Market Highlights

According to Market Research Future (MRFR), The Global Linux Operating System Market is estimated to expand at an 18.5% CAGR from 2018 to 2023 (forecast period). The research report describes and examines the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the global market, including prospects and threats, drivers, and risks.

Linux is an open source operating system that interfaces between computer software and hardware. Linux OS consists of a Linux kernel that contains all the required components of a fully functioning operating system. The Linux OS consists of two execution modes user mode and kernel mode with a number of privileges. Linux OS is similar to other operating systems, such as Windows, OS X, or iOS, in graphical user interface and software applications like word processing applications. Linux OS is an open source software that makes the code used to build Linux free and available to the public to view, edit, and distribute. Linux OS is distributed to leading players in the Linux operating system market for various devices, such as workstations, desktops, and servers. The vendors also give support for the Linux-based OS that they distribute.

Market Dynamics

The growth in the market for Linux operating systems is due to the growing demand for open-source operating systems and the need for a more secure operating system than Windows. Moreover, the market is also seeking opportunities, due to the growing use of a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and the increasing adoption of Linux operating systems by small and medium-sized enterprises, to lower initial costs and improve business efficiency.

Several IT organizations are deploying Linux OS on desktops and workstations due to the advantages they offer in terms of usability and cost-effectiveness. Linux operating system-based workstations offer high operating performance. Linux OS is capable of managing multiple users simultaneously, which is the primary need for any IT organization. In addition, Linux OS provides virtualization, making it suitable for use in workstations. Red Hat, Inc. has a significant share in the distribution of Linux OS for enterprise workstations.

Linux-based operating system distributors dominate the server market for operating systems. Linux OS provides a secure platform for managing workloads running on bare metal, virtual machines, containers, or private or public clouds. Companies like Facebook, Amazon, Google, and Twitter run gigantic server clusters on the Linux operating system. Leading Linux OS servers are provided by CentOS, Debian, Ubuntu Server, Slackware, and Gentoo. For server Linux OS offers integrated control features for improved security, automated compliance across various environments, and simplified software updates, among others.

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Segmentation:

Linuxoperating system market forecasthas been segmented into type, device type, and application.

By type, the global market has been segmented into user mode and kernel mode.

By device type, the global market has been segmented into workstations and server.

By application, the global market has been segmented into enterprise (large enterprises, SMEs) and individuals.

Regional Analysis

Linux operating system market based on the region has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East & Africa, and South America.

North America had the highest market share of 36.5% in 2017, with a market valuation of USD 1.107.0 million; the market is projected to have a CAGR of 18.7% over the forecast period. Europe was the second-largest market in 2018, estimated at USD 929.9 million, and is expected to rise at the highest CAGR of 20.4%. The growth in the North American market is powered by the presence of key players such as Red Hat Inc. and IBM Corporation. In addition, the growing adoption of Linux-based server farms (data centers) by financial organizations in the region is expected to further boost the market for Linux operating systems in North America in the near future.

Key Players

The key players of the Global Linux Operating System Market are IBM Corporation (US), Ubuntu (Canonical Ltd) (UK), Linux Mint (UK), elementary, Inc., Debian, Manjaro, Arch Linux, SUSE, and Red Hat, Inc. (US).

Also Read:https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/linux-operating-system-market-is-expected-to-expand-at-an-185-cagr-which-regions-are-affected-due-to-covid19-2020-04-06?mod=mw_quote_news

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Linux Operating System Market 2019 Global Recent Trends, Competitive Landscape, Size, Segments, Emerging Technologies and Industry Growth by Forecast...

Boston, Mass, Oct. 05, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- InfoWorld the technology media brand committed to keeping IT decision-makers ahead of the technology curve announces the winners of its 2020 Best of Open Source Software Awards, also known as the Bossies. In its 14th year, InfoWorlds Bossies recognize 25 innovative products and next-generation tools that provide developers and IT organizations with the ability for easier, faster and more efficient digital transformation.

Selected by InfoWorlds editors and expert reviewers that work in IT and software development who have practical experience with the leading open source technologies the 2020 Bossie Award winners align with these four trending tech categories: data analytics, cloud computing, machine learning and software development.

Like a benevolent Borg, open source sweeps across the software universe year after year, bringing innovation to everything it touches, said Doug Dineley, Executive Editor of InfoWorld. From better ways to build web applications or machine learning models or automated workflows to faster and more powerful distributed databases and analytics, our 2020 Bossie Award winners will amaze you with what cutting-edge open source software has to offer.

To learn more about the 2020 Best of Open Source Software Award recipients, visitInfoWorld.com.

InfoWorlds 2020 Best of Open Source Software Award Winners:

About InfoWorld Best of Open Source Software AwardsEach year, InfoWorldsBossies(Best of Open Source Software awards) recognize the best open source software for businesses and IT professionals. InfoWorlds central mission has always been to identify the most innovative products available to developers and IT organizations. Increasingly, those products ranging from software development tools to cloud infrastructure software to big data platforms come from open source projects. Bossie winners are chosen byInfoWorldeditors and reviewers.

About InfoWorldInfoWorld from IDG is the leading resource for content and tools for keeping IT decision-makers ahead of the technology curve. The InfoWorld Expert Contributor Network provides a unique perspective in the market; our editors provide first-hand experience from testing, deploying and managing implementation of emerging enterprise technologies. InfoWorlds Web site (InfoWorld.com) and strategic marketing services provide a deep dive into specific technologies to help IT decision-makers excel in their roles and provide opportunities for IT vendors to reach this audience. InfoWorld is published by IDG Communications, Inc. Company information is available athttps://www.idg.com.

Follow InfoWorld on Twitter:@InfoWorld#Bossies2020Follow IDG on Twitter:@IDGWorldJoin InfoWorld on LinkedIn:http://www.infoworld.com/linkedinLike InfoWorld on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/InfoWorld

About IDG Communications, Inc.IDG Communications connects the world of tech buyers with insights, intent and engagement. We are the worlds largest media, data and marketing services company that activates and engages the most influential technology buyers. Our premium brands, including CIO, Computerworld, CSO, InfoWorld, Macworld, Network World, and PCWorld engage a quality audience of the most powerful audience of technology buyers providing essential guidance on the evolving technology landscape.

Our global data intelligence platform activates purchasing intent, powering our clients success. IDG Marketing Services creates custom content with marketing impact across video, mobile, social and digital. We execute complex campaigns that fulfill marketers global ambitions seamlessly with consistency that delivers quality results.

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InfoWorld Announces 2020 Bossie Award Winners for the Most Innovative Open Source Projects and Next Generation Tools - GlobeNewswire

Global Open Source Services Market Analysis By Size By Service Type, By End-Use Industry, By Geographic Scope And Forecast 2027

This press release was orginally distributed by SBWire

Leeds, West Yorkshire -- (SBWIRE) -- 10/05/2020 -- Open Source Services Market Size And Forecast

Open Source Services Market was valued at USD 12.96 Billion in 2018 and is projected to achieve USD 66.40 Billion by 2026, rising at a CAGR of 23.10% from 2019 to 2026.

The open-source services provide numerous advantages corresponding to excessive flexibility and effectiveness in performing tasks with advantages together with a reduction within the whole cost of ownership and owing to all these benefits the marketplace for open source services will develop at an unprecedented rate. The Global Open Source Services Market report gives a holistic analysis of the market. The report provides a complete evaluation of key segments, trends, drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, and factors which can be taking part in a considerable function out there.

Browse Report Details - https://www.researchreport.co.uk/Reports/Global-Open-Source-Services-Market

What are Open Source Services?

The open-source companies give attention to open-source technology by the entire technology spectrum. This features a server to data integration software program and demanding business solutions such as customer relationship management (CRM) and big data. The open-source services are customized as per corporations necessities across the open-source software program and it's made by primary choices such as conventional IT service offerings. The principle benefit of open source software is that it permits coders from completely different backgrounds and distinctive views to make common updates and enhance the worth and adaptability of the code. The open-source companies discover their makes use of in business process management, knowledge integration, cloud administration, project management, and web content management.

Global Open Source Services Market Overview

The expansion of global open supply services is exponentially growing owing to its rising availability of open source platforms, flexibility to change the code, and growing tech-savvy population. The open supply companies allow the customers to modify and work together with the source code. With the rise within the variety of customers altering the code and enhance its performance and adaptability, its value proportionally will increase too. The open-source companies present corporations with enhanced safety, high quality, and cost-effectiveness owing to which its market is gaining traction. Moreover, the open-source software program doesn't require customers to pay any upgrading prices or any type of multi-user charges and administration charges.

Nevertheless, some restraints are limiting the expansion of the worldwide open source services market. Creating an software from open-source software program requires intensive work reminiscent of collaboration instruments, knowledge synchronization, data administration, and load balancing and therefore could create setbacks for the expansion of the worldwide open source services market.

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Global Open Source Services Market Segmentation Analysis

The Global Open Source Services Market is segmented based on Service Type, End-Use Industry, and Geography.

Open Source Services Market by Service Type

- Support, Maintenance, and Management Services- Training Services- Consulting Services- Implementation

The above services are gaining adoption in startups as well as established businesses. The consulting services segment is expected to gain the largest market share during the forecast period owing to increasingly developing strategies by companies to make developers more aware of Linux and other open-source packages.

Open Source Services Market by End-Use Industry

- Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI)- Healthcare and Life Sciences- Manufacturing- Retail and Distribution- Others

The manufacturing industry is expected to register maximum growth in the market. The dominance of the manufacturing industry segment is credited to the high adoption of production planning, inventory planning, and demand forecasting.

Open Source Services Market by Geography

- North America- Europe- Asia Pacific- Rest of the world

The largest share in the market will be dominated by North America. The dominance of the north American region is attributed to the enterprises which are rapidly adopting the services owing to technological development in the region.

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Key Players In Open Source Services Market

The "Global Open Source Services Market" study report will provide a valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are

- Red Hat- Cisco Systems- Accenture- IBM- Infosys- Wipro- ATOS- HCL- HPE- Oracle

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Research Report UK offers Premium quality market intelligence, market research, industry analysis reports and forecast data for different domains across the business industry. Research Report totally understands the importance of market analysis for any strategy implementation in any organization or association. In order to provide the quickest and the most dependable solution, Research Report have associated with major organizations within market research and consultancy firms. This portfolio offers market analysis reports at one place for different business verticals. Research Report ensures to offer you the most reliable and qualitative market research available.

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Open Source Services Market - Growth Drivers and Restraints Impacting the Dynamics 2019 2027 - Press Release - Digital Journal

The health pandemic showed how much data science can help businesses and the glaring gaps that currently stop them from doing so.

It is not a new problem. Before the pandemic, C-level executives grumbled over data science teams' value in delivering actionable insights to businesses. Simultaneously, data scientists complained about data pipelines, DataOps difficulties, and integration with open source. The pandemic only made these shortfalls obvious.

TIBCO Software is looking to change this. And it announced a slew of new announcements that optimize data analytics to different business personas and bringing data science a step closer to playing an online game literally.

Partners Level Up

One key message that rang throughout TIBCO NOW, the company's annual event now gone virtual, is the partners' role.

"You'll see a story where we'll talk more and more about better together, about how our partners are becoming an immensely important part of TIBCO, especially in APJ. And also, how we're working with our partners, not just with our customers, to drive innovation," said Robert Merlicek, chief technology officer for APJ at TIBCO Software.

The partner program is now getting a significant upgrade. The reason: TIBCO Software sees partners as a competitive differentiator. "One of the things we've realized is that partners are more important as part of the ecosystem; they bring, not only capabilities but IP and domain knowledge, etc. So, you'll see these initiatives that have been set up," said Merlicek.

For example, Nick Lim, general manager for APJ at TIBCO Software, noted that his company is pushing its TIBCO Labs Partner Program. Previously, the Labs program involved key clients around the development of unique solutions for the business. Now, partners can join this program to develop unique value propositions. For CDOs and data science teams, it means that they can leverage key domain-specific or technology-specific solutions (e.g., blockchain in trade finance).

Merlicek describes this effort as bringing partners along "that journey with us around innovation."

Platforming on Spotfire

TIBCO is also becoming a platform. And they found it with the new release of TIBCO Spotfire 11. By transforming its most valuable product into a platform, the company hopes to drive its so-called Hyperconverged Analytics experience.

The reasons are practical. CDOs and data science teams know that their companies are drowning in data. Piecing together a complete picture across the different pockets of data stores in an organization is a common complaint.

Different data stores also create data gravity problems, where colossal data sets require data analytics tools to be deployed closer to them to overcome lag. This becomes an additional issue as companies start to move to edge computing and IoT analytics to finetune their business agility and dive into machine learning.

Even with this data, companies still struggle to unlock insights within their data sets. The pandemic is making this urgent as companies see innovation as their only means of survival. Good data management also allows them to deploy machine learning to do more with less and be proactive.

"And Spotfire version 11 has brought new capability to the vast majority of people to make it easier to get insights to leverage machine learning," said Merlicek.

At TIBCO NOW, the analytics giant announced its Hyperconverged Analytics vision, which it sees as shortening the time to insights. Spotfire 11 is positioned as the platform to shorten the time to custom analytics creation. Together, they create an environment that melds data management and data science with real-time data "to drive business insights, decisions, and actions," the company said in a press release.

The platform ecosystem

Spotfire is not alone. Three pivotal announcements aim to enhance the platform's use, mainly TIBCO Cloud Data Streams, TIBCO Any Data Hub, and TIBCO Spotfire Mods.

TIBCO Software claimed that its Cloud Data Streams "is one of the first cloud-based, real-time streaming BI platforms, delivering click-simple access to real-time data for visualizations in Spotfire." For CDOs and data science teams, they can easily detect emerging trends and patterns in real-time while being proactive to future conditions a key ask during pandemic times as companies navigate a rapidly changing landscape.

TIBCO Any Data Hub offers a data management blueprint for distributed data environments. The goals are accuracy and consistency, which can improve trust and better align data science output for business needs. By integrating with TIBCO Cloud Integration, TIBCO Cloud Mashery, TIBCO Cloud Metadata Management, and TIBCO EBX, it provides an all-in-one approach for data definitions. For CDOs and data science teams, it means "one data catalog, one point of access, one security model, and one governance system," said the press release.

Spotfire Mods, which takes a page from MODs made famous by games like Civilization, builds on TIBCO Software persona-based approach to analytics. The offering allows the development of purpose-built analytic apps that cater to different business users or industries.

This is an important step forward as apps can include both cloud-native or legacy components, allowing different personas to gain insights irrespective of the platform while accelerating reuse.

"I think this is the evolution of the analytical demand that we're seeing for a lot of customers. So, the notion is, I don't want to be reinventing the wheel; I don't want to be building custom base analytics capabilities on top of my platform and rebuilding those all the time and [creating] different versions. So, it's very much like the version of the app store," said Merlicek.

Multiplayer options

Another key challenge lies in open source integration. CDO and data scientists continue to grapple with integration with new features or tools while keeping platform complexity minimum.

"We have seen the vast rise in [Apache] Kafka, a lot of big data repositories around Hadoop, and we saw various open source technologies across a lot of different segments. Now, if you put your customer hat on, I've got information spread across everywhere. Now, it's important that you get access to those silos of data. And so what you'll see from a TIBCO perspective is that there's a vast number of open-end connectivity options in our analytics," said Merlicek.

During TIBCO NOW, the company announced TIBCO Data Virtualization 8.3 that supports a significantly expanded set of data adapters. Data science teams can connect to over 300 data sources, including support for streaming sources such as Apache Kafka, OSIsoft, and OPC Unified Architecture. It is also available on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace and AWS Marketplace and has a Dockerfile option.

Future-proofing

TIBCO Software moves come as the global industry looks for ways to embed analytics at all decision-making levels. They want analytics capabilities at all levels, from the front-office to decision-makers. Adding streaming IoT data to the mix can help companies become more responsive, but it also adds more complexities for data science teams.

Taking a platform approach, upgrading its partner ecosystem's breadth and depth, and embracing connectors and open source software makes sense. It allows data science teams to go beyond science and start doing more with the data. The days of bragging about bigger data science teams or having fancy visual analytics of reports are long gone.

The pandemic has also shifted how C-level engage with data. Dashboards and KPI monitoring fell short when global supply chains saw demands plummet, customer demands shift, and digitalization moved to an organization's front and center. As data-driven C-levels want more out of their data, TIBCO software is looking to plug the analytics gap between data and decision sciences.

Will customers bite into TIBCO Software's new play? It is too early, but the data analytics giant says game on.

Image credit: iStockphoto/gorodenkoff

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TIBCO Software Is About To Gamify Analytics - CDOTrends

WALTHAM, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Extending its commitment to open source development on legacy technology systems, Rocket Software, a global software leader in IBM Z and IBM i modernization, today unveiled Rocket Open AppDev for Z, a new and innovative way for the mainframe community to securely adopt, manage, and obtain support for IBM Z ported open software.

Open-source technologies offer users many modernization and efficiency benefits, especially in mainframe development. This often leads individuals and development teams to take a do-it-yourself approach when they download, install, and use these tools. Open-source tools can be combined with different products developed by different communities and can be undermanaged, leading to version latency and code vulnerabilities. This creates unintentional regulatory and security risks for the business. Rocket Open AppDev for Z helps mitigate the risks associated with open software, offering a solution that provides developers with a package of open tools and languages they want, along with the security, easy management and support IBM Z customers require.

We wanted to solve three common customer challenges that have prevented enterprises from leveraging the flexibility and agility of open software within their mainframe environment: user and system programmer experience, security, and version latency, said Peter Fandel, Rockets Product Director of Open Software for Z. With Rocket Open AppDev for Z, we believe we have provided the most innovative, secure path forward for our customers. Businesses can now extend the mainframes capabilities through the adoption of open source software, making IBM Z another valuable platform for their DevOps infrastructure.

To meet these common customer challenges, Rocket Open AppDev for Z provides:

Its not even a question anymore: open source is the future of technology, and organizations that dont embrace this are going to be left behind, said Milan Shetti, President of Rockets Z Systems Business Unit. We are focusing our innovation on creating tools that people need to access, use, and benefit from mainframe systems. This year has been extremely challenging, yet legacy systems have proven their worth every single day. Open source is only extending the amazing results that these technologies power.

For more information about Rocket Open AppDev for Z, please visit the Rocket website.

About Rocket Software

Rocket Software empowers organizations to create legendary impact in the world through innovation in legacy technologies. With deep expertise in IBM Z, IBM Power, and database systems and connectivity solutions, Rocket provides solutions that power tens of thousands of global businesses, solving real problems and making real-world impact. Rocket is a privately held U.S. corporation headquartered in the Boston area with centers of excellence strategically located throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.

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Rocket Software Renews Commitment to Open Source on the Mainframe With New Product Offering - Business Wire

Nevada farmer Denise Moyle will use OpenET to plan irrigation of her alfalfa fields. Credit: Photo courtesy of Glow by G Photography

Building upon more than two decades of research, a new web-based platform called OpenET will soon be putting NASA data in the hands of farmers, water managers and conservation groups to accelerate improvements and innovations in water management. OpenET uses publicly available data and open source models to provide satellite-based information on evapotranspiration (the ET in OpenET) in areas as small as a quarter of an acre and at daily, monthly and yearly intervals.

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere, by water leaving the soil (evaporation) and water lost through plant leaves and stems (transpiration). Evapotranspiration is an important measure of how much water is used or consumed by agricultural crops and other plants.

In the arid western United States, where the majority of water used by people is for irrigation to grow crops, having an accurate measure of evapotranspiration is critical to balancing water supplies and water demand. Until OpenET, there has not been an operational system for measuring and distributing evapotranspiration data at the scale of individual fields across the western United States. OpenET will be available to the public next year, supplying evapotranspiration data across 17 western states.

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere, by water leaving the soil (evaporation) and water lost through plant leaves and stems (transpiration). Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab

What OpenET offers is a way for people to better understand their water usage and, more importantly, their water loss through evapotranspiration, said Denise Moyle, an alfalfa farmer in Diamond Valley, Nevada, and an OpenET collaborator. Giving farmers and other water managers better information is the greatest value of OpenET.

The OpenET platform is being developed through a unique collaboration of scientists, farmers and water managers from across the western United States, as well as software engineers specializing in data access and visualization for large Earth observation datasets.

Led by NASA, the nonprofit Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), the Desert Research Institute (DRI) and data applications developer HabitatSeven, with funding from the Water Funder Initiative and in-kind support from Google Earth Engine, OpenET primarily uses satellite datasets from the Landsat program, which is a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Additional data comes from NASAs Terra and Aqua satellites, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES series of satellites and others.

OpenET will empower farmers and water managers across the West to build more accurate water budgets and identify stress, resulting in a more resilient system for agriculture, people and ecosystems, said Maurice Hall, head of EDFs Western Water program. We envision OpenET leveling the playing field by providing the same trusted data to all types of users, from the small farmer to regional water planners.

Californias Delta Watermaster Michael George is responsible for administering water rights within the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, which supplies drinking water to more than 25 million Californians and helps irrigate 3 million acres of farmland. For him, the development of OpenET signals an exciting opportunity for the future of water in the West.

A screenshot of the OpenET interface. Credit: NASA

OpenET represents a game-changing leap forward for water management, George said. It will help landowners and water managers in the Bay-Delta save millions of dollars that would otherwise have to be spent on water meters to more accurately measure water use, as required by state law.

In addition to helping Delta farmers save costs, OpenET data will improve water management in the area, according to Forrest Melton, program scientist for NASAs Western Water Applications Office. He is also with theNASAAmes Research CenterCooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology (ARC-CREST).

The importance of careful, data-driven water management in the Delta and other regions cant be overstated, he explained. In addition to supplying water for drinking and growing food, the Delta provides critical habitat for endangered species. For a water manager, trying to balance all of these demands is almost impossible without accurate, timely data.

The OpenET team is currently collaborating with water users on several case studies across the West. In Californias Central Valley, the Rosedale-Rio Bravo Water Storage District is already starting to use OpenET data as the foundation for an online water accounting and trading platform to help farmers in the district manage groundwater sustainably. In Colorado, high-altitude ranchers will be using OpenET as they experiment with different irrigation strategies to conserve water.

Landsat science team member Justin Huntington of DRI emphasized the value of getting this type of early feedback on the OpenET system from future users. Working closely with farmers and water managers on the design of OpenET has given us invaluable insights into how to best make ET data available to support water management in Diamond Valley and other basins across the West, he said.

Because the OpenET system uses open source software and open data sources, it will help water managers establish an agreed upon measure of evapotranspiration across agricultural areas, said Melton. Different estimates of evapotranspiration have previously been a source of confusion for water managers, he said, explaining that water users and managers currently have to evaluate a variety of methodologies to measure water use and evapotranspiration, which often leads to different numbers and debates over accuracy.

OpenET provides a solution to those debates, said project manager Robyn Grimm. OpenET brings together several well-established methods for calculating evapotranspiration from satellite data onto a single platform so that everyone who makes decisions about water can work from the same playbook, using the same consistent, trusted data, said Grimm, who is also a senior manager at EDF.

The need for a resource like OpenET is also pressing beyond California and across the American West, Melton said.

Our water supplies in the West are crucial to providing food for the country and beyond, and yet these supplies are under increasing levels of stress, Melton said. OpenET will provide the data we need to address the challenge of water scarcity facing many agricultural regions around the world and ensure we have enough water for generations to come.

Read this article:
OpenET: Transforming Water Management in the U.S. West With NASA Data - SciTechDaily

Commentary: Percona runs open source databases as managed services, which makes the company popular with customers but less so with competitors.

Image: iStock/sdecoret

Percona, a company that offers open source databases as managed services, has an ambitious goal: "... anyone, anywhere, should have free access to the software and tools necessary to turn their ideas into a viable business." The only problem with this high-minded sentiment? The software to which Percona wants to provide "free access" is owned and/or primarily developed by others, who may not like sharing revenue with Percona.

Indeed, as Percona co-founder and CEO Peter Zaitsev put it in an interview, "We're in an interesting situation, because for MySQL [Oracle] and MongoDB, we are working to increase the adoption of technology by promoting the technology. But at the same time, we often can be seen as a competitor by the company." In such a world of open source but (relatively) closed governance of the code, does open source even matter?

Absolutely, said Zaitsev. Let's look at why.

SEE:Special report: Prepare for serverless computing (free PDF)(TechRepublic)

Long before Oracle acquired its way into ownership of MySQL, very few outside the MySQL AB engineering team contributed to the core of the project, said Zaitsev, who once worked at MySQL AB. Instead the focus has always been about "driving the product roadmap based on our customer needs," he said. The MySQL engineering team under Oracle's guidance has continued this practice. Yes, there are some small changes accepted here and there by outsiders, including from Percona (which is filled with MySQL experts), but MySQL's open source license doesn't change its closed project governance.

Historically, this hasn't really mattered, because few are technically competent to contribute, said Zaitsev. "You really need to be a damn good C developer to contribute things into the core. [Of all those who use a database like MySQL,] I would say 90% of them probably don't even know C." As such, most MySQL users were not in a position to become contributors.

But this doesn't mean the open source license doesn't matter. Even if Percona is barred from making larger MySQL contributions upstream, access to the source code enables it to understand and support the code:

Some of our customers say, 'Percona offers amazing support. Why don't you support Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server?' In this case, we don't have access to the source code, so we won't ever be able to understand the software as well as the teams inside Oracle [and Microsoft], or provide fixes to our customers. We will be forever second class, if we choose to do that. In open source software, Percona engineers have the same access to the source code as MongoDB or [MySQL] engineers. Assuming we have equally good engineers, frankly, we can provide equally good services.

Except, according to Zaitsev, the MySQL engineering team has taken to "helicopter open source." What does this mean? "They do not really provide all the details of all the patches in the source code, but periodically just dump whole new versions to GitHub." Why go this route? Because, said Zaitsev, this makes it "harder for people who fork MySQL to cherry-pick fixes, like security fixes, and apply them."

SEE: How to build a successful developer career (free PDF) (TechRepublic)

This approach makes sense from an anti-competitor stance, but it's not good for community or customers. Or, for that matter, for the company engaging in the practice. By taking the "helicopter" route, for example, the MySQL team blocks itself off from community insight into better approaches to security, for example. "Getting that feedback before you actually release your software is valuable, because you get better quality," said Zaitsev.

What if you could get that same database (or other software) for free? Proprietary but 100% free? Wouldn't this be just as good as open source, I asked?

No, Zaitsev replied, for a few reasons.

First, developers might not want to be locked into infrastructure that they can't easily change--something that might be of particular concern for developers outside the US, especially in our current geopolitical climate. Zaitsev, who originally comes from Russia, told about how "in Russia in the 1990s, I could buy Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server for half a dollar." Sounds great, right? Well. "The relations between the United States and Russia went south, and some of the companies could not, because of sanctions, get their Oracle updated. They couldn't get the new updates and security fixes."

Even if you don't take geopolitical issues into account, Zaitsev declared, "If you look at especially long-term perspectives, there is a lot of one-sided control" with a proprietary license, even one that initially comes at zero cost.

Percona tries to remove that "one-sided control" by religiously adhering to an open source project's upstream. "If your application runs on MySQL and doesn't run on Percona Server, that is a bug, no questions asked," Zaitsev concluded. Where the Percona code base diverges (perhaps adding technology missing from the open source build of MySQL or MongoDB, for example), Percona open sources all of its code, putting customers in control.

Those customers, in turn, are moving to open source databases. With very few exceptions, all of the most popular databases over the last 10 years have been open source. While enterprises will be reluctant to go through the bother (and license fee fight) of swapping out a proprietary database, new applications are almost always going open source. For these, Percona hopes its 100% open source approach will be a winning strategy. So far, so good.

Disclosure: I work for AWS, but the views herein are mine and don't reflect those of my employer.

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Why Percona wants your database to be open source, and not everyone is happy about it - TechRepublic

Open source projects can become victims of their own success. What can developers do to secure their open source software?

(This article was published in slightly different form for Black Hat 2020.)

One of the reasons behind the popularity of open source is the volunteer communities improving and updating code. Its what software developer and author Eric Raymond called Linuss Law in action: with many eyes looking at code, all bugs become shallow.

A Purdue University study showed that Linuss Law does work. Open source communities regularly issue patches faster than their proprietary software counterparts. But Linuss Law only works when there are enough eyes on the code. And theres no guarantee that the community behind any given open source project will continue maintaining the code. Of the 1,200+ codebases examined for the 2020 Open Source Security and Risk Analysis (OSSRA) report, 88% contained open source components that had had no development activity in the last two years.

OpenSSL, an open source encryption protocol, secures a substantial portion of the web: as much as two-thirds of all active websites, plus hundreds of thousands of email servers, chat servers, and VPNs, as well as the network infrastructure of various military, government, and financial institutions.

In 2011, a programming bug that could allow an attacker to intercept information secured by OpenSSL was introduced into the code, where it remained undiscovered for almost three years before being reported by a Google developer. Within 24 hours of its disclosure, the vulnerability, dubbed Heartbleed, was used to break into a major corporation and steal taxpayer data from the Canada Revenue Agency, according to a report in The New York Times. Although a patch was quickly issued, Heartbleed still lives on in hundreds of thousands of devices, with Shodanan Internet of Things search enginereporting over 91,000 instances of the vulnerability as of late 2019.

Steve Marquess, the former CEO of the OpenSSL Foundation, noted in ablog postthat the coding error leading to Heartbleed was partially attributable to developer burnout. In 2011 there was only one overworked, full-time developer on the OpenSSL project. There should be at least a half dozen full-time OpenSSL team members, not just one, Marquess wrote. And that developer should be able to concentrate on the care and feeding of OpenSSL without having to hustle commercial work. Things have improved somewhat in 2020. There are now 18 contributors listed on the OpenSSL site and their work is funded through at least 2021, thanks to a grant from the Linux Foundation Core Infrastructure Initiative, a project dedicated to distributing resources to open source projects that are critical to the security of the internet. But the Heartbleed bug is what happens when people ignore the TANSTAAFL price.

In the early 19th century, free lunches were a popular saloon promotion. Patrons still had to buy a beer or other drink in order to wash down whatever food the barkeep offered, and that was the catch. Profits on whiskey and beer sales more than compensated the saloon for putting out the free lunch spread, which often was little more than soup, crackers, and problematic pickled eggs. Coined by science fiction author Robert Heinlein, TANSTAAFL (There aint no such thing as a free lunch) reminds us that things always have to be paid for, whether the price is evident or not.

With popular open source code, the TANSTAAFL price has been the increased pressure on its maintainersthe people who handle bug reports, feature requests, code reviews, and code commits for their free software. Increasingly, as open source use grows in popularity, the TANSTAFFL price has been developer burnout and their open source projects being abandoned.

Its the tragedy of the commons in actiona resource growing so much in popularity that it cant remain viable unless the community shifts to sustenance rather than exploitation. Witness the Twitter thread started by James M. South, creator of several popular open source solutions, who bemoaned the fact that, #ImageSharp passed 6 million downloads this weekend and Im a lot less happy about it than I probably should be.

Why? South goes on in several follow-up tweets, Over 5 years of development there have only been 98 collaborators, 23 of which have made more than 10 commits. its not about money, it never was and never will be, its about sustainability.

Several other developers chimed in with their experiences: a similar story for #FluentValidation. Over 41 million downloads 140 contributors, but only 1 has made more than 10 commits. Same with ReportGenerator 15 million downloads but not a single sponsor.

Too few peopleand their organizationswho rely on open source software are contributing to the projects whose open source they use. If youre a developer and have a favorite open source component, you can contribute to its development through development, sharing your modifications, bug reporting, crowd-funding, letting the developers know how you are using it, and helping others get started. That last may be the most important thing you can do for any open source projecthelping build a user community large enough to sustain the project.

While development support is important, its not necessarily just about the code. Whether youre a writer, translator, designer, or information security or legal specialist, the chances are good that you too can help support the community in some fashion.

Download the 2020 Open Source Security and Risk Analysis (OSSRA) Report

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TANSTAAFL! The tragedy of the commons meets open source software - Security Boulevard

OSINT definition

OSINT, or open source intelligence, is the practice of collecting information from published or otherwise publicly available sources. OSINT operations, whether practiced by IT security pros, malicious hackers, or state-sanctioned intelligence operatives, use advanced techniques to search through the vast haystack of visible data to find the needles they're looking for to achieve their goalsand learn information that many don't realize is public. Open source in this context doesn't refer to the open source software movement, although many OSINT tools are open source; instead, it describes the public nature of the data being analyzed.

OSINT is in many ways the mirror image of operational security, or OPSEC, which is the security process by which organizations protect public data about themselves that could, if properly analyzed, reveal damaging truths. IT security departments are increasingly tasked with performing OSINT operations on their own organizations in order to shore up operational security.

During the 1980s, the military and intelligence services began to shift some of their information-gathering activities away from covert activities like trying to read an adversarys mail or tapping their phones to discover hidden secrets. Instead, effort was put into looking for useful intelligence that was freely available or even officially published.

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What is OSINT? 8 top open source intelligence tools - CSO Online

Open Source Software Market Forecast 2020-2026

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Global Open Source Software Industry 2020 Market Research With Size, Growth, Manufacturers, Segments And 2026 Forecasts Research - The Daily Chronicle