The Global Quantum Cryptography Market report is aimed at highlighting a firsthand documentation of all the best practices in the Quantum Cryptography industry that subsequently set the growth course active. These vital market oriented details are highly crucial to overcome cut throat competition and all the growth oriented practices typically embraced by frontline players in the Quantum Cryptography market. Various factors and touch points that the research highlights in the report is a holistic, composite amalgamation of product portfolios of market participants, growth multiplying practices and solutions, sales gateways as well as transaction modes that coherently reflect a favorable growth prospect scenario of the Quantum Cryptography market.

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The research in its endeavor to present an unbiased presentation of the Quantum Cryptography market, complete with multi-faceted documentation of various market forces that collectively lend enormous growth impetus to the Quantum Cryptography market. This report further reinforces vital statistical data on technological marvels that under prevailing circumstances direct growth in the Quantum Cryptography market. A holistic understanding on PESTEL and SWOT analysis are also tagged in the report to unearth peculiarities of the Quantum Cryptography market. Each of the segments dominantly active in the target market substantially influence the upward movement of the Quantum Cryptography market, besides also efficiently identifying the singular market segments that holds maximum efficacy towards harnessing revenue maximization in the Quantum Cryptography market.

Top Leading Key Players are:

ID Quantique, MagiQ Technologies, Infineon Technologies, QuintenssenceLabs, Crypta Labs, ISARA, Toshiba, Microsoft, IBM, HP, PQ Solutions, and Qubitekk.

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The report features unique and relevant factors that are likely to have a significant impact on the Quantum Cryptography market during the forecast period. This report also includes the COVID-19 pandemic impact analysis on the Quantum Cryptography market. This report includes a detailed and considerable amount of information, which will help new providers in the most comprehensive manner for better understanding. The report elaborates the historical and current trends molding the growth of the Quantum Cryptography market.

Based on application, the market has been segmented into:

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Additional topics covered in the global Quantum Cryptography market report are as below:

This market ready research offering on Quantum Cryptography market is a go-to synopsis that highlights on all the core developments simultaneously dominant across all regional hubs in the Quantum Cryptography market and their subsequent implications on holistic growth trajectory of Quantum Cryptography market globally. The report is aimed at answering all the relevant queries pertaining to the target market based on which successful business decisions could be rapidly applied, favoring uncompromised growth in the Quantum Cryptography market. The report also lends light on competition spectrum, highlighting core market participants who are identified as frontline players in Quantum Cryptography market as highlighted by this research. In its bid to equip players with real time understanding of the various operational factors dominant across regions, the research elaborating on Quantum Cryptography market also houses crucial data on various geographical hubs identified in Log Managements market as presented.

Quantum Cryptography Market: Key Questions Answered in ReportThe research study on the Quantum Cryptography market offers inclusive insights about the growth of the market in the most comprehensible manner for a better understanding of users. Insights offered in the Quantum Cryptography market report answer some of the most prominent questions that assist the stakeholders in measuring all the emerging possibilities.1.What will be the CAGR% in during the forecast year?2.What are the challenges or threats for new applicants?3.How growth rate will be affected by key regions?4.At what stage of development is the global Quantum Cryptography market?5.What are the restrictive factors of the Quantum Cryptography market?6.What are the key differential strategies adopted by key players to command a significant chunk of the global market share?7.How is the COVID-19 pandemic impacting the global Quantum Cryptography market?

The key insights of the report:1.The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Quantum Cryptography manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.2.The report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology.3.The report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2013-2018 market shares for key vendors.4.The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.5.The report estimates 2019-2024 market development trends of Quantum Cryptography industry.6.Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out7.The report makes some important proposals for a new project of Quantum Cryptography Industry before evaluating its feasibility.

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Quantum Cryptography Market 2020 Global Analysis by Size, Share, Technology, Trends, Application, Business Opportunities, Regional Outlook and...

Roger Grimes

An age of unbelievably fast quantum computers is only a stones throw away, promising machines that will forever transform the way we solve problems, communicate and compute.

However, such powerful machines in the wrong hands could spell major trouble for the cyber security community, as many experts fear that quantum computers could also effectively break even the strongest encryption we have today.

So when can we expect to see these quantum machines in action? Theres a chance that it has already happened, by either the US NSA (National Security Agency) or China, but we dont publicly know about it yet," says Roger Grimes, Data-Driven Defence evangelist at KnowBe4, who will be speaking on Quantum reckoning: The coming day when quantum computers break cryptography at ITWeb Security Summit 2020, to be held as a virtual event from 25 to 28 August this year.

According to Grimes, if it hasnt happened already, many people believe it will happen within the next two years.

Speaking of how this quantum reckoning could impact information security, Grimes says any secret protected by traditional asymmetric ciphers will no longer be protected. This includes RSA, Diffie-Hellman, Elliptic Curve Cryptography which is used in HTTPS, TLS, WiFi, FIDO keys, PKI, digital certificates, digital signatures and banking networks. Essentially, it would impact about 95% of our digital world.

Its not all bad news, though. He says along with the dangers, quantum computing will bring us many wonderful inventions we cannot even begin to imagine right now, much as the Internet did, but on an even greater scale.

There is a glimmer of hope in that post-quantum cryptography, or cryptographic algorithms that are believed to be secure against an attack by a quantum computer, might save the day.

Grimes says its a race, but that dozens of good quantum-resistant cryptography standards are being tested right now and there are likely to be some good standards in place by the time the quantum reckoning becomes public and widespread.

But once the new cryptography standards are in place, how long will it take every person and company and the world to switch over to the new quantum-resistant standards? That is the real problem, he adds.

Delegates attending Grimes talk will learn exactly what it is they need to start doing now in order to prepare for the quantum reckoning.

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Quantum reckoning: The day when computers will break cryptography - ITWeb

Students live much of their lives online, especially now with the transition to remote learning. Cybersecurity skills are a must. They need to understand how to safely navigate this digital world, taking advantage of its offerings while avoiding the dangers of its darker corners.

Our district, Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District in Bedford, Texas, launched its first cybersecurity class for seventh-grade students in 2018. When we began our journey, there were no cybersecurity experts among the teaching staff -- we just had a sense of urgency to provide a high-quality curriculum for our students. We wanted to equip them with skills they could use now and take into the workforce. We discovered CYBER.org, an organization aimed at K-12 cybersecurity education and workforce development. We worked with them to create a program, based on three core principles, that has become a training ground for our students.

Several cyber curricula are available for grades 9-12 but none that begin at the junior high or middle school level so we built our own. Its designed for grades 7 and 8. We wanted to give students a foundation of cybersecurity knowledge and skills that would prepare them for high school coursework and later, industry certifications.

Our curriculum features a sequence of concepts from the first-level high school cybersecurity course taught in the ninth grade. It takes into account the preexisting knowledge and the maturity level of the student. Concepts include Hardware/Operating Systems, Software (including malware), Networks, Coding, Cryptography, Digital Citizenship/Cyber Safety, Career Explorations and Ethics/Law (including ethical hacking). We then focused our professional development efforts in these areas.

Cybersecurity curriculum is rigorous; it can be intimidating for educators who have no background in the field. Our vertical program -- concepts presented in sequence over three years -- aims to remove the fear factor. It breaks complex ideas into smaller concepts, making it easier for teachers and students to gain confidence and mastery.

In our program, we introduce a concept in seventh grade, expand on it in eighth grade, then assess for mastery in ninth grade, using the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for the Foundations of Cybersecurity Course as our guide. For example, in the Cryptography track, students spend their seventh grade year learning the basics -- what cryptography is, its purpose and why data needs to be encrypted. The following year, they research historical uses of cryptography and investigate different methods, including shift ciphers, substitution ciphers and Morse code ciphers. In ninth grade, students create their own ciphers and compete in an ethical hacking competition to demonstrate mastery of the concept.

CYBER.org hosts the Cyber Education Discovery Forum, a three-day event, held each summer, for K-12 educators who teach cybersecurity programs. Breakout sessions and full-day workshops outlined tactics for teaching different security topics, getting students interested and exposing them to potential career opportunities in this field.

I attended the Cyber Fundamentals with micro:bit workshop. It taught the basics of block-based coding using the micro:bit, a pocket-sized programmable computer. This is perfect for our elementary-school computer-science students. We are considering ways we can use this tool to introduce coding and cyber concepts in the early grades, then build on those ideas in junior-high school.

We leaned heavily on CYBER.org support for our program rollout. They fielded questions about the curriculum and walked us step-by-step through the answers. And when we requested additional research materials -- to better understand the curriculum and implement it properly -- they were quick to supply us with what we needed.

Considering a program like this for your school? Here are some lessons we learned from our experience.

Kiera Elledge is the STEM coordinator for the Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District in Bedford, Texas. She has recently focused on developing and implementing a three-year cyber curriculum for two of the districts five junior high schools.

___________________________________________________________________________________

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3 steps for teaching cybersecurity in the classroom - SmartBrief

Blockchain in BFSI is also called as FinTech blockchain. Wide dissemination of blockchain by financial organizations from the past years has witnessed rise in popularity of cryptocurrencies, and the initial coin offering (ICO).

As well as blockchain is panacea for all fintech companies digital concerns such as security. Blockchain as a technology was developed to serve as the public transaction ledger for cryptocurrencies, which uses distributed databases and cryptography to record transactions. This characteristic of blockchain provides a high level of safety while transmitting and storing data, open and transparent network infrastructure, decentralized ledger, and low cost of operations benefits. Moreover, blockchain in FinTech anticipates in changing the paper-intensive international trade finance process to a digital decentralized ledger.

Factors such as increase in need for transactions transparency and accountability, and greater adoption in cross-border payments drive the market growth. In addition, increase in investment by banks in blockchain-based solutions across the globe is also expected to boost the market growth. Moreover, increase in demand for distributed ledger technology and rise in cryptocurrencies market cap are also some of the factors that fuel the demand for blockchain solutions and services across global banks. However, scarcity of skilled workforce is expected to impede the market growth during the forecast period.

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Furthermore, growth in demand for increased scalability, transaction speed, and reduction in processing costs are expected to provide major growth opportunities for blockchain in BFSI market in the upcoming years. Also, rise in demand from developing economies for blockchain solutions is also anticipated to be opportunistic for the market growth.

The global blockchain in BFSI market is segmented based on component, application, organization size, industry vertical, and region. Based on component, the market is bifurcated into platform and services. Based on application, the market is divided into digital currency, record keeping, payments & settlement, smart contracts, compliance management, and others. Based on organization size, the market is classified into large enterprises and small & medium enterprises. Depending on industry vertical, the market is segmented into banking, insurance, and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). Based on region, the market is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

The report analyzes the profiles of key players operating in the market. These include Alphapoint, Auxesis Group, Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS), Bitfury Group Limited., Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP (HPE), International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), Infosys Limited, Microsoft Corporation, Oracle Corporation, and SAP SE.

KEY BENEFITS The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global blockchain in BFSI market, outlining current trends, key driving factors, and potential areas for product investments. Key players are analyzed with respect to their primary offerings, recent investments, and future development strategies. Porters five forces analysis illustrates the potency of buyers and suppliers operating in the industry. The quantitative analysis of the global blockchain in BFSI market from 2018 to 2026 is provided to determine the market potential.

KEY MARKET SEGMENTS

BY COMPONENT Platform Services

BY APPLICATION Digital Currency Record Keeping Payments & Settlement Smart Contracts Compliance Management Others

BY ORGANIZATION SIZE Large Enterprises Small & Medium Enterprises

BY END USER Banking Insurance NBFCs

BY Region North Americao U.S.o Canada

Europeo Germanyo Franceo UKo Rest of Europe

Asia-Pacifico Japano Chinao Indiao Rest of Asia-Pacific

LAMEAo Latin Americao Middle Easto Africa

KEY MARKET PLAYERS PRofILED IN THE REPORT Alphapoint Auxesis Group Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) Bitfury Group Limited. Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP (HPE) International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Infosys Limited Microsoft Corporation Oracle Corporation SAP SE

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Blockchain In BFSI Market Growth Analysis By Manufacturers, Regions, Types and Application Forecast - Kentucky Journal 24

Written by AZoQuantumJul 27 2020

In the field of quantum information, information is encoded into quantum states. When compared to classical equivalents, more secure cryptography and more efficient computations can be performed by leveraging the quantumness of these states.

Under the guidance of Prof. GUO Guangcan from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), a team of researchers tuned the original hypotheses to be robust to practical defects.

Their aim was also to experimentally execute a scalable quantum state verification on two-qubit and four-qubit entangled states using nonadaptive local measurements. The study outcomes were reported on July 17th, 2020, in the Physical Review Letters journal.

One feature that is critical to quantum information science is the initialization of a quantum system into a specific state.

A range of measurement approaches has been created to describe how well the system is initialized. However, for any specified system, there often exists a trade-off between its efficiency and the accessible information of the quantum state.

Traditional quantum state tomography can be used to describe unidentified states, though it requires exponentially high-cost laborious postprocessing.

On the other hand, the latest theoretical advancements reveal that quantum state verification offers a means to measure the prepared state with considerably fewer samples, specifically in the case of multipartite entangled states.

For all the states tested as part of the study headed by Prof. GUO Guangcan, the predicted infidelity is inversely proportional to the number of samples, which demonstrates the power to describe a quantum state with a fewer number of samples.

When compared to the universally optimal approach that necessitates nonlocal measurements, the efficiency of the new experiment is worse only by a minuscule constant factor of less than 2.5.

The difference in performance between quantum state tomography and quantum state verification in an experiment was compared to describe a four-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The results of the comparison reveal the advantage of quantum state verification with respect to both the realized precision and efficiency.

The researchers experimentally achieved an optimal quantum state verification (QSV) that was easy to execute and robust with respect to realistic defects. The 1/n scaling results demonstrated from the new approach were achieved without adaptive or entangled measurements.

The results of this study have evident implications for several quantum measurement tasks and could be applied as a rigid basis for further studies on more complex quantum systems.

Source: https://en.ustc.edu.cn/

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Researchers Achieve Optimal Quantum State Verification Through Experiments - AZoQuantum

Investment Plan supports first Italian fund to invest in space economy

The European Investment Fund is investing 30 million into Primo Space, an early-stage Italian venture fund focused on space start-ups. The financing is backed by the Investment Plan for Europe, Horizon 2020 the European Commissions Framework Programme for Research and Innovation and the new InnovFin Space Equity Pilot. Primo Space will invest in technology spin-offs, start-ups and SMEs, and will work closely with the Italian research and academic world, including the Italian Space Agency, in order to bring the most promising technologies and entrepreneurial teams to the market. The Fund will target companies working in electronics, robots and satellites, communications, cryptography, geolocation and earth observation.

Primo Space has raised 58 million so far, with a target size of 80 million in total. PaoloGentiloni, Commissioner for the Economy, said: Companies developing innovative technologies for the space sector really are venturing into the unknown. I am particularly pleased that the EU is providing financial backing for this ground-breaking fund, joining forces with the Italian Space Agency, opening the way to new investment and job creation in this fast-growing sector.The press release is availablehere.Theprojects and agreementsapproved for financing under the Investment Plan are expected to mobilise 514 billion in investments, of which 78.6 billion is in Italy.

**EU Communiqus de presse**

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Investment Plan supports the first Italian fund to invest in the space economy - IBG NEWS

LEHI, Utah, July 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --DigiCert, Inc., the world's leading provider of TLS/SSL, IoT and other PKI solutions, has announced a robust set of features and capabilities in DigiCert IoT Device Managerthat enable telecommunications providers to deploy 5G network services to cloud environments while maintaining security, compliance and performance. Hosted on the DigiCert ONE platform, IoT Device Manager provides support for strong authentication in dynamic, cloud-native environments, as well as scalability and operational integrity.

Today's telecommunication organizations face a variety of similar transformation challenges as they migrate to 5G using cloud data centers. Many are moving from primarily physical environments with primitive authentication techniques, minimal use of cryptography and pre-shared keys. These traditional infrastructures are capital-intensive to scale, inefficient and inflexible, slowing delivery of new services and time to market. Increasingly, they are moving toward more dynamic business models built around a DevOps mindset. These 5G and cloud environments are virtualized, dynamically scalable and enable unparalleled business agility and smooth scalability.

To support their transformation and enable more rapid time-to-market for products, telecommunication providers require a platform designed for today's highly dynamic, cloud-native, modern business models. The platform must provide strong authentication across on-premises and cloud environments, and the ability to perform at scale on the world's largest networks. It needs to ensure operational integrity to help organizations meet compliance requirements and legal mandates.

IoT Device Manager on DigiCert ONE is built from the ground up to support transformative new models. It delivers:

"As telecommunications, manufacturers and other organizations move to increasingly dynamic models, the IoT Device Manager provides the flexibility and rapid scalability they need to support 5G and cloud migration," said DigiCert Senior Vice President of Product Brian Trzupek. "DigiCert ONE delivers the features, compatibility and performance our customers need to accelerate their digital transformation and take advantage of compelling new business models."

IoT Device Manager uses a container-based, cloud-agnostic implementation and allows organizations to provision and embed device identity at any stage of the device lifecycle, from the factory to device deployment in a variety of environments. It lets customers simplify device identity, authentication, encryption and integrity with a single click, and marry device data visualization with cryptographic, manufacturing and factory process data. IoT Device Manager supports standards-based interoperability with many third-party manufacturing and provisioning systems.

IoT Device Manager is built on DigiCert ONE, a PKI management platform architected and released in 2020 to be the PKI infrastructure service for today's modern cloud-native challenges.DigiCert ONEoffers multiple management solutions andis designed for all forms of PKI.Itis flexible enough to be deployed on-premises, in-country or in the cloud to meet stringent requirements, custom integrations and airgap needs.Italsodeploysextremely high volumes of certificates quickly using robust and highly scalable infrastructure. DigiCert ONEdeliversend-to-end centralized user and device certificate management, a modern approach to PKI.

About DigiCert, Inc.DigiCert is the world's leading provider of scalable TLS/SSL, IoT and PKI solutions for identity and encryption. The most innovative companies, including 89% of the Fortune 500 and 97 of the 100 top global banks, choose DigiCert for its expertise in identity and encryption for web servers andInternet of Thingsdevices. DigiCert supportsTLSand other digital certificates for PKI deployments at any scale through its certificate lifecycle management solution,CertCentral. The company is recognized for its enterprise-grade certificate management platform, fast and knowledgeable customer support, and market-leading security solutions. For the latest DigiCert news and updates, visitdigicert.comor follow@digicert.

SOURCE DigiCert, Inc.

http://www.digicert.com

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DigiCert Helps Drive 5G Network Transformation with New IoT Device Manager Features - PRNewswire

Anyone looking to break into the cybersecurity industry should focus more on in-demand skills and less on the formal education and certification. This is according to a new research report from the SANS Institute, a Bethesda-based security research and training firm.

Polling more than 500 cybersecurity experts from 284 different companies, the company found that 85 percent believe knowledge of networking (how computers and other devices communicate with one another) is a very important skill.

The report states that the mastery of networking is a fundamental skill, acting as the foundation for all future training.

The results were echoed by cybersecurity expert Brian Krebs, author of the Krebs on Security blog.

Trying to get a job in security without a deep understanding of how data packets work is a bit like trying to become a chemical engineer without first mastering the periodic table of elements, claims Krebs.

Networking expertise aside, the SANS Institute report also claims Linux and Windows skills are in high demand, along with knowledge of common exploitation techniques, computer architectures and virtualization, and data and cryptography.

Programming, meanwhile, was considered essential by less than four in ten of the respondents.

Employers report that student cybersecurity preparation is largely inadequate and are frustrated that they have to spend months searching before they find qualified entry-level employees if any can be found, said Alan Paller, Director of Research at the SANS Institute.

We hypothesized that the beginning of a pathway toward resolving those challenges and helping close the cybersecurity skills gap would be to isolate the capabilities that employers expected but did not find in cybersecurity graduates.

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These are the most in-demand skills in cybersecurity - ITProPortal

Post Quantum CEO Andersen Cheng

London-based encryption specialist Post Quantum has reached the final stage of the NIST competition to find practical encryption standards capable of withstanding attacks by a quantum computer.

The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) launched its competition for Public-Key Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms, in 2016 with the aim of arriving at quantum-safe standards by 2024. Successful candidates will enhance or replace the three paradigms considered most vulnerable to quantum attack: the digital signature standard FIPS 186-4 and the public key cryptography standards NIST SP 800-56AandNIST SP 800-56B.

Many of the current encryption algorithms use one-way functions to derive encryption/decryption key pairs, for example factorising very large integers into primes. This method is used by the general purpose RSA algorithms that form the basis of the secure internet protocols SSL and TLS. Elliptic curve cryptography, often preferred in IoT and mobile devices, also uses a one-way mathematical function. Unfortunately both are vulnerable to attack by quantum computers.

Last year NIST whittled down the original 69 candidates to 26, and in a third round announced last week reduced this number to 15: seven finalists "most likely to be ready for standardisation soon after the end of the third round", and eight alternate candidates' "regarded as potential candidates for future standardisation". Candidates fall into three functional categories: Code-based, multivariate and lattice-based cryptography, which cover the variety of different use cases for which post quantum (PQ) encryption will be required. In addition, some candidates are suitable for public key exchange while others are better suited to digital signatures.

The only remaining candidate in the code-based category is Classic McEliece, which is a merger of Post Quantum's Never-The-Same Key Encapsulation Mechanism (NTS-KEM) and work done in the same area by a team led by Professor Daniel Bernstein of University of Illinois at Chicago. The joint candidate, known as Classic McEliece', is based on the McEliece cryptosystem first proposed in the 1970s.

It works by injecting random error codes into the cyphertext. The error correction codes allow the recipient of the encrypted message to cut out the random noise added to the message when decrypting it, a facility not available to any eavesdropper intercepting the message.

"Classic McEliece has a somewhat unusual performance profileit has a very large public key but the smallest ciphertexts of all competing KEMs [key-encapsulation mechanisms]. This is not a good fit for general use in internet protocols as they are currently specified, but in some applications, the very small ciphertext size could make Classic McEliece an appealing choice," NIST says, offering a possible use case as protecting VPNs.

Cheng said he was pleased to join forces with Bernstein's team, adding that the need for viable PQ encryption is urgent.

"The entire world needs to upgrade its encryption, and we last did that in 1978, when RSA came in. The stakes couldn't be higher with record levels of cyber-attack and heightened nation state activity - if China or Russia is the first to crack RSA then cyber Armageddon will begin," Cheng said.

"This isn't an academic exercise for us, we are already several years down the commercialisation path with real-world quantum-safe products for identity authentication and VPN. If you work for an organisation with intellectual property or critical data with a long shelf life, and you're working from home during lockdown, you should already be using a quantum-safe VPN."

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UK firm reaches final stages of the NIST quest for quantum-proof encryption algorithms - http://www.computing.co.uk

Cryptography is a process which is mainly used for safe and secure communication. It works on different mathematical concepts and algorithms to transfer the encoded data into a secret code which is difficult to decode. It involves the process of encrypting and decrypting the data, for eg. If I need to send my personal details to someone over mail, I can convert the information using Encryption techniques and send it, on the other hand, the receiver will decrypt the information received using Decryption Techniques and there will be no data tampering in between.

The ciphertext is a data or text which is encrypted into a secret code using a mathematical algorithm, it can be deciphered using different mathematical Algorithms. Encryption is converting the text into a secret message, technically known as converting the plaintext to ciphertext and Decryption is converting the ciphertext back to plaintext so that only the authorized users can decipher and use the data. Generally, it uses a key that is known to both the sender and the receiver so that they can cipher and decipher the text.

Python has the following modules/libraries which are used for cryptography namely:

In this article, we will be exploring:

Cryptography is a python package that is helpful in Encrypting and Decrypting the data in python. It provides cryptographic recipes to python developers.

Let us explore Cryptography and see how to encrypt and decrypt data using it.

Implementation:

We first need to install the library using pip install cryptography.

a. Importing the library

Fernet function is used for encryption and decryption in Cryptography. Let us import the Fernet function from the library.

b. Generating the Key

Cryptography works on authentication for which we will need to generate a key. Lets define a function to generate a key and write it to a file. This function will create a key file where our generated key will be stored.

This function will create a pass.key file in your directory as shown in the image below.

c. Loading the Key

The key generated above is a unique key and it will be used further for all encryption and decryption processes so In order to call this key, again and again, let us define a function to load the key whenever required.

d. Encrypting the Data

The next step would be passing the message you want to encrypt in the encode function, initializing the Fernet class, and encrypt the data using encrypt function.

As you can see we have successfully encrypted the data.

e. Decryption of Data

The message will be decrypted with the same key that we used to encrypt it and by using the function decrypt. Let us decode the encrypted message.

As you can see here we have successfully decoded the message. While using cryptography it is necessary to keep the Key file safe and secure to decode the message because if the Key is misplaced the message/data will not be decoded.

Similarly, Cryptography module can be used to convert data/text files, we just need to pass the file to the argument and encode and decode it.

It is a python module which is fast and converts the plaintext to ciphertext and ciphertext to plain text in seconds and with just a single line of code.

Implementation:

We first need to install the library using, pip install simple-crypt

a. Loading the Library

b. Encrypting and Decrypting

Simple-crypt has two pre-defined functions encrypt and decrypt which controls the process of encryption and decryption. For encryption, we need to call the encrypt function and pass the key and message to be encrypted.

Similarly, we can call the decrypt function and decode the original message from this ciphertext.

Here you can see that we have used AIM as the password and it is the same for encryption and decryption.

In simple-crypt, we should keep in mind that the same key should be provided for encryption and decryption otherwise messages will not be decoded back to original.

Hashlib is an open-source python library used for encoding and it contains most of the popular hashing algorithms used by big tech firms for security purposes.Hash is a function that takes variable length as an input and gives the fixed-length output sequence.Unlike the modules discussed earlier in Hashlib decoding is a very difficult and time-consuming job this is why Hashing is considered as the most secure and safe encoding.

Home Implementing Encryption and Decryption of Data in Python

The Hashlib functions that we will be exploring are MD5 and SHA1

MD5 Algorithm/Function produces a hash value which is 128 bit. It converts the strings to bytes so that it is accepted by hash. MD5 is mainly used for checking Data Integrity. It is predefined in hashlib.

Implementation:

We need to install the hashlib library to use MD5 using, pip install hashlib

a. Importing the library

b. Encrypting the data

In order to encrypt the data, we need to pass the message/data to the MD5 function to convert it into bytes. Here you will see that we will type b before typing the message because it converts the string to bytes so that it will be accepted by hash. The hexdigest function will encode the message and return the encoded message as a HEX string.

If we do not want the message to be encoded in HEX string and show it in a sequence of bytes then we will use the digest function.

Secure Hash Algorithms are more secured than MD5. It s a set of the algorithm like SHA1, SHA256, etc. It is widely used for cryptographic applications.

We have already imported the hashlib library so we will directly Encode the message/data using SHA1.

Encryption of Data

In order to encrypt the data, we need to pass the message/data to the SHA1 function to convert it into bytes. Similar to MD5 here also you will see that we will type b before typing the message because it converts the string to bytes so that it will be accepted by hash. The hexdigest function will encode the message and return the encoded message as a HEX string.

Similar to MD5 if we do not want the message to be encoded in HEX string and show it in a sequence of bytes then we will use the digest function.

Similarly, we can try different hashing algorithms for Encoding/Encryption.

In this article, we went through:

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Implementing Encryption and Decryption of Data in Python - Analytics India Magazine