As one observer noted, the January 6 protesters seemed a motley crew: country club Republicans, well-dressed social conservatives, and white Evangelicals in Jesus capsshoulder to shoulder with QAnon cultists, Second Amendment cosplay commandos, and doughy, hardcore white nationalists. One group erected a giant cross, another a wooden gallows. Someone waved a Jesus Saves banner, while another sported a Camp Auschwitz hoodie.
But the closer you look, the murkier things become. Christians waved Trump flags. The Proud Boys kneeled and prayed. One man, decked out as a cosplay crusader, clutched a large leather Bible to his chest with skeleton gloves. What looked like apples and oranges turned out to be a fruit cocktail: white Christian nationalism.
White Christian nationalism (WCN) is, first of all, a story about America. It says: America was founded as a Christian nation, by (white) Christians; and its laws and institutions are based on Biblical (that is, Protestant) Christianity. This much is certain, though: America is divinely favored. Whence its enormous wealth and power. In exchange for these blessings, America has been given a mission: to spread religion, freedom, and civilizationby force, if necessary. But that mission is endangered by the growing presence of non-whites, non-Christians, and non-Americans on American soil. White Christians must therefore take back the country, their country.
WCN is not just a story. It is also a political vision. Violence and racial purity are central to that vision. As Samuel Perry and Andrew Whitehead have shown, white Christian nationalists tend to favor a strong military and capital punishment and oppose gun control. WCN is thus strongly correlated with opposition to interracial marriage, non-white immigration, and affirmative action.
To understand how American Christianity became so entangled with racism and violence, we first have to trace it back to its scriptural roots. Those roots are dual. It turns out that WCN is not just one story, but two. The first is a promised land story. The New England Puritans saw themselves as the heirs of the biblical Israelites. They imagined themselves as a chosen people, and they came to see the new world as their promised land. And as their relationship with the natives shifted from curiosity to hostility, they began to see the Indians as Canaanites, who had to be conquered.
The second story is an end times story. Most Christian theologians read Revelation in allegorical terms, as a depiction of the moral struggles within the believers heart. But some interpreted the text more literally, as a description of bloody struggles to come. That is how many Puritan radicals read it, and they exported those ideas to New England.
The two stories gradually fused together during the Puritans wars with the Indians. Cotton Mather came to believe that the New World would be the central battlefield in the final struggle between good and evil. He placed himself and his brethren on the side of the good, and the Catholic French and their native allies on the side of evil. He likened the Indians to demons and viewed the killing of Indians as a blood sacrifice to an angry God. It was war that welded Protestantism and Englishness together in the New World.
But how did Protestantism and Englishness get entangled with whiteness? To answer that question, we need to shift our focus to Virginia. There, and elsewhere, the most common justification for the enslavement of kidnapped Indians and Africans was that they were heathens. But this argument broke down in the late-seventeenth century as some enslaved persons converted to Christianity and some white Christians sought to evangelize them. The problem was initially resolved by shifting the legal basis of slavery from religion to color: Blacks could be slaves; whites could not. It was then more fully resolved by creating a new theological basis for slavery. Perhaps the most influential was the Curse of Ham. Blacks were the descendants of Noahs son, Ham, the argument went, and their color and enslavement were a result of the curse that Noah had called down on head.
It would be another century before WCN became American. Until the American Revolution, most colonists still considered themselves English. It was only after the Revolution that they began to think of themselves as American. Until that time, the term Americans was more often used to refer to the native peoples. So, one way that (white) Americans set themselves apart from their British cousins was by claiming to resemble (native) Americans. The American (man) was a little more savage, a little more violent than his English forebears. He was, in a sense, the true heir of the Indian who was (supposedly) disappearing, and the true inhabitant of the frontier. The white American had a trace of the red American in him.
WCN is what linguist George Lakoff calls a frame. A frame is like a bare-bones movie script. It has roles (like a cast of characters), relations between the roles, and scenarios carried out by those playing the roles. Like a movie, it can be made and remade, with new actors and modified scenarios. The frontiersman becomes an Indian fighter and then a cowboy. The scene shifts from Appalachia to Kentucky to Wyoming.
Trumpism is, among other things, the latest version of the WCN frame. Echoing the promised land story, Trump says he will take back the country from the outsiders and invaders who have taken controlimmigrants and secularists, Muslims and Mexicansand then restore it to its rightful owners: real (that is, white, Christian) Americans. Echoing the end times story, Trump paints the world in terms of us and them, good and evil, and hints at violent struggles to come. The first such struggle took place on January 6, 2021. It will not, I fear, be the last.
Editors Note: This piece is adapted from an essay originally published by ABC Religion & Ethics on January 13, 2021. It is republished here with permission.
See the original post:
White Christian Nationalism: The Deep Story Behind the Capitol Insurrection
- Opinion: Why we don't need to meet in the middle but we can't allow political polarization to fester unchecked - Times Record News [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2021] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2021]
- Two Books on the Bizarreness of Texas - The New York Times [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2021] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2021]
- Rev. William Barber Calls For Restructuring U.S. Policies To Root Out Racism, Poverty - Here And Now [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2021] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2021]
- The Impact of an All NOVA Democratic Ticket This Fall - WVTF [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2021] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2021]
- A Hindu foundation has filed a complaint against University of Pennsylvania, saying an online conference perpetuated stereotypes - The Philadelphia... [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2021] [Originally Added On: October 20th, 2021]
- Why Hungary is infected by ultras who are almost impossible to control - The Guardian [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2021] [Originally Added On: October 20th, 2021]
- Explainer: White Nationalism | Facing History and Ourselves [Last Updated On: October 20th, 2021] [Originally Added On: October 20th, 2021]
- No one seems to like the Lincoln Project anymore - Politico [Last Updated On: November 29th, 2021] [Originally Added On: November 29th, 2021]
- White Nationalism Has Taken Many Forms [Last Updated On: December 4th, 2021] [Originally Added On: December 4th, 2021]
- Pan-Africanism is the panacea to the Wests systemic racism - Al Jazeera English [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2022]
- Elites From Russia, Europe, and the United States Are Still Getting Nationalism Wrong - Foreign Policy [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2022]
- How the most Powerful Israel Lobby started Preferring anti ... [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2022]
- Ndabaningi Sithole: Zimbabwe's forgotten intellectual and leader - The Conversation Indonesia [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Baseball, barbecue and losing freedom this Fourth of July - ESPN [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- In May, a Month of Mass Shootings, One After Another - The New York Times [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- The Soviet Union never really solved Russian nationalism - Aeon [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Guerrero: Im officially reclaiming the U.S. flag from the fascists - Los Angeles Times [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- White supremacy poses increasing threats in the U.S.: We are dealing with a massive movement. - WBUR News [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Buffalo gunman's racism appears linked to mainstreaming of white ... [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- In the Fight Against White Nationalism, White People Are Key - American ... [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Jemar Tisby: White Christian nationalism fueled Jan. 6 attack [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- The Facts on White Nationalism - FactCheck.org [Last Updated On: July 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: July 8th, 2022]
- Fueled by virtually unrestricted social media access, white nationalism is on the rise and attracting violent young white men - The Conversation... [Last Updated On: August 5th, 2022] [Originally Added On: August 5th, 2022]
- Race Reductionism Threatens to Doom the Left - CounterPunch [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Transcript: Jared Holt and Karen Kornbluh on "Face the Nation," Sept. 4, 2022 - CBS News [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Guest Commentary: MAGA Abortion Banners and Election Deniers - The Peoples Vanguard of Davis [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Socialism, Nationalism, and Tolkien - by Alec Dent - The Dispatch [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Celebrated Author And Anthropologist Rich Benjamin To Speak At Raue Center - Broadway World [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- We're not as divided as we think - Oneonta Daily Star [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Tucker Carlson's job ads claim he values diversity, but that's not what he tells his viewers - Daily Kos [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Former Trump adviser Michael Flynn at the center of new movement based on conspiracies and Christian nationalism - PBS NewsHour [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Finding Our Place in the Inland Northwest documentary and discussion begins Sept. 8 - spokanefavs.com [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- The Rings of Power is suffering a racist backlash for casting actors of colour but Tolkien's work has always attracted white supremacists - The... [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- Soldier Who Said He Wanted Combat Experience to Kill Black People Booted After FBI Probe - Yahoo News [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- An associate of white nationalist Nick Fuentes claims he interviewed to work on Tucker Carlson's team - Media Matters for America [Last Updated On: September 8th, 2022] [Originally Added On: September 8th, 2022]
- White Nationalism Is Mainstreaming Conspiracy Theories [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 19th, 2022]
- Real Viking History and the Imagined White Supremacist Past - Time [Last Updated On: October 19th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 19th, 2022]
- Christian Nationalism Is Biblical And America-First, But Not White [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2022]
- White Christian Nationalism and the Mid-Term Elections, Hosted by the ... [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2022]
- What Does White Christian Nationalism Even Mean, Anyway? [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2022]
- Jews, White Supremacism, and White Nationalism | National Vanguard [Last Updated On: October 27th, 2022] [Originally Added On: October 27th, 2022]
- AOC: Vast Majority of Domestic Terror Comes From White Nationalism ... [Last Updated On: November 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- Black nationalism - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: November 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- White Nationalist | Southern Poverty Law Center [Last Updated On: November 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- Christian nationalism - Wikipedia [Last Updated On: November 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- White Christian Nationalists: Who Are They? What Do They Want? Why ... [Last Updated On: November 28th, 2022] [Originally Added On: November 28th, 2022]
- What is white nationalism? Take a look at Trumps agenda. - Vox [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2022] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2022]
- Charlottesville: 'Unite the Right' Rally, State of Emergency - TIME.com [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2022] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2022]
- White nationalism a threat the Canadian Armed Forces arent equipped ... [Last Updated On: December 30th, 2022] [Originally Added On: December 30th, 2022]
- Tree of Life trial starts as Pittsburgh synagogue congregations find ... - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Government-sponsored review finds religion a force for good in the UK - Church Times [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- The World According to Tucker Carlson - The New Yorker [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Fox finally boots Tucker Carlson - IrishCentral [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and ... - The White House [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Severe immigration policies intensify as Title 42 nears its end - Source New Mexico [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Soldier with white nationalist ties pleads guilty to gun charges - ArmyTimes.com [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Fox News Could Be Just as Racist Without Tucker Carlson - New York Magazine [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Tucker Carlson Should've Been Fired Years Ago - New York Magazine [Last Updated On: April 28th, 2023] [Originally Added On: April 28th, 2023]
- Idaho White Nationalism: Inside a New Class of Republican Power - The Daily Dot [Last Updated On: January 16th, 2024] [Originally Added On: January 16th, 2024]