It happened today – this day in history – July 22 – Yellow Advertiser

1099: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem during the First Crusade.

1298: The English defeat the Scots at the Battle of Falkirk.

1461: Charles VII or France dies aged 58.

1484: A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albanys brother James III of Scotland at the Battle of Lochmaben Fair.

1515: The First Congress of Vienna settles issues between Poland and Holy Roman Empire.

1648: 10,000 Jews of Polannoe are murdered in the Chmielnick Massacre during the Khmelnytsky Uprising between Poland and Cossacks.

1676: Pope Clement X dies aged 86.

1691: The English/Dutch army beats France at Aghrim.

1739: The Ottoman Empire defeats Austria at Crocyka (Krotzka) in Serbia then successfully lays siege to Belgrade.

1793: Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.

1812: The Duke of Wellington defeats the French at The Battle of Salamanca, Spain.

1832: Napoleon II of France dies from tuberculosis aged 20.

1901: Serbia resumes diplomatic relations with Montenegro.

1912: In the face of ever-increasing German naval power, the British Admiralty decides to recall British warships from the Mediterranean and base them in the North Sea. On the same day, the Summer Olympic Games in Stockholm close.

1917: The British bomb German lines at Ypres.

1923: Henri Pelissier of France wins the Tour de France.

1933: Wiley Post completes the first solo flight round the world in 7days 19hrs.

1934: Gangster John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents outside the Biograph Theatre in Chicago.

1942: 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto are sent to Treblinka Extermination Camp.

1943: US forces led by General George Patton liberate Palermo, Sicily.

1946: Militant Zionist organisation Irgun bombs the British administrative headquarters for Palestine in the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, killing 91 people of various nationalities.

1950: King Leopold returns to Belgium after 6 years in exile.

1951: General Francisco Craveiro Lopes is appointed President of Portugal.

1959: Benjamin Brittens Missa Brevis in D premieres.

1960: Cuba nationalises all US-owned sugar factories.

1962: The first US Venus probe, Mariner 1, explodes at lift-off. On the same day, Gary Player wins the PGA Championship.

1963: Sonny Liston KOs Floyd Patterson in Round 1 for the heavyweight boxing title.

1965: Sir Alec Douglas-Home resigns as leader of the Conservative Party. On the same day, Mick Jagger, Brian Jones and Bill Wyman are each fined 5 at East Ham Magistrates Court after being found guilty of insulting behaviour at a Romford Road service station. The three had all urinated against a wall after the attendant had refused them the use of the toilet.

Singes chart:

1969: Singer Aretha Franklin was arrested for causing a disturbance in a Detroit parking lot. After posting $50 bail, she ran down a road sign while leaving the police station.

1971: John Lennon and Yoko Ono spent the second day filming the Imagine promotional film at their home in Tittenhurst Park Ascot. Todays footage included the morning walk on the grounds though the mist and Lennon singing in the white room on his white piano. On the same day, the Sudanese military stages a counter-coup under premier Numeiry.

1972: The Soviet Venera 8 makes a soft landing on Venus. On the same day, two Catholics are abducted, beaten and shot dead in a Loyalist area of Belfast. Also, Eddy Merckx of Belgium wins his fourth consecutive Tour de France.

1977: The Chinese Communist Party restores Deng Xiaoping to the offices of Vice Premier of the State Council, Vice-Chairman of the Central Committee, Vice-Chairman of the Military Commission and Chief of the General Staff of the Peoples Liberation Army.

1979: Bernard Hinault of France wins the Tour de France.

Album chart:

1981: Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca is sentenced in a Rome court to life imprisonment for the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II in May.

1983: Dick Smith makes the first solo helicopter flight around the world. On the same day, Polish Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski lifts martial law after 19 months.

1984: Seve Ballesteros wins the British Open at St Andrews.

1987: Palestinian cartoonist Naji Salim al-Ali is shot in the face and critically wounded in Chelsea. On the same day, Said Aouita of Morocco sets the 5000m record (12:58.39) in Rome.

1988: 500 US scientists pledge to boycott Pentagon germ-warfare research.

1990: Nick Faldo wins the British Open for the second time at St Andrews. On the same day, Greg LeMond of the US wins the Tour de France.

1991: Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer confesses to killing 17 men in the US in 1978. On the same day, British Prime Minister John Major launches a citizens charter to improve public services.

1992: Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes prison.

1994: A military coup in Gambia President Dawda Jawara flees. On the same day, O J Simpson pleads not guilty to the murder of his ex wife Nicole and her friend Ron Goldman in LA.

1995: Death of England Bodyline fast bowler Harold Larwood, aged 90.

2002: Israel assassinates Salah Shahade, the Commander-in-Chief of Hamass military arm, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, along with 14 civilians.

2003: Saddam Husseins sons Uday and Qusay are killed by US troops in a gun battle in northern Iraq.

2004: French singer and guitarist Sacha Distel died aged 71 after a long battle with deteriorating health. On the same day, singer, songwriter and producer Arthur Crier of The Chimes died of heart failure.

2005: Brazilian electrician, Jean Charles de Menezes, is shot by police on a train at Stockwell Tube Station after he was mistakenly assumed to be a terrorist. On the same day, singer with The Chi-lites, Eugene Record died of cancer.

2007: Ja Rule and Lil Wayne were arrested separately after a concert in Manhattan on charges of carrying illegal firearms.On the same day, Irishman Pdraig Harrington beats Sergio Garca of Spain to win the British Open at Carnoustie.

2008: Death of Golden Girls actress Estelle Getty aged 84.

2011: Norway suffers twin terror attacks, the first a bomb blast targeting government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utya.

2012: Pranab Mukherjee is elected President of India. On the same day, Bradley Wiggins of Britain wins the Tour de France.

2014 : The EU claims that Israel has the right to defend itself, but describes civilian casualties in Gaza as unacceptable.

2016: A man shoots and kills nine people at the Olympia shopping mall in Munich, before killing himself.

2019: French submarine Minerve is rediscovered off the coast of Toulon, France, after disappearing in 1968 with the loss of 52 crew. On the same day, singer, songwriter and keyboardist Art Neville of The Meters and The Neville Brothers died aged 81.

BIRTHDAYS: Louise Fletcher, actress, 86; Terence Stamp, actor, 82; George Clinton, singer-songwriter/producer, 79; Rick Davies, keyboardist, singer-songwriter (Supertramp) 76; Danny Glover, actor, 74; Don Henley, drummer, singer-songwriter (The Eagles) 73; Lasse Viren, Finish Olympic champion, 71; Alan Menken, Disney composer, 71; Al di Meola, jazz guitarist, 66; Willem Dafoe, actor, 65; Mick Pointer, drummer (Marillion) 64; Keith Sweat, singer-songwriter, 59; Steve Albini, recording engineer/musician, 58; Emily Sailers, singer, (The Indigo Girls) 57; William Calhoun, drummer (Living Colour) 56; Bonnie Langford, actress, 56; John Leguizamo, actor, 56; David Spade, comedian, 56; Pat Badger, bassist (Extreme) 53; Rhys Ifans (Evans), actor, 53; Charlotte Gainsbourg, actress, 49; Rufus Wainwright, singer-songwriter, 47; Dirk Kuyt, former footballer, 40; Selena Gomez, singer/actress, 28; Prince George of Cambridge, 7.