Overview
Increasing interactions between humans and animals, the erosion of biodiversity, alteration of ecosystems, and climate change are increasingly driving the emergence of infectious diseases. Meanwhile, the over-reliance on antimicrobials to prevent and combat infectious diseases, protect plants, preserve food, and promote animal growth is giving rise to anti-microbial resistance (AMR), causing superbugs that withstand the drugs designed to kill them, inactivate or slow their growth. In low and middle-income countries, these public health challenges disproportionately affect the poorest households, increase poverty and hinder development. Agriculture and food play a major role in the emergence and spread of diseases and AMR, due to the way food is produced, traded and consumed. Often seen as health issues, diseases can also disrupt food systems, undermine food security and destroy peoples livelihoods.
Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted between animals and humans, affect more than two billion people and cause over two million deaths every year. These diseases which include COVID-19, Ebola and SARS as well as rabies and tuberculosis--have resulted in outbreaks with significant public health, social and economic impacts. Six major outbreaks of highly fatal zoonoses between 1997 and 2009 cost the global economy at least USD$80 billion, half of which is attributed to SARS and the resulting lost economic activity in 2004. The Korea 2015 MERS outbreak had an economic cost estimated to be around $8.2 billion, as travel and shopping declined sharply due to avoidance behaviors. The West African Ebola outbreak resulted in a loss of 12% combined GDP growth and US$ 53 billion in economic and social costs in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.
Foodborne diseaseswhich can be caused by poor hygiene and animal husbandry mis-practices on farms-- and AMR also take a toll on economies. The Safe Food Imperative estimated the cost of foodborne diseases (FBD) at USD$110 billion in lost productivity and medical expenses in low- and middle-income countries each year. The World Bank report on Drug-Resistant Infections: A Threat to our Economic Future found that the cost of AMR could be as high as US$ 3.4 trillion by 2030. Tackling drug-resistant infections is now one of the highest-yield investments countries can make: Containing AMR in low- and middle-income countries costs an estimated USD$9 billion annually but has an annual rate of return of 88 percent per year.
Besides strong public health systems, integrated, multidisciplinary solutions are needed to prevent, detect, and manage risks from infectious diseases in humans and animals, curb AMR, reduce food losses and ensure food safety.
The One Health approach proactively engages different disciplines, such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, and environmental health sciences, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment.
One Health can help achieve progress on national and global priorities. Strengthening public health systems at the human-animal-environment interface protects health, agricultural production, and ecosystem servicesincluding food and nutrition security to disaster resilience and ecotourism--all of which contribute to economic development .
The One Health approach promotes synergies at national and global levels. The One Health approach is endorsed by international agencies.
One Health strategies are highly cost-effective. One Health improves effectiveness of core public health systems, substantially reducing morbidity, mortality, and economic costs of outbreaks.
What the World Bank is doing
The World Bank has worked for over a decade to promote and operationalize One Health approaches supported by country partners, technical institutions, international organizations, and donors. The World Banks knowledge base on the topic includes People, Pathogens, and Our Planet; the Investing in Climate Change and Health series; the One Health Operational Framework; From panic and neglect to investing in health security: Financing pandemic preparedness at a national level; and Pulling Together to Beat Superbugs: Knowledge and Implementation Gaps in Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance, among other publications.
The World Bank estimates that an annual investment of approximately US$1.93.4 billion is required to build and operate systems for effective disease prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries. Success in preventing the onset of pandemics comes with an expected 86 percent annual rate of return. The Global Program for Avian Influenza Control and Human Pandemic Preparedness and Response, approved in 2006, was active in 62 countries and contributed to averting a costly pandemic through biosecurity, surveillance, improved capacity in diagnosis, information, and communications, and response. Because the program focused on prevention and preparedness for control of contagion at the animal source, the response to the avian influenza was highly cost-effective. The lessons learned from the Global Program for Avian Influenza and Human Pandemic Preparedness and Response (GPAI) have underpinned investments such as the post-Ebola Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement program (REDISSE) that supports surveillance and epidemic preparedness in West Africa.
One Health responses are a key feature of the World Banks multi-phased Strategic Preparedness and Response Program to COVID-19. The response is both fast and flexible and focused on helping developing countries strengthen their pandemic response and health care systems in the longer term. Current COVID-19 response projects that feature One Health responses include:
India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836) aims to prevent, detect and respond to the threat posed by COVID-19 and strengthen national health systems for prevention and preparedness in India. One Health is integrated across all components of the project, through activities that aim to strengthen coordination and capacity at state level for disease surveillance and control, epidemiology, stronger laboratories and integrated information and communication management. Project activities will also strengthen pandemic research and multi-sector, national institutions and platforms to prevent, detect and respond to infectious diseases outbreaks in animals and humans, with a particular focus on zoonotic diseases at the animal-human interface.
Emerging Infectious Diseases Prevention, Preparedness and Response Project in China(P173746) seeks to strengthen selected national and provincial systems to pilot a multi-sectoral approach for reducing the risk of zoonotic and other emerging health threats. The project has a strong One Health focus and aims to improve risk-based surveillance systems for zoonotic and other emerging health threats, strengthen the capacity for risk assessment and diagnosis and monitoring networks for human, animal and wildlife diseases, and improve protocols for information sharing between relevant agencies.
Related blogs
Its time we invest in healthy food systems for a safer world, Martien van Nieuwkoop, March 9, 2020.
One Health Approach is Critical to De-risk Human, Animal and Environmental Health, Juergen Voegele & Karin Erika Kemper, February 12, 2018
Coronavirus and the Pangolin Effect, Daniel Mira-Salama, March 17, 2020
Small steps can have a big impact in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, Franck Berthe, November 18, 2019
Beyond nutrition, investing in livestock can also deliver on health, Franck Berthe, August 17, 2017
One health economics for healthy people, agriculture and environment, Franck Berthe, February 06, 2017
One Health: lets not have pandemics get in the way, Franck Berthe, November 03, 2016
See the article here:
Safeguarding Animal, Human and Ecosystem Health: One Health at the World Bank - World - ReliefWeb
- Green with Envy | How to Spot an Eco-Snob | Part III [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- EcoLogo [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- 5 Ways to Green Your Exercise Routine [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Seed Bombs [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Guerrilla gardening [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Green Your Morning Routine [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Environmental Benefits of Telecommuting [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Safeway Sponsors Portland Community Cleanup [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Electric Vehicle Race [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Portland Bridge Pedal 2009 [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- E-waste in Oregon [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Bike Sharing in Portland [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Bucks for the Bay Challenge [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Drive to Make a Difference with MyMPG [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Bathroom Sprayers - Green your Toilet Routine [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Ubuntu OS can Save Energy [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Green Metropolis, David Owen [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Sustainable Pens: GLO Pens [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- International Day of Climate Action [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Donate to Oregon Toxics Alliance [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Biomass Energy Generation Myths [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Crude The Real Price of Oil | Playing in Portland [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Pictures From 350 Climate Day in Portland [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Arcimoto Electric Vehicles in Oregon [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Urban Rooftop Wind Turbines [Last Updated On: November 8th, 2009] [Originally Added On: November 8th, 2009]
- Chromium 6 Emissions from ESCO in Portland [Last Updated On: December 13th, 2009] [Originally Added On: December 13th, 2009]
- Food Inc. Review [Last Updated On: December 19th, 2009] [Originally Added On: December 19th, 2009]
- Making Maps with Google Earth and Google Maps by Shane Bradt of the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2010]
- Demonstration of Miradi 3.1 by Nick Salafsky of Foundations of Success [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2010]
- Advanced Mashups – KML and the Mapping API by Cary Chadwick of the University of Connecticut Center for Land Use Education and Research [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2010]
- Demonstration of InVEST by Heather Tallis of the Natural Capital Project [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2010]
- GIS Maps Online by Emily Wilson of the University of Connecticut Center for Land Use Education and Research [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2010]
- From ArcGIS to Web Maps: Simple Techniques for Publishing GIS Maps Online by Emily Wilson of the University of Connecticut Center for Land Use Education and Research [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2010]
- Demonstration of Marine InVEST by Anne Guerry of the Natural Capital Project [Last Updated On: March 31st, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2010]
- Eliminate and Decrease Styrofoam [Last Updated On: March 31st, 2010] [Originally Added On: March 31st, 2010]
- Portland Plans to Spend $600 million on Master Bike Plan [Last Updated On: April 2nd, 2010] [Originally Added On: April 2nd, 2010]
- (Webinar in Spanish) Demostración sobre Vista 2.5 de NatureServe en línea (Webinar) por Ian Varley, Carmen Josse, y Alexandra Sanchez de Lozada de NatureServe. [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2010] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2010]
- Using and Adding Your Content to Google Ocean by Charlotte Vick, Google Content Manager of Mission Blue [Last Updated On: April 13th, 2010] [Originally Added On: April 13th, 2010]
- End Paper Receipts [Last Updated On: May 1st, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 1st, 2010]
- Demonstration of CanVis by Chris Haynes of NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: May 6th, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 6th, 2010]
- Demonstration of HD.gov Web Portal by Jeff Adkins from NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: May 13th, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 13th, 2010]
- Demonstration of Ecosystem Assessment and Reporting Tool by Steve Schill of The Nature Conservancy [Last Updated On: May 13th, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 13th, 2010]
- Demonstration of Version 2.0 of the Multipurpose Marine Cadastre by Adam Bode and Brian Smith of NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: May 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 17th, 2010]
- CRUDE Filmmakers Subpoenaed by Chevron [Last Updated On: May 22nd, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 22nd, 2010]
- Demonstration of the Digital Coast Coastal Inundation Toolkit by Steph Beard, Jodie Sprayberry and Billy Brooks of NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: May 25th, 2010] [Originally Added On: May 25th, 2010]
- Presentation on the Creating Resilient Communities EBM Tool Demonstration Project by Jocelyn Hittle of PlaceMatters [Last Updated On: June 10th, 2010] [Originally Added On: June 10th, 2010]
- Presentation on Economic Data Needed for EBM by Linwood Pendleton of Duke University [Last Updated On: October 11th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 11th, 2010]
- Recycling Water [Last Updated On: October 16th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 16th, 2010]
- ODOT Partners with Oregon Toxics Alliance to Reduce Pesticides [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- Goats Hired to Mow Portland Lot [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- A World of Health: Connecting People, Place, and Planet [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- Alternative Recycling Options [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- No More Bullying the Bull Trout [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- 1000+ EV Charging Stations Slated for Oregon I-5 Corridor [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- The Vertical Farm Concept [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- Blog Action Day 2010 | Water [Last Updated On: October 17th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 17th, 2010]
- Eco Districts [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Will The Nissan Leaf Thrive? [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- A Green Railroad [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Biomass is not Oregon's clean-energy future as currently promoted [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Electrified Parking Spaces [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Tree Planting [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Three Tips to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint and Live Longer. [Last Updated On: October 24th, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 24th, 2010]
- Biomass is not Oregon’s clean-energy future as currently promoted [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 31st, 2010]
- Rail~Volution [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 31st, 2010]
- Green Streets Initiative [Last Updated On: October 31st, 2010] [Originally Added On: October 31st, 2010]
- Mayor Kitty Piercy and Envision Eugene [Last Updated On: November 7th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 7th, 2010]
- The Willamette River Transit Bridge [Last Updated On: November 13th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 13th, 2010]
- Collaborative Learning and Land Use Tools to Support Community Based Ecosystem Management by Chris Feurt of the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 14th, 2010]
- Portland Federal Building Begins Green Makeover [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 14th, 2010]
- Vestas’ New HQ in Portland Shoots for LEED Platinum [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 14th, 2010]
- College Degrees to Get You in the Environmental Field [Last Updated On: November 14th, 2010] [Originally Added On: November 14th, 2010]
- Demonstration of openNSPECT, an Open Source Version of the Nonpoint-Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool by Dave Eslinger of NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Demonstration of EMDS by Keith Reynolds of the US Forest Service [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Demonstration of Habitat Priority Planner by Chrissa Waite and Danielle Bamford of NOAA Coastal Services Center [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Presentation on the Coastal Adaptation to Sea Level Rise Tool (COAST) by Sam Merrill of the New England Environmental Finance Center [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Presentation on the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard by Kathy Goodin of NatureServe [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Demonstration of Coral Reef Scenario Evaluation Tool (CORSET) by Jessica Melbourne-Thomas of the University of Tasmania [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Demonstration of Multi-scale Integrated Models of Ecosystem Services (MIMES) by Roel Boumans and David McNally of AFORDable Futures LLC [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]
- Creating Life in the Desert [Last Updated On: February 14th, 2011] [Originally Added On: February 14th, 2011]