These eight books about artificial intelligence cover a range of topics, including ethical issues, how AI is affecting the job market, and how organizations can use AI to gain a competitive advantage.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an ever-evolving technology. With several different uses, it's easy to understand why it's being implemented more and more frequently. These titles answer common questions about AI, discuss what current AI technologies businesses are using, how humans can lose control over AI, and more.

T-Minus AI: Humanity's Countdown to Artificial Intelligence and the New Pursuit of Global Power

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In T-Minus AI, author, national expert, and the US Air Force's first Chairperson for Artificial Intelligence Michael Kanaan explains a human-oriented perspective of AI. He offers his view on our history of innovation to illustrate what we should all know about modern computing, AI, and machine learning. Additionally, Kanaan discusses the global implications of AI by illuminating the cultural and national vulnerabilities already present as well as future pressing issues.

The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values

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The "alignment problem," according to researchers, occurs when the tech systems that humans attempt to teach don't do what is wanted or expected. Best-selling author Brian Christian discusses the alignment problem's "first-responders," and their plans to solve the problem before it is out of human hands. Using a blend of history and on-the-ground reporting, Christian follows the growth of machine learning in the field and examines our current technology and culture.

Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future

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With the possibility of AI making jobs like paralegals, journalists, and even computer programmers obsolete, author Martin Ford looks at the future of the job market and how it will continue to transform. Rise of the Robots helps us understand how employment and society will have to adapt to the changing market.

Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans

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In Artificial Intelligence, author Melanie Mitchell asks urgent questions concerning AI today: How intelligent are the best AI programs? How do they work? What can they actually do, and when do they fail? How humanlike do we expect them to become, and how soon do we need to worry about them surpassing us? Mitchell also covers the dominant models of modern AI and machine learning, cutting-edge AI programs, and human investors in AI.

AI Ethics (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

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AI Ethics discusses the major ethical issues artificial intelligence raises and addresses several concrete questions. Author Mark Coeckelbergh uses narratives, relevant philosophical discussions, and describes different approaches to machine learning and data science. AI Ethics takes a look at privacy concerns, responsibility and the delegation of decision-making, transparency and bias as it arises at all stages of data science processes, and much more.

The AI Advantage: How to Put the Artificial Intelligence Revolution to Work (Management on the Cutting Edge)

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In The AI Advantage,Thomas Davenport offers a practical guide to using AI in a business setting. Davenport not only explains what AI technologies are available, but also how companies can use them to gain a competitive advantage.

The Big Nine: How the Tech Titans and Their Thinking Machines Could Warp Humanity

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In her book, author Amy Webb looks at how the foundations of AI are broken--all the way from the people working on the system to the technology itself. Webb suggests that the big nine corporations (Amazon, Google, Facebook, Tencent, Baidu, Alibaba, Microsoft, IBM, and Apple), "may be inadvertently building and enabling vast arrays of intelligent systems that don't share our motivations, desires, or hopes for the future of humanity."

Artificial Intelligence: 101 Things You Must Know Today About Our Future

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Artificial Intelligence: 101 Things You Must Know Today About Our Futurecontains many timely topics related to AI, including: Self-driving cars, robots, chatbots, as well as how AI will impact the job market, business processes, and entire industries. As the title suggests, readers can learn the answers to 101 questions about artificial intelligence, and have access to a large number of resources, ideas, and tips.

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AI reading list: 8 interesting books about artificial intelligence to check out - TechRepublic

HOBOKEN, N.J., Feb. 9, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --DropShot Capital Management, an alternative investment platform, has been innovating artificial intelligence solutions to portfolio management since 2018, focusing on data-driven approaches that deliver a customer experience free of monetary lock-ups and provide a clear window into one's investment performance in a fast-changing financial environment. DropShot offers investors access to cutting-edge machine learning models with a very competitive fee structure.

Our new Fixed Income Fund (FIF) seeks to cater to investors looking for an actively managed, rates-exposed portfolio. The product will adhere to all of DropShot's core principles, and will continue to rely on our machine learning engine for its portfolio rebalancing decisions. The product will be long only and take exposure via fixed income ETFs. The FIF offers concentrated rates market exposure, in contrast to DropShot's AI Alpha Fund, launched in 2018, which trades domestic and foreign ETFs of all asset classes.

DropShot deploys strategies that use machine learning techniques to dynamically allocate to various asset classes as market conditions change. Tactical rotation between these markets on an adaptive basis allows the fund to continuously source returns from the most attractively priced assets. This enables us to strive towards our primary goal: To compete with major global benchmarks while delivering broader exposure across markets.

We don't lock up your funds and we offer monthly redemptions/liquidity. In order to give investors their desired level of detail into their investment's trading performance, we offer personalized mobile and web views, in addition to monthly statements.

Markets are more treacherous than ever, but opportunities abound for those able to invest intelligently. DropShot strives to adapt and learn through systematic, data driven trading that guides investors through their financial journeys.

Our terms are simple: Algorithmic, Liquid, Transparent.

Contact:

Chris Kramvis

Chris@dropshotcapital.com

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09 February 2021

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Welcome to the world of reproductive technology.

Many people experience the human desire to build a family, butcan't do so naturally. The reality is approximately one ineight Canadian couples face challenges with infertility. Most of usknow at least one person or couple who cannot have children,struggled to have children, or face medical or health issues thatmake child-bearing difficult or impossible.

Assisted human reproduction is a broad spectrum of medicallyassisted fertility solutions and treatments that continues to growand expand with increasing technological and scientificdevelopments. Some of the most common assisted human reproductivetechnologies include ovulation induction, artificial insemination,in-vitro fertilization, donor conception, and surrogacy. There arealso some more holistic approaches such as fertility acupuncture,Chinese medicine and herb use, vitamin therapies, and othertherapeutic or naturopathic aids. This article will focus on thescientific and legal inter-plays.

The concept of how family is created has evolved withtechnology, and will continue to do so with more excitingdevelopments on the horizon with the use of artificial intelligence(AI):

The above AI technology, together with more women considering technology-aidedpregnancy and freezing their eggs as a result of thepandemic, leads to interesting legal questions about theexpansion of fertility law, and further solidifies the fact thatbaby-making is an ever-growing science.

If you are considering reproductive technology as an intendedparent, AI fertility, donor ova/sperm, or surrogacy, a fertilitylawyer will you help navigate this process, and ensure that youunderstand your rights and obligations.

The content of this article is intended to provide a generalguide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be soughtabout your specific circumstances.

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With the release of updated anti-money laundering regulations set for mid 2020, businesses engaged in the cryptocurrency & blockchain world will want to familiarize themselves with the proposed changes.

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Valentine's Day Series Part 3: Making Babies Without Making Love: Artificial Intelligence And The Future Of Fertility - Technology - Canada - Mondaq...

It is no secret that the hiring process is being taken virtual. Several companies are using applicant tracking systems and other recruiting software to improve their hiring process, making it faster and more effective. One technology that has the potential to be extremely helpful to the hiring process is artificial intelligence. However, recruiting AI is not without its issues. The visual deep dive below explains the process in more detail, but let's look at the pros and cons of recruiting AI. Cons of Using Artificial IntelligenceUnfortunately, recruiting AI has the potential to develop bias similar to humans. If the AI is trained with data that reflects a human recruiters bias, the AI will learn the pattern and repeat it. This is exactly what happened in 2018 with Amazons recruiting AI. Their AI was trained off of ten years of their hiring data where the machine learned to identify males as more qualified than females. This hurts a company's potential for success immensely as focusing on physical or personal factors like gender immediately minimizes the talent pool. It excludes candidates who could be extremely successful in the position for a reason that has nothing to do with their qualifications.

Additionally, several HR professionals do not believe they are prepared to begin using a recruiting AI. The technology is definitely new to most people and there will be a learning curve when it is first implemented. Because the AI learns by taking in data from the recruiters, more pressure is put on the recruiters to use the AI effectively so it doesnt learn any bad patterns and behaviors like the one explained in the paragraph above. Initially, HR professionals and recruiters will have to work extra hard to ensure the AI runs smoothly.

Most of the cons to using recruiting AI can be solved by good programming. Programming the AI with unbiased data will help the technology to act in the desired way. With unbiased data, the AI wont consider factors like a candidates gender, age, or race. It will take into account their skills and background as well as their interests. The machine should also be able to consider if the candidate would truly want to work for that company, if the person and the company are a good fit together.

Once the AI is programmed to be unbiased, it can do a much better job than human recruiters at eliminating unconscious discrimination from the recruiting process. This will help to add diversity to a company, which is extremely beneficial. Diversity adds greater creativity and innovation to a business. Diverse people contribute different ways of thinking, helping the business conquer problems in new ways. Diversity also leads to higher profitability. The most diverse companies have greater rates of financial success and long-term profitability.

Overall, if trained correctly, a recruiting AI can be very beneficial. It can make the process easier, faster, and more fair to diverse candidates. However, if it is programmed poorly, the cons certainly outweigh the pros. Hopefully with time, recruiters and HR professionals will be able to perfect the use of recruiting AI and reap the benefits of a quicker and more effective hiring process. Recruiting AI can increase a companys diversity and profitability all while making hiring an easier process.

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How Using Artificial Intelligence Will Change the Way We Hire for Diversity (infographic) - Digital Information World

Among the most significant technological advances of the last few decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, have the potential to revolutionize the restaurant industry. Already automation is making its way into fast food kitchens, where its taking on repetitive tasks such as flipping burgers and working the fry station.

AI, the smart technology that powers robocalls and helps forecasting models to predict the weather, may also soon play a role in the food service industry, not just by taking on simple tasks but also by dealing with higher order responsibilities like ordering food and writing menus.

OpenAI, a San Francisco-based software company that develops and deploys artificial general intelligence (AGI), recently put its GPT-3 software to the test. GPT-3 is a third generation, deep learning language model that draws upon information it finds anywhere on the internet to develop answers to user queries.

OpenAI put GPT-3 to the test by asking it to develop recipes based on simple language requests like beef bourguignon and Mexican lasagna. The recipes GPT-3 compiled were then prepared and evaluated by a group of volunteers. Well-known recipes developed by the likes of Julia Child, Wolfgang Puck, and Rachael Ray served as benchmarks for the evaluators.

Though GPT-3 produced some interesting results, its recipes, with one exception, were not scored as high as those developed by human chefs.

Nonetheless, the study illustrated AIs potential to take over higher order tasks like menu development and recipe creation. Thus the day might not be very far off when the product development chef at a restaurant chain is actually a piece of AI software.

For the full report on OpenAIs AI vs. Famous Chef Recipes culinary challenge, go to refluxgate.com/ai-vs-famous-chef-recipes.

Winter is a season during which restaurants have traditionally promoted game dinners. This year, given the unique circumstances under which we are all living our lives, those sorts of events arent easy to put together.

Delaneys Market has developed a strategy by which the Log Cabin-Delaney Group can deliver a socially-distanced game dinner experience.

Delaneys Market locations will be featuring a Game Dinner at Home this month. The four-course meal includes bison meatballs, a venison hunters stew, a wild pheasant turnover, and a wildberry cobbler with whipped cream.

Each take-home package is designed to serve two, and Delaneys Market is providing a cooking video to help those receiving the package finish the meal preparation.

Contact one of the three Delaneys Market locations - Longmeadow, Westfield, or Wilbraham - on Wednesday, Feb. 17 to order the Game Dinner package, which will be ready for pickup on Saturday, Feb. 20.

Pancake Sundaes Diner and Bakery in Westfield, a family-owned breakfast and lunch restaurant, has been turning out its own unique style of morning food since it opened in 2015.

Run by the husband-and-wife team of Frank and Shelly Baldwin, Pancake Sundaes is currently limiting its operation to Saturdays and Sundays from 7 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.

Pandemic-constrained operating hours arent curbing Frank Baldwins creativity, however. Every weekend he puts together an inventive menu of breakfast specialties to supplement Pancake Sundaes basic repertoire.

Offerings can include the likes of bacon-chocolate chip pancakes, apple crisp French toast, and Baldwins Dirty Philly omelet thats filled with shaved ribeye, sauteed onions, and fried peppers.

Theres usually an exhaustive list of eggs Benedict variations; homemade corned beef hash and crispy Homies are menu regulars. Each weekends specials can be found on Pancake Sundaes Facebook page, Facebook.com/pancakesundaes.

The restaurant, which is currently offering limited indoor dining as well as contactless to-go service, answers at (413) 572-6832.

Maxs Tavern at the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield will be presenting its winter food and wine pairing dinner, Cabs & Slabs, on Thursday, Feb. 25.

The dinner this year is different from past such events. In addition to Napa Valley Cabernet varietals, the Cabs include a Washington State vintage by Canvasback Winery of Red Mountain, WA.

Maxs Tavern Chef Nathaniel Waugamans menu for the evening has a game dinner sensibility, featuring Wagyu beef tartare, braised wild boar shank, Denver lamb ribs, and a grilled bison strip loin.

The five-course menu will also include a chocolate raspberry mousse bar for desert.

Reservations for the dinner are available from 5:30 p.m. on through the evening. Cost to attend is $115 per person, not including tax or gratuity.

Call (413) 746-6299 for reservations.

The Munich Haus German Restaurant in Chicopee will be featuring a Valentines Dinner menu on Feb. 12-14.

Available as either a dine-in or a take-home option, the menu includes an appetizer, a choice of any two schnitzel or chicken entrees with side dishes and salad, and a house-made dessert (either red velvet cheesecake or a Black Forest cake heart) to share.

Upgrades are available, including a sausage sampler, salmon filet, or filet mignon option. Selected wines by the bottle are also available.

Reservations for on-premises dining are required, and take-home packages must be pre-ordered. Contact the Munich Haus German Restaurant at (413) 594-8788 for more information.

February limited-time offerings at participating Dunkin locations are, not surprisingly, Valentines Day-themed.

The chain is offering two heart-shaped donut selections - a brownie batter donut filled with brownie-flavored buttercream and a Cupids choice donut filled with Bavarian kreme and iced with pink, strawberry-flavored icing.

Featured beverages this month include a mocha macchiato and a pink velvet macchiato that features red velvet flavoring. Both drinks are available either hot or iced.

Participating McDonalds restaurants are spicing up mid-winter by bringing back Spicy Chicken McNuggets, a menu item that was last featured in Fall 2020.

Mighty Hot Sauce, spicy, garlicky, and slightly sweet, will also be around for the duration of this limited time only offering.

The Spicy McNuggets feature a tempura-style coating enlivened with cayenne and chile pepper. Pricing is the same as for the chains regular McNuggets items.

Partners Restaurant in Feeding Hills will be hosting dinner by candlelight on Valentines Day weekend. For dine-in purposes Mark and Sue Tansey have put together a special prix-fixe, four-course dinner for Friday and Saturday evenings, Feb. 12 and 13. Three dinner to-go packages will also be available.

The dine-in menu, which will be available from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. both evenings, includes a choice from among five entree options: braised short ribs, grilled salmon, chicken saltimbocca, ricotta ravioli, and filet mignon Oscar. Reservations are required for socially-distanced, on-premises dining.

Finish-at-home dinners include short ribs, chicken saltimbocca, or seafood casserole; sides, salad, and a dessert selection are included. Takeout orders must be placed by Thursday, Feb. 11.

More details on these special Valentines Day offerings can be found at the restaurants Facebook page, facebook.com/Partners.RestaurantCatering

Partners Restaurant answers at (413) 786-0975.

Chez Josef in Agawam is offering a delivery or pickup date night this year in the form of a Valentines Dinner for Two To-Go.

The all-inclusive, heat @ home package include a selection of hors doeuvres, a salad course, and a choice of two entrees.

Main course selections include filet mignon, parmesan chicken breast, seared sea bass, or lentil-stuffed sweet pepper. A surf and turf upgrade is also available. Dessert is part of the take-home package, as is a bottle of house wine.

In addition Chez Josef is offering individual meal selections as well as a brunch box that can be customizes to serve either two or four.

Curbside pickup is available at Chez Josefs Agawam location; local delivery is also available. An online ordering platform is available at linktr.ee/chez2go; questions about menus, pricing, and delivery area can also be phoned in to (413) 355-5393.

Hugh Robert is a faculty member in Holyoke Community Colleges hospitality and culinary arts program and has nearly 45 years of restaurant and educational experience. Robert can be reached on-line at OffTheMenuGuy@aol.com.

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Off The Menu: Artificial intelligence lends hand in recipe development - MassLive.com

Has artificial intelligence revolutionized recruitments? Source: Shutterstock

Though the technology has been around for over a decade now, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in employment recruiting expanded rapidly throughout 2020 in response to Covid-19.Due to the pandemic alone, the adoption of new technological behaviors, from video-conferencing to remote working, reached levels that were not expected until 2025 or even 2030.

In fact, a report from The Economist cites research from global consultancy firm McKinsey where they acknowledge that recent data has showed that we have essentially vaulted forward five years in digital adoptions, both in consumer and business behaviors. All in the space of just eight weeks.

The accelerated use of AI and machine learning by recruitment specialists over the past year has added thousands of jobs to the global market, and most importantly become essential prerequisites for enhancing recruiting efforts for companies around the world.

Well, for starters its incredibly precise, accurate and fast. AI has an unparalleled ability to rapidly sift through millions of data points among candidates, enabling recruiters to quickly identify high-potential individuals suited for open roles.

Additionally, AI allows recruiters to tap into a wider talent pool to source potential candidates. This includes scouring through online career boards, social media platforms, and even going through agency databases.

Prior to the pandemic, some large organizations had already adopted digitally-led human resource processes and were using AI for candidate consideration. Multi-national telecommunications company, Vodafone was already using AI to sift through over 100,000 graduates applying for 1,000 jobs.With such a high volume of candidates, the companys HR department recently teamed up with HR software company HireVue to test an AI application that removes human bias from the recruitment process. The system works by extracting as many as 25,000 data points from video interviews.It examines visual and verbal cues from candidates, comparing their word choice, facial movements, body language, and tone to help identify the best ones. Utah-based HireVuus AI system uses previously recorded videos of job applicants, asking them interview questions via their laptops webcam and microphone, and using subsequent movements and answers to base their concluding points.

HireVue has shared that between its inception and September 2019, it had conducted a total of 12 million interviews. Out of these, about 20% were done using AI software. The other 80% were done using a human interviewer on the other end of a video screen. The overall figure has now risen to 19 million, with the same percentage split.

HireVue first started offering AI interviews in 2016. Users of this service include computer chip designer ARM, and travel services firm Sabre.

Another US-based firm, Pymetrics has been using AI software in the initial recruitment processes of a number of multinational companies on their client roster. These include globally-recognized names like McDonalds, JP Morgan Bank, accountancy firm PWC, and food group Kraft Heinz. If AI deems the candidate suitable, a human recruiter will then set up an in-person interview.

A report from 2019 said that the growth in the use of AI will replace 16% of recruitment sector jobs before 2029.

Even global research and advisory firm Gartner predict AI-related job creation will reach two million net-new jobs in the next few years.

The World Economic Forum in its recent report went on to identify data analysts and scientists, AI and machine-learning specialists, big data specialists, and digital marketing and strategy specialists as the top four roles seeing increased demand.

While China and the US are competing for the first position in the AI race, small and big businesses throughout Southeast Asia also have developed some innovative AI solutions, too, but not without some challenges.

Even a McKinsey Global Institute study on AI reveals that those companies that have a clear plan to apply machine intelligence in their business are seeing a significant impact on their business. That same study reported that more than 30% of Southeast Asias biggest companies mentioned terms such as machine learning and AI in their most recent annual reports, compared to only 6% in 2011 illustrating that AI is moving to the forefront of businesses strategies.

According to Vervoe, SMEs can use AI in hiring in three specific parts of the process; sourcing: to find and connect with talent faster; screening: to identify and select the best applicants quickly; interviewing: to schedule interviews and save time.

There are also tools that use AI to improve recruiting results on a small business budget such as Vervoe, SmartRecruiters, ZipRecruiter, Workable, Breezy, and BambooHR.

Dashveenjit Kaur| @DashveenjitK

Dashveen writes for Tech Wire Asia and TechHQ, providing research-based commentary on the exciting world of technology in business. Previously, she reported on the ground of Malaysia's fast-paced political arena and stock market.

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Has artificial intelligence revolutionized recruitment? - Tech Wire Asia

FOX 2 and KPLR 11 in St. Louis cover the news in Missouri and Illinois. There are over 68 hours of live news and local programming on-air each week. Our website and live video streams operate 24/7. Download our apps for alerts and follow us on social media for updates in your feed.

President Harry Truman said: It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit. That spirit is alive and well at Fox 2. Our teamwork is on display each and every day.

Our news slogan is: Coverage You Can Count On. We quite frankly are too busy to worry about who gets the credit. Our main concern is serving the viewer.

We go where the stories take us. Whether it be Washington, D.C when a Belleville man opened fire during a congressional baseball game practice or to Puerto Rico where local Ameren crews restored power after more than 5 months in the dark.

Coverage You Can Count On means Waking up your Day with our top-rated morning show. From 4:00 am-10:00 am we are leading the way with breaking news. But our early morning crew also knows how to have some fun! Our strong commitment to the communities we serve is highlighted with our Friday neighborhood shows.

Our investigative unit consists of three reporters. Elliott Davis focuses on government waste, Chris Hayes is our investigative reporter, and Mike Colombo is our consumer reporter. They work in unison with the news department by sharing resources and ideas.

We continue to cover breaking news aggressively and relied on our seasoned journalists to make a difference with the stories we covered. The shooting of Arnold Police Officer Ryan OConnor is just one example of that. Jasmine Huda was the only reporter who had exclusive access to the OConnor family during his amazing rehabilitation in Colorado.

Last, but certainly not least, FOX 2 and KPLR 11 are committed to covering local politics. We host debates among candidates and have the most extensive presidential election coverage. Our commitment to politics isnt just during an election year. We produce two political shows that air every weekend.

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Researchers have developed a new method to counter emergent mutations of COVID-19 and hasten vaccine development to stop the pathogen responsible for killing thousands of people and ruining economies.

Using Artificial Intelligence (AI), the research team at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering developed a method to speed the analysis of vaccines and zero in on the best potential preventive medical therapy.

According to the researchers, the method is easily adaptable to analyze potential mutations of the virus, ensuring the best possible vaccines are quickly identifiedsolutions that give humans a big advantage over the evolving contagion.

"This AI framework, applied to the specifics of this virus, can provide vaccine candidates within seconds and move them to clinical trials quickly to achieve preventive medical therapies without compromising safety," said researcher Paul Bogdan from the varsity.

"Moreover, this can be adapted to help us stay ahead of the coronavirus as it mutates around the world," Bogdan added, in the study published in the journal Scientific Reports.

When applied to SARS-CoV-2the virus that causes COVID-19the computer model quickly eliminated 95% of the compounds that could've possibly treated the pathogen and pinpointed the best options, the study said.

The AI-assisted method predicted 26 potential vaccines that would work against the coronavirus. From those, the researchers identified the best 11 from which to construct a multi-epitope vaccine, which can attack the spike proteins that the coronavirus uses to bind and penetrate a host cell.

Vaccines target the regionor epitopeof the contagion to disrupt the spike protein, neutralizing the ability of the virus to replicate, the team said. Moreover, the engineers can construct a new multi-epitope vaccine for a new virus in less than a minute and validate its quality within an hour, they added.

By contrast, current processes to control the virus require growing the pathogen in the lab, deactivating it and injecting the virus that caused a disease. The process is time-consuming and takes more than one year; meanwhile, the disease spreads.

**

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The 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21), held virtually this year, saw more than 9,000 paper submissions, of which, only 1,692 research papers made the cut.

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) committee has announced the Best Paper and Runners Up awards. Lets take a look at the papers that won the awards.

About: Informer is an efficient transformer-based model for Long Sequence Time-series Forecasting (LSTF). A team of researchers from UC Berkeley introduced this Transformer model to predict long sequences. Informer has three distinctive characteristics:

Read the paper here.

About: Exploration-exploitation is a powerful tool in multi-agent learning (MAL). A team of researchers from Singapore University of Technology studied a variant of stateless Q-learning, with softmax or Boltzmann exploration, also termed as Boltzmann Q-learning or smooth Q-learning (SQL). Boltzmann Q-learning is one of the most fundamental models of exploration-exploitation in MAS.

Read the paper here.

About: Researchers from Dartmouth College, University of Texas and ProtagoLabs described metrics for measuring political bias in GPT-2 generation and proposed a reinforcement learning (RL) framework to reduce political biases in the generated text. Using rewards from word embeddings or a classifier, the RL framework guided the debiased generation without having access to the training data or requiring the model to be retrained. The researchers also proposed two bias metrics (indirect bias and direct bias) to quantify the political bias in language model generation.

Read the paper here.

About: Researchers from Amazon and UC Berkeley studied the problem of batch learning from bandit feedback in extremely large action spaces. They introduced a selective importance sampling estimator (sIS) operating in a significantly more favorable bias-variance regime. The sIS estimator is obtained by performing importance sampling on the conditional expectation of the reward concerning a small subset of actions for each instance.

Read the paper here.

About: Researchers from Microsoft and Beihang University proposed a self-attention attribution algorithm to interpret the information interactions inside the Transformer. As part of the research, the scientists first extracted the most salient dependencies in each layer to construct an attribution graph, which reveals the hierarchical interactions inside the Transformer. Next, they applied self attention attribution to identify the important attention head. Finally, they showed that the attribution results can be used as adversarial patterns to implement non-targeted attacks towards BERT.

Read the paper here.

About: Researchers from Harvard University and Carnegie Mellon University introduced LIZARD, an algorithm that accounts for decomposability of the reward function, smoothness of the decomposed reward function across features, monotonicity of rewards as patrollers exert more effort, and availability of historical data. According to them, LIZARD leverages both decomposability and Lipschitz continuity simultaneously, bridging the gap between combinatorial and Lipschitz bandits.

Read the paper here.

A Technical Journalist who loves writing about Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. A lover of music, writing and learning something out of the box. Contact: [emailprotected]

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Which Papers Won At 35th AAAI Conference On Artificial Intelligence? - Analytics India Magazine

In the past few years, researchers have turned increasingly to data science techniques to aid problem-solving in organic synthesis.

Researchers in the lab ofAbigail Doyle, Princeton's A. Barton Hepburn Professor of Chemistry,have developed open-source software that provides them with a state-of-the-art optimization algorithm to use in everyday work, folding whats been learned in the machine learning field into synthetic chemistry.

Princeton chemists Benjamin Shields and Abigail Doyle worked with computer scientist Ryan Adams (not pictured) to create machine learning software that can optimize reactions using artificial intelligence to speed through thousands of reactions that chemists used to have to labor through one by one.

Photo by

C. Todd Reichart, Department of Chemistry

The software adapts key principles of Bayesian Optimization (BO) to allow faster and more efficient syntheses of chemicals.

Based on the Bayes Theorem, a mathematical formula for determining conditional probability, BO is a widely used strategy in the sciences. Broadly defined, it allows people and computersuse prior knowledge to inform and optimize future decisions.

The chemists in Doyle's lab, in collaboration withRyanAdams, a professor of computer science,and colleagues at Bristol-Myers Squibb, comparedhuman decision-making capabilities with the software package. They found that the optimization tool yields both greater efficiency over human participants and less bias on a test reaction. Their work appears in the current issue of the journal Nature.

Reaction optimization is ubiquitous in chemical synthesis, both in academia and across the chemical industry, said Doyle.Since chemical space is so large, it is impossible for chemists to evaluate the entirety of a reaction space experimentally. We wanted to develop and assess BO as a tool for synthetic chemistry given its success for related optimization problems in the sciences.

Benjamin Shields, a former postdoctoral fellow in the Doyle lab and the papers lead author, created the Python package.

I come from a synthetic chemistry background, so I definitely appreciate that synthetic chemists are pretty good at tackling these problems on their own, said Shields. Where I think the real strength of Bayesian Optimization comes in is that it allows us to model these high-dimensional problems and capture trends that we may not see in the data ourselves, so it can process the data a lot better.

And two, within a space, it will not be held back by the biases of a human chemist, he added.

The software started as an out-of-field project to fulfill Shields doctoral requirements. Doyle and Shield then formed a team under the Center for Computer Assisted Synthesis (C-CAS), a National Science Foundation initiative launched at five universities to transform how the synthesis of complex organic molecules is planned and executed. Doyle has been a principal investigator with C-CAS since 2019.

Reaction optimization can be an expensive and time-consuming process, said Adams, who is also the director of the Program in Statistics and Machine Learning. This approach not only accelerates it using state-of-the-art techniques, but also finds better solutions than humans would typically identify. I think this is just the beginning of whats possible with Bayesian Optimization in this space.

Users start by defining a search space plausible experiments to consider such as a list of catalysts, reagents, ligands, solvents, temperatures, and concentrations. Once that space is prepared and the user defines how many experiments to run, the software chooses initial experimental conditions to be evaluated. Thenit suggests new experiments to run, iterating through a smaller and smaller cast of choices until the reaction is optimized.

In designing the software, I tried to include ways for people to kind of inject what they know about a reaction, said Shields. No matter how you use this or machine learning in general, theres always going to be a case where human expertise is valuable.

The software and examples for its use can be accessed at this repository. GitHub links are available for the following: software that represents the chemicals under evaluation in a machine-readable format via density-functional theory; software for reaction optimization; and the game that collects chemists decision-making on optimization of the test reaction.

"Bayesian reaction optimization as a tool for chemical synthesis," byBenjamin J. Shields, Jason Stevens, Jun Li, Marvin Parasram, Farhan Damani, Jesus I. Martinez Alvarado, Jacob M. Janey, Ryan P. Adams andAbigail G. Doyle, appears in the Feb. 3 issue of the journal Nature (DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03213-y). This research was supported by funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Princeton Catalysis Initiative, the National Science Foundation under the CCI Center for Computer Assisted Synthesis (CHE-1925607), and the DataX Program at Princeton University through support from the Schmidt Futures Foundation.

Editor's note: You can read the unabridged version of this story on the Department of Chemistry homepage.

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