Comet NEOWISE UK: How to see Comet NEOWISE and the International Space Station tonight – Daily Express

Astronomers all across the Northern Hemisphere have been tracking the comet's movements with great interest.

But the comet has already started to fade and once it passes out of sight, it will not return for at least 6,800 years.

Newcastle-based astronomer David Blanchflowert tweeted on Sunday, July 26: "Over one hour until #cometNEOWISE is faintly visible over the UK.

"Probably best to look for using binoculars now. Especially from an urban environment."

READ MORE:NASA astronauts space station anomaly admission exposed

The International Space Station will make a few passes over the UK this week and will be visible for a few minutes at a time.

According to the US space agency NASA, there will be potential sighting opportunities between Monday and Friday, when viewed from London.

You can visit NASA's official ISS tracker to see when the space station will be visible from your location.

On Monday, July 27, look for the ISS in the western skies at 9.44pm and 11.19pm.

The ISS should be visible as a fast-moving speck of light for five minutes and two minutes respectively.

On Tuesday, July 28, look for the ISS above the western horizon at 10.31pm. The ISS should be visible for about four minutes.

On Wednesday, July 29, the ISS should be visible for about five minutes and one minute from 9.44pm and 11.29pm, respectively, in the western and southwestern skies.

On Thursday, July 30, the ISS will cross the west-southwest skies for about three minutes from 10.33pm.

On Friday, July 31, look above the western horizon from 9.45pm for five minutes.

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Comet NEOWISE UK: How to see Comet NEOWISE and the International Space Station tonight - Daily Express

What a space mission to Mars can teach us about protecting planet Earth – Euronews

Weve all heard the joke about NASA and the special space pen. Why did they not just use a pencil like the Russians?

Aside from the premise of this joke being essentially a myth, there is a bigger scientific misunderstanding behind it. The $1 million pens created for NASA could write in just about any situation you can imagine and, in fact, solved the problem of pencils being a potential fire hazard in the sealed environment of a spacecraft. A prescient concern for the organisation after the tragedy of the Apollo 1 test fire.

Youre probably wondering what on Earth space pens have to do with the link between journeying to Mars and protecting the environment - but bear with me. Peoples response, one of contempt at this alleged rampant overspending on pens, indicates a lack of knowledge about just how many different things have to be considered to make a mission out of the atmosphere safe and successful.

The International Space Station (ISS) which sits 400km above the Earths surface is a completely closed system. Space doesnt provide for basic human needs like air, water and food for astronauts so limited resources have to be managed in a circular way, making sure that the most value is gleaned from anything taken on board.

Things we take for granted, like a pencil, could prove to be a lethal hazard or just might not work in space as they do on Earth. As a result, all items have to be carefully considered before boarding, but with weight so strictly limited, every decision must also take efficiency into account.

When you think about it like this, we are ourselves, essentially, floating through space in a much larger version of the same system. To quote American futurist Richard Buckminster Fuller, We are all astronauts on a little spaceship called Earth. We have self-sustaining life support, limited resources and the need to get rid of waste in a way that means it doesnt pile up in every corner of the planet. We have to find ways to keep ourselves safe, just like astronauts do.

Much like the space pen, tech developed for extraterrestrial activities can be used to solve problems faced by humanity. The added challenge of long-term survival in space is one that has the potential to birth a wealth of helpful solutions with much broader applications than the ability to write whenever and wherever. But how exactly can this technology improve our lives on terrafirma?

Around the world, 72 countries have space agencies and 14 of those have launch capability. Here in Europe, the European Space Agency (ESA) has been trying to work out how to make a spacecraft a self-sustaining environment since the 1980s.

[Our] goal is to build the ultimate recycling machine, Rob Suters, co-founder of ESA programme MELiSSA tells Euronews Living. Founded in 1989 MELiSSA is an international effort made up of members from 60 different academic institutes, whose goal is to make long term human space travel, like a round trip to Mars, a real possibility.

The acronym stands for Micro-Ecological Life Support Alternative and the group has a multitude of projects that aim to help astronauts regenerate resources. This would prevent them from having to take everything they might need with them from Earth on long missions.

Strategically it makes more sense to develop a closed life support system as opposed to building bigger rockets and just bringing everything and deplete whats in stock, says Suters. As missions become longer, there could come a time when the rockets required to launch the supplies needed would have to be unreasonably large.

A space mission to Mars takes roughly three years to complete. With a crew of six astronauts, approximately 30 tons of supplies are required to provide for both the outward and return journey, he reveals. This includes minimal amounts of water, nutrients and oxygen.

To actually enable a space trip to Mars, or beyond, continuous recycling of resources, [...], in order to produce food, water and oxygen on site is a necessity.

To achieve this goal, the MELiSSA Foundation researches nine different areas including waste management, recycling and effective computer modelling. These nine domains cover problems like scarcity of resources, food production, water and clean air.

Suters here interjects that he hopes the parallels between spacecraft and planet Earth are becoming more clear. What he means is that being able to recreate a sealed ecosystem in which humans can survive benefits space travel, sure. But the technology that results from it could also benefit those who live in parts of the world where water or even clean air are not easy to find.

The knowhow and findings are of direct relevance to Earth because essentially the challenges that we have in space are identical to the ones we have on Earth, he says. Consequently so are the solutions that are designed for space, very often with modifications including upscaling of course.

One example of this can be found at the University of Kenitra in Morocco. Systems which recycle wastewater originally developed for astronauts on the ISS are now being used to create drinking water for a school. The principles behind the organic membranes, which use bacteria, algae and other filters to remove nitrates from groundwater in the area, were created by MELiSSA. With holes 700 times finer than a single strand of human hair, they can easily filter out unwanted compounds with very little ongoing maintenance required.

If this works well for the school, the ESA says that the technology could be scaled up to provide clean drinking water for the entire surrounding village of Sidi Tabi. This could also bring Morocco closer to meeting UN Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation.

Perhaps a slightly less expected application for the work MELiSSA does can be found at La Trappe Brewery in the Netherlands. It is one of Suters favourite projects and is a test facility for circular water recovery essential to the self-sustaining life support systems.

Using a bioreactor filled with over 2,000 different species of microorganisms, wastewater from the brewery can be recovered to irrigate crops or added to the beer-making process itself. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus can also be recovered and turned into plant fertiliser or even human food. It may not be providing clean water to highly polluted villages but it all helps to lessen the impact of the brewery on the surrounding area - making its operation more sustainable and circular.

Its not difficult to see, then, how these problems of spending years in space and the technology developed to solve them can have substantial environmental benefits. As Suters concludes, We are all space travellers as the planet moves across the universe and our planet is our spacecraft, except that obviously we didnt build it, but still have to look after it.

We need to start treating our planet in the same way an astronaut would treat his or her precious space habitat.

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Comet NEOWISE and International Space Station UK tracker – how to see the comet tonight – Cambridgeshire Live

This weekend presents one of the final chances to see Comet NEOWISE in the skies over Cambridgeshire - and if that's not enough, the International Space Station will also be visible.

While the comet was at its brightest on Thursday and Friday nights, it will still be visible over Saturday and Sunday (July 25 and 26), before gradually fading from view over the course of the remainder of July.

It's one of the brightest comets to pass over the Earth in recent history, making it easy to spot without a telescope or binoculars.

The experts say that the comet can be seen best approximately two hours after sunset and to track it down, first you need to find a constellation in the night sky.

Space.com says to find The Plough, also known as the Big Dipper, and go approximately 15 degrees, or one and half fists, down and to the lower left of the bottom of the "bowl" of the constellation.

The comet was at its closest to the Earth on Thursday but by tonight (Saturday July 25) the comet will have moved so that it is directly underneath the Plough.

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits the Earth about 16 times a day at a height of 400 km.

There will be three opportunities to see it on Saturday night and after that it will not be visible again until Sunday.

The times are:

Saturday, July 25, 9.43pm

Saturday, July 25, 10.30pm

Saturday, July 25, 11.18pm

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Mold grown in Chernobyl may protect astronauts from radiation in space – Business Insider – Business Insider

Astronauts take many risks in space, but exposing themselves to dangerous radiation is one of the biggest. On the International Space Station, astronauts are exposed to up to 160 millisieverts of radiation during a six-month mission, according to NASA, that's about 1,600 chest x-rays, and 26 times more than the average US citizen receives. Mars is even worse; an astronaut making an 18-month round trip to the red planet would be exposed to 1,000 millisieverts of radiation, or 10,000 chest x-rays' worth.

For protection, astronauts generally rely on radiation shields made of plastics or metals like aluminum and stainless steel. But these can be heavy and vulnerable to damage.

So in 2018, some high school students from Durham County, North Carolina proposed an unusual solution to this problem: Make a shield out of mold.

Specifically, they suggested cladosporium sphaerospermum, an organism that appears to feed on nuclear radiation the same way most plants feed on sunlight. The mold has thrived in Chernobyl's exclusion zone, the site of the 1986 nuclear meltdown, which is still one of the most radioactive places on Earth.

The students, led by Graham Shunk, now an incoming second-year student at the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, obtained samples of the mold species from a company in Minnesota. With the help of the research company Space Tango, they blasted them into outer space in December 2018.

On the International Space Station, astronauts put the mold samples into Petri dishes, leaving one side of each dish empty. Geiger counters then measured radiation levels beneath the dishes every 110 seconds for 30 days. The results showed that radiation levels decreased at the height of the mold's growth: The counters measured a 2.4% decrease in average radiation levels beneath the mold-covered sides.

Researchers grew Cladosporium sphaerospermum mold on the left sides of petri dishes on the International Space Station. Space Tango, Inc.

The preliminary findings from that experiment were uploaded to the research archive bioRxiv on July 17, but have not yet been peer-reviewed. Still, they suggest that the mold could act as a shield against radiation in space.

That's because the mold appears to absorb radiation and convert it into chemical energy in a process called radiosynthesis. It's similar to photosynthesis, the process most plants use to convert sunlight into energy.

Shunk and the other researchers suggested that if the mold were about 21 centimeters thick, it could provide humans adequate protection from radiation levels on Mars. The protection would be stronger if the mold surrounded an object entirely, they think, instead of just shielding one side as it did in the study.

The International Space Station orbits Earth. NASA

The mold has a big advantage over other types of radiation shields, the researchers also noted, since it can grow and replenish itself in space. That means a microscopic amount of C. sphaerospermum could be all that's needed at the start of a launch so it wouldn't add extra weight to a rocket. That could be a game-changer, since NASA estimates that launching something into space costs about $10,000 per pound.

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Watch live: SpaceX’s Crew Dragon returns to Earth from ISS on August 2 – Business Insider – Business Insider

SpaceX made history in May when it became the first company to launch a crewed spaceship to the International Space Station. In doing so, Elon Musk's rocket company also revived the US's ability to launch its own astronauts into space, which hadn't been possible since the Space Shuttle program ended in 2011.

Two months later, the mission's astronauts, Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, are about to come home in the same spaceship, which they've named Endeavour. Their journey includes a fiery return through Earth's atmosphere.

NASA will stream that flight, as well as the process in which the spaceship undocks from the space station, live this weekend you can watch below via NASA TV. Here's the schedule:

On Saturday, August 1, the astronauts will participate in an ISS farewell ceremony around 9:10 a.m. ET. Then NASA's undocking coverage starts at 5:15 p.m. ET, ahead of the astronauts' scheduled 7:34 p.m. departure.

Then on Sunday, August 2, assuming all goes well, the Crew Dragon should splash down in the Atlantic Ocean around 2:42 p.m. ET. A news conference later in the day will begin at 5 p.m. ET.

It's possible, however, that Tropical Storm Isaias could get in the way, forcing SpaceX and NASA to change the schedule. The storm's wind and rain are expected to hit Florida on Saturday.

The first phase of the astronauts' return journey, undocking, calls for them to enter the Crew Dragon, after which the spaceship should retract the hooks that connect it to the ISS. Assuming all goes according to plan, it's engines would then gently propel the ship away from the station. Once it's flying free, the ship is programmed to fire its engines more aggressively to put it on the path toward its splashdown location off the Florida coast.

Then after it's en route, the ship is expected to shed its trunk, which should burn up in the atmosphere. After the separation is complete, Crew Dragon should hurtle towards Earth at up to 17,500 miles per hour, or nearly 23 times the speed of sound.

An illustration of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spaceship returning to Earth with a blaze of plasma ahead of its heat shield. SpaceX via YouTube

During this fall, the spaceship's heat shield will have to protect the hardware and crew from temperatures of up to 3,500 degrees Fahrenheit. Musk has called this part of the journey his "biggest concern."

After the Crew Dragon reenters the thicker parts of Earth's atmosphere, it is programmed to deploy two sets of parachutes. The first opens at 18,000 feet, then another set comes at 6,000 feet. After that is the splashdown: The capsule is expected to land in the ocean some 22 to 175 nautical miles off of Florida's coast.

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NASA announces astronauts for second SpaceX Crew Dragon flight to International Space Station – Fox News

NASA announced on Tuesday the astronauts who will fly aboard the SpaceX Crew-2 mission to the International Space Station next spring.

Two of the astronauts are American: Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur. Akihiko Hoshide is from Japans Aerospace Exploration Agency, and Thomas Pesquet, of France, is from the European Space Agency (ESA).

SpaceX made history at the end of May when it launched NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken toward the ISS on the SpaceX Demo-2 test flight mission the first time astronauts blasted off from American soil since the end of the space shuttle program almost a decade ago.

SPACEX MAKES HISTORY, LAUNCHES NASA ASTRONAUTS INTO SPACEFROM US SOIL FOR FIRST TIME SINCE 2011

That SpaceX Crew Dragon flight was the first time a private company, rather than a government, sent astronauts into orbit. They are scheduled to return to Earth on Sunday.

Behnken, who commanded the Demo-2 mission, is married to McArthur, who will pilot the Crew-2 mission. In between, there is also a Crew-1 mission scheduled to launch in late September.

McArthur, who was born in Hawaii but calls California her home state, has one prior trip to space under her belt, according to NASA. She launched with the space shuttle Atlantis on a mission to the Hubble Space Telescope in 2009.

SPACEX SPACECRAFT DOCKS WITH INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ON HISTORIC NASA MISSION

Kimbrough, a retired Army colonel born in Texas and raised in Atlanta, will be the missions spacecraft commander. It will be his third trip to space and second long-term stay aboard the space station. He has already logged 189 days in space and has blasted off aboard both the retired space shuttle Endeavour in 2008 and a Russian Soyuz rocket in 2016.

The Crew-2 mission will be the third spaceflight for Hoshide, who was part of the STS-124 mission aboard the Discovery in 2008 and whose most recent launch included a 124-day stay aboard the ISS in 2012.

Pesquet, the youngest member of the crew at age 42, is also the only one never to have taken part on a mission under the now-retired U.S. space shuttle program. But hes already spent 196 days in space.

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The Crew-2 astronauts are expected to stay aboard the space station for about six months alongside three other crew members who will arrive separately on a Russian Soyuz. That makes for a seven-person crew, rather than the usual six, which NASA said will allow twice as much research to be performed during their stay.

Fox News James Rogers contributed to this report.

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NASA announces astronauts for second SpaceX Crew Dragon flight to International Space Station - Fox News

Virgin Galactic Unveils Comfy Cabin for Jet-Setting to the Edge of Space – The New York Times

The inside of Virgin Galactics space plane is like a space-age executive jet.

The seats recline to absorb the forces of acceleration toward space. Mood lighting shifts during each phase of the flight. Twelve windows two for each of the six passengers, who have paid hundreds of thousands of dollars each for a seat provide an impressive view of Earth and the darkness of space. Sixteen cameras will capture you floating. And the back of the cabin includes a big circular mirror so that you can watch yourself enjoying a few minutes escaping the effects of gravity.

Virgin Galactic will be offering short up-and-down trips to the edge of space, essentially like giant roller coaster rides with better views, in its space plane, SpaceShipTwo.

But how can the company unveil the fancy new interior of its space plane in the middle of a global pandemic when journalists are not able to gather for a fancy media event?

Modern technology provided an imaginative solution. Virgin Galactic sent Oculus virtual reality headsets as loaners to journalists so that they could chat with the designers of the cabin while walking through a computer-generated version of it an experience of almost being there while being nowhere near there.

For me, that was standing in my cluttered home office on Monday, trying to avoid walking into the door, walls and stacks of boxes, while gazing at Earth above.

Obviously, youre on your journey to become an astronaut yourself, Jeremy Brown, design director at Virgin Galactic, said during our voyage into virtual reality. In this Oculus world, the avatars of other people are mannequin heads with a couple of disembodied gesticulating hands.

If you werent sent a VR headset, the company presented a livestream event on YouTube on Tuesday, the first public viewing of the inside of SpaceShipTwo.

Aboard SpaceShipTwo, every seat is, of course, a window seat, with one window to the side and a second above. Unlike commercial jets, the cockpit area where the two pilots sit is not walled off, so passengers can also look out the front windows.

The virtual-reality experience offers a unique perspective not possible in real life. I was able to walk through the wall of SpaceShipTwo to look at the outside of the spacecraft and the full panorama of Earth.

The mirror is the largest mirror on board a spaceship, Mr. Brown said, adding, Thats a really nice memory for you as a customer to have that kind of analog memory of seeing you and your fellow crew members floating around.

The company, which went public in October, is not yet promising when virtual reality will turn into actual reality. This year, it moved its operations from Mojave, Calif., where SpaceShipTwo was developed and initially tested, to Spaceport America in New Mexico, where the commercial flights will take place.

Also making the move was the White Knight Two airplane that will carry the space plane to an altitude of about 50,000 feet before dropping it. SpaceShipTwos engine then ignites, taking it up to more than 50 miles. At the top of the arc, passengers will float for about four minutes before the space plane re-enters the atmosphere and glides to a runway landing.

The actual interior is not quite finished, said George Whitesides, who just turned over the chief executive role at Virgin Galactic to Michael Colglazier, who had been in charge of the theme parks at Disney. Mr. Whitesides assumed a newly created position of chief space officer.

Virgin Galactic has more than 600 customers who paid up to $250,000 each for seats on its earliest flights. But it stopped selling tickets in December 2018. The company has not yet said when it will restart sales or how much a seat will cost now, except that the price will be higher. However, it allows people to get in line by paying a $1,000 deposit.

In the future, the company will face competition from Blue Origin, the private rocket company founded by Jeffrey P. Bezos, the chief executive of Amazon. The company also offers suborbital trips to the edge of space on its reusable New Shepard rocket and capsule, but Amazon has not yet tested flights with people aboard or announced when it will start selling tickets or how much they will cost.

And customers with tens of millions of dollars to spend may be flying to Earth orbit or perhaps even the International Space Station in the coming years aboard Crew Dragon, the capsule built for NASA by SpaceX, the rocket company founded by Elon Musk. SpaceX flew two NASA astronauts successfully to the station in May, and plans to bring them home on Sunday if weather permits.

After a couple of successful glide tests at the New Mexico spaceport, the final rounds of testing will consist of powered flights, including ones with employees who will play the role of paying passengers. The company has not set a target date for the first commercial flight the one that will have its founder, Richard Branson, aboard.

Were still working hard to fly Richard as soon as we can, Mr. Whitesides said.

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Virgin Galactic Unveils Comfy Cabin for Jet-Setting to the Edge of Space - The New York Times

Satisfying the growing demand for space education – Create – create digital

Fundamentally, its important to identify what your regulatory obligations are from the outset of a project or risk delays, advised Ellis.

For example, its important to submit your application for regulatory approval early and to estimate the costs of managing the approval process in addition to the costs of the applications. she explained.

Sometimes the lead time to getting an approval is so long that by the time they come to that question at the end of developing whatever theyre developing, their projects going to be delayed because theyll have to wait for the appropriate authorisations.

When youre putting your proposal together its really important to address what are your obligations, if any, identify them, and then once youve identified them, then work out whos going to manage it. How are we going to manage it? And of course, theres costs associated with that as well.

Ellis said Project Possum (Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere) was an exciting opportunity to pursue suborbital microgravity research. This microgravity environment is induced by parabolic flight.

While Project Possum provides suborbital flight training on aircraft which complete a number of parabolas, the Astronaut-Candidates are being trained for suborbital flight on the next generation of commercial suborbital spaceflight vehicles.

This is more affordable than going all the way to the International Space Station (ISS) to perform experiments or test and qualify space hardware.

When training is complete, Ellis will be a qualified Suborbital Flight crew member, trained and accredited for spaceflight to a level which exceeds the minimum United States Code of Federal Regulations 460.5(b). This means accreditation to conduct experimental programs in High-G and suborbital environments for equipment testing and qualification, and also to undertake de-risking research earmarked for the ISS, the Lunar Gateway or beyond.

Elliss background is as a chemist and as a senior technical officer at BHP in the uranium technology team, before being made redundant when the miner closed the Newcastle site.

Asked by a career consultant what she would do next if she could do anything, Ellis answered rocket scientist, and was advised that law might be a good general option to start the next phase of her professional life.

She is of course eager to complete her training and get back to scientific research. The rescheduled five-day program is now slated for this December.

They decided to reschedule the flight and space suit training until September, but we just had a monthly meeting and they updated us to say that the flight and space suit trainings being rescheduled for December 7th to the 11th, in Melbourne, Florida, Ellis said.

I just cant wait to get out there.

Interested in a career in Australias dynamic space science industry? To learn more about Swinburnes Space Technology courses, click here.

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Images of first moments of sunrise from space station will make you gasp in wonder – Hindustan Times

Images of first moments of sunrise from space station will make you gasp in wonder - it s viral - Hindustan Times "; forYoudata += ""; forYoudata += ""; forYoudata += ""; count++; if (i === 7) { return false; } }); forYouApiResponse=forYoudata; $(forutxt).html('Recommended for you'); $(foruContent).html(forYoudata); } } }); } else if(forYouApiResponse!=''){ $(forutxt).html('Recommended for you'); $(foruContent).html(forYouApiResponse); } } function getUserData(){ $.ajax({ url:"https://www.hindustantimes.com/newsletter/get-active-subscription?usertoken="+user_token, type:"GET", dataType:"json", success: function(res){ if(res.length>0) { $("[id^=loggedin]").each(function(){ $(this).hide(); }); } } }); } function postUserData(payLoad, elm){ var msgelm=$(elm).parents(".subscribe-update").nextAll("#thankumsg"); $.ajax({ url:"https://www.hindustantimes.com/newsletter/subscribe", type:"POST", data:payLoad, contentType: "application/json", dataType: "json", success: function(res){ if(res.success===true){ $(msgelm).show(); 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Images of first moments of sunrise from space station will make you gasp in wonder - Hindustan Times

KULR Technology wins second US patent for its NASA-grade Thermal Runaway Shield – Proactive Investors USA & Canada

TRS suppresses potentially catastrophic thermal runaway (rapid jump in temperature) in lithium-ion battery packs and is now in use aboard the International Space Station

KULR Technology Group Inc () won a second US patent for its Thermal Runaway Shield (TRS) a passive propagation resistant solution designed to reduce the hazardous associated with thermal runaway (rapid jump in temperature) in lithium-ion battery packs.

The companys TRS is a sleeve-like shield that surrounds and separates individual cells in multi-cell packs and contains carbon fiber core and liquid coolant to keep an exploded cell from causing a catastrophic fire through the entire battery pack.

The unique combination and configuration of the shield passively draws intense heat of cell failures away from nearby cells while dousing the failed area in a cooling and fire-prevention liquid.

The TRS product is used by NASA to transport to and store batteries aboard the International Space Station.

Securing this patent is a substantial leap forward in our research and development of products that make batteries safer, Timothy Knowles, co-founder and chief technology officer of KULR, said in a statement Wednesday.

We are very pleased with the development of our patent portfolio. This new issuance expands the breadth and depth of our battery safety technology covering catastrophic battery failures.

In a comprehensive analyst report by Litchfield Hills Research last month, the firm estimated that KULR's technology has an addressable market of $8 billion.

Both the growth of electric-motor based transportation and demand for increased safety of lithium-ion batteries are key drivers for KULR, the report said. KULR has what we believe to be better and lighter materials for thermal management.

Michael Mo, CEO of KULR, added: Battery safety is a global concern across many large and rapidly growing markets such as electric vehicles, battery storage, 5G infrastructure, and space exploration. We continue to work with government agencies, regulators and commercial customers across the world to deploy our technology.

Campbell, California-based KULR's stock recently traded up by 1% to $1.31 a share in New York.

Contact the author: [emailprotected]

Follow him on Twitter @PatrickMGraham

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KULR Technology wins second US patent for its NASA-grade Thermal Runaway Shield - Proactive Investors USA & Canada

Night-Time Exposure to Blue Light Including Many Tablet and Phone Screens Associated With Increased Risk of Cancer – SciTechDaily

International Space Station night image of Madrid, courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA. 12 February 2012. Time: 02:22:46 GMT (local time 03:22:46) (ISS030-E-82052). Credit: Courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA.

Blue light has become an increasingly common component of urban outdoor lighting. But how does it impact our health? A team led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), a center supported by the la Caixa Foundation, has conducted the first study of the association between night-time exposure to outdoor artificial light and colorectal cancer. The findings, published inEpidemiology, show that exposure to the blue light spectrum may increase the risk of this type of cancer.

Previous studies have found associations between night-time exposure to artificial light especially blue light and various adverse health effects, including sleep disorders, obesity and increased risk of various types of cancer, especially in night-shift workers. Blue light is a range of the visible light spectrum emitted by most white LEDs and many tablet and phone screens. An earlier study by ISGlobal found a link between exposure to blue light at night and increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.

Using the same methodology as the previous study, we decided to analyze the relationship between exposure to artificial light and colorectal cancer, the third most common type of cancer worldwide after lung and breast cancer, explained Manolis Kogevinas, Scientific Director of the Severo Ochoa Distinction at ISGlobal and coordinator of the new study. The World Health Organisations International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies night-shift work as probably carcinogenic to humans; breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer are associated with the highest risk.

International Space Station night image of Barcelona, courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA. 18 April 2013. Time: 22:10:46 GMT (local time 00:10:46) (ISS035-E-23385). Credit: Courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA.

The authors analyzed data obtained through the MCC-Spain project on approximately 2,000 adults in Barcelona and Madrid, of whom 660 had colorectal cancer and the rest were randomly selected from the local population. Individuals with a history of working night shifts were excluded. Night-time levels of outdoor artificial light were determined using images from the International Space Station (ISS).

Results from both cities showed that participants with the highest exposures to blue light had a 60% higher risk of developing colorectal cancer than the less exposed population. No association was found with full-spectrum light.

Night-time exposure to light, especially blue-spectrum light, can decrease the production and secretion of melatonin, depending on the intensity and wavelength of the light, explains Kogevinas.

Because exposure to light was estimated using satellite images, this calculation did not take into account individual behaviors such as the use of rolling shutters, which is common in Spain and other Mediterranean countries. The estimate of exposure can therefore be interpreted as the amount of light people are exposed to when they are outside their homes a common pattern in Spain and inside their homes before closing the shutters and going to bed.

There is growing concern about the effects of light on ecosystems and human health, commented Kogevinas. Research on the potential effects of light exposure is still in its infancy, so more work is needed to provide sound, evidence-based recommendations to prevent adverse outcomes.

Reference: Association between outdoor light-at-night exposure and colorectal cancer in Spain (MCC-Spain study) by Garcia-Saenz, Ariadna; Snchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Espinosa, Ana; Costas, Laura; Aragons, Nuria; Tonne, Cathryn; Moreno, Victor; Prez-Gmez, Beatriz; Valentin, Antonia; Polln, Marina; Castao-Vinyal, Gemma; Aub, Martin andKogevinas, Manolis, 24 June 2020, Epidemiology.DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001226

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Night-Time Exposure to Blue Light Including Many Tablet and Phone Screens Associated With Increased Risk of Cancer - SciTechDaily

NASA’s Perseverance Rover Will Carry First Spacesuit Materials to Mars – NASA Mars Exploration

In a Q&A, spacesuit designer Amy Ross explains how five samples, including a piece of helmet visor, will be tested aboard the rover, which is targeting a July 30 launch.

NASA is preparing to send the first woman and next man to the Moon, part of a larger strategy to send the first astronauts to the surface of Mars. But before they get there, they'll be faced with a critical question: What should they wear on Mars, where the thin atmosphere allows more radiation from the Sun and cosmic rays to reach the ground?

Amy Ross is looking for answers. An advanced spacesuit designer at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, she's developing new suits for the Moon and Mars. So Ross is eagerly awaiting this summer's launch of the Perseverance Mars rover, which will carry the first samples of spacesuit material ever sent to the Red Planet.

While the rover explores Jezero Crater, collecting rock and soil samples for future return to Earth, five small pieces of spacesuit material will be studied by an instrument aboard Perseverance called SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals). The materials, including a piece of helmet visor, are embedded alongside a fragment of a Martian meteorite in SHERLOC's calibration target. That's what scientists use to make sure an instrument's settings are correct, comparing readings on Mars to base-level readings they got on Earth.

Read on as Ross shares insights into the materials chosen and the differences between suits designed for the Moon and those for Mars. More information about SHERLOC and the rover's science can be found here.

Why were these particular materials on SHERLOC's calibration target selected?

Ross: The materials we're poking at the most are meant to be on the outer layer of a suit, since these will be exposed to the most radiation. There's ortho-fabric, something we have a lot of experience using on the outside of spacesuits. That's three materials in one: It includes Nomex, a flame-resistant material found in firefighter outfits; Gore-Tex, which is waterproof but breathable; and Kevlar, which has been used in bulletproof vests.

We are also testing a sample of Vectran on its own, which we currently use for the palms of spacesuit gloves. It's cut-resistant, which is useful on the International Space Station: Micrometeoroids strike handrails outside the station, creating pits with sharp edges that can cut gloves.

We included a sample of Teflon, which we've used in spacesuits for a long time as part of astronaut glove gauntlets and the backs of gloves. Just like a nonstick pan, it's slippery, and it's harder to catch and tear a fabric if it's slick. We also included a sample of Teflon with a dust-resistant coating.

Finally, there's a piece of polycarbonate, which we use for helmet bubbles and visors because it helps reduce ultraviolet light. A nice thing about it is it doesn't shatter. If impacted, it bends rather than breaks and still has good optical properties.

How will SHERLOC check the samples?

Ross: On Mars, radiation will break down the chemical composition of the materials, weakening their tensile strength. We want to figure out how long these materials will last. Do we need to develop new materials, or will these hang in there?

SHERLOC can get the spectra, or composition, of rocks the mission's scientists want to study. It can do the same thing for these spacesuit materials. We've already tested them on Earth, bathing samples in radiation and then analyzing their spectra. The results of those tests, conducted in ultraviolet vacuum chambers at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, will be compared to what we see on Mars.

Will Martian dust be a challenge?

Ross: Sure, it's an engineering challenge, but there's no reason we can't design things to operate in dust. We're already developing things like seals that keep dust out of our bearings. Spacesuits have bearings at the shoulders, wrists, hip, upper thighs, and ankles. They all give an astronaut mobility for walking, kneeling, and other movements you'd need to get up close to rocks or maintain a habitat.

Remember, our suits inflate to over 4 pounds per square inch of pressure. That's not a crazy amount of pressure, but it's pretty stiff. When you put a human inside a balloon and ask them to move, they'll have trouble. It's as tight as the head of a drum. So we need to seal off the bearings so dust doesn't gunk them up.

We are looking for other ways to protect the suit from Martian dust over a long-duration mission. We know that a coated or film material will be better than a woven material that has space between the woven yarns. The two Teflon samples let us look at that as well as the performance of the dust-resistant coating.

How much would spacesuit design differ between the space station, the Moon, and Mars?

Ross: Spacesuit design depends on where you're going and what you're doing. The ISS suit is designed specifically for microgravity. If you go on a spacewalk, you're not really walking; you use your hands everywhere. Your lower torso is just used as a stable platform for your upper body. The suit is also exposed to two environmental sources of degradation: solar radiation and atomic oxygen. Atomic oxygen is different from the oxygen we breathe. It's very reactive and can degrade spacesuit materials.

The Moon doesn't have the atomic oxygen problem but is worse than Mars in terms of radiation. You're pretty close to the Sun and have no atmosphere to scatter the ultraviolet radiation like you do on Mars. The Moon is a big testbed for the Artemis program. The environments of the Moon and Mars aren't exactly the same, but the durability challenges materials exposed over long periods of time at low pressures in a dusty environment are similar.

On Mars, you're farther from the Sun, and you have at least a little atmosphere to scatter the UV. But that's when the duration of exposure starts to get you. You have to plan on being exposed on the surface most of the time. Mars spacesuits will be more like ones we use for the Moon and less like those for the ISS. I'm trying to make the Moon suit as much like the Mars suit as possible.

Perseverance is a robotic scientist that weighs just under 2,300 pounds (1,043 kilograms). The rover's astrobiology mission will search for signs of past microbial life. It will characterize the planet's climate and geology, collect samples for future return to Earth, and pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet. No matter what day Perseverance launches during its July 30-Aug. 15 launch window, it will land at Mars' Jezero Crater on Feb. 18, 2021.

A division of Caltech, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission for the agency's Science Mission Directorate. The mission is part of a larger program that includes missions to the Moon as a way to prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. Charged with returning astronauts to the Moon by 2024, NASA will establish a sustained human presence on and around the Moon by 2028 through NASA's Artemis lunar exploration plans.

Read more about Perseverance:

mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

nasa.gov/perseverance

News Media ContactsAndrew GoodJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.818-393-2433andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov

Alana Johnson / Grey HautaluomaNASA Headquarters, Washington202-672-4780 / 202-358-0668alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov / grey.hautaluoma-1@nasa.gov

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NASA's Perseverance Rover Will Carry First Spacesuit Materials to Mars - NASA Mars Exploration

Midsummer Space Station and August Sights – Santa Barbara Edhat

By Chuck Macpuzl

The International Space Station will be making evening passes through Santa Barbaras skies from now into the first week of August. Its orbit is likely to change when the Crew Dragon capsule departs, so to get the latest and most complete predictions, visit Heavens Above.

On Tuesday, July 28, the ISS will make a low pass over our mountains, appearing in the NNW at 10:19 PM PDT in the nose of Ursa Major, and disappearing in the NNE below the W of Cassiopeia at 10:21 PM.

On Wednesday, its first pass will be a very low but longer version of Tuesday's trajectory, rising in the N at 9:32 PM, and fading away at 9:34 PM in the NE. It will return on its next orbit, popping up at 11:07 PM in the NW in the hind legs of Ursa Major, and vanishing in our shadow before reaching the bowl of the Big Dipper.

Thursday's pop-up will start in the NNW at 10:19 PM, passing through the shoulder of Ursa Major and fading away just before reaching Polaris in the N at 10:21 PM.

Friday will have a low mountain horizon pass starting at 9:31 PM in the NNW, from the nose of Ursa Major to dim Lacerta in the ENE at 9:35 PM.

To start August, the station will first appear in the N at 8:44 PM, again in the nose of the Great Bear, and disappear in the ENE at 8:48 PM just before reaching Pegasus. Then, it will pop up at 10:20 in the NW in the hind legs of the Bear, and climb into Coma Berenices, disappearing in the WNW at 10:22 PM.

The brightest pass of this sequence will be on Sunday, August 2, starting at 9:32 PM in the NW in the feet of the Bear, passing through the bowl of the Big Dipper, along Draco, the Dragon, and fading away near Albireo, the beak of Cygnus in the ESE at 8:47 PM. With binoculars or a telescope, you should be able to see that Albireo is a beautiful color contrast double star.

Monday's first pass will start at 8:44 PM in the NNW and be a lower version of Sunday's pass, setting in the ESE at 8:47 PM as the ISS nears the Moon. It will reappear at 10:21 PM in the W, making a low sweep from Denebola to the SSW at 9:36 PM, fading out between bluish Spica below and orange Arcturus above.

Tuesday's pass will be a bright one, rising at 8:44 PM in the NW in the feet of the Bear, cruising close by Arcturus, the Guardian of the Bear, tracing the two halves of Serpens, and setting in the Teapot of Sagittarius in the SSE at 8:50 PM.

Thursday will have the last ISS pass of this sequence, starting low in the W at 8:46 PM in Leo, and skimming the horizon below Spica and through Centaurus and Lupus to set below the tail of Scorpius, the Fishhook of Maui, at 8:50 PM in the S.

I hope you've all been getting nice views of Comet C/2020 F3 NEOWISE in the northwest after sunset. The comet will start August in Coma Berenices, left and below the handle of the Big Dipper. It will remain an early evening object, and should still be bright enough to detect with your unaided eyes from a dark site, but is getting dimmer as it moves away from us. Binoculars will give the best views. By August 7, it will be below Arcturus, heading into Virgo by the end of the month.

On August 1, a 97% illuminated Moon will make a nice triangle with Jupiter and Saturn in the southeastern sky. This month is prime time to observe the gas giants.

On August 3, Mars will be at perihelion. Rising between 11 PM and midnight, it is brightening and growing in apparent size as it heads for its close appearance and prime viewing in October. On the night of August 9, it will be in a close pairing with a nearly full Moon.

The annual Perseid Meteor Shower will peak for us on the morning of August 12, but will unfortunately be accompanied by a bright, just past last quarter Moon. It will still be worth looking for fireballs before moonrise on the nights before and after the peak.

At 9:15 PM PDT on August 14, you can catch the shadows of both Io and Ganymede crossing the face of Jupiter. If you miss it, you get another chance at 11:40 PM on August 21, same planet, same moons. You'll need a telescope.

Before dawn on August 15, catch a crescent Moon with brilliant Venus in the eastern sky.

On August 25, between about 4:35 PM and 7 PM, scan the Moon along the terminator to see the Lunar X, formed by the illuminated peaks of intersecting crater walls.

See a dwarf planet in binoculars on the night August 28 as Ceres reaches opposition in Aquarius, at a visual magnitude of about 7.7. Checkskyandtelescope.orgor your favorite planetarium app for a finder chart.

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Midsummer Space Station and August Sights - Santa Barbara Edhat

Did The Vintage Collection Death Star Space Station Get Leaked By Entertainment Earth? – That Hashtag Show

If you are a fan of Hasbros The Vintage Collection line, you might want to take a look at this. In a post on Instagram a few days ago, Entertainment Earth showed some pictures of their finished LEGO Comic Con booth. Well, when you scroll through the two pictures in the post you get a little surprise. There behind some LEGOs, is a Death Star Space Station box. What makes this box interesting is that you can make out part of The Vintage Collection logo on it. You can see the picture from Entertainment Earth below.

While there is no official word on this set, it is enough to get the Vintage Collection fans excited. Do you think we will see the Death Star Space Station Vintage Collection play-set? Well That Hashtag Show wants to hear from you.

You can tell us your thoughts on the Death Star Space Station set by hitting us up on Twitter or myself @starwarsnerd574. You can also join me at the Midwest Star Wars Fanatics fan page to chat all things Star Wars. Also, make sure to stay up to date on all the Star Wars news by following us atThatHashtagShow.com and the Star Wars Fanatics on Facebook. I cant wait to see you all at Celebration 2022.

Retired Army Military Police and Star Wars Nerd. Also a huge collector of Star Wars and Marvel items.

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Did The Vintage Collection Death Star Space Station Get Leaked By Entertainment Earth? - That Hashtag Show

Fabien Cousteau and Yves Bhar Create Proteus, the World’s Largest and Most Advanced Underwater Station – ArchDaily

Fabien Cousteau and Yves Bhar Create Proteus, the World's Largest and Most Advanced Underwater Station

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Bringing together technical experts in different fields to address issues of global importance, Fabien Cousteau, first grandson of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and the Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center (FCOLC) announced the inception of PROTEUS, the worlds most advanced underwater scientific research station and habitat to address humanitys most critical concerns. Conceived as the underwater version of the International Space Station, the project is designed by Yves Behar and fuseproject.

The largest and most technologically advanced underwater station ever built, will put in place state-of-the-art labs, and generate a livable space for scientists to work for long periods of time. Designed by Yves Behar and his team at fuseproject, the project is a permanent underwater station that will advance scientific and oceanic research. In fact, PROTEUS enables the discovery of new species of marine life, creating a better understanding of how climate change affects the Ocean and allowing for testing of advanced technologies for green power, aquaculture, and robotic exploration.

At 4,000 square feet, PROTEUS will be three or four times the size of any previously built submarine habitats. Open to hosting academics, private companies, scientists, and NGOs that are involved in ocean exploration and research and development, PROTEUS can hold up to 12 people at the same time, for a 30-day period, more than any underwater station ever built.

As our life support system, the Ocean is indispensable to solving the planets biggest problems. Challenges created by climate change, rising sea levels, extreme storms and viruses represent a multi-trillion-dollar risk to the global economy. PROTEUS, contemplated as the first in a network of underwater habitats, is essential to driving meaningful solutions to protect the future of our planet. The knowledge that will be uncovered underwater will forever change the way generations of humans live up above. -- Fabien Cousteau.

Envisioned as the first of a series, PROTEUS will be located off the coast of Curacao, in a biodiverse, Marine Protected Area, in the Caribbean, at a depth of approx. 60 feet. Built to last for a certain number of years engineers deem safe and feasible, the Marine Research Platform will enable the advancement of science and oceanic research, focusing also on creating a big impact in ocean conservation, using and promoting renewable clean energy, and food sustainability.

As we look for design solutions to protect ourselves and our world from increasingly harsh climates, it is imperative that we first design new ways to study the sea, states Yves Bhar. Based on the concept of a spiral, the structure is attached to the ocean floor by legs designed to adapt to the variable terrain. A series of modular pods are attached to the main body of PROTEUS and accommodate a variety of uses such as laboratories, sleeping quarters, bathrooms, medical bays, life support systems, and storage. The largest pod contains a moon pool allowing submersibles to dock.

Connected by a spiral ramp, the main spaces of PROTEUS, spread on two levels, include a living room, kitchen, dining, and work areas. Comprising the first underwater greenhouse, residents can grow fresh plant food in order to solve the challenge of not being able to cook with open flames. Addressing the biggest challenges of staying underwater for longer spans of time, PROTEUS puts in place central spaces that can provide physical comfort, social connection, and professional collaboration. Additionally, the station will be designed to gather as much light as possible from windows, on the top, and around the sides of the structure.

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Fabien Cousteau and Yves Bhar Create Proteus, the World's Largest and Most Advanced Underwater Station - ArchDaily

What Does Space Smell Like? ‘Smell of Space’ Perfume Is Finally Here – WTVOX

What does space smell like? Or, better said, does the cosmic space have any smell?

Yes, the outer space does have a smell.

Moreover, you do not have to be a NASA astronaut to experience it!

Thanks to Smell of Space Eau de perfume, you can enjoy it from the comfort of your home.

Before I tell you more about this unique perfume, you have to hear the story behind.

The smell of space quest began when astronauts who have gone on spacewalks, started to speak, on their returns, about spaces unique odour.

Now, astronauts cant smell or taste the space while theyre out and about.

That is because the interior of their spacesuits is sealed.

Even worse, these suits have a profound plastic smell that masks anything else.

However, when the astronauts were removing their helmets once back into the space station they were reporting this strong, characteristic scent of the outer space.

Thomas Jones, former NASA astronaut retired from space flying in 2001, believed the odour was created by atomic oxygen clinging to the fabric of the spacesuit:

When we return to the capsule, the space suits carry a distinct odour. To me, it smells like the ozone odour created by electrical equipment, and somehow similar to burnt gunpowder.

Indeed, according to NASA experts, the space odour adheres to space suits, helmet, gloves, and even to the space tools.

The odour is strong and it can be felt for quite some time.

Back to the actual smell, most astronauts find it difficult to describe.

It is hard to describe the scent of space. It is not the olfactory equivalent to describing the palette sensations of some new food as tastes like chicken, said Don Pettit, a NASA Astronaut on his return from a space mission.

Some say that it smells like burnt steak, others like smoked metal.

It is like something I havent ever smelled before. Maybe a bit like burnt, seared steak, mixed with smoked metal. Hard to describe, however, it is a smell Ill never forget, said NASA Astronaut Kevin Ford.

Others describe the clinging smell as having an intense aroma of hot metal and welding fumes:

To me, the smell of space is metallic. It reminded me of my college summers, where I worked for many hours with an arc welding torch repairing heavy equipment. The smell of space brought back pleasant sweet smelling welding fumes, he added.

Reflecting on the scent felt on his past experiences, Tony Antonelli former NASA Astronaut and space shuttle pilot said:

The smell was strong and unique. Nothing like anything you had ever smelled on Earth before. Like a metallic mixture of other things that I dont know how to describe.

In 2012, NASA decided to find out what makes up the unique space smell, and see if the odour can be recreated on Earth.

For that, NASA hired Steven Pearce, an expert chemist, to isolate the odour and recreate it, here on earth.

One of the reasons was to use the fragrance to train astronauts preparing for further space missions.

Stevens research proved that indeed, the metallic smell of space was caused by high-energy ionic vibrations of oxygen atoms.

The discovery triggered a lot of medical coverage and public desire to experience the smell as well.

Unfortunately, despite having the smell of space isolated and recreated almost a decade ago, NASAs discovery was bureaucratically trapped behind a lot of red tape.

Luckily, after a lot of lobbying and lots of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, a team of experts got their hands on the smell of outer space recipe.

Next step? Create a fragrance that the general public can enjoy as well.

According to the founding team, the tester has a smokey and bitter smell, in a unique combination of seared steak, metal, raspberries, and rum.

The Eau de Space fragrance will be created by a team of award-winning perfumers, fashion, tech, and design professionals.

The fastest way to discover how the space smell is by supporting the Kickstarter project.

The official Kickstarter project page explains:

Decades ago, NASA contracted specialists to developed the smell of space to help train astronauts before launching into orbit, and eliminate surprises they might experience in Outer Space.

In homage to the year the first humans landed on the moon for the first time, the campaign pledged an original sum of $1,969 (1,577).

However, with 20 days still before it ends, the campaign has received almost a half a million GBP.

More precisely, 406,163 from 11,500 supporters from all over the world.

A simple pledge of $29 (about 23) gets you one bottle of Eau de Space.

There are slight discounts if you order in bulk.

For each bottle you order, Eau de Space will match you by donating oneto a K-12 STEM program.

The team behind this unique project has further goals, education-related:

One Eau de Space team does not have plans to mass-produce the scent at the end of this Kickstarter campaign.

Thus, if youre thinking about experiencing the smell of outer space, pledge now, before it is too late!

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What Does Space Smell Like? 'Smell of Space' Perfume Is Finally Here - WTVOX

Russia launches robotic cargo ship on zippy space station delivery mission – Space.com

Editor's note: Progress 76 arrived at the International Space Station today (July 23) at 1:45 p.m. EDT (1745 GMT).

Original story: Five astronauts living in space are preparing to welcome a new shipment of supplies after a successful evening launch from Kazakhstan of an uncrewed Russian Progress cargo vehicle.

The mission, dubbed Progress 76, blasted off on a Russian Soyuz rocket today (July 23) from Russia's workhorse launch site, Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan at 7:26 p.m. local time (10:26 a.m. EDT, 1426 GMT). The capsule carried 2.7 tons (2,500 kilograms) of supplies for the two Russian cosmonauts and three NASA astronauts currently working on the International Space Station.

"The Progress is now in its preliminary orbit, having completed a flawless climb to orbit following an on-time launch," NASA spokesperson Rob Navias said during a live broadcast of the launch. "Everything went by the book in this morning's launch of the Progress to the International Space Station."

Related: How Russia's Progress spaceships work (infographic)

After the picture-perfect launch, the Progress capsule embarked on a speedy, two-orbit trip to the space station. The cargo ship is scheduled to arrive today at 1:47 p.m. EDT (1747 GMT); NASA TV's coverage of the docking, which you can watch on Space.com, will begin at 1 p.m. EDT (1700 GMT).

All told, the shipment includes about 1,100 lbs. (500 kg) of fuel, 220 lbs. (100 kg) of air, 930 lbs. (420 kg) of water and 2,350 lbs. (1,070 kg) of spare parts and other dry goods, NASA spokesperson Rob Navias told Space.com by email before the launch.

Photo Guide: The International Space Station's robotic cargo ship fleet

Progress 76 is scheduled to remain docked to the space station for more than four months, until early December, when it will deorbit and safely burn up in Earth's atmosphere.

During its stay at the orbiting lab, it will see the end of a milestone mission called Demo-2, which sent two NASA astronauts to space for two months on board a commercial spaceship, SpaceX's Crew Dragon, for the first time in history. Progress 76 should also see the arrival of the next Crew Dragon flight, carrying three NASA astronauts and one Japanese astronaut, currently scheduled for late September.

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Russia launches robotic cargo ship on zippy space station delivery mission - Space.com

How About a Space Station at the Bottom of the Ocean? – Popular Mechanics

Rendering by Yves Bhar/Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center

Jacques Cousteaus grandson is pushing for the construction of a real-life Sealab 2021. The proposed undersea laboratory is so foreign to our idea of marine studies that its being likened to a space station thats also under the ocean.

The station is named Proteus, not for the changing nature of matter (like a new uncuttable material with the same name), but for the shepherd of the sea. By placing a station 60 feet underwater around the Caribbean island of Curacao, sponsoring Northeastern University says it can reduce divers high amount of overhead time and reduce the danger of nitrogen-induced health effects.

If research divers can live on a facility at the same depth they plan to study, they can dive in and out without needing to make depressurizing pitstops and the other precautions that protect their health. That means with just one adjustment at the beginning and one at the end, researchers can spend weeks making hands-on exploration and research their full-time job.

While Sealab 2021 is an obvious joke, stations like this do already exist. Many of the researchers involved in Proteus also studied in a facility called Aquariusthe zodiac water sign representing a constellation named for a person carrying water. Northeastern University sponsored a 31-day mission at Aquarius in 2014.

Mark Patterson, associate dean for research and graduate affairs in Northeasterns College of Science, is a seasoned diver with nearly three months of living under the ocean in these conditions. He says in a statement:

The plans arent finalized by any means. Theyre ambitious and will require a multidisciplinary team of researchers and funding partners. But the scope of their ambition is part of the appeal. Although the designs are not set in stone, it is planned to be four times larger than any previous underwater habitat, with space for research labs, sleeping quarters, an underwater greenhouse, and a video production facility to livestream educational programming, Northeastern says.

This idea sounds ambitious, but not revolutionary or anything ... right? Its a laboratory under the water. People stay in it. But in the nearly 60 years since the first underwater habitat of this kind, Poseidon Resorts explains, there have been just 70 total ambient pressure habitats. Just two operate today, the Aquarius facility (run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the iconic kitsch masterpiece Jules Undersea Lodge.

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Jules, named for Jules Verne of course, began life as a modular undersea laboratory for study in Puerto Rico. Since then, its spent decades as a single hotel room kept at the bottom of relatively shallow waters off Key Largo at the top of the Florida Keys. Guests dive in and approach from the bottom, a familiar setup to viewers of SeaQuest.

By comparison to the ambitious plans for Proteus, Aquarius and the much-earlier (and originally named) La Chalupa help to form a timeline of research facility progress. Researchers broke the world record for time lived underwater in a building at Jules in 2014. Hopefully, some brave and well-trained new researchers will be able to take the plunge soon.

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How About a Space Station at the Bottom of the Ocean? - Popular Mechanics

#SpaceWatchGL Opinion: The future of the International Space Station – SpaceWatch.Global

by Jose Salgado

Orbiting 400 km above us lies the most expensive man-made object ever built, the International Space Station (ISS). At a cost of more than $160 billion, its first module was launched into space in 1998, and the stations first version was completed in 2011.

NASA is the main supporter of the ISS, with an investment of more than $100 billion and a yearly operating cost from $3 to $4 billion, but such support might end by 2024, as the US government seeks to redirect funding to other missions like Artemis (lunar exploration) and Gateway (station in lunar orbit).

What will happen to the ISS if NASA stops funding? It might become a space hotel, at least that could be one of the options included in a broader strategy from the agency to fully privatize the ISS.On June 7, 2019, the agency announced its plan to open the ISS to expand commercial activities, making available 5% of the stations resources for commercial non-R&D.

Private space travelAn interesting aspect of the NASA directive is the emphasis on private-astronaut missions. The Commercial and Marketing Pricing Policy even lists the price of regenerative life-support and toilet use ($11,250 per day) as well as a data downlink ($50 per GB). Another highlight of the plan is the possibility to use up to 90 hours of an ISS crew members time for marketing purposes. This means that you can buy astronaut-time at a rate of $17,500 per hour for advertising.

But probably the most notorious element of NASAs strategy is the opening of ISS docking ports for commercial modules. This was good news for Axiom Space. In February 2020, NASA selected the Houston-based company to provide at least one habitable commercial module to be attached to the station.

According to Michael Lpez-Alegra, former NASA astronaut and Axioms VP of Business Development, Receiving exclusive permission from NASA to attach to the ISS was a turning-point that has resulted in a large windfall of additional investor interest. We plan to open our Series B round soon.

With a launching date scheduled in 2024, Axioms mission is to build the worlds first internationally-available commercial space station, to eventually succeed the ISS upon its retirement. In the short term, the companys clients will be professional astronauts coming from countries that either do not have a human spaceflight program, or those that do but dont have as much access to the ISS as they would like. In the long-term (after the ISS retirement), additional clients will be those countries that want to continue their activities in LEO. The research customers will likely mirror those of the ISS today.

We see large growth in the in-space manufacturing market, and also high demand from corporate brand and media companies. adds Lpez-Alegra, concluding that there is a robust market for private astronauts.Thanks to a contract with SpaceX, Axiom currently offers an eight-day round-trip to the International Space Station for only $55 million, including training, crew provisions and safety certifications.

About Jose Salgado:

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#SpaceWatchGL Opinion: The future of the International Space Station - SpaceWatch.Global

Watch two astronauts take a milestone spacewalk outside the International Space Station right now! – Space.com

NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy and Bob Behnken are about to emerge back in the black.

The spacewalking duo will make a fourth excursion outside the International Space Station (ISS) for Expedition 63 Today (July 21), and you can watch the entire thing live here on Space.com, courtesy of NASA TV, or directly via the agency's website. The spacewalk began at 7:12 a.m. EDT (1112 GMT).

Both astronauts, about to embark on their 10th career spacewalk each and the 300th spacewalk involving NASA astronauts, zoomed so far ahead of schedule during their last extravehicular activity on Thursday (July 16) that they are all done with the scheduled battery replacement work expected of them on July 21.

Related: NASA jettisons Apollo moon landing stats to reach 300th American spacewalk

During their spacewalks together, the astronauts continued ongoing work to swap 48 aging nickel-hydrogen batteries on the International Space Station's solar arrays for 24 more efficient lithium-ion batteries, which should keep the station powered until at least 2024. After today's spacewalk, only one more lithium-ion battery needs to be installed to complete the 3.5-year upgrade performed by several crews. The battery's install date hasn't been announced yet.

With the battery work largely finished, NASA's ISS blog reports, Behnken and Cassidy are expected to service the station's starboard truss structure, where the new batteries are located. They will also do some work to the U.S. Tranquility module to get it ready for a new commercial airlock from NanoRacks that will support future commercial modules. (The airlock will be delivered later this year via a SpaceX flight).

It will be a busy couple of weeks at the International Space Station after this spacewalk is over, the blog adds.

Russia is scheduled to launch a Progress resupply ship on Thursday (July 23) at 10:26 a.m. EDT (1426 GMT or 8:26 p.m. local time in Baikonur, Kazakhstan). On board the spacecraft will be nearly three tons of food, fuel and supplies for the Expedition 63 crew, and it is expected to dock with the space station 3.5 hours after launch.

About a week later, Behnken and Expedition 63 crewmate Doug Hurley will depart the station on a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft. SpaceX and NASA are planning to bring the crew back to Earth on Aug. 1, weather depending. If all goes to plan, they will splash down 19 hours after undocking, on Aug. 2, off the Gulf coast of Florida. They became the first astronauts launched to orbit on a commercial crew vehicle on May 30.

Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Watch two astronauts take a milestone spacewalk outside the International Space Station right now! - Space.com