

"At that time, they adopted more sophisticated crypto. But there wasnt so much traction," she said.

She added that she was impressed that bitcoin, in contrast, saw more rapid adoption and uses simple cryptography public key encryption, signatures and hash functions.

"One big thing for bitcoin was that it made the incentives right. It gave incentives to early adopters. There are various other aspects that maybe it did right in terms of incentives and possibly helped with adoption and how it gained popularity," she added.

Later on, Shi moved to University of Maryland, where she continued her bitcoin research, and then to Cornells Initiative For CryptoCurrencies & Contracts (IC3), the university's center for study on all things blockchain.

Her presentation at Stanford, "Rethinking Large-Scale Consensus," discussed her new research, aimed at rethinking how bitcoin might work differently, but retain its unique properties. The result is her proposed 'sleepy'model of consensus.

She noted that when she asked why people were exploring the use of a blockchain rather than a long-studied classical protocol, such as PBFT, people would typically respond "because its more robust".

This is the common wisdom. But, she noted that from an academic perspective, its been difficult to even define what 'robust' means exactly.

In this light, 'sleepy consensus' explores a specific piece of bitcoin's robustness: sporadic participation, where nodes can leave and enter the system as they please. It further examines whether a system can be as robust without proof-of-work, the algorithmthat leads to one agreed-upon transaction history

In Shi's model, there are 'sleepy' nodes (that are offline) and 'awake' nodes (that are online and active).

Shi displayed images of Snow White to show each state, and to demonstrate that that nodes can shift between these two states.

"For example, when the prince kisses Snow White, she wakes up and continues to participate," she said. "Snow White is a very robust princess."

One way to test the robustness of the system is to seewhether itcan come to agreement when 51% of the online nodes are 'honest' (and therefore will not accept an invalid transaction), even with this property of sporadic participation.

Classical models fail here. In fact, Shi went as far as to say that no classical protocol, whether synchronous or asynchronous, holds up. Not even when 99% of the online nodes are honest.

She concluded that bitcoin, as conventional wisdom says, is indeed robust. Its a system thats been up and running for eight years, and that continues to work as long as 51% of nodes are honest.

'Sleepy' consensus builds on that robustness, but rearranges the protocol in a way that ditchesbitcoins proof-of-work.

The research team found that the tweaked systemwas more robust in some ways, but with the new construction, new security problems also sprung up.

Work is ongoing here, and Shi said that, for now, the protocol is suitable for consortium blockchains along the lines of those released by the Linux-led Hyperledger.

Though, again, there are perhaps other elements to bitcoin's 'robustness'.

Another project from Shi and IC3,FruitChains, explores bitcoins game theoretical component, or how it incentivizes participants to act in a way that ultimately benefits everyone.

The result of the research is a proposal for a 'fair blockchain', where block rewards and transaction fees are evenly distributed and there's less variance in rewards.

Analyzingeach piece on its own could lead to something bigger.

"In general, we need a new scientific foundation for all of this," Shi said.

Yet, Shiemphasized that this research is not about defining things just for the sake of academic curiosity.

Once people understand the protocols better, there are different, perhaps unexpected, directions togo. Broadly, researchers will have a better understanding of how public blockchains can be improved.

Proof-of-work is expensive, for example, as powerful computers from around the world are currently hashing puzzles at dizzying rates to secure blockchains like bitcoin and ethereum. Many researchers, such as those working on proof-of-stakefor ethereum, are trying to develop a way around these massiveelectricity demands.

Moreresearch couldhelp determinewhether or not those efforts are in vain.

Furthermore, Shi argues that its important to work on understanding the security of the protocol, and writing up mathematical proofs that could potentially bring to light hidden protocol flaws.

People have somehow developed these very nice intuitions, but its still very, very difficult to like design a provably correct protocol. Thats very, very important when youre dealing with something like cryptocurrency, because if the protocol is broken then your money is at stake, she said.

A 'provably correct' protocol, on the other hand, is one that satisfies certain mathematical requirements.

She mentioned that such a protocolcould help ward off future situations along the lines of The DAO the ethereum project that ended in failure.

Its very easy to make a mistake unless you go through this whole process, she said. I think that both in academia and in industry theres this huge need for these protocols, including both consensus and cryptography.

She also argued that smart contracts require more advanced cryptography protocols.

IC3 would like to help make these secure by constructing protocols. And deploy them in the real world, she added.

Beyond all that, Shi has other research ideas.

One potential project is to design a programming language that would let coders with little knowledge of cryptography create more secure apps. Programmers could state vaguely what security properties they need, and the programming language itself would decide what consensus protocol would be best used under the hood.

To Shi, the ability to combine disciplines in such a way is partly what's so exciting. And, bitcoin is a rich area to experiment with cryptography in particular, she said.

She concluded:

"This is like the goldmine of problems."

Bitcoin maze image via Shutterstock

Academic ResearchBitcoin ProtocolCryptographySecurity

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What Makes Bitcoin Great? One Scientist is On a Quest to Find Out - CoinDesk

5 Most Common Mistakes Novice Cryptocurrency Traders Make – The Merkle

A lot of people are starting to show an interest in cryptocurrency trading. While this is a positive development, there are some pitfalls novice traders will need to watch out for. These mistakes are rather common and can end up costing new traders a few thousand dollars worth of cryptocurrency if they are not careful. With the following pitfalls in mind, there should be far less risk when it comes to cryptocurrency trading as a whole.

To put this particular tip into perspective, not every cryptocurrency exchange is designed to be used for various altcoins. There are some clear market leaders who can be trusted when it comes to trading alternate cryptocurrencies, whereas others seem slightly shady. Using the wrong exchange can result in withdrawals not being honored or trading markets becoming inaccessible at the wrong time. Always do your own research before trusting an unknown company with your money, as it can be difficult- if not impossible to get it out again when things go awry.

The world of alternative cryptocurrencies is filled with many opportunities, although not everything is what it seems. Unfortunately for novice traders, it is rather difficult to distinguish between a worthwhile and useless attacking. At the rate at which coins are being developed these days, any new coin should be avoided until it properly establishes itself in the market.

At the same time, investors and speculators want to buy potentially powerful coins as cheap as possible. Getting in at a later stage will decrease the chances of making a big profit along the way. There is a very fine balance to walk between buying coins cheap and investing in a pump-and-dump scam at the wrong time. Most novice traders experience the latter option well before they will make their first major profit.

One thing every cryptocurrency trader needs to keep in mind is how panic can be one of the worst motivators to make the right trade. Markets are very volatile in the altcoin scene, and it doesnt take much volume to send things in either direction. There is nothing wrong with trusting a gut feeling, but panic should never determine how and when one trades. To this day, a lot of novice cryptocurrency traders let their actions be guided by panic and fear.

As strange as it may sound for a market where profits and losses can be made in mere seconds, there is such a thing as compulsive trading. Trading too often during the day can be a big problem for novice traders, as they will make wrong decisions and let panic guide their actions. Monitoring the markets is an absolute must, but one should necessarily jump on every single opportunity when it presents itself. It is difficult to learn a trading style from day one, though, as errors will need to be made along the way until one finds a rhythm that suits his or her needs.

Given the vast plethora of different altcoins one can buy and trade across popular exchanges, diversification is a good idea. At the same time, there is a risk of trading too many altcoins at once, which will take a toll on ones portfolio rather quickly. The best advice is to start with small amounts of one or two coins that seem legit, ate and potentially profitable. As one gains more experience, it is still possible to further diversify the portfolio and trade more currencies.

If you liked this article, follow us on Twitter @themerklenews and make sure to subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest bitcoin, cryptocurrency, and technology news.

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5 Most Common Mistakes Novice Cryptocurrency Traders Make - The Merkle

Byteball Cryptocurrency Platform Schedules Second Bytes … – newsBTC

The unique cryptocurrency platform, Byteball is preparing itself to launch the second round of token distribution.

The unique cryptocurrency platform, Byteball is preparing itself to launch the second round of token distribution. The latest round is scheduled to happen on February 11, 2017, at 00:33 (UTC) the next full moon day.

The upcoming release of bytes (the crypto tokens on Byteball Network) is the second of its kind. The platform, which was launched on Christmas Day of 2016 distributed bytes (native cryptocurrency) and blackbytes (untraceable private tokens) to the Bitcoin community. Bitcoin holders, who signed up for the distribution received fresh bytes proportional to their Bitcoin holdings.

According to Byteball, over 70,000 BTCs were linked to the first round of distribution. In the second round, the platform will be issuing bytes to both Bitcoin and Byteball community members. During the process, Byteball token holders will receive 0.1 gigabytes (GB) for every 1 GB of bytes held. Similarly, the platform will issue 0.625 GB for each BTC owned by the eligible community members.

A Byteball representative quoted in the platforms press release said,

In the new distribution, 1 GB holding receives the same share as 1.6 BTC. 1 GB is currently traded at 0.05 BTC.

Byteball is already in the process of building the whole ecosystem around the cryptocurrency platform. Currently, the Byteball ecosystem has cryptocurrency wallets, bot-supported marketplace, private untraceable currency and an exchange platform that allows people to convert their Bitcoin to bytes and vice versa using a chatbot interface.

Byteballs use of a unique Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) instead of blockchain technology gives it an upper hand over its rival altcoins. The absence of blockchain makes it less prone to scalability issues faced by the likes of Bitcoin. The Byteball Network users will not have to deal with delays and problems related to block size and block discovery times. A total of 10^15 bytes will be issued by Byteball, 99 percent of which will be distributed among the community members over multiple rounds.

Byteball has emerged as a promising cryptocurrency platform that can meet the growing industry needs. By offering the huge Bitcoin community an opportunity to take part in the new revolution, the platform is expected to gain widespread adoption in the coming months. It is the ideal time for the existing Bitcoin and Byteball community members to take part in the distribution and watch the value of bytes grow in their possession.

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Byteball Cryptocurrency Platform Schedules Second Bytes ... - newsBTC

What’s the Difference Between Blockchains, Cryptocurrency, Audit … – Electronic Design

Blockchains are nothing more signed, peer-to-peer, distributed ledger databases. Okay, were all done here.

No?

Alright, blockchains are a bit more complicated than thatand more useful than they might sound. Most will know blockchains from BitCoin, one of the many cryptocurrencies based on them. But cryptocurrencies are only one use for blockchains. Before getting into applications, lets take a look at what a blockchain system looks like and how it operates.

To start, you need to know about public key encryption and digital signatures, because the blocks in a blockchain are digitally signed and the blockchain nodes are authenticated to each other (Fig. 1). This allows them to maintain their copy of the blockchain and determine whether information from other nodes is accurate. Those providing nodes to the blockchain must also have their own encryption keys so they can sign their blocks.

A blockchain is actually a logical entity maintained by a blockchain node. It is designed to be a mostly read-only database that grows over time as blocks are added (Fig. 2). Block payloads are accepted by a node and distributed to its peers. There is an acceptance process and verification of digital signatures, but eventually a block will be validated by enough nodes for the block to be permanently added to the blockchain.

At this point, the added block will be replicated in a majority of nodes, and the rest will eventually catch up. This means that all nodes will have a moving high water mark that the collection of nodes agrees with, but the databases will probably not be identical across all the nodes at any point in time.

The idea is that the payload of a block can be accessed by an external entity and used to generate a subsequent block that will get incorporated into the blockchain. A typical example is where a block contains a logical value that is split in half and assigned to two new blocks. The signatures for these new blocks can be used to allow one of the new blocks to contain this new value. Incorporating the new blocks into the blockchain will mark the original block as used and the two new blocks as active.

The system is robust because the blockchain database is replicated. All nodes can accept new blocks and all nodes do not have to be active or accessible all the time although a quorum is needed to activate new blocks.

The challenge for blockchain systems is to maintain performance and scalability as the system grows. A lot depends upon the frequency of updates and the number of systems involved overall in addition to the network. Many blockchain systems operate on the internet, but that isnt a requirement. They can be used in closed networks as well.

So, back to cryptocurrencies.

A cryptocurrency is a digital asset that can be an exchange medium. These days, cyptocurrencies tend to be implemented using a blockchain. This allows transactions using the cryptocurrency to occur in a decentralized, distributed fashion. Cryptocurrencies are relatively new (the aforementioned Bitcoin started in 2009).

The payload of a block indicates the amount of money involved in a transaction. How these values are created and manipulated depend upon the system being employed and the players involved in the system. Most cryptocurrencies use a timestamping scheme so a trusted third party does not need to be involved in the system.

Most cryptocurrency systems use a proof-of-work scheme to create a new block or BitCoin. BitCoin uses proof-of-work schemes are based on SHA-256. It is also used by LiteCoin. It is also possible to use proof-of-stake schemes as well.

BitCoins are created by mining. This uses the hashcash proof-of-work function that is designed to take a lot of computational cycles but not much else. Specialized hardware has been developed to create BitCoins. The amount of time needed to generate just one BitCoin varies significantly depending upon the hardware used.

Just about any application that requires a registered ledger is a candidate for blockchain support. Many embedded applications simply need a single database, but if there is a need for a more robust solution, blockchains might make sense.

Blockchains have been touted as solutions for all sorts of applications. For example, there are a number of efforts to use them in educational environments. In this instance, the various records, testing, and certifications a person earns are tracked using blocks. This approach allows for the distribution of this information. The blocks normally do not contain all the information, but rather, links to digitally signed packages.

Blockchains can also be used for conventional ledger-based applications. These applications include backend clearing and settlement. They could be used in real estate transactions, for tracking music or other multimedia content, or even for handling contracts.

Blockchain use is still in its infancy. Security remains a key component and it should not be overlooked when considering or using this technology. Incorrect implementations can cause significant security problems. Developers also need to consider the scope of implementation, frequency of updates, and hardware and storage requirements.

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What's the Difference Between Blockchains, Cryptocurrency, Audit ... - Electronic Design

Cryptocurrency: Leading Scam Coins – Eastern Daily News

There are hundreds of Cryptocurrencies out there right now and its impossible to know all of them by name. With Cryptocurrency now known by people in every corner of the world, developers are coming with new digital currencies to try and convince the users that their coin offers something new or different to what is being offered by the current coins. This has led to many users and investors falling victims to scam coins. Just because a coin is popular, with a lot of followers, doesnt qualify it to be a genuine cryptocurrency.

A lot of cases involving scam in Cryptocurrencies have been reported. According to Cointelegraph, Solomon Barnabas came out bravely to speak of his experience at the hands of vendors of scam coins. Mr. Solomon is quoted as saying that these scam vendors not only caused losses in terms of money, but also in terms of his credibility. Mr. Solomon is one of the many who have lost their money due to these scam coins who sell referral programs to unsuspecting members claiming that crowdfunding is necessary for adoption. These scam coins are restricting the growth of Cryptocurrency, despite campaigns from the already established coins that Crytocurrency is a genuine and worthy investment.

Moving on to the leading scam coins according to Angelina Lazar, an economist and cryptocurrency revolutionary, OneCoin is number one when it comes to scam coins. Angelina has become a popular figure in the Cryptocurrency world due to herwarwith OneCoin. She claimsthat in a months time she will have conclusive information on OneCoins dealings. After a war between her and OneCoin, Angelina claims that she succeeded in getting all bank accounts belonging to OneCoin shut down. She also claims that Chinas UnionPay is not interested in working with OneCoin anymore. According to Cointelegraph, the main problemthat OneCoin faces is that it is not a Cryptocurrency yet. This is an issuethat always arises once they realize that their product doesnt possess the fundamental characteristics of a genuine cryptocurrency.

S-Coin is another coin that Angelina Lazar thinks is a pyramid scheme. S-Coin, just like OneCoin, offers promise of hope of releasing a Cryptocurrency in the near future. According toCointelegraph, the act of attaching the price of one Euro to it without considering the basics such as demand and supply, raises a lot of questions. Another thing is that they asked the public to pay Bitcoins for S-Coins and claiming to send the coins via mail to their clients.

Cryptocurrencies are digital coins and hence if S-Coin is a real digital currency transactions should be made in a real blockchain.

EarthCoin is the next coin with characteristics of a scam coin. Most of its coins initial supply were generated by the developer. This raises eyebrows because coins should be generated over time through a form of mining. Its website is poor and there is no real information on what the coin intends to achieve and its current volume. All these point to signs of pump and dump schemes. Remember its the responsibility of you the investor to conduct proper due diligence on the coins you want to invest in.

You may also like:Bitcoin: Shut Down in Venezuela!

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Cryptocurrency: Leading Scam Coins - Eastern Daily News

Donations and Gratitude Pour In for Chelsea Manning’s Homecoming – Common Dreams


Common Dreams
Donations and Gratitude Pour In for Chelsea Manning's Homecoming
Common Dreams
These recent photos of Chelsea Manning "capture the reality of her prison life," according to her attorney Chase Strangio. "She is forced to keep her hair shorta source of pain and trauma that we have been fighting in court for years. But she wants ...

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Donations and Gratitude Pour In for Chelsea Manning's Homecoming - Common Dreams

Contribute to the Chelsea Manning Welcome Home Fund – Boing Boing

Chelsea Manning's lawyer Chase Strangio has set up an official Chelsea Manning Welcome Home Fund. Please join those of us who have contributed to help with her living and healthcare expenses. As a reminder of what she's endured:

If you are interested in offering an in-kind donation or other support, please e-mail: CMreleaseneeds@gmail.com.

Chelsea Manning Welcome Home Fund (GoFundMe / Chase Strangio)

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Contribute to the Chelsea Manning Welcome Home Fund - Boing Boing