Behnaz Farahi Breathing Wall II

Let us consider an augmented architect at work. He sits at a working station that has a visual display screen some three feet on a side, this is his working surface, controlled by a computer with which he can communicate by means of small keyboards and various other devices. Douglas Engelbart

This vision of the future architect was imagined by engineer and inventor Douglas Engelbart during his research into emerging computer systems atStanfordin 1962. At the dawn of personal computing he imagined the creative mind overlapping symbiotically with the intelligent machine to co-create designs. This dual mode of production, he envisaged, would hold the potential to generate new realities which could not be realized by either entity operating alone. Today, self-learning systems, otherwise known asartificial intelligence or AI, are changing the way architecture is practiced, as they do our daily lives, whether or not we realize it. If you are reading this on a laptop or tablet, then you are directly engaging with a number of integrated AI systems, now so embedded in our the way we use technology, they often go unnoticed.

As an industry, AI is growing at an exponential rate, now understood to be on track to be worth $70bn globally by 2020.This is in part due to constant innovation in the speed of microprocessors, which in turn increases the volume of data that can be gathered and stored. But dont panicthe artificial architect with enhanced Revit proficiency is not coming to steal your job. The human vs. robot debate, while compelling, is not so much the focus here but instead how AI is augmenting design and how architects are responding to and working with these technological developments. What kind of innovation is artificial intelligence generating in the construction industry?

Assuming you read this as a non-expert, it is likely that much of the AI you have encountered to this point has been weak AI, otherwise known as ANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence). ANI follows pre-programmed rules so that it appears intelligent but is in effect a simulation of a human-like thought process. With recent innovations such as that of Nvidias microchip in April 2016, a shift is now being seen towards what we might understand as deep learning, where a system can, in effect, train and adapt itself. The interest for designers is that AI is, therefore, starting to apply itself to more creative tasks, such aswriting books, making art, web design, or self-generating design solutions, due to its increased proficiency in recognizing speech and images. Significant AI winters', or periods where funding has been hard to source for the industry, have occurred over the last twenty years, but commentators such as philosopher Nick Bostrom now suggest we are on the cusp of an explosion in AI, and this will not only shape but drive the design industry in the next century. AI, therefore, has the potential to influence the architectural design process at a series of different construction stages, from site research to the realization and operation of the building.

1. Site and social research

By already knowing everything about us, our hobbies, likes, dislikes, activities, friends, our yearly income, etc., AI software can calculate population growth, prioritize projects, categorize streets according to usage and so on, and thus predict a virtual future and automatically draft urban plans that best represent and suit everyone.-Rron Beqiri on Future Architecture Platform.

Gathering information about a project and its constraints is often the first stage of an architectural design process, traditionally involving traveling to a site, perhaps measuring, sketching and taking photographs. In the online and connected world, there is already a swarm-like abundance of data for the architect to tap into, already linked and referenced against other sources allowing the designer to, in effect, simulate the surrounding site without ever having to engage with it physically. This information fabric has been referred to as the internet of things. BIM tools currently on the market already tap into these data constellations, allowing an architect to evaluate site conditions with minute precision. Software such as EcoDesigner Star or open-source plugins for Google SketchUp allows architects to immediately calculate necessary building and environmental analyses without ever having to leave their office. This phenomenon is already enabling many practices to take on large projects abroad that might have been logistically unachievable just a decade ago.The information gathered by our devices and stored in the Cloud amounts to much more than the material conditions of the world around us

The information gathered by our devices and stored in the Cloud amounts to much more than the material conditions of the world around us. Globally, we are amassing ever-expanding records of human behavior and interactions in real-time. Personal, soft data might, in the most optimistic sense, work towards the socially focused design that has been widely publicized in recent years by its ability to integrate the needs of users. This approach, if only in the first stages of the design process, would impact the twentieth-century ideals of mass production and standardization in design. Could the internet of things create a socially adaptable and responsive architecture? One could speculate that, for example, when the population of children in a city crosses a maximum threshold in relation to the number of schools, a notification might be sent to the district council that it is time to commission a new school. AI could, therefore, in effect, write the brief for and commission architects by generating new projects where they are most needed.

Autodesk. Bicycle design generated by Dreamcatcher AI software.

2. Design decision-making

Now that we have located live-updating intelligence for our site, it is time to harness AI to develop a design proposal. Rather than a program, this technology is better understood as an interconnected, self-designing system that can upgrade itself. It is possible to harness a huge amount of computing power and experience by working with these tools, even as an individual as Pete Baxter, Vice President of Digital Manufacturingat Autodesk,told the Guardian: now a one-man designer, a graduate designer, can get access to the same amount of computing power as these big multinational companies. The architect must input project parameters, in effect an edited design brief, and the computer system will then suggest a range of solutions which fulfill these criteria. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize how architecture is not only imagined but how it is fundamentally expressed for designers who choose to adopt these new methods.

I spoke with Michael Bergin, a Principal Research Scientist at Autodesk, to get a better understanding of how AI systems are influencing the development of design software for architects. While their work was initially aimed at the automotive and industrial design industries, Dreamcatcher now is beginning to filter into architecture projects. It was used recently to develop The Livings generative design for Autodesk's new office in Toronto and MX3Ds steel bridge in Amsterdam. The basic concept is that CAD models of the surrounding site and other data, such as client databases and environmental information, are fed into the processor. Moments later, the system outputs a series of optimized 3D design solutions ready to render. These processes effectively rely on cloud computing to create a multitude of options based on self-learning algorithmic parameters. Lattice-like and fluid forms are often the aesthetic result, perhaps unsurprisingly, as the software imitates structural rules found in nature.future architects would be less in the business of drawing and more into specifying requirements of the problem

The Dreamcatcher software has been designed to optimize parametric design and link into and extend existing software designed by Autodesk, such as Revit and Dynamo. Interestingly, Dreamcatcher can make use of a wide and increasing spectrum of design input datasuch as formulas, engineering requirements, CAD geometry, and sensor informationand the research team is now experimenting with Dreamcatchers ability to recognize sketches and text as input data. Bergin suggests he imagines the future of design tools as systems that accept any type of input that a designer can produce [to enable] a collaboration with the computer to iteratively target a high-performing design that meets all the varied needs of the design team. This would mean future architects would be less in the business of drawing and more into specifying requirements of the problem, making them more in sync with their machine counterparts in a project. Bergin suggests architects who adopt AI tools would have the ability to synthesize a broad set of high-level requirements from the design stakeholders, including clients and engineers, and produce design documentation as output, in line with Engelbarts vision of AI augmenting the skills of designers.

AI is also being used directly in software such as Space Syntaxs depthmapX, designed at The Bartlett in London, to analyze the spatial network of a city with an aim to understand and utilize social interactions and in the design process. Another tool, Unity 3D, is built from software developed for game engines to enable designers to analyze their plans, such as the shortest distances to fire exits. This information would then allow the architect to re-arrange or generate spaces in plan, or even to organize entire future buildings. Examples of architects who are adopting these methods include Zaha Hadid with the Beijing Tower project (designed antemortem) and MAD Architects in China, among others.

Computational Architecture Digital Grotesque Project

3. Client and user engagement

As so much of the technology built into AI has been developed from the gaming industry, its ability to produce forms of augmented reality have interesting potential to change the perception and engagement with architecture designs for both the architects and non-architects involved in a project. Through the use of additional hardware, augmented reality has the ability to capture and enhance real-world experience. It would enable people to engage with a design prior to construction, for example, to select the most appealing proposal from their experiences within its simulation. It is possible that many architecture projects will also remain in this unbuilt zone, in a parallel digital reality, which the majority of future world citizens will simultaneously inhabit.

Augmented reality would, therefore, allow a client to move through and sense different design proposals before they are built. Lights, sounds, even the smells of a building can be simulated, which could reorder the emphasis architects currently give to specific elements of their design. Such a change in representational method has the potential to shift what is possible within the field of architecture, as CAD drafting did at the beginning of this century. Additionally, the feedback generated by augmented reality can feed directly back into the design, allowing models to directly interact and adapt to future users. Smart design tools such as Materiable by Tangible Media are beginning to experiment with how AI can begin to engage with and learn from human behavior.

Computational Architecture Digital Grotesque Project

4. Realizing designs and rise of robot craftsmen

AI systems are already being integrated into the construction industryinnovative practices such asComputational Architectureare working with robotic craftsmen to explore AI in construction technology and fabrication. Michael Hansmeyer and Benjamin Dillenburger, founders of Computational Architecture, are investigating the new aesthetic language these developments are starting to generate. Architecture stands at an inflection point, he suggests on their website, the confluence of advances in both computation and fabrication technologies lets us create an architecture of hitherto unimaginable forms, with an unseen level of detail, producing entirely new spatial sensations.

3D printing technology developed from AI software has the potential to offer twenty-first-century architects a significantly different aesthetic language, perhaps catalyzing a resurgence of detail and ornamentation, now rare due to the decline in traditional crafts. Hansmeyer and Dillenburgers Grotto Prototype for the Super Material exhibition, London, was a complex architectural grotto 3D-printed from sandstone. The form of the sand grains was arranged by a series of algorithms custom designed by the practice. The technique allowed forms to be developed which were significantly different to that of traditional stonemasonry. The aim of the project was to show that it is now possible to print building-scale rooms from sandstone and that 3D printing can also be used for heritage applications, such as repairs to statues.The confluence of advances in both computation and fabrication technologies lets us create an architecture of hitherto unimaginable forms

Robotics are also becoming more common on construction job sites, mostly dealing with human resources and logistics. According to AEM, their applications will soon expand to bricklaying, concrete dispensing, welding, and demolition. Another example of their future use could include working with BIM to identify missing elements in the snagging process and update the AI in real-time. Large scale projects, for example, government-lead infrastructure initiatives, might be the first to apply this technology, followed by mid-scale projects in the private sector, such as cultural buildings. The challenges of the construction site will bring AI robotics out of the indoor, sanitized environment of the lab into a less scripted reality. Robert Saunders, a researcher into AI and fabrication at the University of Sydney, told New Atlas that "robots are great at repetitive tasks and working with materials that react reliablywhat we're interested in doing is trying to develop robots that are capable of learning how to work with materials that work in non-linear ways like working with hot wax or expanding foam or, more practically, with low-grade building materials like low-grade timber. Saunders foresees robot stonemasons and other craftsbots working in yet unforeseen ways, such as developing the architect's skeleton plans, in effect, spontaneously generating a building on-site from a sketch.

Ori System by Ori

5. Integrating AI systems

This innovation involves either integrating developing artificial technologies with existing infrastructure or designing architecture around AI systems. There is a lot of excitement in this field, influenced in part by Mark Zuckerbergs personal project to develop networked AI systems within his home, which he announced in hisNew years Facebook postin 2016. His wish is to develop simple AI systems to run his home and help with his day-to-day work. This technology would have the ability to recognize the voices of members of the household and respond to their requests. Designers are taking on the challenge of designing home-integrated systems, such as theOri Systemof responsive furniture, or gadgets such asEliqfor energy monitoring. Other innovations, such as driverless cars that run on an integrated system of self-learning AI, have the potential to shape how our cities are laid out and plannedin the most basic sense, limiting our need for more roads and parking areas.

Behnaz Farahi is a young architect who is employing her research into AI and adaptive surfaces to develop interactive designs, such as in her Aurora and Breathing Wall projects. She creates immersive and engaging indoor environments which adapt to and learn from their occupants. Her approach is one of manydifferent practices with different goals will adapt AI at different stages of their process, creating a multitude of architectural languages.

Researchers and designers working in the field of AI are attempting to understand the potential of computational intelligence to improve or even upgrade parts of the design process with an aim to create a more functional and user-optimized built environment. It has always been the architects task to make decisions based on complex, interwoven and sometimes contradictory sets of information. As AI gradually improves in making useful judgments in real-world situations, it is not hard to imagine these processes overlapping and engaging with each other. While these developments have the potential to raise questions in terms of ownership, agency and, of course, privacy in data gathering and use, the upsurge in self-learning technologies is already altering the power and scope of architects in design and construction. As architect and design theorist Christopher Alexander said back in 1964, We must face the fact that we are on the brink of times when man may be able to magnify his intellectual and inventive capacity, just as in the nineteenth century he used machines to magnify his physical capacity.To think architecturally is to imagine and construct new worlds, integrate systems and organize information

In our interview, Bergin gave some insights into how he sees this technology impacting designers in the next twenty years. The architectural language of projects in the future may be more expressive of the design teams intent, he stated. Generative design tools will allow teams to evaluate every possible alternative strategy to preserve design intent, instead of compromising on a sub-optimal solution because of limitations in time and/or resources. Bergin believes AI and machine learning will be able to support a dynamic and expanding community of practice for design knowledge. He can also foresee implications of this in the democratization of design work, suggesting the expertise embodied by a professional of 30 years may be more readily utilized by a more junior architect. Overall, he believes architectural practice over the next 20 years will likely become far more inclusive with respect to client and occupant needs and orders of magnitude more efficient when considering environmental impact, energy use, material selection and client satisfaction.

On the other hand, Pete Baxter suggestsarchitects have little to fear from artificial intelligence: "Yes, you can automate. But what does a design look like that's fully automated and fully rationalized by a computer program? Probably not the most exciting piece of architecture you've ever seen. At the time of writing, many AI algorithms are still relatively uniform and relatively ignorant of context, and it is proving difficult to automate decision-making that would at first glance seem simple for a human. A number of research labs, such theMIT Media Lab, are working to solve this. However, architectural language and diagramming have been part of programming complex systems and software from the start, and they have had a significant influence on one another. To think architecturally is to imagine and construct new worlds, integrate systems and organize information, which lends itself to the front line of technical development. As far back as the 1960s, architects were experimenting with computer interfaces to aid their design work, and their thinking has inspired much of the technology we now engage with each day.

Behnaz Farahi Aurora

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The Architecture of Artificial Intelligence | Features ...

Today Microsoft is releasing a new book, The Future Computed: Artificial Intelligence and its role in society. The two of us have written the foreword for the book, and our teams collaborated to write its contents. As the title suggests, the book provides our perspective on where AI technology is going and the new societal issues it has raised.

On a personal level, our work on the foreword provided an opportunity to step back and think about how much technology has changed our lives over the past two decades and to consider the changes that are likely to come over the next 20 years. In 1998, we both worked at Microsoft, but on opposite sides of the globe. While we lived on separate continents and in quite different cultures, we shared similar experiences and daily routines which were managed by manual planning and movement. Twenty years later, we take for granted the digital world that was once the stuff of science fiction.

Technology including mobile devices and cloud computing has fundamentally changed the way we consume news, plan our day, communicate, shop and interact with our family, friends and colleagues. Two decades from now, what will our world look like? At Microsoft, we imagine that artificial intelligence will help us do more with one of our most precious commodities: time. By 2038, personal digital assistants will be trained to anticipate our needs, help manage our schedule, prepare us for meetings, assist as we plan our social lives, reply to and route communications, and drive cars.

Beyond our personal lives, AI will enable breakthrough advances in areas like healthcare, agriculture, education and transportation. Its already happening in impressive ways.

But as weve witnessed over the past 20 years, new technology also inevitably raises complex questions and broad societal concerns. As we look to a future powered by a partnership between computers and humans, its important that we address these challenges head on.

How do we ensure that AI is designed and used responsibly? How do we establish ethical principles to protect people? How should we govern its use? And how will AI impact employment and jobs?

To answer these tough questions, technologists will need to work closely with government, academia, business, civil society and other stakeholders. At Microsoft, weve identified six ethical principles fairness, reliability and safety, privacy and security, inclusivity, transparency, and accountability to guide the cross-disciplinary development and use of artificial intelligence. The better we understand these or similar issues and the more technology developers and users can share best practices to address them the better served the world will be as we contemplate societal rules to govern AI.

We must also pay attention to AIs impact on workers. What jobs will AI eliminate? What jobs will it create? If there has been one constant over 250 years of technological change, it has been the ongoing impact of technology on jobs the creation of new jobs, the elimination of existing jobs and the evolution of job tasks and content. This too is certain to continue.

Some key conclusions are emerging.

First, the companies and countries that will fare best in the AI era will be those that embrace these changes rapidly and effectively. This is because new jobs and economic growth will come to those that embrace the technology, not those that resist or delay adopting it.

Second, while we believe that AI will help solve big societal problems, we must look to this future with a critical eye. There will be challenges as well as opportunities. We must address the need for strong ethical principles, the evolution of laws, training for new skills and even labor market reforms. This must all come together if were going to make the most of AI.

Third, we need to act with a sense of shared responsibility because AI wont be created by the tech sector alone. At Microsoft were working to democratize AI in a manner thats similar to how we made the PC available to everyone. This means were creating tools to make it easy for every developer, business and government to build AI-based solutions and accelerate the benefit to society.

All of this leads us to what may be one of the most important conclusions of all. Skilling-up for an AI-powered world involves more than science, technology, engineering and math. As computers behave more like humans, the social sciences and humanities will become even more important. Languages, art, history, economics, ethics, philosophy, psychology and human development courses can teach critical, philosophical and ethics-based skills that will be instrumental in the development and management of AI solutions. If AI is to reach its potential in serving humans, then every engineer will need to learn more about the liberal arts and every liberal arts major will need to learn more about engineering.

While we dont have a crystal ball that shows us the future, we do know that were all going to need to spend more time listening to and learning from each other. We hope that The Future Computed can contribute to this conversation.

The Future Computed is available here and additional content related to the book can be found here.

Tags: Access, AI, inclusivity, Privacy, Security

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The Future Computed: Artificial Intelligence and its role ...

(TNS) Researchers at the University of Michigan have been exploring the need to set ethics standards and policies when it comes to the use of artificial intelligence, and they now have their own place to do so.

The university has created a new Center of Ethics, Society and Computing (ESC) that will focus on AI, data usage, augmented and virtual reality, privacy, open data and identity.

According to thecenters website, the name and abbreviation alludes to the ESC key on a computer keyboard, which was added to interrupt a program when it produced unwanted results.

In the same way, the Center for Ethics, Society and Computing (ESC pronounced escape) is dedicated to intervening when digital media and computing technologies reproduce inequality, exclusion, corruption, deception, racism or sexism, the centers mission statement reads.

The center will bring together scholars who are committed to feminist, justice-focused, inclusive and interdisciplinary approaches to computing, the university said in a news release.

Associate Director Silvia Lindtner said the center has been in a soft launch phase since March 2019. The idea for ESC was born out of making a critical engagement with the politics and ethics of computing a central aspect of technology research and design, she said.

We established ESC to build on and give legitimacy to the long-term scholarship and activism in technology, engineering and design, and to create an interdisciplinary space to explore and apply critical, justice-oriented and feminist approaches to computing and technology research, Lindtner said.

Director Christian Sandvig said the center is hosting a visiting artist working on robotics this term, and that the center includes faculty from computer science, architecture, music and business schools.

We are fairly unique because we are aggressively pursuing research approaches and topics beyond what people normally think about as computing, Sandvig said.

Lindtner said the universitys public nature allows the center to engage deeply with the broader public, policy experts and actors in the social justice movement.

This is a topic that used to be on the fringes, but more recently has gotten broader attention as we have experienced many unintended consequences of technology, Lindtner said.

Some of the concerns the center will be tackling include gender and racial stereotyping in AI and data-based algorithms, as well as an overall lack of accountability and digital justice.

Sandvig said a lot of companies are now rushing to nominal ethics conversations as a solution to the negative perceptions of their products, but ESC is not interested in ethics-washing.

Were looking ahead to difficult debates about the future path we are steering with technology in society, Sandvig said. We need to make it normal that there is an extensive program of research about this topic ethics, justice, technology, people and the future and it must be central to the enterprise of developing technology and training students.

The center is sponsored by the School of Information; the Center for Political Studies at the Institute for Social Research, and the Department of Communication Studies in the College of Literature, Sciences and the Arts at UM.

2020 MLive.com, Walker, Mich..Distributed byTribune Content Agency, LLC.

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University to Help Society Wrap Their Minds Around Artificial Intelligence - Governing

The Pentagon launched its Joint Artificial Intelligence Center in 2018 to strategically unify and accelerate AI applications across the nations defense and military enterprise. Insiders at the center have now spent about nine months executing that defense driven AI-support.

At an ACT-IAC forum in Washington Wednesday, Rachael Martin, the JAICs mission chief of Intelligent Business Automation Augmentation and Analytics, highlighted insiders early approach to automation and innovation.

Our mission is to transform the [Defense] business process through AI technologies, to improve efficiency and accuracybut really to do all those things so that we can improve our overall warfighter support, Martin said.

Within her specific mission area, Martin and the team explore and develop automated applications that support a range of efforts across the Pentagon, such as business administration, human capital management, acquisitions, finance and budget training, and beyond. Because the enterprise is vast, the center is selective in determining the projects and programs best fit to be taken under its wing.

For the JAIC, there are a couple of key principles that we want to go by, or that we're going to adhere to when we're looking at a project and whether we support it, Martin explained.

The first principle to be evaluated is mission impact. In this review, insiders pose questions like who cares? she said. They assess the user-base that would most benefit from the project and what the ultimate outcome would be across Defense if the JAIC opted to support it. Next, according to Martin, officials review data-readiness. In this light, insiders address factors like where the data to be used is storedand whether its actually prepped for AI, or more advanced analysis and modeling to run on top of it.

The third factor thats assessed is technology maturity. Martin said that contrary to what many seem to think, the JAIC is not a research organization but instead seeks to apply and accelerate their adoption of already-existing solutions across the department and where those improvements are needed most. Insiders are therefore not at all interested in spending heaps of time researching new, emerging AI and automation applications. Instead, they aim to identify what already exists and is ready to be deployed at this moment.

So that's a big one for us that we like to emphasize, Martin said.

The final assessment is whether the JAIC can identify Defense insiders who will actually use whatever they are set to build. When developing something new, Martin said insiders want to those itll eventually touch to weigh in on the development every step of the way.

We're not in the business of coming up with good ideas and then creating something and trying to hoist it on somebody else, Martin said. We really believe in a very user-centric approach.

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How the Pentagon's JAIC Picks Its Artificial Intelligence-Driven Projects - Nextgov

ORLANDO -- Though golf has a tendency to move slower than most industries, the technology innovations we've seen this week beg to differ. Artificial intelligence and robotics have been terms perhaps thrown around in the past, implemented by only the biggest companies, but now we're actually seeing the results of intense research and development. And that's especially true in the golf instruction realm, where lessons can have so much added value with the right set of data and smart products.

There were too many items to say this is a definitive list. But this is at least what caught our eye at the 2020 PGA Merchandise Show in the ever-expanding tech/instruction space.

1 . Hack Motion wrist sensor. Teachers (and students) want the ability to capture swing data and analyze it immediately. The biofeedback from Hack Motion, a wrist-motion training system, is synced to your tablet or smartphone (or computer). It tracks your wrist movement in real time, measuring wrist flexion, extension and rotation via a device you wear like a watch, in addition to a Velcroed strap you wear around your forefingers. After a quick minute calibration, the system captures any swing you make and delivers the data to the app, where you can study it. There's also access to tour-player data the company has captured over the past two-plus years. A Latvian-based company, CEO Atis Hermanas says the company has sold units to more than 40 countries over the past two years. It had leading coaches David Orr, James Leitz, Brian Manzella and others speaking to the benefits of the technology at the PGA Show. With audio feedback and seven hours of battery life, there's a lot to like about Hack Motion.

2 . TrackMan's new A.I. technology (Tracy). TrackMan's continued iterations on its existing technology will be fun to follow. It will continue to innovate on its launch-monitor technology to expand its offerings, including its simulator business. Perhaps most impressive is its new Tracy technology, which TrackMan unveiled at the PGA Show, with a soft June 1 launch. Tracy, adapted from tracer, is a mode you can turn on and off, which will recommend what you should work on based on a minimum of six shots on a TrackMan device. It will audibly communicate with you (if you want it to), with voice commands that ask game-analysis questions, and it will make recommendations based on the (estimated) 500-million-plus shots the company has collected around the world. As the company says, it pinpoints what you need to work, not how to work on itencouraging you to seek the advice of an instructor.

3 . V1 + BodyTrak partnership. Applying ground force in the golf swing with proper sequencing is one of the hot instruction applications these days, as we continue to study how tour pros apply such force to their tee shots. A partnership between BodiTrak, which measures vertical force and velocity through a portable pressure matand V1 Sports, one of the first to penetrate the instruction/app spacehopes to deliver a complete way to capture data and study the kinematic sequencing. The package goes for $3,500.

RELATED: PGA Show 2020: Five affordable new launch monitors geared for the everyman

4 . K-Motion's Smart Tiles. You've likely seen or heard about K-Motion's K-Vest motion-capture technology, which allows 3-D swing data to be captured and analyzed. With the system's new Smart Tiles, debuting at the PGA Show, a player's wrist and body movements are immediately captured and stored in the system's cloud-based improvement panel, allowing your teacher to provide feedback immediately. Color-coded cues also make it easy to understand which area of your swing you need the most help, along with auditory feedback to specify the positions you need to get into. (K-Player, the individual, consumer version of the technology goes for $2,495. And K-Coach, which includes the Smart Tiles, is $5,495.)

RELATED: Our best golf instruction: Jack Nicklaus' best tips

5. Dragonfly. A new player in this space, Guided Knowledgea British based companyhas introduced a smart suit with 18 sensors that a golfer can wear underneath their golf clothes and take it on the course. 3-D data is captured in real time as you play your round, and it's viewable via a remote coaching app with hundreds of performance metrics. Instead of being tied to the range or a pro's teaching facility, you can play your round and have sensors, from head to toe, measure your movements for improvement. "Players no longer have to be in a lab or a teacher's facility," says Jon Dalzell, chief science officer of Guided Knowledge. "What used to be an appointment is now available anywhere, anytime."

RELATED: You can now rent (or own) your own robotic putting simulator unit (if you have the money)

6 . Uneekor Eye XO launch monitor. The incredible explosion of simulators and launch monitors within golf has been fun to follow. The new Eye XO from Uneekor is a little different. It's an overhead launch monitor with non-marking ball technology, which will work outsidea convenience for some. With two cameras, down the line and face-on capturing 200 frames per second, in addition to a stereographic lens overhead, the system is able to provide a very crisp, sharp video of the golfer making contact with the ball, with video from each angle showing the ball traveling off the face, without any pixelation. Doug Bybee, with experience over 25 years within the industry as a fitter with Mizuno and Cobra among others, says he whiteboarded the concept for the company's new product just two days before his team in South Korea developed a software and cloud solution. He unveiled the prototype at the PGA Show, with the product marked for a June 1 launch ($10-12,000 for the complete program, or $1,250 for the pair of straight cameras.

RELATED: A GPS and a speaker all in one: Bushnell unveiled its innovative product this week

7 . U.S. Kids teaching app. One of the leaders in youth golf, U.S. Kids unveiled a new app this week that will allow instructors to organize and track kids' progress to deliver feedback to the player and coach. The digital Player Pathway scoreboard includes color-coded levels for each player, too, for easier sorting and tracking. Just like the other items above, it's making life easier on the teacher, so they can be more efficient with their time, and help more players ... a win for all.

RELATED: Golf instruction truths: The one move you need to make better iron contact

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7 new ways golf instruction is embracing artificial intelligence and innovative technology - Golf Digest

"has led to the country's complex relationship with machines."

Oh, yes! That would be the relationship where these 'complex machines' tell people what to coz they'd be lost without them. They seem to actually believe Japan is the only country embracing AI. I can tell you for a fact Japan lags behind many countries in "The West" for its use of machines and AI. You only have to go to a city hall and watch all the ditherers running around looking for a piece of paper to get four or five red stamps on it to know Japan has not embraced or utilised a complex relationship with machines and AI.

Why is it always "The West"? I cannot think of a more derogatory or racist statement. I'm sure that Japanese wouldn't appreciate being represented as just Asians. Do they not understand that "the west" refers to Europe only and the term goes back 300 years? The US is east from Tokyo and Aus/NZ are south.

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While the West tends to see robots and artificial intelligence as a threat, Japan has a more philosophical view that has led to the country's complex...

PUNE, India, Jan. 23, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The global artificial intelligent (AI) in retail market size is estimated to reach USD 23,426.3 million by 2026, exhibiting a CAGR of 33.7% during the forecast period. The ongoing shift by retailers from traditional retail experience to AI-driven business solutions is one of the crucial factors enabling the growth of the AI in retail market. According to an article published by Forbes, 83% believe AI is a strategic priority for their businesses today and 84% of respondents say AI will enable them to obtain or sustain a competitive advantage. The growing awareness about the advantages of AI in retail operations such as quality improvement, paced up decision making, strong operational agility and enhanced customer experience will boost the AI in retail market growth in the forthcoming years. In addition, exceptional benefits of AI-powered data analytics will further spur demand for AI in retail market in the foreseeable future.

According to the report, published by Fortune Business Insights in a report, titled "Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Retail MarketSize, Share & Industry Analysis, By Offering (Solutions, Services), By Function (Operations-Focused, Customer-Facing), By Technology (Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2019-2026" the AI in retail market size was valued at USD 2,306.8 million in 2018. The report is aimed at delivering a comprehensive view of the AI in retail market dynamics, structure by identifying and providing information regarding the key market segments. It also focuses on an all-encompassing analysis of leading market players by financial position, product, product portfolio, price, growth strategies, and regional presence. It offers porter's analysis and SWOT analysis to record the question of shareholders and highlights the investment potential in the upcoming future. It also showcases different procedures and strategies of companies currently operating in the market. It further examines the components convincing market expansion, growth patterns, restricting factors and market strategies.

To gain more insights into the market with detailed table of content and figures, click here: https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-retail-market-101968

Disposition to AI-powered Chat Bots by Retailers Will Encourage Market Expansion

The growing inclination of retail brands for the deployment of AI-powered chatbots for customer engagement will augment healthy growth of the market in the forthcoming years. Retail brands are able to handle several queries simultaneously with the help of chatbots, without the need to employ a large workforce. The positive impact of artificial intelligence on customer relations and sales will spur demand for AI in retail. Furthermore, close-ended chatbots are configured to answer shopping-related questions, provide quick support and suggestions besides offering a better resolution to their problem. Customers are more likely to engage with AI-powered chatbots, which, in turns enhances customer loyalty. These factors combined will accelerate the AI in retail market share in the foreseeable future.

Emergence of Virtual Trial Rooms to Bolster Healthy Growth

The increasing popularity of virtual trial rooms and ongoing development across retail supply chains will aid the AI in retail market trend during the forecast period. For instance, virtual trial rooms enable buyers to try different dresses without actually having to wear them with the help of digital mirrors. Further, AI allows shoppers to experiment with their outfit by means of a touch-based interface. In addition, the launch of virtual rooms by major companies to create growth opportunities for the market. For instance, Fitiquette, a fashion Web site uses a ground-breaking technology that allows customers to try on outfits in a virtual 3D world based on the user's exact body dimensions. The trial room gives a 360-degree view of the fit and drape of a garment on the actual body dimensions of the consumer.

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Introduction of AI Integrated Products and Solutions to Foster Growth in Asia Pacific

North America was valued at USD 1,102.0 million and is expected to remain dominant during the forecast period. The rising deployment of AI-based solutions by retailers to improve the supply chain operations and product portfolio will contribute positively to the AI in retail market revenue. Asia Pacific is expected to grow rapidly during the forecast period owing to the launch of various AI integrated products and solutions. For instance, China is expected to be a world-leading AI center by 2030.

List of the Major Companies in the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Retail Market include:

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Table of Content:

o Definition, By Segment

o Research Approach

o Sources

o Drivers, Restraints and Opportunities

o Emerging Trends

o Macro and Micro Economic Indicators

o Consolidated SWOT Analysis of Key Players

o Porter's Five Forces Analysis

o Key Findings / Summary

o Market Size Estimates and Forecasts

Continued..!!!

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Retail Market to Reach USD 23,426.3 Million by 2026; Rising Awareness About the Advantages of AI in Retail Operations...

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Abel Mocln, an archaeologist at the Centro Nacional de Investigacin sobre la Evolucin Humana (CENIEH), has led a study which combines Archaeology and Artificial Intelligence, published in the journalArchaeological and Anthropological Sciences, about the Navalmallo Rock Shelter site, situated in the locality of Pinilla de Valle in Madrid, which shows the activity by Neanderthal groups of breaking the bones of medium-sized animals such as deer, for subsequent consumption of the marrow within.

The particular feature of the study lies in its tremendous statistical potential. For the first time, Artificial Intelligence has been used to determine the agent responsible for breaking the bones at an archaeological site, with highly reliable results, which it will be possible to compare with other sites and experiments in the future.

Credit: CENIEH

We have managed to show that statistical tools based on Artificial Intelligence can be applied to studying the breaking of the fossil remains of animals which appear at sites, states Mocln.

In the work, it is not just this activity carried out by the Neanderthals which is emphasized, but also aspects of the methodology developed by the authors of the study. On this point, Mocln insists on the importance of Artificial Intelligence as this is undoubtedly the perfect line of work for the immediate future of Archaeology in general and Taphonomy in particular.

The largest Neanderthal settlement

The Navalmallo Rock Shelter, about 76,000 years old, offers one of the few large windows into Neanderthal behavior within the Iberian Meseta. With its area of over 300 m2, it may well be the largest Neanderthal camp known in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, and it has been possible to reveal different activities conducted by these hominins here, such as hunting large animals, the manufacture of stone tools and the systematic use of fire.

In this study, part of the Valle de los Neandertales project, which includes other locations in the archaeological site complex of Calvero de la Higuera, the collaborating researchers were Rosa Huguet, of the IPHES in Tarragona, Beln Mrquez and Csar Laplana, of the Museo Arqueolgico Regional in Madrid, as well as the three codirectors of the Pinilla del Valle project: Juan Luis Arsuaga, Enrique Baquedano and Alfredo Prez Gonzlez.

CENIEH

Header Image Abrigode Navalmallo Credit: CENIEH

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Artificial intelligence to study the behavior of Neanderthals - HeritageDaily

The Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport visited the University today to hear how researchers are being trained to deploy artificial intelligence (AI) in the fight against cancer.

Baroness Nicky Morgan met PhD researchers involved increating the next generation of intelligent technology that will revolutionisehealthcare.

The University is one of 16 centres for doctoral training inAI funded by UKResearch and Innovation, the Government agency responsible forfostering research and development.

The focus of the doctoral training at Leedsis to develop researchers who can apply AIto medical diagnosisand care.

Scientists believe intelligent systems and data analyticswill result in quicker and more accurate diagnosis. Early detection is at theheart of the NHS planto transform cancer survival rates by 2028.

Baroness Morgan said: "Weare committed to being a world leader in artificial intelligence technology andthrough our investment in 16new Centres for Doctoral Training we arehelping train the next generation of researchers.

"It was inspirational to meet some of the leading experts from medicineand computer science working in the new centre at Leeds Universitytoday.They are doing fantastic work to diagnose cancer quicker whichcould save millions of lives."

Baroness Morgan spent time talking to the PhD researchers.

Professor Lisa Roberts, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Innovation with Baroness Nicky Morgan

Anna Linton is a neuroscientist accepted onto the firstcohort of the programme, which started in the autumn.

She said: The healthcare system can generate a vastquantity of information but sometimes it is assessed in isolation.

I am interested in researching AI systems that can analysemedical notes, the results of pathology tests and scans and identify patternsin that disparate information and make order of it, to give a unified pictureof a patients health status.

That information will help the GP or other healthcareprofessional make a more precise diagnosis.

Dr Emily Clarke is a hospital doctor specialising inhistopathology, the changes in tissue caused by disease. She is an associatemember of the doctoral training programme on a research scholarship from the Medical Research Council.

She wants to develop an AI system to improve the diagnosisof melanoma, a type of skin cancer whose incidence, according to CancerResearch UK, has more than doubled since the early 1990s. It has thefastest rising incidence of any cancer.

Melanoma is detected from the visual examination by ahistopathologist of tissue samples taken during a biopsy. But up to one in sixcases is initially misdiagnosed.

Dr Clarke said: I am hoping we can develop an automatedsystem that can help histopathologists identify melanoma. Diagnosing melanomacan be notoriously difficult so it is hoped that in the future AI may helpbuild a knowledge base of the types of cell changes that are suggestive ofmelanoma and provide a more accurate prediction of a patients prognosis."

Dr Emily Clarke discussing her research project

About 10 researchers will be recruited onto the training programmeeach year. When it is fully up and running, there will be 50 people studyingfor a PhD.

We cant be complacent. We need to ensure there are enough talented and creative people with the skills and knowledge to harness and develop this powerful technology.

Professor Lisa Roberts, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Researchand Innovation, said: The research at Leeds will ensure the UK remains at theforefront of an important emerging technology that will shape healthcare forfuture generations.

There is little doubt that our researchers will becontribute to future academic and industrial breakthroughs in the field of AI,enabling industry in the UK to remain at the heart of innovation in AI.

David Hogg, Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Director of the Leeds Centre forDoctoral Training, said: The UK is a world leader in AI.

But we cant be complacent. We need to ensure there areenough talented and creative people with the skills and knowledge to harnessand develop this powerful technology.

The PhD researchers will be supervised by leading expertsin computer science and medicine from the University and Leeds TeachingHospitals NHS Trust. To harness thetechnology requires researchers with a strong understanding of medicine,biology and computing and we aim to give that to them.

The researchers joining the Leeds training programme come from a range ofbackgrounds: some are computer scientists and others are biologists orhealthcare professionals but all are able to think computationally and are able to express problems and solutions in a form that can be executed by a computer.

The programme is hosted bythe Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), establishedwithUniversityinvestmenttosupport innovation in medical bioinformatics, funded by the MedicalResearch Council, andConsumer Data, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.

LIDA has now grown to support aportfolio in excess of 45 million of research across the University, bringingtogether over 150 researchers and data scientists. It supports the Universityspartnership withthe Alan Turing Institute, the UKs national institute for data scienceand artificial intelligence.

The University has a strong track record in applyingdigital technologies to healthcare. In partnership with Leeds TeachingHospitals NHS Trust, it is bringing together nine hospitals, seven universitiesand medical technology companies to create a digital pathology network whichwill allow medical staff to collaborate remotely and to conduct AI research. This is known as the Northern Pathology Imaging Co-operative.

Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust is a leader in usingdigital pathology for cancer diagnosis.

Main photo shows some of the PhD researchers with - front, from left - Professor David Hogg, Director of the Leeds Centre for Doctoral Training, Baroness Nicky Morgan, Secretary of State for Digital, Media, Culture and Sport, and Professor Lisa Roberts, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Innovation.

Originally posted here:
Using artificial intelligence to speed up cancer detection - University of Leeds

Learning by doing is a great thing unless its costing you money, then it may not seem worth it. In the business world when new technologies come around it may be tempting to take a wait and see approach to them, watching your competitors successes and failures before taking the time to implement new technologies. Unfortunately when it comes to artificial intelligence (AI), the potential payoff is too big to ignore, and waiting to see how your competitors do implementing this technology could leave your business in the dust.

Taking the right steps toward implementing AI is crucial. Some companies know that they need to hire a data scientist but they dont know what they expect the person to do and they will try to hire someone with no framework or plan in place.

The first step toward integrating artificial intelligence into your business strategy is to take it seriously and make a plan for how it will work. Start with an end goal in mind and work your way back from there. Next, figure out exactly what AI application will help you achieve that goal. With that in mind, start a pilot program with a targeted goal, keeping in mind that it could take a year or more to see any results from such a program.

While going through the growing pains of implementing an enterprise-wide system of AI, it may seem as though this technology is a huge waste of time and money. Learning by doing is a valuable way to understand the ins and outs of any new technology, and even if your companys experiment fails you can still gain valuable insights from failures. These insights can help you find a better focus for your next artificial intelligence experiment.

Currently, fewer than a third of AI pilots progress past the exploratory state to be fully implemented. This does not mean failure, though, it simply means the hypothesis needs to be adjusted before the experiment is altered and started again from the beginning. As with any new technology, there are going to be growing pains and opportunities to learn more.

This can translate to many different outcomes. AI algorithms can be used to reduce waste and improve quality by removing unnecessary variables. It can help meet rising demand and cut variable costs through analysis. It can make adjustments and predict when the market will shift. Some examples from real businesses:

Today, more than 60% of business leaders urgently need to find and implement a strategy for using artificial intelligence in their businesses, but less than half of those actually have a plan. Learn more about implementing AI in your business below.

Read more:
Implementing Artificial Intelligence In Your Business (infographic) - Digital Information World