NASA's New Horizons spacecraft recently began its long-awaited, historic encounter with Pluto. The spacecraft is entering the first of several approach phases that culminate July 14 with the first close-up flyby of the dwarf planet, 4.67 billion miles from Earth.

NASA first mission to distant Pluto will also be humankinds first close up view of this cold, unexplored world in our solar system, said Jim Green, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division at the agencys Headquarters in Washington. The New Horizons team worked very hard to prepare for this first phase, and they did it flawlessly.

The fastest spacecraft when it was launched, New Horizons lifted off in January 2006. It awoke from its final hibernation period last month after a voyage of more than 3 billion miles, and will soon pass close to Pluto, inside the orbits of its five known moons. In preparation for the close encounter, the missions science, engineering and spacecraft operations teams configured the piano-sized probe for distant observations of the Pluto system that start Sunday, Jan. 25 with a long-range photo shoot.

The images captured by New Horizons telescopic Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) will give mission scientists a continually improving look at the dynamics of Plutos moons. The images also will play a critical role in navigating the spacecraft as it covers the remaining 135 million miles (220 million kilometers) to Pluto.

Weve completed the longest journey any spacecraft has flown from Earth to reach its primary target, and we are ready to begin exploring, said Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

LORRI will take hundreds of pictures of Pluto over the next few months to refine current estimates of the distance between the spacecraft and the dwarf planet. Though the Pluto system will resemble little more than bright dots in the cameras view until May, mission navigators will use the data to design course-correction maneuvers to aim the spacecraft toward its target point this summer. The first such maneuver could occur as early as March.

We need to refine our knowledge of where Pluto will be when New Horizons flies past it, said Mark Holdridge, New Horizons encounter mission manager at Johns Hopkins Universitys Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. The flyby timing also has to be exact, because the computer commands that will orient the spacecraft and point the science instruments are based on precisely knowing the time we pass Pluto which these images will help us determine.

The optical navigation campaign that begins this month marks the first time pictures from New Horizons will be used to help pinpoint Plutos location.

Throughout the first approach phase, which runs until spring, New Horizons will conduct a significant amount of additional science. Spacecraft instruments will gather continuous data on the interplanetary environment where the planetary system orbits, including measurements of the high-energy particles streaming from the sun and dust-particle concentrations in the inner reaches of the Kuiper Belt. In addition to Pluto, this area, the unexplored outer region of the solar system, potentially includes thousands of similar icy, rocky small planets.

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NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Begins First Stages Of Pluto Encounter