XEdDSA and VXEdDSA

This document describes how to create and verify EdDSA-compatible signatures using public key and private key formats initially defined for the X25519 and X448 elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman functions. This document also describes "VXEdDSA" which extends XEdDSA to make it a verifiable random function, or VRF.

X3DH

This document describes the "X3DH" (or "Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman") key agreement protocol. X3DH establishes a shared secret key between two parties who mutually authenticate each other based on public keys. X3DH provides forward secrecy and cryptographic deniability.

Double Ratchet

This document describes the Double Ratchet algorithm, which is used by two parties to exchange encrypted messages based on a shared secret key. The parties derive new keys for every Double Ratchet message so that earlier keys cannot be calculated from later ones. The parties also send Diffie-Hellman public values attached to their messages. The results of Diffie-Hellman calculations are mixed into the derived keys so that later keys cannot be calculated from earlier ones. These properties give some protection to earlier or later encrypted messages in case of a compromise of a party's keys.

Sesame

This document describes the Sesame algorithm for managing message encryption sessions in an asynchronous and multi-device setting.

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Signal >> Documentation

from the residents-asked-to-pay-for-man-in-the-middle-attacks-against-them dept

India is still a democracy. Or so it pretends. But its becoming indistinguishable from autocratic regimes, like those found in some of its nearby neighbors, China, Turkey, and Pakistan.

Under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has become indistinguishable from dozens of other abusive regimes run by dictators, all while trying to uphold the pretense of democracy. Since Modis election in 2014, the government has endlessly sought ways to stifle dissent and monitor all local internet activity. The Indian government has taken legislative swipes against VPN providers, made third party platforms directly responsible for user-generated content, and leveraged fear-inducing (but poorly defined) terms like terrorism and fake news to propose and pass laws that expand already generous government snooping powers.

Despite its best efforts, the Indian government has been unable to outlaw device and communication encryption. But that hasnt stopped it from trying. If the government cant mandate backdoors, perhaps it can force providers of encrypted communication services to allow the government to BCC itself on communications it cant force out the hands of those providing end-to-end encryption.

The government has proposed a law to bring under a legal framework the interception of over-the-top communication services (OTT), such as WhatsApp and Signal which are encrypted, according to the new draft telecommunications bill uploaded late on Wednesday.

Presumably, this will be justified with assertions about national security and fighting rampant crime and corruption. The ends are a subversion of encrypted communications under the assumption that those who utilize encryption are criminals or subversives who must be spied on to secure the nation and, perhaps most importantly, secure Modis position.

The government will decided whos affected by this, no matter what the final language of the bill says. It is seeking public feedback on the bill, but history indicates the government wont be dissuaded by commenters who think the government should not give itself this much power.

The legislation would not only target text messages, but also allow the government to piggyback on encrypted voice and video calls. This gives it an opportunity to listen in on communications made by people whod rather not create a digital paper trail of text messages.

All the government would need to do is utter the magic words (terrorism, fake news, public safety, misinformation, crime, etc.) and encrypted services would be forced to become open books. Heres the relevant language:

Under section 24 of the draft, the central and state government, or any officer specially authorised in this behalf by the central or a state government can on the occurrence of any public emergency or in the interest of the public safety if it is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient to do so, in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity or security of India, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, or preventing incitement to an offence, for reasons to be recorded in writing, by order direct that any message or class of messages, to or from any person or class of persons received by any telecommunication services shall not be transmitted, or shall be intercepted or detained or disclosed to the officer mentioned in such order.

Governments not the governed have the power to decided what is in the interest of public safety. These two parties rarely see eye-to-eye. But only one of the parties has the power to decrypt communications. The Modi government and legislators who prefer fealty to serving the public are hoping this is what the future holds: a country where encryption no longer matters because the government has the power to insert itself into conversations between citizens. Vague language will permit the intrusion. The occasional recovery of something incriminating will be endlessly touted as justification for the laws existence. And if this means providers of encrypted communications are no longer willing to offer their services in India, it will give the government what it wants, without all the hassle of prosecuting entities that refuse to subject their users to government eavesdropping.

Filed Under: backdoors, encrypted messaging, encryption, india

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Indian Legislators Want The Government To Be Able To Intercept Encrypted Messages - Techdirt

When people think about data security in government, they immediately think about encryption. And rightfully so: Encrypting data at rest and in motion has been a best practice for the past decade. In recent years, however, the data security arsenal has expanded to include what is becoming known as deep data inspection.

Deep data inspection goes one step deeper into data security and looks inside packaged data for threats and quality defects.

We've been trained to believe that security threats -- malicious or unintentional exploits --emerge as data is first created. What has been overlooked in many instances, however, is that data quality issues are actually an intrinsic part of data security.

Deep data inspection is analogous in many ways to network-based deep packet inspection. In the earliest days of the internet, information crossed the internet in clear text. As hacking became more common, IT managers concluded they needed to look inside individual network packets to determine whether the data contained in those packets was legitimate.

Today, data security is beginning to conduct deep data inspection on data files especially those that fuel artificial intelligence and machine learning products that make sense of todays enormous data warehouses.

A comprehensive data security strategy now must include both inspection and encryption and, in fact, it makes the most sense to start with inspection. After all, if data is encrypted before it is inspected, its akin to locking the criminal inside the house, from a security perspective.

Consider the example of a comma-separated-value (CSV) file, similar to a spreadsheet. In the world of big data, these files can contain millions of rows and columns. Data files like these are typically encrypted because they must be protected as they move across the internet and are shared from one authorized user to the next. All thats needed is an intentional or unintentional exploit in a single cell in one file for systems to be corrupted, crashed or taken over.

Its essential, therefore, to be able to scan all those rows and columns to validate that not only are there no threats hidden in the data, but that the data itself is of good quality, properly formatted and ready for glitch-free AI modeling.

And lets not underestimate the importance of data quality in AI modeling. Because of the massive size of data files, AI is an absolutely essential part of turning data into useable information for both internal and external customers. It is therefore also an essential aspect of the health and performance of the network itself.

Data doesnt have to include malicious code to have a significant financial and operational adverse effect on AI models. Possible data corruption, incomplete data volumes, formatting errors, incomplete data or duplicate data are not only expensive from a storage and network management perspective; these problems also call into question the accuracy of AI modeling that makes big data useful to begin with. Thats why poor data quality can be as much of a network problem as security exploits.

Turning back to the larger issue, theres a curious dilemma inherent in data security. Cloud service providers often underscore that security is a shared responsibility; providers are responsible for security of the cloud, and users are responsible for security in the cloud. Cloud providers commonly expect that customers will encrypt their data.

But data encryption makes it more difficult to judge the quality of data. Ironically, in many of the most secure environments in which Ive worked, data encryption is regarded as a necessary evil at best, because of the limitations it puts on being able to examine data. If a data exploit has been proven, it becomes that much harder to find it once it has been encrypted.

None of this is to say that data shouldnt be encrypted, but its important to be aware of the issues that emerge from data encryption that make exploits or data quality problems harder to detect and isolate.

A comprehensive data security strategy, therefore especially as artificial intelligence becomes a commonplace method of analyzing and using data must be rooted in an understanding that both deep data inspection and data encryption are essential to network health. And in terms of order, deep data inspection must come before data encryption to get the best value from data at rest or in motion.

Dave Hirko is founder and principal of Zectonal.

Read more:
Deep data inspection: The overlooked element in government data security - GCN.com

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TORONTO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Echoworx, the industry leader in cloud-based email and statement encryption, announced today their partnership with Saepio Information Security, providing next-gen secure delivery of confidential and sensitive information to any email recipient in the world.

77% of tech leaders cited the need to increase protection of their documents and messages in transit, found a study conducted by Forrester on behalf of Echoworx. For businesses like Saepio a UK-founded managed services, advisory and technology implementation company providing future fit security strategies is a crucial step in protecting their clients from breaches and data loss.

Today's technology leaders are looking to implement leading-edge strategies. Through our partnership with Echoworx, were providing our customers an innovative, modernized approach to email and data protection, says Joseph Hedegaard Ganly, Solutions Architect at Saepio. We strive to deliver a three-tier policy, people, and product approach to information security and importantly, maintain it ongoing, and Echoworx helps us tackle this challenge for our clients beautifully.

The risks of cyber-crimes and data breaches are constantly evolving; having cyber and information security that evolves along with it is essential for keeping data safe, but also keeping up with client needs and meeting regulatory requirements.

451 Research said it best: Email security is making a strong case to be the next next-gen market in cybersecurity, says Rosario Perri, VP Channels EMEA at Echoworx. Working with consultative professionals, like Saepio, who only partner with a select group of trusted security vendors, means they truly understand the value of best practice security.

Kicking off the partnership, senior technology veterans from Echoworx and Saepio will be hosting a live event to top UK law firms this November in London, England.

About Echoworx

Echoworxs scalable, easy to use, and configurable cloud security and email encryption solutions, have been adopted by enterprises in more than 30 countries and 28 languages. Through their partnership with Saepio, Echoworx further demonstrates its commitment to providing enterprises with not just a product, but best-in-breed security solution.www.echoworx.com

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220926005068/en/

Echoworx Media ContactLorena MageeVP Marketing[emailprotected]+1 416 226-8600

Source: Echoworx

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Echoworx and Saepio Information Security Partner to Deliver Next-Gen Encryption - StreetInsider.com

Sep 26, 2022(Nanowerk News) Metasurfaces, composed of nanoresonator arrays with tailored structure and subwavelength feature size, show the potential of manipulating various degrees of freedom for manipulating light, which opens a new door to the field of optical encryption.In addition, metasurface holography can encode multiple images on a single metasurface by multiplexing methods, which can improve the information capacity and further realize the applications of encryption, anti-counterfeiting with higher security and fidelity.Based on these advantages, researchers in China have now proposed an optical encryption method based on the combination of single pixel imaging and metasurface holography.Schematic illustration of single pixel imaging key for holographic encryption based on metasurface. The red dashed box on the left is the encryption process, and the blue dashed box on the right is the decryption process. The intensity signal and the metasurface are ciphertext, and the pattern sequence in the coding and the subhologram position on the metasurface are used as the key. (Reprinted with permission by Wiley-VCH Verlag)They report their findings in Small ("Single Pixel Imaging Key for Holographic Encryption Based on Spatial Multiplexing Metasurface").Through the spatial movement of the metasurface, a large number of patterns required for single pixel imaging can be generated. In addition, a single metasurface can accommodate holograms of 26 letters and 10 numbers, and there is a 50% overlap region between adjacent subholograms in the horizontal direction.Experimental results of nanoholes array metasurface. a) QR code image reconstructed by single pixel imaging based on metasurface. b) Holographic reconstructed image addressed by the string of QR code. (Reprinted with permission by Wiley-VCH Verlag)By using the reconstruction image of single pixel imaging as the addressing key, the matching of arbitrary letters and numbers can be realized on holography, which increases the capacity and freedom of information transmission.More importantly, due to the existence of overlapping regions between subholograms, more accurate illumination is required to obtain a clear reconstruction image, which greatly meets the security of optical encryption. Through the combination of single pixel imaging and holography, our encryption method can improve the security of encrypted information meanwhile improving the coverage of plaintext information.Owing to these excellent characteristics, the team points out that this novel scheme provides a new route to information encryption.

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Optical encryption method based on single pixel imaging and metasurface holography - Nanowerk

Global Optical Encryption Market Overview :

The global Optical Encryptionmarket is expected to grow at a significant pace, according to a verified market research. The latest research report, titled Optical Encryption Market, offers a unique perspective on the global market. Analysts believe that changing consumption patterns should have a big impact on the market as a whole. For a brief overview of the Global Optical Encryption market, the research report contains a summary. It explains the various factors that make up an important part of the market. It includes the definition and coverage of the market with a detailed explanation of the market drivers, opportunities, constraints and threats.

Global Optical Encryption Market Segmentation:

Segmentation chapters allow readers to understand aspects of the market, such as its products, available technologies and their applications. These chapters are written in such a way as to describe how they have evolved over the years, and what course they are likely to choose in the coming years. The research report also provides detailed information on emerging trends that may determine progress in these segments in the coming years.

Optical Encryption Market was valued at USD 3.09 Billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 5.96 Billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 8.54% from 2021 to 2028.

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Global Optical Encryption Market : Competitive rivalry

The research report includes an analysis of the competitive environment present in the Global Optical Encryption market. It includes an assessment of current and future trends in which players can invest. In addition, it also includes an assessment of the financial prospects of the players and explains the nature of the competition.

Key Players mentioned in the Global Market Research Report Optical Encryption Market:

Market segmentation of Optical Encryption market:

Optical Encryption market is divided by type and application. For the period 2021-2028, cross-segment growth provides accurate calculations and forecasts of sales by Type and Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you grow your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Optical Encryption Market, By Encryption Layer

OTN-Layer 1 MACsec-Layer 2 IPsec-Layer 3

Optical Encryption Market, By Data Rate

Less than 10G Greater than 10G and less than 40G Greater than 40G and less than 100G Greater than 100G

Optical Encryption Market, By Vertical

Banking, financial services, and insurance (BFSI) Government Healthcare Data center and cloud Energy and utilities Others

Global Optical Encryption Market: Research methodology

The research methodologies used by analysts play a crucial role in how the publication was compiled. Analysts used primary and secondary research methodologies to create a comprehensive analysis. For an accurate and accurate analysis of the Global Optical Encryptionmarket analysts use ascending and descending approaches.

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Optical Encryption Market Report Scope

Global Optical Encryption Market: Regional segmentation

For further understanding, the research report includes a geographical segmentation of the Global Optical Encryption Market. It provides an assessment of the volatility of political scenarios and changes that may be made to regulatory structures. This estimate provides an accurate analysis of the regional growth of the Global Optical Encryption Market.

Middle East and Africa (GCC countries and Egypt)North America (USA, Mexico and Canada)South America (Brazil, etc.)Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, Italy, France, etc.)Asia-Pacific region (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia and Australia)

Table of Contents

Report Overview:It includes major players of the global Optical Encryption Market covered in the research study, research scope, and Market segments by type, market segments by application, years considered for the research study, and objectives of the report.

Global Growth Trends:This section focuses on industry trends where market drivers and top market trends are shed light upon. It also provides growth rates of key producers operating in the global Optical Encryption Market. Furthermore, it offers production and capacity analysis where marketing pricing trends, capacity, production, and production value of the global Optical Encryption Market are discussed.

Market Share by Manufacturers:Here, the report provides details about revenue by manufacturers, production and capacity by manufacturers, price by manufacturers, expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and products, market entry dates, distribution, and market areas of key manufacturers.

Market Size by Type:This section concentrates on product type segments where production value market share, price, and production market share by product type are discussed.

Market Size by Application:Besides an overview of the global Optical Encryption Market by application, it gives a study on the consumption in the global Optical Encryption Market by application.

Production by Region:Here, the production value growth rate, production growth rate, import and export, and key players of each regional market are provided.

Consumption by Region:This section provides information on the consumption in each regional market studied in the report. The consumption is discussed on the basis of country, application, and product type.

Company Profiles:Almost all leading players of the global Optical Encryption Market are profiled in this section. The analysts have provided information about their recent developments in the global Optical Encryption Market, products, revenue, production, business, and company.

Market Forecast by Production:The production and production value forecasts included in this section are for the global Optical Encryption Market as well as for key regional markets.

Market Forecast by Consumption:The consumption and consumption value forecasts included in this section are for the global Optical Encryption Market as well as for key regional markets.

Value Chain and Sales Analysis:It deeply analyzes customers, distributors, sales channels, and value chain of the global Optical Encryption Market.

To Gain More Insights into the Market Analysis, Browse Summary of the Research Report @https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/optical-encryption-market/

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Optical Encryption Market Size And Forecast To 2022 |ADVA Optical Networking SE, Ciena Corporation, ECI Telecom Ltd., Nokia Corporation, Huawei...

Europe Network Encryption Market 2021-2031, Highlighted with 38 tables and 58 figures, this 116-page report by Component (Hardware, Solutions, Services), Data Rate (<10G, 10G-40G, 40G-100G, >100G), Transmission Type (Optical, Traditional), Deployment (Cloud-based, On-premise), Industry Vertical, Enterprise Size, and Country: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity is based on a comprehensive research of the entire Europe network encryption market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications.

Europe network encryption market was valued at $816.5 million in 2021 and will grow by 8.0% annually over 2021-2031, driven by the increasing network infrastructure and traffic data, a rising demand to meet different regulatory compliances, and the growing focus on shielding organizations from network security breaches.

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Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2018-2021 and provides forecast from 2022 till 2031 with 2021 as the base year. (Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)

In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects:Market StructureGrowth DriversRestraints and ChallengesEmerging Product Trends & Market OpportunitiesPorters Fiver Forces

The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify Europe network encryption market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Component, Data Rate, Transmission Type, Deployment, Industry Vertical, Enterprise Size, and Region.

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Key Companies Covered in theEurope Network Encryption MarketResearch areATMedia Gmbh, Atos SE, Certes Networks Inc., Ciena Corporation, Cisco Systems, Colt Technology Services Group Ltd., Juniper Networks Inc., Nokia Corporation, Packetlight Networks, Raytheon Technologies Corporation, Rohde & Schwarz Cybersecurity GmbH, Securosys SA, Senetas Corporation Ltd., Thales Trusted Cyber Technologies, Viasat Inc.and other key market players.

Based on ComponentHardwareSolutions & PlatformsServiceso Managed Serviceso Integration & Implementation Serviceso Training & Support Serviceso Advisory & Consulting Services

Based on Data RateLess Than 10G10G 40G40G 100GGreater Than 100G

By Transmission TypeOptical TransmissionTraditional Transmissiono Twisted Pair Cableo Coaxial Cableo Radiowaves and Microwaves

By DeploymentCloud-based DeploymentOn-premise Deployment

By Industry VerticalIT & TelecomBFSIGovernmentMedia & EntertainmentOther Industry Verticals

By Enterprise SizeLarge EnterprisesSmall & Medium Enterprise

GeographicallyGermanyUKFranceSpainItalyNetherlandsRest of Europe (further segmented into Russia, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland)

Table of Content:

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The following are the market factors covered in this report:

Important Market Strategic Developments:

The research covers the major strategic market developments, such as R&D, M&A, agreements, new product launches, collaborations, partnerships, joint ventures, and regional expansion of the major rivals operating in the market on a national and international level.

Key Market Features in Global Market:The report assessed key market features, including revenue, capacity, price, capacity utilization rate, production rate, gross, production, consumption, import/export, supply/demand, cost, market share, CAGR, and gross margin. The study also offers a thorough analysis of the most important market factors and their most recent developments, as well as pertinent market segments and sub-segments.

Analysiss Key Market Indicators & Method

Using a variety of analytical methodologies, the study uses in-depth research and evaluation to present information on the leading market players and their position within the industry. Analytical techniques, such as Porters five forces analysis, feasibility studies, SWOT analyses, and ROI analyses have been used to examine the development of the major market players.

Key Questions Answered in the Market Report

What will the market size be in 2030 and what will the growth rate be?What are the main trends that are positively impacting the growth of the market?What growth strategies are the players considering to stay in the market?Which regional market will emerge as a pioneer in the years to come?Which application segment will experience strong growth?Who are the key suppliers in this market space?What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?

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Europe Network Encryption Market Outlook 2022 And Forecast to 2031 The Colby Echo News - The Colby Echo News