As I travelled to nearby villages during the lockdown due to unavoidable work, I interacted with some of the migrant labour that had returned from big cities back to their homes in north Bihar. What struck me the most was their simplicity and their positive attitude towards life despite most already having pronounced doomsday in terms of the overall outlook, growth of the economy, job prospects etc. Kapil Mahto, 41-year-old labourer, who worked in Pune for 15 years in a ball and bearings factory, may not be able to put his acquired skills to good use in his village, yet he appeared willing to start all over again. My father, who is no more, was of the view that we should not depend on farming and he forced us to go to cities for a better livelihood. Though my father used to work hard but the uncertainty of the monsoon always kept him in debt. Now I will have to relearn the techniques of farming or poultry and depend on groundwater for crops. Rambhukhan Sahu, 49-year-old farmer from Sitamarhi said, We wont let our own people starve. When the cities are locked down, we are working hard to ensure that India overcomes this unforeseen crisis. We dont know much about GDP, but Bihar will definitely contribute to bringing back things on track.

The Nitish Kumar led government had been a forerunner in mapping the skills of returning migrant labourers. The state government has also been making announcements that job opportunities are being created for them. The government claims to have created 3.5 crore man-days through various government schemes, but these claims will run into rough weather when seen together with reports of nearly 17 lakh migrants returning to Bihar. The unemployed youth remains unsure about the governments claims, especially with assembly elections just a few months away. Rewind to 2005 when Nitish Kumar had just assumed power, he claimed that Bihari youth would not have to migrate for jobs. But in 2020, the situation doesnt seem to have changed much. Adding to the governments woes is a recent CMIE survey which has pegged the unemployment rate for April at 46.6%.

Even as the state government faces a daunting task of being able to provide employment, many migrants I met were willing to face the challenges ahead. A 37-year-old migrant labourer Dukhi Mandal from Keoti village of Darbhanga said, The wage per day is definitely low in my village compared to what I earned in Delhi per day, but here in my village at least I will survive for some more months without a job, because I dont need to pay rent and through PDS my family gets enough to eat. Maybe things get better next year because I have decided not to go back to Delhi and work in the fields. Biltu Sadah, a 46-year-old Scheduled Caste migrant labourer said, I dont have a sizeable land for producing grains, but I have enough land to produce cash crops like vegetables. I have bought a goat and a hen. I am hopeful that from next year I will be able to earn at least half of that I used to earn in cities as a labourer.

With nearly half of the youth population still being jobless, the employment pliability in the conventional agriculture sector of Bihar is almost negative. The government needs to tweak policies promoting agro-based food industries to change the dynamics of demand and supply chain. The workforce can be provided with employment by utilizing land banks to establish industries and providing infrastructure and logistic connectivity to the Bay of Bengal for maintaining the global supply chain. Fixing the economy does appear a big challenge for the state government, but this return of migrants also offers a silver lining for Nitish Kumar to herald what could be termed a remarkable turnaround.

DISCLAIMER : Views expressed above are the author's own.

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Migrant labour: Can Nitish Kumar convert the Covid crisis into a golden opportunity? - The Times of India Blog