It is eagerly awaited! The "Forteza" report, named after its rapporteur, Paula Forteza, Member of Parliament for La Rpublique en Marche (political party of actual President Emmanuel Macron), should finally be officially revealed on January 9th. The three rapporteurs are Paula Forteza, Member of Parliament for French Latin America and the Caribbean, Jean-Paul Herteman, former CEO of Safran, and Iordanis Kerenidis, researcher at the CNRS. Announced last April, this report was initially due at the end of August, then in November, then... No doubt the complex agenda, between the social movements in France, and the active participation of the MP in the Parisian election campaign of Cdric Villani, mathematician and dissident of La Rpublique en Marche... had to be shaken up. In any case, it is thus finally on January 9th that this report entitled "Quantum: the technological shift that France will not miss", will be unveiled.

"Entrusted by the Prime Minister in April 2019, the mission on quantum technologies ends with the submission of the report by the three rapporteurs Paula Forteza, Jean-Paul Herteman, and Iordanis Kerenidis. Fifty proposals and recommendations are thus detailed in order to strengthen France's role and international position on these complex but highly strategic technologies. The in-depth work carried out over the last few months, fueled by numerous consultations with scientific experts in the field, has led the rapporteurs to the conclusion that France's success in this field will be achieved by making quantum technologies more accessible and more attractive. This is one of the sine qua non conditions for the success of the French strategy", explains the French National Congress in the invitation to the official presentation ceremony of the report.

The presentation, by the three rapporteurs, will be made in the presence of the ministers for the army, the economy and finance, and higher education and research. The presence of the Minister of the Armed Forces, as well as the co-signature of the report by the former president of Safran, already indicates that military applications will be one of the main areas of proposals, and possibly of funding. Just as is the case in the United States, China or Russia.

Of course, the report will go into detail about the role of research, and of the CNRS, in advances in quantum computing and communication. Of course, the excellent work of French researchers, in collaboration with their European peers, will be highlighted. And of course, France's excellence in these fields will be explained. France is a pioneer in this field, but the important questions are precisely what the next steps will be. The National Congress indicates that this report will present 50 "proposals and recommendations". Are we to conclude that it will be just a list of proposals? Or will we know how to move from advice to action?

These are our pending questions:

- The United States is announcing an investment of USD 1.2 billion, China perhaps USD 10 billion, Great Britain about 1 billion euros, while Amazon's R&D budget alone is USD 18 billion... how can a country like France position itself regarding the scale of these investments? To sum up, is the amount of funds allocated to this research and development in line with the ambitions?

- Mastering quantum technologies are becoming a geopolitical issue between the United States and China. Should Europe master its own technologies so as not to depend on these two major powers? On the other hand, is this not the return of a quantum "Plan calcul from the 60s? How can we avoid repeating the same mistakes?

- Cecilia Bonefeld-Dahl, Managing Director of DigitalEurope recently wrote that Europe risks being deprived of the use of quantum technologies if it does not develop them itself. Christophe Jurzcak, the head of Quantonation, stated that it is not certain that France will have access to quantum technologies if it does not develop them itself. Is this realistic? Do we have the ressources?

- French companies currently invest very little in research in the field of quantum computing. With the exception of Airbus, the main feedback that we know of is in Canada, Australia, Spain, Germany, etc. Should we also help companies to embrace these technologies, or should we only finance research and development on the part of universities and business creators? Is there a support component for companies? So that technologies are not simply developed in France and sold elsewhere, but that France is the leading market for local developments.

See you on January 9th on Decideo for more details and our objective analysis of the content of this document.

More here:
January 9th: France will unveil its quantum strategy. What can we expect from this report? - Quantaneo, the Quantum Computing Source

"During the past year, researchers at QC Ware and Goldman Sachs have worked on analyzing the effect of noise on the accuracy of quantum algorithms for approximate counting," said Paul Burchard, lead researcher for R&D at Goldman Sachs. "The research confirmed that the current state-of-the-art quantum algorithms for Monte Carlo sampling and approximate counting will eventually lead to more efficient simulation, but that these algorithms are sensitive to noise in current quantum hardware. As a result, implementing these algorithms on near term quantum hardware will depend on techniques analogous to importance sampling that reduce the circuit depth of these algorithms."

"QC Ware's work with Goldman Sachs is essential to gaining a better understanding of how quantum computing algorithms can eventually be used in finance and how to make the practical use of quantum computing a reality faster," said Matt Johnson, CEO, QC Ware.

"QC Ware believes that quantum computing will significantly impact the future of finance," said Wim van Dam, Head of Quantum Algorithms, QC Ware. "Current quantum computers are limited in the number of qubits and the circuit depth that they support. We are focused on applying QC Ware's expertise in meeting this challenge by delivering access to QC Ware's Forge cloud service to test near-term quantum applications and help build in-house quantum computing skills."

Follow this link:
Goldman Sachs and QC Ware Join Forces to Develop Quantum Algorithms in Finance - Quantaneo, the Quantum Computing Source

In the prominent headlines, we keep reading about the attempts to keep the world fragmented by imposing tariffs and constraining the exchange of ideas in many ways, but information keeps spreading, and with the continued spread of information, the world progresses. John Thornhill writes in the Financial Times about how China is completely redesigning finance...

Yes, the United States is working through the FinTech era, where efforts are being made to use evolving finance and technology to deliver familiar services more efficiently, but the Chinese effort, writes Mr. Thornhill, is trying to do something entirely different.

China wants to change the platform.

In the past, I have written about how the United States banking industry has lagged behind the rest of the world is moving toward a more electronic and integrated finance platform. Even in some less-developed countries, payment systems have been evolving at a faster pace than in the United States because of the need to reduce the impact of geographical distances.

Only in the past year or two have some of the larger US banks moved forward, trying to develop a more advanced system.

Commercial banks in the United States have been the biggest and most important banks in the world and have concentrated upon the more sophisticated areas of finance, rather than the basic payments systems that are the foundation of the whole financial system. And, although there have been efforts to advance the financial platforms of the American banks, it is somewhat ironic that several of the largest banks have moved toward quantum computers to revolutionize activities like risk management and trading.

Richard Waters writes about how JPMorgan Chase & Co., Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have entered this space in the last couple of years.

For example, Mr. Waters quotes Paul Burchard, a senior researcher at Goldman Sachs: We think theres a possibility this becomes a critical technology.

And Despite the challenges, advances in quantum hardware have persuaded the banks the time has come to leap.

One can smile at this leap, but what about the basics of banking?

Here Mr. Thornhill writes that, The speed at which China has moved from a cash to a digital-payments economy is staggering: some $17 trillion of transactions were conducted online in 2017. Chinas mobile payment volumes are more than 50 times those in the US.

The growth has come from two corporate sources, Alibaba (BABA) and Tencent (OTCPK:TCEHY). The number of users is staggering.

However, the biggest potential lies ahead. As Mr. Thornhill states, the most enticing opportunities lie abroad. About 1.7 billion people in the world remain unbanked. When they come online they will be looking for cheap, convenient, integrated digital financial services, such as China has pioneered.

China has the chance to rewire 21st-century finance.

The implication here is that United States banks will have to adjust to this payment system that China is spreading to the rest of the world.

In other words, information spreads, and even though the spread of information may be constrained in certain parts of the world, it will expand in the areas where there are fewer constraints. This is the way it has always worked throughout history. Quantum computing is currently not the answer for the US banking system.

Oh, yes, it will be fun to design new types of algorithms for quantum computers, as Mr. Waters writes, and the first of these involves a class of optimization problems that take advantage of the probabilistic nature of quantum computing to analyze a large number of possible outcomes and pick the most desirable...

But who is going to own the payments platform?

Mr. Thornhill believes that the trend in finance over the next decade will be led by the Chinese and the payments system that is being developed within China.

This has all sorts of implications for the US banking system, the US economy and the US political system. A question coming from this conclusion concerns whether or not the US dollar can maintain its position within the world financial system.

When we start trying to insulate ourselves from the world and try and control little pieces of it for ourselves, we tend to lose our place in the bigger picture. This is just another one of the unintended consequences we find in the field of economics.

But it has huge implications for American banks and the United States banking system. Consequently, this has huge implications for investors in the commercial banking industry. And it should be put within the context of what is just happening in the United States.

I guess that banking in 2030 will not look at all like what is going on right now.

Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Read more:
The World Keeps Growing Smaller: The Reinvention Of Finance - Seeking Alpha

Northeastern researchers have used a powerful computer model to probe a puzzling class of copper-based materials that can be turned into superconductors. Their findings offer tantalizing clues for a decades-old mystery, and a step forward for quantum computing.

The ability of a material to let electricity flow comes from the way electrons within their atoms are arranged. Depending on these arrangements, or configurations, all materials out there are either insulators or conductors of electricity.

But cuprates, a class of mysterious materials that are made from copper oxides, are famous in the scientific community for having somewhat of an identity issue that can make them both insulators and conductors.

Under normal conditions, cuprates are insulators: materials that inhibit the flow of electrons. But with tweaks to their composition, they can transform into the worlds best superconductors.

The finding of this kind of superconductivity in 1986 won its discoverers a Nobel Prize in 1987, and fascinated the scientific community with a world of possibilities for improvements to supercomputing and other crucial technologies.

But with fascination came 30 years of bewilderment: Scientists have not been able to fully decipher the arrangement of electrons that encodes for superconductivity in cuprates.

Mapping the electronic configuration of these materials is arguably one of the toughest challenges in theoretical physics, says Arun Bansil, University Distinguished Professor of physics at Northeastern. And, he says, because superconductivity is a weird phenomenon that only happens at temperatures as low as -300 F (or about as cold as it gets on Uranus), figuring out the mechanisms that make it possible in the first place could help researchers make superconductors that work at room temperature.

Now, a team of researchers that includes Bansil and Robert Markiewicz, a professor of physics at Northeastern, is presenting a new way to model these strange mechanisms that lead to superconductivity in cuprates.

In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team accurately predicted the behavior of electrons as they move to enable superconductivity in a group of cuprates known as yttrium barium copper oxides.

In these cuprates, the study finds, superconductivity emerges from many types of electron configurations. A whopping 26 of them, to be specific.

During this transition phase, the material will in essence become some kind of a soup of different phases, Bansil says. The split personalities of these wonderful materials are being now revealed for the first time.

The physics within cuprate superconductors are intrinsically weird. Markiewicz thinks of that complexity as the classical Indian myth of the blind men and the elephant, which has been a joke for decades among theoretical physicists who study cuprates.

According to the myth, blind men meet an elephant for the first time, and try to understand what the animal is by touching it. But because each of them touches only one part of its bodythe trunk, tail, or legs, for examplethey all have a different (and limited) concept of what an elephant is.

In the beginning, we all looked [at cuprates] in different ways, Markiewicz says. But we knew that, sooner or later, the right way was going to show up.

The mechanisms behind cuprates could also help explain the puzzling physics behind other materials that turn into superconductors at extreme temperatures , Markiewicz says, and revolutionize the way they can be used to enable quantum computing and other technologies that process data at ultra-fast speeds.

Were trying to understand how they come together in the real cuprates that are used in experiments, Markiewicz says.

The challenge of modeling cuprate superconductors comes down to the weird field of quantum mechanics, which studies the behavior and movement of the tiniest bits of matterand the strange physical rules that govern everything at the scale of atoms.

In any given materialsay, the metal in your smartphoneelectrons contained within just the space of a fingertip could amount to the number one followed by 22 zeros, Bansil says. Modeling the physics of such a massive number of electrons has been extremely challenging ever since the field of quantum mechanics was born.

Bansil likes to think of this complexity as butterflies inside a jar flying fast and cleverly to avoid colliding with each other. In a conducting material, electrons also move around. And because of a combination of physical forces, they also avoid each other. Those characteristics are at the core of what makes it hard to model cuprate materials.

The problem with the cuprates is that they are at the border between being a metal and an insulator, and you need a calculation that is so good that it can systematically capture that crossover, Markiewicz says. Our new modeling can capture this behavior.

The team includes researchers from Tulane University, Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, and Temple University. The researchers are the first to model the electronic states in the cuprates without adding parameters by hand to their computations, which physicists have had to do in the past.

To do that, the researchers modeled the energy of atoms of yttrium barium copper oxides at their lowest levels. Doing that allows researchers to trace electrons as they excite and move around, which in turn helps describe the mechanisms supporting the critical transition into superconductivity.

That transition, known as the pseudogap phase in the material, could be described simply as a door, Bansil says. In an insulator, the structure of the material is like a closed door that lets no one through. If the door is wide openas it would be for a conductorelectrons pass through easily.

But in materials that experience this pseudogap phase, that door would be slightly open. The dynamics of what transforms that door into a really wide open door (or, superconductor) remains a mystery, but the new model captures 26 electron configurations that could do it.

With our ability to now do this first-principles-parameter-free-type of modeling, we are in a position to actually go further, and hopefully begin to understand this pseudogap phase a bit better, Bansil says.

For media inquiries, please contact Mike Woeste at m.woeste@northeastern.edu or 617-373-5718.

View original post here:
Superconductor or not? They're exploring the identity crisis of this weird quantum material. - News@Northeastern

Image Courtesy: Smithsonian Magazine. Image depicts some of the skull caps excavated from Ngandong.

In development of science, what should matter the most is the findings that help the humanity, the findings that have the potential to open up new paradigms or those which change our understanding of the past or open our eyes to the future. The year 2019 also witnessed several such findings in the science world.

HUMAN HISTORY THROUGH GENETICS

Tracing human history has been achieved with the realm of genetics research as well. Year 2019 also witnessed some of the breakthroughs about human history based on analysis done on ancient DNA found on fossils and other sources.

One of such important findings has come up with a claim about the origin of modern human. What it says is that anatomically, modern humans first appeared in Southern part of Africa. A wetland that covered present day Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe was where the first humans lived some 200,000 years ago. Eventually, humans migrated out of this region. How was the study conducted? Researchers gathered blood samples from 200 living people in groups whose DNA is poorly known, including foragers and hunter-gatherers in Namibia and South Africa. The authors analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a type of DNA inherited only from mothers, and compared it to mtDNA in databases from more than 1000 other Africans, mostly from southern Africa. Then the researchers sorted how all the samples were related to each other on a family tree. The data reveals that one mtDNA lineage in the Khoisan speakersL0is the oldest known mtDNA lineage in living people. The work also tightens the date of origin of L0 to about 200,000 years ago

Another very important and interesting finding in this field is that Homo Erectus, the closest ancestor of modern humans, marked its last presence on the island of Java, Indonesia. The team of scientists has estimated that the species existed in a place known as Ngandong near the Solo riverbased on dating of animal fossils from a bone bed where Homo Erectus skull caps and leg bones were found earlier. Scientists used to believe that Homo Erectus migrated out of Africa, into Asia, some two million years back. They also believed that the early human ancestor became extinct from the earth around 4 lakh years ago. But the new findings indicate that the species continued to exist in Ngandong even about 117,000 to 108,000 years ago.

So far, anything that is known about the Denisovans, the mysterious archaic human species, was confined to the Denisova caves in Altai Mountain in Siberia. Because the remnants of this ancient species could be discovered in the fossils of the Denisova cave only. But a recent report published in Nature about the discovery of a Denisovan jawbone in a cave in the Tibetan Plateau has revealed many interesting facts about archaic humans. The fossil has been found to be 1,60,000 years old with a powerful jaw and unusually large teeth, resembling the most primitive Neanderthals. Protein analysis of the fossil revealed that they are closer to the Siberian Denisovans.

Image Courtesy: dawn.com

QUANTUM COMPUTING AND SUPREMACY:

Image Courtesy: Quantum magazine.

Computer scientists nowadays are concentrating on going far beyond the speed that the present genre of computing can achieve. Now the principles of quantum mechanics are being tried to incorporate into the next-generation computing. There have been some advances, but the issue in this realm that has sparked controversies is Googles claim to have obtained quantum supremacy.

Sycamore, Googles 53-qubit computer has solved a problem in 200 seconds which would have taken even a supercomputer 10,000 years. In fact, it is a first step. It has shown that a quantum computer can do a functional computation and that quantum computing does indeed solve a special class of problems much faster than conventional computers.

On the other hand, IBM researchers have countered saying that Google hadnt done anything special. This clash indeed highlights the intense commercial interest in quantum computing.

NATURE, CLIMATE AND AMAZON FOREST

Image Courtesy: NASA Earth Observatory.

The man-made climate change has already reached a critical state. Climate researches have already shown how crossing the critical state would bring irreversible changes to the global climate and an accompanying disaster for humanity.

In the year 2019 also, the world has witnessed many devastations in the forms of storms, floods and wildfires.

Apart from the extreme weather events that climate change is prodding, the nature itself is in the most perilous state ever, and the reason is human-made environmental destruction.

The global report submitted by Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) reviewed some 15,000 scientific papers and also researched other sources of data on trends in biodiversity and its ability to provide people everything from food and fiber to clean water and air.

The report notes that out of 8 million known species of animals and plants, almost 1 million are under the threat of getting extinct and this includes more than 40% of amphibian species and almost a third of marine mammals.

The month of August witnessed an unprecedented wildfire in Amazon rainforest, the biggest in the world. The fire was so large-scale that the smoke covered nearby cities with dark clouds. It has been reported that Brazils National Institute for Space Research (INPE) recorded over 72,000 fires this year, which is an increase of about 80% from last year. More worrisome is the fact that more than 9,000 of these fires have taken place in the last week alone.

The fires have engulfed several large Amazon states in Northwestern Brazil. NASA, on August 11 noted that the fires were huge enough to be spotted from the space.

The main reason attributable to Amazon fires is widescale deforestation due to policy-level changes made by Bolsonaro regime. Many parts of the forest are now made open for the companies to set up business ventureseven the deeper parts of the forest. This has led to massive deforestation.

NEW DIMENSION TO THE TREATMENT OF EBOLA

Image Courtesy: UN News.

In the past, there had been no drugs that could have cured Ebola.

However, two out of four experimental trials carried out in Democratic Republic of Congo were found to be highly effective in saving patients lives. The new treatment method used a combination of existing drugs and newly developed ones. Named as PALM trial, the new method uses monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agencies.

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. The monoclonal antibodies bind to specific cells or proteins. The objective is that this treatment will stimulate the patients immune system to attack those cells.

KILOGRAM REDEFINED

Image courtesy: phys.org

Kilogram, the unit to measure mass was defined by a hunk of metal in France. This hunk of metal, also known as the International Prototype Kilogram or Big K, is a platinum-iridium alloy having a mass of 1 kilogram housed at the Bureau of Weights and Measures in France since 1889. The IPK has many copies around the world and are used to calibrate scales to make sure that the whole world follows a standard system of measurement.

But the definition of the Kilogram will no longer be the same. On the International Metrology Day this year, the way a Kilogram has been measured for more than a century has been changed completely. Now, the kilogram would be defined using the Planck constant, something that does not change.

Read the original:
Year 2019 in Science: History of Humans, Ebola Treatment and Quantum Computing - NewsClick

Light-fidelity

LiFi (or light fidelity) will transform how machines and seafarers communicate in the future. It is 10 times faster and far more reliable than wireless fidelity (wifi).

This technology, pioneered at the University of Edinburgh, UK, uses light waves instead of radio signals to transmit information. LiFi is therefore an ideal medium for real-time and deterministic wireless data communications.

Data connections with LiFi will offer consistent quality and transmission times in the microsecond range. It is suitable for mobile applications in maritime industrial robotics and automation technology a true enabler of autonomous ship technology for the future.

Satellite grappling

Maritime communications will be boosted by highly powered low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites providing VSAT connectivity. However, a key limiting factor to constructing and operating LEO (as well as other satellite constellations of the future) will be their decommissioning and disposal.

Space junk will be an increasingly challenging issue for the satellite industry in the coming decade because of the risk of a collision impacting communications.

A technology has emerged to remedy the situation. Altius Space Machines is developing methods for orbital rendezvous, capture, de-orbit and active debris removal. This relies on developing grappling fixtures and capture techniques.

OneWeb is building these fixtures in to its LEO satellites as it prepares to commission 30 per month over the next two years.

These same fixtures could be used for satellite servicing, in-space propellant transfer and on-orbit assembly, offering the potential to prolong the life of existing satellites and the reliability of maritime communications.

Quantum computers

Computer power is a key enabler of data analytics and simulation, so the faster the better. Supercomputers have made significant advances through the last decade. But future developments will be in quantum computing.

This technology uses qubits as tiny stores of data and a fundamental building block of quantum computers. It is already being used in financial research and will be used in data centres and cloud services.

Googles tests have shown a 53-qubit quantum computing chip calculated a task in 200 seconds compared with 10,000 years for conventional supercomputers.

That could transform artificial intelligence, analytics and simulations for design, reducing port congestion and seafarer training.

Harmonic radar

In man overboard situations, conventional radar struggles to identify the casualty. Technology has been developed by German institutes and a radar manufacturer that will improve search and recovery to save lives.

It is almost impossible to disseminate a person in the sea using radar because of the clutter from sea wave reflections disturbing the radar signal.

But the SEERAD technology boosts the signal from a person in the sea over this clutter using harmonic radar. It uses two radar antenna on a ship operating on different frequency bands and a frequency-converting transponder integrated into a lifejacket.

The benchmark for harmonic radar systems was identifying the target at 1 km with a transmission power of 1,000 W. Tests in the Baltic Sea in 2019 demonstrated SEERAD could locate a dummy with a transponder at a distance of 6 km with a transmission power of only 100 W.

Nanotechnology

The future for anti-corrosion and biofouling will involve nanotechnology. This will offer a pioneering solution to coatings to prevent the adherence of biomass. Nanostructured coatings using nanoparticulate substances could replace conventional paints.

These substances form and interact when corrosion and biofouling processes begin. They maximise the anti-adherent or repulsive capabilities of a surface, eliminating the need for biocide. Nanotechnology could also be used for fuel additives and alternative power systems in the future.

View original post here:
News Content Hub - Five emerging technologies for the 2020s - Riviera Maritime Media

According to The Washington Post, the Trump administration has floated a proposal that would limit high-tech exports to China.

Under the proposal, artificial intelligence (AI), robots, quantum computing, image recognition and self-driving tech would all be prohibited from being exported to China. This would include the tech that drives smartphone assistants, such as Siri.

If you think about the range of products this potentially implicates, thats massive. This is either the opening of a big negotiation with the industry and the public or a bit of a cry for help in scoping these regulations, R. David Edelman, the director of the Project on Technology, the Economy, & National Security at MIT, told The Washington Post.

At the very least, the administration seems intent on extending the restrictions to those countries that are already subject to U.S. arms embargoes, including China.

Needless to say, industry experts are not happy with the proposal. In a separate report by The Washington Post, individuals with the National Venture Capital Association expressed concern about how effective these proposed restrictions would be, versus the damage they would cause.

Almost everything is using AI in one way or another, said Jeff Farrah, NVCAs general counsel. So then is everything subject to export controls?

Farrah continued: Theres not a lot of faith from people in the industry that the government will get this right.

Continue reading here:
US Government Looks To Restrict Exports Of AI, Quantum Computing And Self-Driving Tech - WebProNews

Cloud computing was perhaps the most smoking point in innovation and business media all through 2019. This is nothing unexpected as the cloud segment has been developing quickly throughout the last few years. Synergy Research Group recently detailed a 37% by and large development year-over-year in the public cloud. They likewise note that it has taken only two years for the open IaaS and PaaS markets to twofold in size and their conjecture gives them multiplying again within the following three years. As New year starts with goals in our lives, similarly, for the IT business also consistently accompanies a goal in Cloud Computing.

Cloud computing and cloud storage have created crucial exposure and interest around the globe. Each organization needs cloud services in the two structures to keep up their everyday business activities. Organizations understand the most critical advantages to cloud innovation, and in any case, many are confused about its utilization. There is additionally the dread of cloud security at the time; nonetheless, with the expansion of time security layers in storage areas, organizations have gotten increasingly dedicated to utilizing it.

Cloud is scalable, robust, and cost-productive. Cloud innovation is useful for application development, utilizing the cloud for custom application development has demonstrated to be prevalent. We are simply starting to observe the development of this idea into a transformation. Cloud computing changes the manner in which we consider data, the manner in which organizations consider their operations and the manner in which engineers consider building. Lets look at some of the cloud computing trends that will take place in 2020.

As a Part of Cloud computing advancement, serverless computing has seen an ascent in popularity. Serverless computing, with an alert, is an extensive improvement. Not every person is prepared for it. The paradigm of advancing and making conventional innovation needs to go serverless. It redistributes the whole foundation. Its beginning and end apart from the application itself.

The happening of the serverless model, which has a conventional structure that uses a pay as you go system. These programs are truly flexible and enable organizations to have more command over their expenses in cloud hosting.

In 2019, it got dull to state we are going into a multi-cloud world as enterprises began routinely deploying workloads at hand over different Infrastructure-as-a-Service providers.

In any case, as applications become significantly increasingly portable, compute cycles simpler to procure in real-time, data integration platforms streamline connectivity, and vendors form cross-platform alliances, that multi-cloud trend might start looking more like an omni-cloud one in the near future.

When in doubt, the biggest organizations may before long be clients of all the hyperscalers and some niche suppliers for sure, enabling them to exploit progressively differentiated services, explicit deals and maintain a strategic distance from lock-in.

The Hearst Corp., which has more than 360 separate organizations, gives a genuine case of what might be on the horizon. The New York-based media, information and services organization as of late drew in its digital change across Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud. That omni-cloud approach gives Hearst designers and divisions the best competitive stance in the entirety of their pertinent markets.

There is no uncertainty that in the coming years there will be an improvement in the performance of computers. This is only conceivable on account of hardware advancement through quantum computing. As innovation progresses, so does the need to build effectiveness and computational capacity to fulfill future needs.

Quantum computing will empower computers and servers to process data at a quick pace contrasted with current benchmarks. Since the foundation of cloud computing is based on fast network systems that do get multiplied, cloud computing will play a critical job in expanding computing force and performance. So, the destiny of cloud computing in 2020 is going to shock us.

Companies select the Kubernetes platform best gathering their exceptional operational needs and abilities. That could be a prescriptive solution along with the Red Hat OpenShift model, an under-the-covers implementation from Pivotal, independent distributions of the preferences offered by Docker or Rancher Labs, or local supplier services like Google GKE, Microsoft AKS and AWS EKS.

The container orchestrator frequently then turns into the fabric empowering them to broaden applications across different cloud foundation, delivering on the multi-cloud guarantee. All things considered, Kubernetes isnt simply bringing a destroying ball to cloud hindrances, but at the same time, its making an unusual market dynamic.

The cloud infrastructure software vendor progressively being decoupled from the provider that possesses the buildings that house the server racks is leading to a few contributions that would have been incomprehensible a couple of years back.

Consider Googles Anthos service, which can run as effectively on Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure as it can on Google Cloud Platform. Or then coming VMware Tanzu, that jumps off-premises to traverse each one of those hyper-scalers also. The multi-cloud world gives off an impression of being one where client workloads span clouds, however, the cloud providers themselves routinely reach out into rival territory.

The workforce keeps on advancing, and so do the desires for its employees. By 2020, the number of individuals joining the workforce will as of now be proficient in the cloud and its benefits.

These digital natives produce thoughts from various mentalities, talk and think in an unexpected way, and use devices like WhatsApp or Twitter instead of the standard communication tools, for instance, email. The rise of digital natives includes two kinds of challenges: first, these digital natives will undoubtedly get digital workers together with digital factors in their everyday schedule, and furthermore, that organizations wont the older ages evade a similar workforce.

To hold laborers in the second group, practices, for example, reverse-monitoring/guided will turn out to be progressively famous and ordinary as it will incorporate training the older generation to instruct social media tools and present-day communication. Organizations need to limit the gap between cloud computing and other technological progressions and incorporate the two workgroups into one coordinated workforce.

Read more here:
Top 5 Cloud Computing Trends of 2020 - Analytics Insight

For the first time ever, specialists from the University of Bristol and the Technical University of Denmark have managed to quantum-teleportate data between two computer processors by using quantum entanglement.

The discovery is incredibly important when considering the fact that the researchers sent the information from one chip to another, while they were physically in two different places, and had had no links in between. The team of scientists has said that this recent significant discovery could lead to the use of quantum computers and quantum Internet.

Scientists used a couple of entangled photons on the chip and then conducted a quantum measurement on one of the photons. Due to the quantum entanglement process where the two particles are linked, they can communicate over incredibly long distances the other processor had its properties altered.

We were able to demonstrate a high-quality entanglement link across two chips in the lab, where photons on either chip share a single quantum state,explains quantum physicist Dan Llewellynfrom the University of Bristol in the UK.

Each chip was then fully programmed to perform a range of demonstrations which utilize the entanglement.

This attainment is borderline magical if you think about it. The team was able to alter one chip, and via quantum entanglement, the other processor had its quantum condition changed. Until now, researchers couldnt achieve this significant effort and were restricted to teleporting quantum bits, also known as qubits.

The flagship demonstration was a two-chip teleportation experiment, whereby the individual quantum state of a particle is transmitted across the two chips after a quantum measurement is performed,says Llewellyn.

This measurement utilizes the strange behavior of quantum physics, which simultaneously collapses the entanglement link and transfers the particle state to another particle already on the receiver chip.

This is a massive step forward the future and more so multi-dimensional quantum teleportation. If the study continues without encountering any issues, the future of quantum computing used for communication could be a significant instrument in the next few decades.

Known for her passion for writing, Paula contributes on both Science and Health niches here at Dual Dove.

Link:
Quantum Teleportation Has Been Achieved With the Help of Quantum Entanglement - Dual Dove

The smallest scale events have giant consequences. And no field of science demonstrates that better than quantum physics, which explores the strange behaviors of mostly very small things. In 2019, quantum experiments went to new and even stranger places and practical quantum computing inched ever closer to reality, despite some controversies. These were the most important and surprising quantum events of 2019.

If one quantum news item from 2019 makes the history books, it will probably be a big announcement that came from Google: The tech company announced that it had achieved "quantum supremacy." That's a fancy way of saying that Google had built a computer that could perform certain tasks faster than any classical computer could. (The category of classical computers includes any machine that relies on regular old 1s and 0s, such as the device you're using to read this article.)

Google's quantum supremacy claim, if borne out, would mark an inflection point in the history of computing. Quantum computers rely on strange small-scale physical effects like entanglement, as well as certain basic uncertainties in the nano-universe, to perform their calculations. In theory, that quality gives these machines certain advantages over classical computers. They can easily break classical encryption schemes, send perfectly encrypted messages, run some simulations faster than classical computers can and generally solve hard problems very easily. The difficulty is that no one's ever made a quantum computer fast enough to take advantage of those theoretical advantages or at least no one had, until Google's feat this year.

Not everyone buys the tech company's supremacy claim though. Subhash Kak, a quantum skeptic and researcher at Oklahoma State University, laid out several of the reasons in this article for Live Science.

Read more about Google's achievement of quantum supremacy.

Another 2019 quantum inflection point came from the world of weights and measures. The standard kilogram, the physical object that defined the unit of mass for all measurements, had long been a 130-year-old, platinum-iridium cylinder weighing 2.2 lbs. and sitting in a room in France. That changed this year.

The old kilo was pretty good, barely changing mass over the decades. But the new kilo is perfect: Based on the fundamental relationship between mass and energy, as well as a quirk in the behavior of energy at quantum scales, physicists were able to arrive at a definition of the kilogram that won't change at all between this year and the end of the universe.

Read more about the perfect kilogram.

A team of physicists designed a quantum experiment that showed that facts actually change depending on your perspective on the situation. Physicists performed a sort of "coin toss" using photons in a tiny quantum computer, finding that the results were different at different detectors, depending on their perspectives.

"We show that, in the micro-world of atoms and particles that is governed by the strange rules of quantum mechanics, two different observers are entitled to their own facts," the experimentalists wrote in an article for Live Science. "In other words, according to our best theory of the building blocks of nature itself, facts can actually be subjective."

Read more about the lack of objective reality.

For the first time, physicists made a photograph of the phenomenon Albert Einstein described as "spooky action at a distance," in which two particles remain physically linked despite being separated across distances. This feature of the quantum world had long been experimentally verified, but this was the first time anyone got to see it.

Read more about the unforgettable image of entanglement.

In some ways the conceptual opposite of entanglement, quantum superposition is enables a single object to be in two (or more) places at once, a consequence of matter existing as both particles and waves. Typically, this is achieved with tiny particles like electrons.

But in a 2019 experiment, physicists managed to pull off superposition at the largest scale ever: using hulking, 2,000-atom molecules from the world of medical science known as "oligo-tetraphenylporphyrins enriched with fluoroalkylsulfanyl chains."

Read about the macro-scale achievement of superposition.

Under normal circumstances, heat can cross a vacuum in only one manner: in the form of radiation. (That's what you're feeling when the sun's rays cross space to beat on your face on a summer day.) Otherwise, in standard physical models, heat moves in two manners: First, energized particles can knock into other particles and transfer their energy. (Wrap your hands around a warm cup of tea to feel this effect.) Second, a warm fluid can displace a colder fluid. (That's what happens when you turn the heater on in your car, flooding the interior with warm air.) So without radiation, heat can't cross a vacuum.

But quantum physics, as usual, breaks the rules. In a 2019 experiment, physicists took advantage of the fact that at the quantum scale, vacuums aren't truly empty. Instead, they're full of tiny, random fluctuations that pop into and out of existence. At a small enough scale, the researchers found, heat can cross a vacuum by jumping from one fluctuation to the next across the apparently empty space.

Read more about heat leaping across the quantum vacuum of space.

This next finding is far from an experimentally verified discovery, and it's even well outside the realm of traditional quantum physics. But researchers working with quantum gravity a theoretical construct designed to unify the worlds of quantum mechanics and Einstein's general relativity showed that under certain circumstances an event might cause an effect that occurred earlier in time.

Certain very heavy objects can influence the flow of time in their immediate vicinity due to general relativity. We know this is true. And quantum superposition dictates that objects can be in multiple places at once. Put a very heavy object (like a big planet) in a state of quantum superposition, the researchers wrote, and you can design oddball scenarios where cause and effect take place in the wrong order.

Read more about cause and effect reversing.

Physicists have long known about a strange effect known as "quantum tunneling," in which particles seem to pass through seemingly impassable barriers. It's not because they're so small that they find holes, though. In 2019, an experiment showed how this really happens.

Quantum physics says that particles are also waves, and you can think of those waves as probability projections for the location of the particle. But they're still waves. Smash a wave against a barrier in the ocean, and it will lose some energy, but a smaller wave will appear on the other side. A similar effect occurs in the quantum world, the researchers found. And as long as there's a bit of probability wave left on the far side of the barrier, the particle has a chance of making it through the obstruction, tunneling through a space where it seems it should not fit.

Read more about the amazing quantum tunneling effect.

This was a big year for ultra-high-pressure physics. And one of the boldest claims came from a French laboratory, which announced that it had created a holy grail substance for materials science: metallic hydrogen. Under high enough pressures, such as those thought to exist at the core of Jupiter, single-proton hydrogen atoms are thought to act as an alkali metal. But no one had ever managed to generate pressures high enough to demonstrate the effect in a lab before. This year, the team said they'd seen it at 425 gigapascals (4.2 million times Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level). Not everyone buys that claim, however.

Read more about metallic hydrogen.

Zap a mass of supercooled atoms with a magnetic field, and you'll see "quantum fireworks": jets of atoms firing off in apparently random directions. Researchers suspected there might be a pattern in the fireworks, but it wasn't obvious just from looking. With the aid of a computer, though, researchers discovered a shape to the fireworks effect: a quantum turtle. No one's yet sure why it takes that shape, however.

Read more about the quantum turtle.

Time's supposed to move in only one direction: forward. Spill some milk on the ground, and there's no way to perfectly dry out the dirt and return that same clean milk back into the cup. A spreading quantum wave function doesn't unspread.

Except in this case, it did. Using a tiny, two-qubit quantum computer, physicists were able to write an algorithm that could return every ripple of a wave to the particle that created it unwinding the event and effectively turning back the arrow of time.

Read more about reversing time's arrow.

A nice feature of quantum computers, which rely on superpositions rather than 1s and 0s, is their ability to play out multiple calculations at once. That advantage is on full display in a new quantum prediction engine developed in 2019. Simulating a series of connected events, the researchers behind the engine were able to encode 16 possible futures into a single photon in their engine. Now that's multitasking!

Read more about the 16 possible futures.

Originally published on Live Science.

Read more from the original source:

The 12 Most Important and Stunning Quantum Experiments of 2019 - Livescience.com