Pharmacogenomics is often referred to as a "revolution" or "the great new wave" in medicine - a future filled with promise not just for better, safer, and ore affordable healthcare (i.e. affordable for both consumers and third-party payers) but also, according to some, greater economic returns for drug makers. While there are in fact a handful of drugs on the market with genotype-based prescribing requirements, such as Herceptin, this next great wave has been slow to arrive. Insight Pharma Reports, Pharmacogenomics: Delivering on the promise, 2009

Guide to terms in these glossaries Site Map Related glossaries include Diagnostics Biomarkers Molecular diagnostics, genetic & genomic testing Clinical Cancer diagnostics, genomics, prognostics & therapeutics Drugs Drug safety & pharmacovigilance Drug targets Informatics: Drug discovery informatics Clinical & medical informatics Technologies Metabolic engineering & profiling Microarrays Sequencing Biology Expression, gene & proteinGenomicsSNPs & genetic variations

ADME: Abbreviation for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion. See also pharmacokinetics, drug disposition. [IUPAC Med Chem] Also referred to as ADME/ Tox ADME/ Toxicology or ADMET.

These key properties of pharmaceutical compounds are tested for as part of lead optimization activities.Related terms: DMPK, pharmacokinetics, predictive ADME, toxicogenomics.

chronopharmacokinetics: Pharmacokinetic parameters are generally assumed to be invariate with the time of day, although circadian variation of drug metabolism and drug response is known. As proposed, chronopharmacokinetics considers the implications of the chronovariability of pharmacokinetic parameters. In order to investigate chronovariation in the rate of disappearance of a substance from the approximate a linear course until very low blood levels are attained. ... It is concluded that: 1) rhythmicity within elimination curves can only be determined by repetition of the experiment at different times of the diel period; 2)the expectation that a rate-constant estimated at one time of the day may be valid for another part of the day carries with it an unknown risk. No pharmacokinetic analysis can be considered definitive unless chronopharmacokinetic variation of parameters is considered. FM Sturtevant, Chronopharmacokinetics of ethanol. I. Review of the literature and theoretical considerations, Chronobiologia 3(3): 237- 262, Jul-Sept 1976

chronopharmacology: The science dealing with the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms is called chronobiology. The branch dealing with the pharmacologic aspects of chronobiology is termed chronopharmacology, which may be subdivided into chronotherapy, chronopharmacokinetics and chronotoxicity. WA Ritschel, H Forusz, Chronopharmacology: a review of drugs studied, Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacology 16(1): 57- 75, Jan-Feb 1994 Related terms; Pharmacogenomics

clinical pharmacology: The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans. MeSH, 1980

Over the past decades, the scope of clinical pharmacology within the pharmaceutical industry has widened considerably. Key growth has been in the area of translational science and exploratory medicine, where clinical pharmacologists are nowadays the mediator between basic research and establishment of clinical usefulness. This role has led to and is supported by the rapid developments in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation, a strong focus on biomarkers for early informed decision-making, and the advent of pharmacogenomics into safety and efficacy predictions and evaluations. The ultimate goal - safer, more efficacious drug prescription - is shared with that of today's drive for more personalized medicine. This article reviews the evolution of clinical pharmacology within the industry, the regulatory, clinical and societal drivers for this evolution, and the analogy with the establishment of personalized medicine in clinical practice. Clinical pharmacology, biomarkers and personalized medicine: education please. Koning P, Keirns J. Biomark Med. 2009 Dec;3(6):685-700. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20477707

clinical pharmacometabolomics: The segregation of patient populations using small molecule biomarkers in clinical trials, adverse drug reaction, and drug efficacy evaluation. Phenomenome Discoveries http://www.phenomenome.com/ Broader term: pharmacometabolomics

computational pharmacology: Our ultimate goal is transforming the process of drug design through the use of advanced computational techniques, particularly machine learning and knowledge- based approaches applied to high throughput molecular biology data. We create novel algorithms for the analysis and interpretation of gene expression arrays, proteomics, metabonomics, and combinatorial chemistry. We also create tools for building, maintaining and applying knowledge- bases of molecular biology, and for knowledge- driven inference from multiple biological data types. Finally, we are developing and applying natural language processing techniques for information extraction from and management of the biomedical literature. The UCHSC Center for Computational Pharmacology, Univ. of Colorado Health Sciences Center, US http://compbio.ucdenver.edu/Hunter_lab/

See the article here:
Pharmaceutical pharmacogenomics glossary & taxonomy