Mitochondria are the power plants of the cell, generating chemical fuel stores that can be used to power cellular processes. They are important in aging, and this has a lot to do with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that happens as a side-effect of their operation. Researchers have shown that benefits to health and longevity can be realized in laboratory animals by targeting antioxidants to mitochondria in order to soak up some ROS before they cause harm. Other research focuses on repairing the damage that mitochondria inflict upon themselves this way, so as to stop it from contributing to degenerative aging.
There is general agreement that mitochondria play an important role in the aging process, but the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress remains controversial. Most previous work looking at mitochondrial oxidative stress has focused on damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids with age or in response to manipulation of cellular antioxidants. The interaction between oxidative damage and aging has been called into question in recent years by studies demonstrating little effect on aging and lifespan in mice with genetically modified antioxidant systems. A notable exception is the life extension and protection against multiple diseases in mice that express catalase in the mitochondria, which suggests that the cellular location and type of reactive oxygen species is an important factor.
Our laboratory is interested in whether redox inhibition of mitochondrial function contributes to age-related energy deficits in vivo in mouse and human skeletal muscle. [We] tested this hypothesis using a mitochondrial targeted peptide, SS-31, known to reduce mitochondrial H2O2 production.
SS-31 reduced the high mitochondrial H2O2 production from aged permeabilized muscle fibers [but] had no effect on young fibers. In the aged mice, one hour after in vivo treatment with SS-31 the cellular redox status [was] more reduced. This was accompanied by improved mitochondrial [function] in vivo in the skeletal muscle, while there was no effect on the mitochondrial energetics in young skeletal muscle. In addition to the improvements in muscle energetics, one hour and one week of SS-31 treatment resulted in improved muscle performance and increased exercise tolerance, respectively, in the old mice.
This rapid reversal of in vivo energy deficits supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial deficits in aged skeletal muscle are, at least in part, due to reversible redox sensitive inhibition. Thus assessing the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging and disease will require careful attention to changes to the in vivo redox environment and the mechanisms by which these changes can affect cell function.
Link: http://impactaging.com/papers/v5/n8/full/100590.html
- Vitamin K Delivers Kick to Cancer Risk [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2010]
- Magnesium for Memory [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 7th, 2010]
- The Long Road Towards Prosthetic Nerves [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- More on DAF-16 and Longevity in Nematodes [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Rapamycin and Alzheimer's Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Rapamycin and Alzheimer's Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Better Understanding Cytomegalovirus [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- On Mitophagy and Aging [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- A Trial of Giving Stem Cells Orders [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Methuselah Foundation Launches NewOrgan Prize [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- The Contributions of Mitochondria to Longevity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Dual Action Antibodies Versus Cancer [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- Longevity and the End of Empire [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 9th, 2010]
- The Long Road Towards Prosthetic Nerves [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- More on DAF-16 and Longevity in Nematodes [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Rapamycin and Alzheimer’s Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Better Understanding Cytomegalovirus [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- On Mitophagy and Aging [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- A Trial of Giving Stem Cells Orders [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Methuselah Foundation Launches NewOrgan Prize [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- The Contributions of Mitochondria to Longevity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Dual Action Antibodies Versus Cancer [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Longevity and the End of Empire [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2010]
- Longevity Meme Newsletter, April 12 2010 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2010]
- Printing New Tissue Directly Onto the Body [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2010]
- Reprogramming Autoimmune Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2010]
- Diet and Exercise Can Override the Genetic Disposition towards Obesity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2010]
- Your Heart Truly Loves Chocolate! [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 12th, 2010]
- CSC news roundup 2010-04-11 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Longevity Meme Newsletter, April 12 2010 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Printing New Tissue Directly Onto the Body [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Reprogramming Autoimmune Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Diet and Exercise Can Override the Genetic Disposition towards Obesity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Your Heart Truly Loves Chocolate! [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Trialing Stem Cells to Heal Heart Damage [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Selection Effects and Longevity Genes [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- How Exercise Can Awaken Your Creative Genius Within [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- Trialing Stem Cells to Heal Heart Damage [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2010]
- Selection Effects and Longevity Genes [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2010]
- How Exercise Can Awaken Your Creative Genius Within [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2010]
- WILT, ALT, and Zscan4 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2010]
- Damage in Early Life Shortens Life Expectancy [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 14th, 2010]
- WILT, ALT, and Zscan4 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 15th, 2010]
- Damage in Early Life Shortens Life Expectancy [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 15th, 2010]
- Synthetic Biology and the Extracellular Matrix [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 15th, 2010]
- The Tithonus Error as Prospection Error [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 15th, 2010]
- F.D.A. Says Millions Got Unapproved Drugs, Should the new bioequivalence and bioanalytical guidelines for 2010, be made more stringent [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Synthetic Biology and the Extracellular Matrix [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- The Tithonus Error as Prospection Error [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Towards an Artificial Pancreas [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Immortality Isn't Unethical [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Immortality Isn't Unethical [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Alcohol in Adolescence: A Cancerous Combination? [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Green Tea for Weight Loss [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 16th, 2010]
- Towards an Artificial Pancreas [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- Immortality Isn’t Unethical [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- Alcohol in Adolescence: A Cancerous Combination? [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- Green Tea for Weight Loss [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- On Calorie Restriction Research [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- AGE Precursor Methylglyoxal Also an Issue? [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 17th, 2010]
- On Calorie Restriction Research [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 18th, 2010]
- AGE Precursor Methylglyoxal Also an Issue? [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 18th, 2010]
- Longevity Meme Newsletter, April 19 2010 [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 19th, 2010]
- Let Them Eat Wheat [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 19th, 2010]
- An Appetite for Alzheimer’s Avoidance [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 19th, 2010]
- Steps Towards Controlling Regeneration [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 20th, 2010]
- Another View of What to Do About Aging [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 20th, 2010]
- Rare flowers and common herbal supplements get unmasked with plant DNA barcoding [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2010]
- Steps Towards Controlling Regeneration [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2010]
- Another View of What to Do About Aging [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2010]
- Stopping Metastasis [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2010]
- Humanity+ Summit at Harvard [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 21st, 2010]
- Stopping Metastasis [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 22nd, 2010]
- Humanity+ Summit at Harvard [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 22nd, 2010]
- An Update on Scent and Longevity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 22nd, 2010]
- Tissue Engineered Skin Progresses [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 22nd, 2010]
- Because Someone Has to State the Obvious [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 23rd, 2010]
- Deciphering Regeneration [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 23rd, 2010]
- Politics and Historical Aspirations to Engineered Longevity [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 24th, 2010]
- Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease [Last Updated On: August 17th, 2024] [Originally Added On: April 24th, 2010]