United State, Washington: North America features a significant international presence within the Data Encryption Software market in 2021 amid the center East/Africa, Europe, and therefore the Asia Pacific, respectively

According to SMIs latest research, the Data Encryption Software market is expected to achieve the greatest growth between 2021 and 2028. The focus of this Data Encryption Software market intelligence report is based on skilled research insights and complete chain drives market dynamics to focus on current trends, industry financial overview, and historical data evaluation. Data Encryption Software market research report provides detailed information on the following aspects: industry size, share, growth, segmentation, manufacturers and progress, main trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, deployment models, opportunities, strategies, future roadmaps, and Annual forecast till 2028, etc.

This market research report surely provides productive ideas with which products can be made more effective and striking in the competitive market. The market data analyzed in this Data Encryption Software market report makes you achieve the business goal and objective in the predetermined time frame. Data Encryption Software market consists of a series of graphical statistics, tables, figures, and data analysis presentations, the target is described in detail with transparent targets along with potential company stakeholders. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis are also conducted.

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It offers insights into possible growth strategies adopted by the marketing channel, offering in-depth analysis for potential entrants or existing rivals in the Programmatic Advertising Platform. The current Data Encryption Software market is mainly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Most projects in China, the United States, Germany, South Korea, and many more countries have been postponed. We give you comprehensive data of the relevant industry worldwide market reports here that will aid and support your firm in all possible ways.

Worldwide Key-Players/Companies the major key players that are operating in the Data Encryption Software market are:Dell, Eset, Gemalto, IBM, Mcafee, Microsoft, Pkware, Sophos, Symantec, Thales E-Security

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Full in-depth analysis of the parent market.Important changes in market dynamics.Detailed overview of Data Encryption Software MarketChanging market dynamics of the industryCurrent market sizeMarket forecastMarket opportunitiesFormer, on-going, and projected market analysis in terms of volume and value.Assessment of niche industry developments.Competitive landscape of Data Encryption Software Market Products

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This report forecasts revenue growth at the global, regional, and local levels and provides an analysis of the most recent industry trends from 2021 to 2028 in each of the segments and sub-segments. Some of the major geographies included in the market are given below:

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Data Encryption Software Market 2020-2028: COVID-19 Analysis, Key Vendors, Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Threats Explore By Dell, Eset,...

On January 14, 2021, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit vacated a $4.3 million civil monetary penalty that the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) imposed against the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (M.D. Anderson). OCR ordered the penalty in 2017 following an investigation into three data breaches suffered by M.D. Anderson in 2012 and 2013, finding that M.D. Anderson had violated the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Health Information and Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act). The Court, however, held that the penalty was arbitrary, capricious, and otherwise unlawful, in part based on its interpretation of the HIPAA Rules.

The Court held that the HIPAA Security Rule does not mandate bulletproof protection of electronic protected health information (ePHI). Instead, the Court found that M.D. Anderson had adopted sufficient mechanisms to encrypt ePHI. It also held that the passive loss of information did not contravene certain of HIPAAs restrictions on the disclosure of ePHI. Finally, the Court concluded that HHSs penalty exceeded the statutory maximum and was inconsistent with other penalties imposed in similar situations. The Fifth Circuits decision may provide support for covered entities that seek to challenge penalties associated with HIPAA violations in the future and may invite HHS to consider revisions to its HIPAA enforcement regulations.

Background

The civil monetary penalties imposed against M.D. Anderson stem from three data breaches experienced in 2012 and 2013. The court record contained the following facts: An M.D. Anderson faculty members laptop was stolen in 2012. The laptop contained ePHI relating to almost 30,000 individuals and was not encrypted or password-protected. Then, in 2012 and 2013, two M.D. Anderson employees lost unencrypted USB thumb drives, both of which held ePHI for more than 5,000 individuals. In total, these breaches resulted in the unauthorized disclosure of ePHI for about 35,000 people.

After its investigation, OCR concluded that M.D. Anderson violated two provisions of the HIPAA Rules: (1) The failure to [i]mplement a mechanism to encrypt ePHI or adopt some other reasonable and appropriate method to limit access to patient data (which the court referred to as the Encryption Rule); and (2) the unpermitted disclosure of protected health information (which the court referred to as the Disclosure Rule). HHS also determined that M.D. Anderson had reasonable cause to know it violated these rules. As a result of this investigation, OCR imposed a $4.3 million dollar fine against M.D. Anderson. M.D. Anderson appealed the penalty to an administrative law judge (ALJ), who upheld the penalty in June 2018. HHSs Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) subsequently affirmed the ALJs decision, and M.D. Anderson sought judicial review from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which reviewed the case de novo. The Fifth Circuit vacated the ALJs ruling and held that OCRs enforcement actions were arbitrary, capricious, and unlawful for the following four reasons.

The Encryption Rule

The Encryption Rule, as part of the HIPAA Security Rule, requires a HIPAA-covered entity to [i]mplement a mechanism to encrypt and decrypt electronic protected health information or adopt some other reasonable and appropriate method to limit access to patient data. See 45 C.F.R. 164.312(a)(2)(iv). Upon reviewing the evidence, the Court found that M.D. Anderson had in fact implemented a mechanism. Specifically, M.D. Anderson required employees to sign an Acceptable Use Agreement acknowledging their obligation to encrypt protected health information and provided them with an IronKey to encrypt and decrypt mobile devices. M.D. Anderson also had a mechanism to encrypt emails and implemented mechanisms for file-level encryption. Although HHS argued that M.D. Anderson should have done more, pointing to internal documents that indicated M.D. Anderson wanted to strengthen its ePHI security, the Court rejected this irrational argument, noting that M.D. Andersons desire to do more in the future did not mean that it had failed to meet the Security Rules requirement to encrypt patient data in the past. Furthermore, the Court determined that the fact that the lost and stolen items were unencrypted was not evidence that M.D. Anderson lacked a mechanism for encryption. Instead, it simply meant that either these employees failed to abide by the mechanism or that M.D. Anderson failed to properly enforce the mechanism.

In vacating the penalties, the Court noted that the regulation requires only a mechanism for encryption. The Encryption Rule does not require that the mechanism provide bulletproof protection for all systems that contain ePHI; nor does it specify what form the mechanism should take. Entities may satisfy the Encryption Rules requirements by placing obligations on their employees through an Acceptable Use Agreement or providing tools to encrypt ePHI. The Court found that M.D. Anderson satisfied the requirement to have a mechanism and emphasized that if HHS wants to police just how herculean a covered entity must be in encrypting ePHI, the Government can propose a rule to that effect and attempt to square it with the statutes Congress enacted.

The Disclosure Rule

The Disclosure Rule, as part of the HIPAA Privacy Rule, prohibits covered entities from disclosing protected health information (PHI), including ePHI, unless it is disclosed in accordance with HIPAA. See 45 C.F.R. 164.502(a). HIPAA defines disclosure as the release, transfer, provision of access to, or divulging in any manner of information outside the entity holding the information. Id. 160.103. The ALJ had determined that M.D. Anderson released PHI, or in this instance ePHI, by losing control of it, thereby violating the Disclosure Rule. Under the ALJs interpretation, a covered entity violates the Disclosure Rule whenever it loses control of ePHI, regardless of whether anyone outside of the covered entity accesses it. However, the Fifth Circuit held that this interpretation of disclosure departed from the regulation in at least three ways.

In the present case, the Court found that the facts did not support a violation of the Disclosure Rule. The M.D. Anderson employees did not affirmatively disclose ePHI. Rather, employees merely lost the ePHI or had it stolen from them. In addition, HHS could not prove that any third party outside of the company had received the ePHI. Thus, there was no evidence to support that M.D. Anderson violated the Disclosure Rule. The Court rejected HHSs argument that its interpretation of disclosure would make it harder for the agency to enforce the regulation, noting that it was the sort of policy argument that HHS could vet in a rule making proceeding.

Failure to Impose Similar Penalties on Other Covered Entities

Highlighting the bedrock principle of administrative law that an agency treat like cases alike, the Fifth Circuit held that the ALJ had acted arbitrarily and capriciously by imposing high penalties against M.D. Anderson but not against other covered entities in similar circumstances. M.D. Anderson provided examples of other covered entities that similarly violated HHSs interpretation of the Encryption Rule and faced no financial penalty, such as one case where the covered entitys employee lost an unencrypted laptop containing ePHI of over 33,000 patients during a burglary, yet HHS chose to impose no penalty without any explanation. The Court emphasized that an administrative agency cannot hide behind the fact-intensive nature of penalty adjudications to ignore irrational distinctions between like cases.

Amount of Penalties Contradicted the Enforcement Rule

The Court acknowledged that penalties associated with violations of the Encryption Rule and the Disclosure Rule may vary depending on the level of culpability. The ALJ determined that M.D. Andersons violations were due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, for which the HIPAA statute establishes the statutory cap on civil monetary penalties at no more than $100,000 per calendar year. See 42 U.S.C. 1320d-5(a)(1)(B), (a)(3)(B). Nevertheless, the ALJ determined the per-year statutory cap was $1,500,000, and assessed M.D. Andersons penalties for violating the Encryption Rule at $1,348,000 for 20112013 and for violating the Disclosure Rule at $3,000,000 for 20122013. The Court found the ALJs decision was arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law, noting that even HHS had conceded it had misinterpreted the statutory caps by issuing a Notice of Enforcement Discretion Regarding HIPAA Civil Money Penalties only two months after the Departmental Appeals Board upheld the ALJs decision. In addition, the Court found that the ALJ had erroneously ignored HHSs own regulations outlining factors for the agency to consider in assessing penalties.

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MD Anderson Wins Appeal Over $4.3 Million HIPAA Penalty - Lexology

Cybersecurity solutions firm Kaspersky sees that the privacy landscape will see more challenges now that organizations have a data mine spurred by the acceleration of digital transformation last year.

Vendors of all sizes will start to collect more and more diverse data while governments respond with new regulations and users start seeing privacy as a value proposition for which they are willing to pay.

Last year, many users realized for the very first time how much information they share and what they get in return, said Vladislav Tushkanov, privacy expert at Kaspersky. With heightened awareness comes a better understanding of the right to privacy and how to exercise it. As a result, privacy has become a hot-button issue at the intersection of governmental, corporate, and personal interests, which gave rise to many different and even conflicting trends in how data is gathered and privacy preserved or, on the contrary, violated.

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This forecast was developed based on the shifts and trends witnessed by Kasperskys privacy experts in 2020. According to the researchers, the big stand-off between various stakeholders in the conversation around privacy and data collection is a result of the following tendencies:

Consumer privacy is going to be a value proposition and will, in most cases, cost money. Increased data gathering during the pandemic, and growing political turmoil that crossed into digital platforms, have combined to yield rapid growth in public awareness of unfettered data collection. As more users look to preserve their privacy, organizations are responding by offering privacy-focused products the number and diversity of which is set to grow.

Smart health device vendors are going to collect increasingly diverse data and use them in far more diverse ways. The data gathered by fitness trackers, blood pressure monitors, and other devices provide insights so valuable that they have already been used in court cases, not to mention by marketers and insurers who also find it extremely useful. And with health being a public concern, the demand for such data will only grow.

Government crackdown

Kaspersky said governments are going to grow increasingly jealous of big-tech data hoarding and more active in their regulations. Having access to user data opens up a huge range of opportunities think, fighting child abuse or making city traffic more efficient. Also, think about silencing dissent. Yet, with most private organizations refusing to share these data, governments will undoubtedly respond with more regulations that hinder online privacy, with the most heated debates around privacy-preserving technologies such as end-to-end encryption, DNS-over-HTTPS (Domain Name System-over-Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), and cryptocurrencies.

Data companies are going to find ever more creative, and sometimes more intrusive, sources of data to fuel the behavioral analytics machine. Data-driven behavioral analytics is a dangerous game to play. Errors can be damaging to people, while the actual quality of these systems is often a trade secret. Yet, that will not stop organizations working in this field from finding more creative ways to profile users based on what they like and do and thereby influence their lives.

Edge computing

Multi-party computations, differential privacy, and federated learning are going to become more widely adopted as well as edge computing. As companies become more conscious about what data they actually need, and consumers push back against unchecked data collection, more advanced privacy tools are emerging and becoming more widely adopted, while big-tech organizations move to guarantee users new and strict privacy standards. More advanced hardware will emerge, enabling developers to create tools that are capable of advanced data processing, thereby decreasing the amount of data shared by users with organizations.

On a final note, Id like to assert that while as consumers we dont have full control over our data, there is a lot we can do to reclaim some of our privacy and control of our personal data, said Tushkanov.

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Government crackdowns on encryption one of Kasperskys privacy predictions for 2021 - Backend News

Compared to WhatsApp, Telegram has better privacy-focused features set up to protect its users. Unlike WhatsApp which supports end-to-end encryption for private text messaging, Telegram only offers server-side encryption by default for text messaging. This means that your data is safe from ISPs, Wi-Fi router interceptions, and other third-parties. However, Telegram will can access your data when it wants to.

However, to make full use of end-to-end encryption on Telegram, where not even Telegram itself can gain access to your data, you will need to make use of the Secret Chat feature.

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In this article, we will take you through how to use the Secret Chat feature and enable end-to-end encryption on Telegram.

Related Article: A Complete Guide to Using Telegram

Step 1: Launch the Telegram app and open the profile of the person you want to start a Secret Chat with.

Step 2: Click on the three-dot icon at the top-right corner of the persons profile photo.

Step 4: Click on Start Secret Chat.

There are a couple of other ways to start a secret chat on Telegram:

When you open the Telegram app, tap on the compose button at the bottom-right corner of the chat interface, click on New Secret Chat, and select the contact you would like to start a secret chat.

In conclusion, here are a couple of things you should take note of before you get started:

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How to Enable End-to-End Encryption on Telegram - Dignited

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End-to-end encryption (E2EE) ensures that your data is encrypted (kept secret) until it reaches an intended recipient. Whether youre talking about end-to-end encrypted messaging, email, file storage, or anything else, this ensures that no one in the middle can see your private data.

In other words: If a chat app offers end-to-end encryption, for example, only you and the person youre chatting with will be able to read the contents of your messages. In this scenario, not even the company operating the chat app can see what youre saying.

First, lets start with the basics of encryption. Encryption is a way of scrambling (encrypting) data so that it cant be read by everyone. Only the people who can unscramble (decrypt) the information can see its contents. If someone doesnt have the decryption key, they wont be able to unscramble the data and view the information.

(This is how its supposed to work, of course. Some encryption systems have security flaws and other weaknesses.)

Your devices are using various forms of encryption all the time. For example, when you access your online banking websiteor any website using HTTPS, which is most websites these daysthe communications between you and that website are encrypted so that your network operator, internet service provider, and anyone else snooping on your traffic cant see your banking password and financial details.

Wi-Fi uses encryption, too. Thats why your neighbors cant see everything youre doing on your Wi-Fi networkassuming that you use a modern Wi-Fi security standard that hasnt been cracked, anyway.

Encryption is also used to secure your data. Modern devices like iPhones, Android phones, iPads, Macs, Chromebooks, and Linux systems (but not all Windows PCs) store their data on your local devices in encrypted form. Its decrypted after you sign in with your PIN or password.

RELATED: Why Does Microsoft Charge $100 for Encryption When Everyone Else Gives It Away?

So encryption is everywhere, and thats great. But when youre talking about communicating privately or storing data securely, the question is: Who holds the keys?

For example, lets think about your Google account. Is your Google datayour Gmail emails, Google Calendar events, Google Drive files, search history, and other datasecured with encryption?

Well, yes. In some ways.

Google uses encryption to secure data in transit. When you access your Gmail account, for example, Google connects via secure HTTPS. This ensures that no one else can snoop on the communication going on between your device and Googles servers. Your internet service provider, network operator, people within range of your Wi-Fi network, and any other devices between you and Googles servers cant see the contents of your emails or intercept your Google account password.

Google also uses encryption to secure data at rest. Before the data is saved to disk on Googles servers, it is encrypted. Even if someone pulls off a heist, sneaking into Googles data center and stealing some hard drives, they wouldnt be able to read the data on those drives.

Both encryption in transit and at rest are important, of course. Theyre good for security and privacy. Its much better than sending and storing the data unencrypted!

But heres the question: Who holds the key that can decrypt this data? The answer is Google. Google holds the keys.

Since Google holds the keys, thismeans that Google is capable of seeing your dataemails, documents, files, calendar events, and everything else.

If a rogue Google employee wanted to snoop on your dataand yes, its happenedencryption wouldnt stop them.

If a hacker somehow compromised Googles systems and private keys (admittedly a tall order), they would be able to read everyones data.

If Google was required to turn over data to a government, Google would be able to access your data and hand it over.

Other systems may protect your data, of course. Google says that it has implemented better protections against rogue engineers accessing data. Google is clearly very serious about keeping its systems secure from hackers. Google has even been pushing back on data requests in Hong Kong, for example.

So yes, those systems may protect your data. But thats notencryption protecting your data from Google. Its just Googles policies protecting your data.

Dont get the impression that this is all about Google. Its notnot at all. Even Apple, so beloved for its privacy stances, does not end-to-end encrypt iCloud backups. In other words: Apple keeps keys that it can use to decrypt everything you upload in an iCloud backup.

Now, lets talk chat apps. For example: Facebook Messenger. When you contact someone on Facebook Messenger, the messages are encrypted in transit between you and Facebook, and between Facebook and the other person. The stored message log is encrypted at rest by Facebook before its stored on Facebooks servers.

But Facebook has a key. Facebook itself can see the contents of your messages.

The solution is end-to-end encryption. With end-to-end encryption, the provider in the middlewhoever you replace Google or Facebook with, in these exampleswill not be able to see the contents of your messages. They do not hold a key that unlocks your private data. Only you and the person youre communicating with hold the key to access that data.

Your messages are truly private, and only you and the people youre talking to can see themnot the company in the middle.

End-to-end encryption offers much more privacy. For example, when you have a conversation over an end-to-end encrypted chat service like Signal, you know that only you and the person youre talking to can view the contents of your communications.

However, when you have a conversation over a messaging app that isnt end-to-end encryptedlike Facebook Messengeryou know that the company sitting in the middle of the conversation can see the contents of your communications.

Its not just about chat apps. For example, email can be end-to-end encrypted, but it requires configuring PGP encryption or using a service with that built in, like ProtonMail. Very few people use end-to-end encrypted email.

End-to-end encryption gives you confidence when communicating about and storing sensitive information, whether its financial details, medical conditions, business documents, legal proceedings, or just intimate personal conversations you dont want anyone else having access to.

End-to-end encryption was traditionally a term used to describe secure communications between different people. However, the term is also commonly applied to other services where only you hold the key that can decrypt your data.

For example, password managers like 1Password, BitWarden, LastPass, and Dashlane are end-to-end encrypted. The company cant rummage through your password vaultyour passwords are secured with a secret only you know.

In a sense, this is arguably end-to-end encryptionexcept that youre on both ends. No one elsenot even the company that makes the password managerholds a key that lets them decrypt your private data. You can use the password manager without giving the password manager companys employees access to all your online banking passwords.

Another good example: If a file storage service is end-to-end encrypted, that means that the file storage provider cant see the contents of your files. If you want to store or sync sensitive files with a cloud servicefor example, tax returns that have your social security number and other sensitive detailsencrypted file storage services are a more secure way to do that than just dumping them in a traditional cloud storage service like Dropbox, Google Drive, or Microsoft OneDrive.

Theres one big downside with end-to-end encryption for the average person: If you lose your decryption key, you lose access to your data. Some services may offer recovery keys that you can store, but if you forget your password and lose those recovery keys, you can no longer decrypt your data.

Thats one big reason that companies like Apple, for example, might not want to end-to-end encrypt iCloud backups. Since Apple holds the encryption key, it can let you reset your password and give you access to your data again. This is a consequence of the fact that Apple holds the encryption key and can, from a technical perspective, do whatever it likes with your data. If Apple didnt hold the encryption key for you, you wouldnt be able to recover your data.

Imagine if, every time someone forgets a password to one of their accounts, their data in that account would be wiped out and become inaccessible. Forget your Gmail password? Google would have to erase all your Gmails to give you your account back. Thats what would happen if end-to-end encryption was used everywhere.

Here are some basic communication services that offer end-to-end encryption. This isnt an exhaustive listits just a short introduction.

For chat apps, Signal offers end-to-end encryption for everyone by default. Apple iMessage offers end-to-end encryption, but Apple gets a copy of your messages with the default iCloud backup settings. WhatsApp says that every conversation is end-to-end encrypted, but it does share a lot of data with Facebook. Some other apps offer end-to-end encryption as an optional feature that you have to enable manually, including Telegram and Facebook Messenger.

For end-to-end encrypted email, you can use PGPhowever, its complicated to set up. Thunderbird now has integrated PGP support. There are encrypted email services like ProtonMail and Tutanota that store your emails on their servers with encryption and make it possible to more easily send encrypted emails. For example, if one ProtonMail user emails another ProtonMail user, the message is automatically sent encrypted so that no one else can see its contents. However, if a ProtonMail user emails someone using a different service, theyll need to set up PGP to use encryption. (Note that encrypted email doesnt encrypt everything: While the message body is encrypted, for example, subject lines arent.)

RELATED: What Is Signal, and Why Is Everyone Using It?

End-to-end encryption is important. If youre going to have a private conversation or send sensitive information, dont you want to make sure that only you and the person youre talking to can see your messages?

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What Is End-to-End Encryption, and Why Does It Matter? - How-To Geek

Almost one year after EFF called on Amazons surveillance doorbell company Ring to encrypt footage end-to-end, it appears they are starting to make this necessary change. This call was a response to a number of problematic and potentially harmful incidents, including larger concerns about Rings security and reports that employees were fired for watching customers videos. Now, Ring is finally taking a necessary stepmaking sure that the transmission of footage from your Ring camera to your phone cannot be viewed by others, including while that footage is stored on Amazons cloud.

Ring should take the step to make this feature the default, but for the time being, you will still have to turn encryption on.

You can read more about Rings implementation of end-to-end encryption in Rings whitepaper.

Amazon is currently rolling out the feature, so it may not be available to you yet . When it is available for your device, you can followRings instructions. Make sure to note down the passphrase in a secure location such as a password manager, because its necessary to authorize additional mobile devices to view the video. A password manager is software that encrypts a database of your passwords, security questions, and other sensitive information, and is protected by a master password. Some examples are LastPass and 1Password.

Videos taken by the Ring device for either streaming or later viewing are end-to-end encrypted such that only mobile devices you authorize can view them. As Amazon itself claims, [w]ith video E2EE, only your enrolled mobile device has the special key needed to unlock these videos, designed so no one else can view your videos -- not even Ring or Amazon.

The security whitepaper gives the details for how this is implemented. Your mobile device locally generates a passphrase and several keypairs, which are stored either locally or encrypted on the cloud in such a way that the passphrase is needed to decrypt it. This is helpful for enrolling additional mobile devices. The Ring device then sets up a local WiFi connection, which the mobile device connects to. The public key information for the enrolled mobile device is sent over that connection, and subsequently used to encrypt videos before sending them over the Internet.

To break the system, someone would have to gain access to the temporary local network you created while you were doing initial setup, or you would have to approve adding them as an authorized user by entering the passphrase while setting up an additional mobile device.

So long as the implementation in the software matches the whitepaper specification and footage is not escrowed in any other way, we have high hopes for the encryption scheme Ring has devised. It may be close to a best-practice implementation of this kind of technology.

Rings relationship to law enforcement has long been a concern for EFF. Ring now has over a thousand partnerships with police departments across the country that allow law enforcement to request, with a single click, footage from Ring users. When police are investigating a crime, they can click and drag on a map in the police portal and automatically generate a request email for footage from every Ring user within that designated area.

What happens when Ring users refuse to share that footage, without end-to-end encryption, has beena major concern. Even if a user refuses to share their footage, police can still bring a warrant to Amazon to obtain it. That means users video and audio could end up contributing to investigations they wish they had not facilitatedlike immigration cases or enabling police spying on protestseven without the users knowing this had happened.

This access is made possible because Ring footage is stored by Amazon on Amazon servers. The end-to-end encryption model described in Rings whitepaper should cut off this access. If your footage on Amazons servers is encrypted and only your phone has the keys, then police would have to bring a warrant directly to you for your footage, rather than going behind your back and having Amazon share the video. Contrary to what law enforcement officials may claim, therefore, end-to-end encryption will not put these videos completely off limits from their investigations.

One question that remains unanswered is whether Rings encryption will block the ability for other companies to transmit live-streamed footage from Ring cameras to police. In November 2020, local media reported that Jackson, Mississippi would start a pilot program with the help of a company called PILEUM/Fusus that would allow police to live stream footage from the security cameras of consenting participants. Although camera registries and shared access to security cameras is not novel, what was particularly troubling about this was the insistence that this program would allow people with networked home security devices, including Ring cameras, to also transmit their live footage straight to the local police surveillance centers.

Ring reached out to a number of organizations, including EFF, to reaffirm that they are in no way involved with this pilot program. Fusus technology reportedly works by installing a Fusus core on your local network, which can supposedly find and transmit any live footage on your network, including Ring cameras.

These changes to Ring raise the question of whether turning on Rings new end-to-end encryption feature will undermine Fususs ability to transmit footage. Its unclear why anyone would consent to participating in a similar pilot program and installing a Fusus core, and then undermine that decision by opting into Ring encryption.But this scenario still leaves us wondering what current and future schemes by law enforcement to get Ring footage will undermine the use of end-to-end encryption.

It may seem like EFF expends a lot of effort fighting against Ring and other Internet connected home security devicesbut we do it for good reason. Police departments that could not legally build and use a large-scale government surveillance network are using Ring cameras as a loophole to avoid public input and accountability. Consumers choice to buy a camera cannot and should not be a way to launder mass surveillance and streamline digital racial profiling.

In the wake of investigative reporting and public advocacy, Ring has made a number of concessions. Theyve beefed up security measures, jettisoned undisclosed third party trackers, and even allowed people to opt out of receiving police requests for footage. These were all good steps, but they all did nothing to prevent police from bringing a warrant to Amazon in order to use your footage as evidence without your permission or even direct knowledge. One of Rings security and privacy soft spots has always been that it stores your footage for you. With end-to-end encryption enabled, a safeguard against blanket requests for footage from the cloud is introduced. It means that users have the ability to decide when and if to share their footage, in a way Amazon or Ring can not easily circumvent. It also means that law enforcement requests for footage have to go directly to the camera owner, just as they did before the advent of cloud storage.

We hope Ringtakes the step to make this feature the default. With these safeguards in place, we can now move on to other concerns, like more federal regulation, ending consent searches so that police would be required to get a warrant any time they want your footage, preventing local police from sharing your footage with other agencies for unrelated reasons, and finding safeguards that prevent the technology from being used as a pipeline for sending racially biased suspicions straight to the police.

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Amazon Ring's End-to-End Encryption: What it Means - EFF

The government has proposed a new bill to regulate mathematics. The bill envisages that certain mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, LCM and GCD would be banned, if they are prime numbers and have more than 309 digits and a licensing regime, which would only allow licensed entities to perform these operations.

If the above reads like a parody, it may soon cease to be and become reality.

An Australian Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull declared in 2017 that, The laws of mathematics are very commendable, but the only law that applies in Australia is the law of Australia.

In a joint communique issued on October 11, 2020, the Five Eye nations (United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada), along with Japan and India, stated, Particular implementations of encryption technology... pose significant challenges to public safety, including to highly vulnerable members of our societies like sexually exploited children and called upon technology companies to enable law enforcement access to content in a readable and usable format where an authorisation is lawfully issued, is necessary and proportionate, and is subject to strong safeguards and oversight.

The specific implementation of encryption technology that has worried governments the world over is the Signal protocol (E2EE), which guarantees that even intermediaries who provide these services will not be able to decrypt these messages in transit. It also guarantees plausible deniability, where if someone receives an encrypted message from you, they can be absolutely sure you sent it (rather than having been forged by some third party), but cant prove to anyone else that it was a message you wrote.

A variation of their anxieties played out in India, in the WhatsApp traceability debate, where the government pushed for traceability (Tell me who the sender is), but also said that it does not want to break end-to-end encryption, an impossible request, as sender deniability is at the heart of the end-to-end encryption. When repeatedly rebuffed by WhatsApp, an attempt was made to resolve the matter through the judicial system to compel the intermediaries (WhatsApp) to stop deploying messaging systems that use E2EE.

Given this background, the use of children in the statement to build a case for banning E2EE is interesting because it uses a propaganda technique called Pedophrasty, where children are invoked to prop up an argument, and make the opponents against the argument look like unprincipled savages and make everyone else suspend all rational and critical thinking, and agree to the argument.

But we must not agree to this dangerous set of proposals, as they are a continuum to the encryption wars, which started in the 1970s, where Western governments tried to limit use of encryption technologies by using export controls and ultimately failed.

In the 1990s, the National Security Agency in the US proposed the use of Clipper Chip in every phone, which implemented encryption but gave backdoor access to the US government. After Matt Blaze showed how rogue applications can use the chip to access data without the government backdoor, this attempt was abandoned.

In 2010, Google published a blog post, detailing how Chinese state backed hackers, attacked Gmail to spy on Chinese human rights advocates via a backdoor, installed by Google at the behest of the US government in Gmail to comply with search warrants on users. When Ericsson put backdoors into Vodafone products and deployed these in Greece for aiding law enforcement, these backdoors were used to spy on the Greek prime minister, by unknown perpetrators, who were never found.

All these incidents point out two fundamental realities. The first one is that backdoors are always dual-use and can be used by anyone and, hence, they dont keep anyone safe. The second is that E2EE is safe and easy enough for anyone to use and hence has achieved mainstream adoption. This has made the usual approach preferred by law enforcement agencies of coercing intermediaries to put backdoors irrelevant and obsolete.

Outlawing E2EE deployment and forcing intermediaries to comply with these proposed rules or leave the country by threatening to shut down their business operations, hence, may become the preferred policy response. But these rules, even if they become the law everywhere, are doomed to fail, in the same way, the discovery of irrational numbers (square root of 2) could not be suppressed by drowning its inventor Hippasus, in the sea, as it takes only a rented computer at 700 a month to run a back-end service implementing E2EE.

If existing intermediaries are forced to abandon it, others like EncroChat (popular among drug cartels) will step in and fill the void. The busting of EncroChat, when law enforcement agencies successfully penetrated the drug cartels by putting a tool in its servers, also indicates that it is possible to work around E2EE in some cases, using offensive technical measures by compromising endpoints. It would also be a far more proportionate measure than attempting to ban mathematical equations.

Anand Venkatanarayanan researches disinformation, cyber weapons and data security and is a privacy advocate

The views expressed are personal

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The new avatar of the encryption wars - Hindustan Times

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Ring Spotlight Cam now has end-to-end encryption at $160 (Save 20%), more from $85 - 9to5Toys

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Cloud Encryption Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast To 2026 Ciphercloud, Gemalto, Hytrust, IBM, Netskope, Secomba, and...

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Encryption Software Market Size, Top Key Players, Applications, Business Statistics, Trends and Forecast 2021-2027 NeighborWebSJ - NeighborWebSJ