CALERIE is the largest present study of calorie restriction in humans: "In a robust and consistent manner, sustained caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to retard the aging process in a variety of animal species. Nonhuman primate studies suggest that CR may have similar effects in longer-lived species. The CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of the Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) research program is the first systematic investigation of CR in nonobese human beings. In the phase 2 study, it is hypothesized that 2 years of sustained CR, involving a 25% reduction of ad libitum energy intake, results in beneficial effects similar to those observed in animal studies. ... The study is a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 225 participants [is] being enrolled with 2:1 allocation to CR. ... An intensive dietary and behavioral intervention was developed to achieve 25% CR and sustain it over the 2 years. Adherence is monitored using a doubly labeled water technique. Primary outcomes are resting metabolic rate and core temperature, and are assessed at baseline and at 6-month intervals. Secondary outcomes address oxyradical formation, cardiovascular risk markers, insulin sensitivity and secretion, immune function, neuroendocrine function, quality of life and cognitive function. ... The results will provide insight into the detrimental changes associated with the human aging process and how CR mitigates these effects."

View the Article Under Discussion: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20923909

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