He just doesnt give up, does he? Self-proclaimed creator of Bitcoin, Craig Wright, now appears willing to testify under oath that he is Satoshi Nakamoto. Or thats the conclusion Ran NeuNer draws, following Wrightsresponse to a comment request from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

In December 2018, the CFTC published a Request For Input (RFI) on Crypto-Assets Mechanics and Markets. This was primarily to understand more about Ethereum, and the differences between Ether and Bitcoin. As the CFTC is a federal agency, responses to RFIs should be well, not fraudulent, at any rate.

On 15th February 2019, Wright posted his response, introducing himself and stating:

under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto I completed a project I started in 1997 that was filed with the Australian government as BlackNet.

He goes on to claim that the amount of misunderstanding and fallacious information around blockchain systems (including Ethereum) has resulted in his decision to become more public.

It isnt particularly relevant to the RFI, really serving only to repeat the claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto albeit in a Federal forum.

At this point, Wrights claims are becoming a farce of Monty Pythons Life Of Brian proportions. After he first came out as Satoshi Nakamoto, and the crypto-world widely coughed *bullshit* under its breath, he let it lie.

But now frontrunning his own project Bitcoin SV (Satoshis Vision), his alleged amendments to historical documents seems to be going into overdrive. Only last week he was pulled up by WikiLeaks for altering a 2008 blog-post to make it look like hed been working on crypto back then.

Mere hours prior, he was accused of using aforged a 2001 research paperas evidence of his lineage. It was a word-for-word copy of the October 2008 Bitcoin whitepaper. It even already had amendments that he (as Satoshi Nakamoto) made from the August 2008 draft of the same document. Oops Or perhaps incredibly prescient?

Now, its alleged that even his 1997 BlackNet project was being worked on by Tim May several years before that.

Just imagine, if all of this time, Wright has been telling the truth. What would the consequences of that be?

Obviously, Wright is such an unpopular figure that we arent all going to start believing (and investing) in Bitcoin SV. Although one can only imagine that this is the point of all this alleged forgery.

Why carefully protect your identity only to then come out to the world via GQ telling the critics to piss off! and reminding entire countries that hes got more money than them?

But would we all eschew Bitcoin if we found out that he had actually been the inventor?

No, of course not. Even Coldplay had a decent single before they sunk into the mire of smug, self-satisfied, insipid, irrelevance that they became. And we can still listen to that as long as nobody else finds out.

What do you think of Wrights latest claims? Share your thoughts below!

Images courtesy of Shutterstock, Bitcoinist archives

See the article here:

Will The Real Satoshi Nakamoto Please Stand Up - bitcoinist.com

Mike Nudelman/Business Insider

Satoshi Nakamoto, the person who created the digital currency Bitcoin, is our person of the year.

Don't laugh.

Although to this day no one knows who Satoshi Nakamoto is (or are for the latest theoriescheck out Chart Girl's running chart) Bitcoin evangelists make the case that his true identity doesn't matter: what he's created is changing the world.

It's an assertion you hear a lot in the arts world too: you should know the man (or men, or woman there's nothing to suggest Satoshi couldn't be one) by their works, not their biography.

This is a convincing argument.

Bitcoin wasn't the first digital currency ( think World of Warcraft ), and, as we've documented , wasn't the last.

But Satoshi managed to come up with something that is simply more farsighted and bulletproof than anything else, combining the best features of existing digital coins while adding his own perfections.

In particular, he addressed one of the biggest problems in online transactions: fraud. In the real world, it's the job of a centralized authority to prevent that from happening. But Satoshi figured out a workaround by cutting out that middleman: just make all transactions public, and have the entire community confirm a transaction is legit. "We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust," Satoshi wrote in his 2008 spec paper laying out the currency a line which, it now seems, will echo through generations.

Perhaps his most brilliant idea was making sure you couldn't hack the ability to create excess Bitcoins. Bitcoins are "mined" by computers unscrambling blocks of "hashes" or complex strings of numbers and letters. Satoshi's solution was to continuously increase the difficulty of unscrambling the hashes as more Bitcoins were created. As he wrote, " To compensate for increasing hardware speed ... the proof-of-work difficulty [the unscrambling] is determined by a moving average targeting an average number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too fast, the difficulty increases."

Even the folks behind hashcash, an early digital currency which Satoshi admits he was inspired by, had to admit Bitcoin was "an extremely clever innovation and invention," and "a first."

But why is Bitcoin such a big deal?Bank of America analyst David Woo's recent note best boiled down Bitcoin's three main uses: as a store of value, like gold; as a way to buy stuff online, andas a means for remitting money. And in most instances it's cheaper, easier, and more secure to do all these things with Bitcoin. The first two have been occurring since Bitcoin's birth, and the advent of the last one is imminent. In absolute dollar terms, Bitcoin has already surpassed Western Union for transaction volume, and is nipping at the heels of PayPal.

Of course this is all entirely subjective, and even Bitcoin's most passionate evangelists don't rule out that some technological or regulatory catastrophe could cause its value to plunge to zero.

When we decided to name Satoshi "Person of the Year," we considered who and what else has changed society in the past 12 months. We respect the actual choice made by Time Pope Francis has a clear set of goals, is hyper aware of the issues of the day, and really lives his religion.

Obviously, though, we have a business bias. We were not about to give the title to Paul Volcker, whose rule, while extremely meaningful, does not possess the same kind of worldwide reach as Bitcoin. Ben Bernanke could have gotten it (and possibly the Nobel Peace Prize) every year since 2009, but consecutive years of basically doing the same great stuff rules him out for 2013. Carl Icahn made an extremely impressive case for putting the fear of god into companies, but he is not quite a household name.

Neither, of course, is Satoshi. But what were you talking more about over cranberry and stuffing a few weeks ago: Carl Icahn's Tweets? Or regrets about having not gotten in on Bitcoin sooner?

One final use of Bitcoin that is often under-discussed: its use as a solution for the "unbanked," or people without access to financial instruments. As with everything Bitcoin, this may seem far-fetched at first blush. How could people who may lack access to the Internet use Bitcoin? But investors have made the case that these communities would use their cell phones which are widespread in the developing world as the primary medium through which these people would interact with the currency. Possessing the ability to securely send and receive funds from your pocket is a big deal for someone without access to a bank account.

If that takes hold, Bitcoin could even begin nibbling at inequality something Pope Francis could respect.

Get the latest Bitcoin price here.>>

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Satoshi Nakamoto Person Of The Year - Business Insider

Everyone knows Satoshi Nakamoto invented Bitcoin, and yet no one knows the true identity of the personor personsbehind the name.

Instead, were reduced to guesswork. As youd expect, a few potential candidates top the list. Heres our take on the situation.

Nick Szabo is many peoples most likely contender to be Satoshi Nakamoto.

The most commonly cited piece of evidence in the case for Nick Szabo is his work on Bit Gold. Designed in 1998, Szabos idea is credited with laying the groundwork for Bitcoin.

Bit Gold was a decentralized digital currency. Like Bitcoin, it relied on computer power to solve cryptographic puzzles. The answer would then form part of the question of the next puzzle, thus removing the danger of double spending. The currency was never implemented.

I was trying to mimic as closely as possible in cyberspace the security and trust characteristics of gold, and chief among those is that it doesnt depend on a trusted central authority.

The big clue came in spring 2008. Szabo posted a message on his personal blog in which he rekindled the idea of Bit Gold and put out an open plea for people to help him build it.

[Bit Gold] would greatly benefit from a demonstration [in] an experimental market . . . Anybody want to help me code one up?

The post initially went live on 17 May. Szabo later changed the date on his own site to show December, but you can still see the original on archive.org.

Bitcoins whitepaper was published on 31 October, and Nakamoto mined the genesis block on 3 January 2009.

It is also known that Szabo was interested in using pseudonyms as long ago as October 1993. You can still read an old message thread on cypherpunks.venona.com, in which he says:

Ive had several years to establish a net.reputation for Nick Szabo, and it might take a long time for any of my pseudonyms to catch up.

Szabo was born and raised California and graduated from the University of Washington. It would be fair to assume, therefore, that he would use American English spellings and phrases in his work.

In practice, there are numerous examples of British Englishboth in the original whitepaper and in Bitcoins code.

In the whitepaper, -our (for example, favourite) spellings are common. Theres also references to maths instead of math and flat instead of apartment. In the code itself (and in forum postings on Bitcointalk.org, Nakamoto uses the British colloquialism bloody hard on several occasions.

Finallyin what will become a reoccurring themeSzabo himself has repeatedly denied any suggestion that is Nakamoto.

The second candidate on our list is Hal Finney. Finney sadly passed away from ALS 2014.

Finney received the first ever Bitcoin transaction from Nakamoto.

Some people have speculated that Nakamoto was a secondary account that Finney used to distance himself from his creation. He was also the first person other than Nakamoto to file bug reports and exchanged numerous emails with Szabo.

In more recent times, handwriting studies that compared Finneys work and that of the purported Nakamoto have shown considerable correlation.

But perhaps the most compelling evidence of all is the presence of a man named Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto who lived just blocks from Finneys residence.

Around the time of Bitcoins launch (and remember, in the midst of the fallout from the 2008 financial crash), Dorian Nakamotos home was being foreclosed by a bank. It seems highly possible that Nakamotos name provided Finney with the inspiration for the name of the symbolic anti-establishment figurehead of the coin.

When asked, Dorian Nakamoto denied all knowledge of Bitcoin:

I have nothing to do with Bitcoin. I never worked for the company, I dont know any people there, I never had a contract there or anything like that. I wasnt even aware of the product.

Prior to his death, Finney said in a blog post that he was still unsure of Nakamotos true identity.

I thought I was dealing with a young man of Japanese ancestry who was very smart and sincere. Ive had the good fortune to know many brilliant people over the course of my life, so I recognize the signs.

The British question also raises its head again. Hal Finney was born in California and studied at the California Institute of Technology. It is unlikely he would use British-isms in his day-to-day life.

A couple of other peoples names pop up occasionally, but the cases are not as compelling.

In December 2015, both Gizmodo and Wired published independent investigations that claimed Australian Craig Wright was the creator of Bitcoin.

Wright immediately confessed and appeared to provide cryptographic proof of the claims. A closer analysis of the claims, however, raised significant question marks.

Its now widely accepted that Wrights confession was an elaborate hoax.

The final candidate is Wei Dai. Dai had been part of several crypto projects before Bitcoin, including b-moneyan anonymous, distributed electronic cash system that was referenced in the Bitcoin whitepaper.

Dai has also been name-dropped by both Szabo and Finney during interviews. In a post on his own website, Szabo said the following:

Myself, Wei Dai, and Hal Finney were the only people I know of who liked the idea (or in Dais case his related idea) enough to pursue it to any significant extent until Nakamoto.

Once again, Dai has denied all the speculation. Heres what he said in a post on lesswrong.com:

My understanding is that the creator of Bitcoin, who goes by the name Satoshi Nakamoto, didnt even read my article before reinventing the idea himself. He learned about it afterward and credited me in his paper. So, my connection with the project is quite limited.

Okay, so what do the rest of the BlocksDecoded team think? Lets ask them.

I think its Hal Finney, or hes at least heavily involved with the group that identifies as Nakamoto. The fact that his handwriting is so similar (and its been compared in true Unabomber style) is quite compelling.

I think its a combination of Szabo and Finney, and maybe others. There are just too many coincidences for it to be anyone else.

Any myself? I think it was a joint project between Finney and Szabo.

The British vernacular can be explained away with Szabos love of pseudonyms; a time zone analysis showed that Nakamoto made almost no posts on Bitcointalk.org made between 10 pm and 4 am in California, suggesting a presence on the U.S. west coast.

The name has surely come from Finney.

Who do you think is Satoshi Nakamoto? Was it Hal Finney, Nick Szabo, or a well-mannered Japanese man with bizarre sleeping patterns?!

Let us know in the comments below.

Originally posted here:

Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto? The Top 4 Candidates Revealed ...

He just doesnt give up, does he? Self-proclaimed creator of Bitcoin, Craig Wright, now appears willing to testify under oath that he is Satoshi Nakamoto. Or thats the conclusion Ran NeuNer draws, following Wrightsresponse to a comment request from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).

In December 2018, the CFTC published a Request For Input (RFI) on Crypto-Assets Mechanics and Markets. This was primarily to understand more about Ethereum, and the differences between Ether and Bitcoin. As the CFTC is a federal agency, responses to RFIs should be well, not fraudulent, at any rate.

On 15th February 2019, Wright posted his response, introducing himself and stating:

under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto I completed a project I started in 1997 that was filed with the Australian government as BlackNet.

He goes on to claim that the amount of misunderstanding and fallacious information around blockchain systems (including Ethereum) has resulted in his decision to become more public.

It isnt particularly relevant to the RFI, really serving only to repeat the claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto albeit in a Federal forum.

At this point, Wrights claims are becoming a farce of Monty Pythons Life Of Brian proportions. After he first came out as Satoshi Nakamoto, and the crypto-world widely coughed *bullshit* under its breath, he let it lie.

But now frontrunning his own project Bitcoin SV (Satoshis Vision), his alleged amendments to historical documents seems to be going into overdrive. Only last week he was pulled up by WikiLeaks for altering a 2008 blog-post to make it look like hed been working on crypto back then.

Mere hours prior, he was accused of using aforged a 2001 research paperas evidence of his lineage. It was a word-for-word copy of the October 2008 Bitcoin whitepaper. It even already had amendments that he (as Satoshi Nakamoto) made from the August 2008 draft of the same document. Oops Or perhaps incredibly prescient?

Now, its alleged that even his 1997 BlackNet project was being worked on by Tim May several years before that.

Just imagine, if all of this time, Wright has been telling the truth. What would the consequences of that be?

Obviously, Wright is such an unpopular figure that we arent all going to start believing (and investing) in Bitcoin SV. Although one can only imagine that this is the point of all this alleged forgery.

Why carefully protect your identity only to then come out to the world via GQ telling the critics to piss off! and reminding entire countries that hes got more money than them?

But would we all eschew Bitcoin if we found out that he had actually been the inventor?

No, of course not. Even Coldplay had a decent single before they sunk into the mire of smug, self-satisfied, insipid, irrelevance that they became. And we can still listen to that as long as nobody else finds out.

What do you think of Wrights latest claims? Share your thoughts below!

Images courtesy of Shutterstock, Bitcoinist archives

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Will The Real Satoshi Nakamoto Please Stand Up No, Sit Down ...

Photo: QuoteInspector

The blockchain technology that underpins a digital alternative to fiat money has been successfully implemented into numerous projects starting from a virtual supply chain to seamless cross-border transactions executed on the immutable ledger. However, despite the growing popularity of blockchain and its underlying assets, a name of the first-node creator Satoshi Nakamoto still has not been disposed to a wide audience.

Nevertheless, lots of wanna-be Bitcoin creators have been reassuring the crypto-community to trust in their prominent identity. Yet until today, the original Bitcoins that have been mined by Nakamoto in the earliest days of the cryptocurrency are lost in the realm of the blockchain.

One of the most known self-proclaimed version of Satoshi Nakamoto, an Australian scientist named Craig Wright pronounced himself the Bitcoin creator back in 2016. Since that time there was no clarity in crypto-community and while some approve Wright of his claims, the majority still doubt his bold statement.

Given the absence of straightforward evidence, no one can be sure that Wright is a fraud, however, some found that his judgment of the Bitcoins biggest competitor, Ethereum blockchain, is pretty biased. Speaking of his trenchant adversary with Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin, several times Wright publicly went sharp on Ethereum blaming the blockchain of serious security breaches and limited scalability. Responding to that claims Buterin called Wright a fraud that has no real access to any of the Bitcoins original mining pools.

Until today Wright was waiting for the right moment to pay Buterin back with his roughest critique of the Ethereum blockchain that now is being considered by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Last year the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, also known as CFTC, announced that it requests possible input on the Ethereum blockchain and its native token Ether. This sort of poll was conducted in a bid to get a better grasp of the revolutionizing technology while evaluating public feedback on the matter.

Taking this chance to pour his train of thoughts onto the Ethereums discouraging nature, Wright has submitted his report on the blockchain putting the major focus on its drawbacks in comparison to Bitcoin. He said:

Ethereum is a poorly designed copy of bitcoin designed with the purpose of completing the promise of smart contracts and scripting that were delivered within bitcoin but which were hobbled by the core developers of bitcoin who sought to enable anonymous transactions to exist within the system.

Going further he stressed that the Ethereum network cannot scale and it has already reached its computational limits. Wrights suggests that Ethereum is effective only being used to raise capital using illegal bucket shops that are designed in such a way that they can deceive nontechnical parties. In contrast to Bitcoin that according to Wright can handle unlimited scaling while leaving simple verifications on a chain that allows a system to scale globally and deliver a distributed computational method.

After all, Wright signed his paperwork as Satoshi Nakamoto asserting the commission that the Bitcoin project started in 1997 was filed with the Australian government in part under an AusIndustry project registered with the Dept. of Innovation as BlackNet.

So far zero comments have been received from the Ethereums official representatives.

Read more:

Fake Satoshi Nakamoto Craig Wright Rats Out Ethereum Trying ...

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

Is he from Japan and is it even a he? Or maybe the creator of Bitcoin is a woman? Or maybe both, and Satoshi Nakamoto is the name of a group of people? No one knows.

Nonetheless, we can be sure about two things: Satoshi Nakamoto is a pseudonym and the individual or group of individuals that have used it created something genius, the first blockchain powering Bitcoin.

Multiple people have been suspected of being Satoshi Nakamoto; however, none have been able to convince the crypto community. It could be that Nakamotos true identity will always remain a mystery, which is something poetic, especially when looking at the rising value and impact of Bitcoin.

It was 2008 and the world was in shock because of yet another major crisis caused by the global financial industry.

Coincidentally, a technology with the power to disrupt this industry had been in the making. Nakamoto is said to have been working on the Bitcoin system since 2007. Once he felt confident enough about his idea, he started contacting cryptographers through a cryptography mailing list and he started discussing his idea, asking for feedback and looking for general assistance.

In the beginning of 2009, Nakamoto released an academic paper, or a white paper, in which he described his envisioned system in detail. After this, he started running the code for Bitcoin and began testing the technology.

Both the paper and the initial code were highly respected by field experts, who started to realize Nakamoto was working on something potentially world-changing. They started to help Bitcoin progress and evolve, and more people joined ranks.

As soon as Bitcoin got the attention of the mass media, it was discarded as something used for illegal transactions, fueled by the acceptance of Bitcoin by Silk Road and Wikileaks.

However, over time, more and more people started to realise the true potential of Bitcoin and a whole new industry emerged: an industry ignited by the invention of an unknown party.

So what do we know about Satoshi Nakamoto?

Although nobody has ever claimed to have actually spoken to Nakamoto, there has been plenty of online communications with him. He reached out to cryptographers and developers and communicated with individuals that helped him in the development of his creation.

From all of these chats, it can be concluded that Nakamoto was highly protective of his identity. He never spoke about anything personal and never revealed anything that could be used to identify him.

When he was asked about this, he indicated that he wanted to remain anonymous so that his invention and the creator would be completely separate. This fits the decentralised nature of Bitcoin and blockchain, as there is no central authority. He understood that once Bitcoin received mainstream attention, his persona would be linked to the technology which would only devalue his creation.

There are some things Nakamoto communicated that are worth mentioning. For instance, he made a request to Wikileaks not to accept Bitcoin as it was still in its infancy and the nature of Wikileaks would draw a lot of negative attention and forces to Bitcoin. Wikileaks followed this advice and held off using Bitcoin until it was more stable. Accepting Bitcoin turned out to be very profitable forWikileaks.

He also left a message open to interpretation in the first Bitcoin block ever to be mined. In this block, he entered the text The Times, 3 January 2009, Chancellor on brink of second bailout for bank. Theres been a lot of speculation about the meaning of this; however, since Bitcoin is a means of financial transactions and value storage, its likely a criticism on the very industry Bitcoin is currently disrupting.

In 2010, Nakamoto retreated from the online world. His last email was to Gavin Andresen, a software developer with which Nakamoto communicated and who has been highly involved in the further development of Bitcoin. Andresen replied that he was going to explain Bitcoin to the CIA, after which nothing was ever heard from Nakamoto again.

Even though it is obvious the architect of Bitcoin doesnt want to be known, the world has not stopped trying to identify him. This continuous quest seems rather pointless as someone with such deep understanding of complex cryptography and technology is very likely capable of remaining anonymous.

It is also believed that the name Satoshi Nakamoto has a meaning, for when you loosely translate the name from Japanese, you get:

Satoshi clear thinking

Naka inside

Moto foundation

On a forum on which Satoshi Nakamoto was active, the profile states that he is a 41 year old male Japanese.

Its hard to believe that any of this is true. Although many still believe Nakamoto to be Japanese, there is a lot of evidence to the contrary. His online activity was mainly during US daytime and the original Bitcoin client ran in English. Reportedly, Nakamoto hired third parties to translate this Bitcoin client to Japanese.

The excessive complexities Satoshi Nakamoto faced and overcame when developing Bitcoin give rise to the idea that it was actually created by a group of people. Bitcoin has been up and running for over 8 years now and we still havent been able to identify one person to thank for it, let alone multiple persons.

Over the years, 4 people have been believed to be Satoshi Nakamoto. Most of the evidence have been circumstantial and the Australian former academic Craig Wright, who claimed to be Nakamoto, failed twice to provide convincing evidence. With the years passing by, the chances of uncovering Nakamotos true identity grow smaller.

In fact, it can be argued that the identity of Nakamoto doesnt really matter. As Nakamoto stated, we should see the invention separate from the inventor. Bitcoin and blockchain are decentralised and owned by the network, meaning there are no central figures. The code is out and open sourced and Nakamoto is unable to control this anyway.

What does matter is the fact that Nakamoto owns about 1 million Bitcoins, and a similar amount of the forked coins, with a combined value of approximately $6.5 billion. This is because in Bitcoins early stages, he mined Bitcoin by himself. Knowing that there are about 16.5 million Bitcoins on in circulation, this means that Nakamoto owns 1/16th of the market. It makes you wonder, what will Nakamoto use this for?

All in all, the legend of Satoshi Nakamoto is a beautiful mystery that suits the complex and disruptive nature of Bitcoin and blockchain. And youll never know maybe, when Nakamotos vision has come true, the true identity of Bitcoins creator(s) will be revealed.

More here:

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? - Invest in Blockchain

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? Satoshi Nakamoto is the founder of Bitcoin and the initial creator of the original Bitcoin client. He has said in a P2P foundation profile that he is from Japan. Beyond that, not much else is known about him or his identity. He has been working on the Bitcoin project since 2007. The smallest unit of measure in bitcoin has been named in honor of Satoshi.

In November of 2009, Satoshi created one of the most disruptive experiments in human history when he published a white paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. This new design would allow two (or more) parties to transact value without the need for a trusted third party. This has immense implications for global trade but the trusted third parties that have been in the middle of every financial transaction for centuries are not so happy about such an invention. This has put Satoshi at the top of the wanted list of the legacy banking cartels.

When Satoshi published this paper, he published a model that would change the world forever. The world finally had a mechanism for people and institutions to create privately issued money but even more importantly, bitcoin was the blueprint for creating bits of information that cannot be duplicated or counterfeit. This is why bitcoin is capable of functioning as money. Satoshis new invention will create a number of problems for governments and banks around the world which is likely why he has kept his identity a secret.

Ever since bitcoin has found its use as a safe haven asset around the world, Satoshi has gone into hiding and the search for his true identity continues.

In 2013, Newsweek received some sort of anonymous tip that a man named Dorian Nakamoto was living in California and was remotely associated with some sort of cryptographic work for the government a couple years prior. Thanks to todays poor journalism and everyones lust to be the first to publish a story, Dorian was dragged into the spotlight as being Satoshi Nakamoto. It was later proven false but Dorians face is still often used in bitcoin memes. There was even an art piece auctioned off to help him and his family with legal damage created by Newsweeks careless journalism.

In December of 2015, the search for Satoshi seemed to take yet another turn when an Australian computer scientist named Craig Wright was outed as being Satoshi. It didnt take long for freelance journalists to swarm his Brisbane residence to completely invade his privacy looking for answers. Since he has fallen into the public spotlight, he has actually made claims that he is, in fact, Satoshi Nakamoto only to be mathematically eliminated as a fraud for not supplying a key signature that Satoshi is known to control. In short, hes a fraud.

Since nobody knows Satoshis real identity or background, there have been a number of conspiracy theories that have surfaced. Some theories suggest that he is a member of the new world order and published bitcoin to create a one world money that the NWO will use to control the entire planet while other theories suggest that he is a former government employee who went rogue and released a cryptographic software system that the government had been using for years called blockchain. We may never know for sure but the search will likely continue as long as some people still care.

One of the first conspiracy theories was that Satoshi is actually a consortium of bankers who are working to establish a new world order. The anonymous creator is not actually a single individual but rather a group of banksters who published the bitcoin white paper to establish a global control of money and unleash the mark of the beast on the world. This is likely not the case since the bitcoin code is open source for all to view and can be changed. This makes it very difficult to control by any central power.

Another Conspiracy theory is that Satoshi was working for the NSA and had been part of a project that was using a technology that was incredibly secure because it wasnt centralized and required very complex cryptography to operate. Satoshi stole this model and altered it so that it could be used by the people rather than being monopolized by the government. After he figured out a feasible way to make it work as a peer-to-peer network, he published the Bitcoin White Paper to get some tech experts to fine tune it. Ever since it began to catch on, Satoshi has been forced into hiding for fear of being exposed and sentenced to torture or even death.

These are only a couple conspiracies but as time goes on, there will only be more crazy ideas that get added to the mix. Check back here from time to time to learn more about Satoshi Nakamoto.

What is a bitcoin term that you would like us to further define for you? Let us know with a comment below or a tweet @WhatIsBitcoin.

Read more:

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? - What is Bitcoin?

Satoshi Nakamoto has been a mysterious figure since the inception of the paperless e-currency known today as Bitcoin (BTC). After his disappearance in December 2010, many were left to speculate as to who he was and why he left.

Well, Satoshi NakamotosP2P profile has come to life with one update. The update is just the word nour with quotation marks included.

Back in 2014, his email that was associated with Satoshis P2P profile was compromised. This could be a continuation of that potential hack, or perhaps it is something else. Maybe Satoshi has decided to make an appearance, but it may be too far-fetched. If he/she/they were to come back, why now? Why on a platform that had been hacked previously?

We tried to contact Satoshi on his e-mail but received an automated error message which points out that the address is inactive. This might suggest that the P2P Foundation account has been compromised by becoming associated with another e-mail account. In this situation, its even harder to tell who is behind this obscure and incomprehensible message.

This could be the action of that same hacker that was there in 2014, or perhaps it is something else maybe Satoshi is coming back to set the record straight once and for all!

Crypto Insider will pay close attention to the activity of Satoshi Nakamotos P2P account and report any update.

If you or someone you know has information about this latest profile update please email [emailprotected] with the subject Satoshi

Here is the original post:

Satoshi Nakamoto's profile updated 2018! | Crypto Insider

Satoshi Nakamoto The Bitcoin (BTC) Enigma

Ten years ago, sequestered away from the outside world, Satoshi Nakamoto, the individual or group responsible for Bitcoin, mined the first block ever on the nascent network. And while the networks origins were nothing spectacular as rumor has it that the creator processed blocks with a mere desktop, which probably ran loud and was poorly insulated a revolutionary force was set in motion nonetheless.

Bitcoins creator acknowledged the potential paradigm-shifting power of their innovation, transcoding a pertinent headline from British newspaper The Times into the Genesis Blocks coinbase the input value for the block generating transaction. Nakamoto never explicitly stated the reason behind the headline, which read Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks, but many believers in this innovation claim that it was an evident jab at centralized financial systems. So, it has become widely agreed that this wasnt any old headline snagged from one of the internets thousands of RSS feeds, thats for sure.

Yet, while Bitcoin has undoubtedly had a resounding impact on global finance, and will likely continue to move into the future, no one knows who or what exactly Satoshi is. Still, Worth Magazine, an American publication centered around the business and finance world, mentioned him/her/they in their Power 100 list for 2018. More specifically, they named the Bitcoin creator as the 44th most powerful person in finance.

Nakamoto was placed in front of Steven Cohen, Bernie Sanders, Presidential hopeful Elizabeth Warren, Kelly Loeffler (wed to the CEO of the Intercontinental Exchange) of Bakkt, Carl Icahn, Nasdaqs Adena Friedman, Bitcoin advocate Mohamed El-Erian, pro-crypto Marc Andreessen, prominent business journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin, Mark Zuckerberg, and dozens of others on this well-respected list of influential heavyweights.

And while Satoshi has covered their tracks impeccably, disguising himself as a middle-aged man hailing from Japan hence Nakamoto and using certain operational-security tricks to remove any risk of exposure, some have still sought to find the mysterious Bitcoin creator.

As reported by Ethereum World News previously, Daniel Oberhouse, a reporter for Vices Motherboard outlet, asked the U.S. FBI and CIA about Satoshis true identity, as many tin-foil hatters (conspiracists) believe that these governmental agencies spawned the Bitcoin project or know something about the creator. After a month of deliberation, the CIA reportedly responded, and wrote a very nebulous answer that likely got Oberhouses mind racing. The entity remarked:

This request has been rejected, with the agency stating that it can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the requested documents.

Just a month later,German Neff,joining hands with like-minded individuals through the #findsatoshi hashtag, launched the International Search For Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto, The campaign, run on a platform like Kickstarter, funnily named Boomstarter, has raised 12.5 million rubles (~$190,000), which will purportedly fund the hiring of independent detective agencies in the U.S.,Japan, andEuropeto find the figure.

Interestingly, some have abstained from searching for Satoshi. More specifically, some believe the shadowy figure is likely dead, captured by the government, or hidden in a place so secret that no one would have any clue where to find them. Moreover, other cryptocurrency diehards have kept their distance from such a search, as finding the Bitcoin figurehead essentially undermines the very nature of decentralization and pseudonymityitself.

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Bitcoin (BTC) Creator Satoshi Nakamoto More Powerful Than ...

Ten years ago, on Jan. 3, 2009, the Bitcoin (BTC) network was created as Satoshi Nakamoto mined the genesis block, also known as block number zero.

However, the identity behind the Bitcoin creator has remained one of the biggest mysteries in the crypto community since the original white paper was published by Satoshi in October 2008.

Various journalistic investigations have attempted to unveil the person or group of individuals responsible for creating the top digital currency, but Satoshis real identity remains unknown to date. On his P2P Foundation profile which went inactive in late 2010 Nakamoto identifies as a 43-year-old male who lives in Japan, but he almost never posted on the Bitcoin forum during local daytime. Other clues, like the British spelling of words like colour and optimise, suggest he was of Commonwealth origin.

So far, the media and community have come up with numerous results of who might be the real Satoshi, none of which have been confirmed. On June 14, 2018 the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) said that it could neither confirm nor deny the existence of Nakamoto after a Motherboard journalist requested information on his identity through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).

Heres the (incomplete) list of potential candidates.

Suspect credentials: a 38 year-old Finnish professor at the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology

Source: Joshua Davis, The New Yorker

One of the first attempts to reveal Satoshis identity dates back to October 2011, when journalist Joshua Davis wrote a piece for the New Yorker. During his quest to identify the Bitcoin creator, Davis found Michael Clear, a young graduate student in cryptography at Trinity College in Dublin, who had worked at Allied Irish Banks to improve its currency-trading software and co-authored an academic paper on peer-to-peer technology. Clear denied he was Satoshi, but offered the journalist the name of a solid fit for Nakamoto a thirty-one-year-old Finnish researcher at the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology named Vili Lehdonvirta, who used to be a video game programmer and studied virtual currencies.

However, after being contacted by Davis, Lehdonvirta also claimed he was not Satoshi. You need to be a crypto expert to build something as sophisticated as bitcoin, he said. There arent many of those people, and Im definitely not one of them.

Suspect credentials: a 49 year-old Japanese mathematician at Kyoto University

Source: Ted Nelson

On May 17, 2013, American IT pioneer, sociologist and philosopher Ted Nelson suggested that Nakamoto could be Japanese mathematician Shinichi Mochizuki of Kyoto University, who worked mostly in number theory and geometry. Nelsons evidence was largely circumstantial, however, as it mostly rested on how Mochizuki released his solution to the ABC Conjecture, one of the biggest unsolved problems in mathematics.

A few days later, Nelson told Quartz that he would donate to charity if Mochizuki denied being Satoshi Nakamoto:

If that person denies being Satoshi, I will humbly give one bitcoin (at this instant worth about $123) to any charity he selects. If he is Satoshi and denies it, at least he will feel guilty. (One month time limit on denial bitcoins are going UP.)

In July 2013, The Age reported that Mochizuki denied Nelsons claims, but did not specify the source.

Suspect credentials: a 68-year-old Japanese American man who has done classified work for major corporations and the U.S. military

Source: Leah McGrath Goodman, Newsweek

On March 6, 2014, Newsweek published a lengthy article written by journalist Leah McGrath Goodman, who identified Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, a Japanese American male living in California as the original Bitcoin creator.

Goodman learned that Nakamoto worked as a systems engineer on classified defense projects and computer engineer for technology and financial information services companies. Nakamoto reportedly turned libertarian after being laid off from his job twice in the early 1990s.

There were other clues besides his birth name. Goodman argues that Nakamoto confirmed his identity as the Bitcoin founder after she asked him about the cryptocurrency during a face-to-face interview. I am no longer involved in that and I cannot discuss it, he allegedly replied. Its been turned over to other people. They are in charge of it now. I no longer have any connection.

However, in a following full-length interview with The Associated Press, Dorian Nakamoto denied all connection to Bitcoin. He said that he had never heard of it before, and that he thought that Goodman was asking about his previous work for military contractors, which was largely classified. Interestingly, in a Reddit Ask Me Anything interview, he stated he had misinterpreted Goodmans question as being related to his work for Citibank. Later on the same day, the Nakamotos P2P Foundation account posted its first message in several years, stating: I am not Dorian Nakamoto.

Suspect credentials: (supposedly) a 55 year-old American man of Hungarian descent and creator of BitGold, a predecessor of Bitcoin

Sources: Skye Grey, researcher; Dominic Frisby, financial writer

In December 2013, researcher Skye Grey published results of his stylometric analysis, which indicated that the person behind Satoshi Nakamoto was a computer scientist and cryptographer named Nick Szabo.

Essentially, Grey searched for unusual turns of phrase and vocabulary patterns in particular places which you would expect a cryptography researcher to contribute to, and then evaluated the fitness of each match found by running textual similarity metrics on several pages of their writing.

Szabo is a decentralized currency enthusiast who developed the concept of BitGold, a pre-Bitcoin, privacy-focused digital currency, back in 1998. In his May 2011 article on Bitcoin, Szabo wrote:

Myself, Wei Dai, and Hal Finney were the only people I know of who liked the idea (or in Dais case his related idea) enough to pursue it to any significant extent until Nakamoto (assuming Nakamoto is not really Finney or Dai).

Additional research carried out by financial author Dominic Frisby, which he describes in his 2014 book titled Bitcoin: The Future of Money? also suggests that Nick Szabo is the real Satoshi. In an interview on Russia Today, Frisby said: Ive concluded there is only one person in the whole world that has the sheer breadth but also the specificity of knowledge and it is this chap [Nick Szabo].

Nevertheless, Szabo has denied being Satoshi. In a July 2014 email to Frisby, he reportedly stated:

Thanks for letting me know. Im afraid you got it wrong doxing me as Satoshi, but Im used to it.

Suspect credentials: an American cryptographic pioneer who died in 2014 at the age of 58

Source: Andy Greenberg, Forbes (who eventually denied his own assumption)

On March 25, 2014, Forbes journalist Andy Greenberg published an article on Dorian Nakamotos alleged neighbor, a pre-Bitcoin cryptographic pioneer named Hal Finney, who received the very first BTC transaction from Nakamoto.

Interestingly, Greenberg reached out to the writing analysis consultancy Juola & Associates and asked them to compare a sample of Finneys writing to that of Satoshi Nakamoto. Reportedly, they found that it was the closest resemblance they had yet come across including the other candidates suggested by Newsweek, Fast Company and New Yorker journalists, along with Ted Nelson and Skye Grey. However, the company established that Nakamotos emails to Finney more closely resemble the style that the original white paper was written in when compared to Finneys emails.

Greenberg suggested that Finney may have been a ghostwriter for Nakamoto, or that he used his neighbor Dorians identity as cover. Finney denied he was Satoshi. Greenberg, after meeting Finney in person, seeing the email exchanges between him and Nakamoto, and his Bitcoin wallets history, concluded that Finney was telling the truth.

On Aug. 28, 2014, Hal Finney died at his home in Phoenix at the age of 58 after five years of battling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Suspect credentials: a 48 year-old Australian computer scientist and businessman

Sources: Andy Greenberg, Gwern Branwen, Wired; Craig Wright (himself)

On Dec. 8, 2015, Wired published an article written by Andy Greenberg and Gwern Branwen that argued an Australian academic named Craig Steven Wright either invented bitcoin or is a brilliant hoaxer who very badly wants us to believe he did.

On the same day, Gizmodo ran a story that featured documents allegedly obtained by a hacker who broke into Wrights email accounts, claiming that Satoshi Nakamoto was a joint pseudonym for Craig Steven Wright and his friend, computer forensics analyst and cyber-security expert David Kleiman, who died in 2013.

Wright promptly took down his online accounts and disappeared for several months until May 2, 2016, when he publicly declared that he is the creator of Bitcoin. Later on the same month, Wright published an apology along with a refusal to publish the proof of access to one of the earliest Bitcoin keys. Cointelegraph has published several articles on why Wright is most likely not Satoshi. Nevertheless, Wright continues to claim that he is Satoshi to this day.

In February 2018, the estate of Dave Kleiman filed a lawsuit against Wright over the rights to $5 billion worth of BTC, claiming that Wright defrauded Kleiman of virtual currency and intellectual property rights.

Suspects credentials: U.S. and German residents, occupancy and age unknown

Source: Adam Penenberg, Fast Company

In October 2013, journalist Adam Penenberg penned an article for Fast Company, where he cited circumstantial evidence suggesting that Neal King, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry could be Nakamoto. King and Bry reportedly live in Germany while Oksman was claimed to be based in the U.S.

Penenbergs theory revolves around the claim that King, Oksman and Bry jointly filed a patent application that contained the phrase computationally impractical to reverse in August 2008, which was also used in the white paper published by Nakamoto in October that year. Moreover, the domain name bitcoin.org was registered three days after the patent was filed.

All three men denied being Nakamoto when contacted by Penenberg.

Suspect credentials: a 47 year-old American technology entrepreneur

Source: Sahil Gupta, SpaceX intern

In what seems as one of the most absurd Nakamoto theories to date, Sahil Gupta, who claims to be a former intern at SpaceX, wrote a Hacker Noon post speculating that Elon Musk was probably Satoshi Nakamoto. Gupta emphasized Elon Musks background in economics, experience in production-level software and history of innovation to speculate that Musk could have invented Bitcoin.

The post was published in November 2017 and was soon disproved by Musk himself, who tweeted that Guptas suggestion is not true.

While there is no actual evidence that Nakamoto is a government agency, it makes for a great conspiracy theory that contains a vast amount of reasons as to why the U.S. (or any other state) would want to create Bitcoin. For instance, a 2013 Motherboard article theorized: Bitcoin could be used as a weapon against the US dollar. It could be used to fund black ops.

It then suggested a theory that Bitcoin is actually an Orwellian vehicle that would allow governments to monitor all financial transactions.

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The Incomplete List of People Speculated to Be Satoshi ...

Very little has been discovered up until today regarding the famous, or rather, the infamous personality of Satoshi Nakamoto. The individual or group of crypto developers responsible for creating the Bitcoin blockchains infrastructure, as well as the initial creation and transaction of the revolutionary digital currency, is still hidden well behind this seemingly Japanese pseudonym.

Throughout the years, all kinds of publications and major corporations, as well as the official authoritative bodies of numerous governments, have joined in the quest to reveal the face behind the name. In this regard, they have put in long hours to identify the many aspects that can provide some insight into the matter, some of which is illustrated in further detail below.

There have been numerous guesses and heated debates as to the real identity of the inventor of Bitcoin, known solely under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Starting off with factual records, this person is the self-proclaimed developer of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. He or she, or better yet they, were first made known to the masses in late 2008, when the actual system and its basic operative mechanisms were publicized via a mailing service.

The Bitcoin creator, whoever they may be, has taken it upon themself to bear the responsibility of opposing fiat currencies and existing financial institutions. Unavoidably so, this has turned many of the aforementioned organizations against them, thus slowing the initial progress of the most unique digital invention so far.

Regardless of their strong persistence to remain hidden away from the public eye, this persona or team is an icon in todays modern world. Despite all efforts, numerous assumptions and investigations are well underway, accompanied by the regular Satoshi Nakamoto net worth estimates and calculations.

This person is said to be the sole owner of the largest collection of this currencys crypto-coins, spread across multiple e-wallets. With wealth that size, careful tracking of its valueand more importantly, indications regarding its relocationis crucial to making reliable predictions about market shifts and exchange rates. After all, these are some of the key parameters determining successful Bitcoin trade, investment ventures, and payments.

Chronologically speaking, the life and work of Satoshi Nakamoto came only years after the first origins of the concept of cryptocurrency. Since the early 80s, there have been attempts to introduce a new kind of means of payment, ultimately leading to the decentralist movement looking to take power from the major conglomerates and distribute it among the little people.

A decade prior to Bitcoins official release, there was a similar endeavor known as Bit Gold, invented by Nick Szabo. This is often taken to be the most likely inspiration for the Bitcoin founders interest in the matter. Luckily, no overlap has been noted between the cryptocurrency proposed at the turn of the century and todays leading peer-to-peer blockchain platform supporting Bitcoin as both a commodity and a currency.

Focusing on Nakamoto, it is important to point out that prior to their release of the Bitcoin paper in 2008, no computer developer had been registered or known under the name. Considering this persons massive potential, it is rather suspicious how such talent managed to remain hidden up until this determined moment.

It was only when the essay Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System was sent to a group of established and renowned digital developers through a crypto mailing list that the name first started raising eyebrows. Speaking of which, the personas disappearance shortly afterward only further ignited everyones interest in the apparent eccentricity of the matter.

This short 500-word essay was Satoshis first attempt at communicating with fellow renowned developers, and they continued in the same anonymous manner over the next two years. By January 2009, Nakamoto decided to take matters beyond the Bitcoin whitepaper and actually released the coding for this Bitcoin electronic cash payment system. As an open-source establishment, the founder expected fellow colleagues of the same profession to contribute their own solutions and improvements to the system and ultimately achieve its full purpose of decentralization.

The name Satoshi Nakamoto frequented this field for the next two years, as the persona continued working on the Bitcoin system. Nakamoto mined the first block, the Genesis block, and was the first ever to perform a transaction with the initial cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, produced by the mining process. After all, there is hardly anyone better than the person who invented Bitcoin in the first place to take it to the market.

Satoshi continued their work on the system through the end of 2010, when another untraceable email from this individual or group of people was sent declaring his final retreat. Gavin Andersen and other original Bitcoin miners were left to maintain and fix bugs in the system, while Nakamoto watched their offspring flourish from a distance.

While it may seem like Bitcoin was a helpless abandoned orphan left to fend for itself, its contemporary success proves the contrary. Satoshi Nakamoto made sure of the inventions sustainability, although it is solely up to its unique features that this cryptocurrency managed to attract global interest.

The first exchange platform for the purposes of obtaining this cryptocurrency came soon afterward, and it wasnt long before the first transaction occurred in London. A single Bitcoin owner paid thousands of Bitcoins for a couple of pizzas, which is nowadays known as one of the worst trade deals in history. Considering that since the Satoshi Nakamoto white paper publication, Bitcoins max value reached an astonishing $20,000 per coin, anything short of a financial ordeal is an understatement.

Speaking of the less glowing achievements in the cryptocurrencys past, its relation to the Silk Road scandal has been one of its worst periods. The Silk Road was an established dark web trade platform which sold all kinds of illicit substances, weapons, and similar material. On the other hand, the cryptocurrency created by Satoshi Nakamoto was intended as a decentralized payment system that would remove any central authority and allow completely secure, unimpeded, yet safe and completely anonymous transactions. As such, it provided black market traders with the ultimate payment method.

Nevertheless, authorities managed to prevent further abuse, allowing growth of the actual trading platform and restoring everyones good faith in an impeccable payment system. Whats more, its use for payments, deposits, and withdrawals opened up a number of opportunities for the then-growing e-commerce industry. Investment opportunities developed as well, and Bitcoin was soon looking toward a brighter future. With the multiple new uses of the cryptocurrency that evolved from its strengthened foundations, one question continuously boggled peoples minds:

As Bitcoin started growing in value, and even after it deflated following its peak value back during the summer of 2017, obtaining Bitcoin had remained a priority. People worldwide were looking for reliable sellers, exchange platforms, online service providers, or employment options that paid in Bitcoin, not to mention investment groups. Nowadays, people can choose to invest directly in the cryptocurrency or in a mining pool thats mining new Bitcoins.

In this regard, no one could help but wonder what riches its creator has stored up. While there is no confirmation, Satoshi Nakamoto is estimated to hold a little less than a million BTC, or about 5% of its finite supply, making their wealth fluctuate within the realm of billions of dollars.

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? From the beginning of the article, one point that is continually repeated is the lack of a clear definition as to the person or people behind the well-known pseudonym. Cryptocurrency enthusiasts are not even aware of the proper pronoun, as there are no indicators of them being male or female or one or more people.

Nevertheless, keeping in mind the immediateness of the matter and its widespread popularity, interests regarding this issue have only grown by the moment. And civilization will no doubt continue to speculate wildly in regard to the true Satoshi Nakamoto identity.

Many speculators base this guess on Szabos attempt to establish the Bit Gold digital cryptocurrency about a decade before Bitcoin even appeared. Due to similarities in the name, the format of the currency and its transaction principlesdecentralized and completely anonymousmany supported the idea of Nick Szabo being behind the pseudonym. While in the crypto development area, it would be a rather prestigious accusation, legal, real-life entities had a different viewpoint. Soon after the initial accusations, Nick denied any relation to the name.

What seems like an unlikely turn of events has led numerous people to believe that Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto was the famous inventor of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. In fact, this Asian-origin name actually belongs to a Japanese man living in California with his mother, whose field of study surrounds physics, predominantly. While the persons birth name directly pointed to Nakamoto, there was no further evidence that he had produced the Bitcoin cash system.

In terms of claim support as we investigate who invented Bitcoin, Hal Finney definitely holds the highest percentage of speculators. After Nakamoto themself, Finney was the second person to ever gain access to the blockchain, to mine, obtain, and transact with Bitcoin, as well as fix bugs, suggest changes, and apply his own improvements to the system.

Hals correspondence (presumably staged) with the actual Nakamoto, as well as his proximity in residence to the aforementioned Dorian Nakamoto all support this specific theory. However, Finney passed away in 2014, and should any of this be true, so too did the one and only real creator of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency.

While Finney was considered the most likely, Wright is arguably the most controversial of all the Satoshi Nakamoto candidates. He was pinned with the responsibility of having developed the given cash system somewhere near the end of 2015, only to emerge in 2016 with a renewed online presence in order to announce the truth behind such speculations. However, when key initial Bitcoin miners who had been participating in and improving the system from the earliest days went on to request a form of proof, Craig Wrights claim fell short of any substantial evidence.

When specific personas from the European continent, the US, and ultimately Australia didnt have what it took to be the Satoshi Nakamoto everyone is looking for, interested parties had to look elsewhere. In search of more accurate results, interested parties analyzed the speech segments in the Bitcoin whitepaper publication and identified a perfect use of the English language, with certain slight indicators toward the British version.

This changed the direction of peoples thoughts, as they started focusing on citizens of the commonwealth rather than an Asia-based crypto-developer. Anyway, this approach has so far proven to be just as futile.

The people listed so far arent the only ones assumed to be related to the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. Considering that there is no fixed answer to the question How much is Satoshi Nakamoto worth? people have been practically volunteering. Several companies have also been under suspicion, as well as the Tesla founder Elon Musk. Some even date back to the 20th century, as the 1998 Liberty Dollars inventor Bernard von NotHaus has also been considered a potential candidate.

Either way, while speculations abound and intertwine, the proof of the real identity is contrastingly simple. All you would need to do to prove youre the real Nakamoto is provide the key to your earliest wallets, or simply move your Bitcoin to a different destination.

Many people believe that the massive fame and widespread exposure of the Satoshi Nakamoto image are what scares the real person. However, analysts who have delved deeper into the core of Bitcoin discovered that the developer of such an electronic cash system would need to undergo serious consequences for their actions. This is so even despite its current legal status in multiple jurisdictions, and its widespread application on all kinds of platforms.

Whats more, having the truth available for everyone would inevitably cause such a massive owner of Bitcoin to suffer all kinds of hacker attacks from malicious individuals. There are such groups all over the world, developing all kinds of counter-encryption technologies to bring down the platform, or at least subject it to their dominance.

Ultimately, the cause for such fervent anonymity to protect the true Bitcoin creator lies in the constant efforts being made to stabilize the currency as such. During the years, it has definitely experienced a fair share of turbulence, causing reluctance among Bitcoin owners. If one of the biggest owners of Bitcoin were to be revealed, or even made to dump their Bitcoin into the market, the major shift in value could cause multiple platforms, businesses, and entire economic segments to crash worldwide. Imagine the chaos it would cause among all online academies, agencies, Bitcoin casinos, and other businesses that use Bitcoin.

So much talk regarding the wealthiest Bitcoin owners has inevitably got people thinking about the other Bitcoin whalesowners worth the trouble of knowing. Like anything else surrounding the cryptocurrency, the top major owners are just as complex.

The best way to describe these whales is to split them into four groups. The former group consists of active traders, miners, and owners looking to create new investments, trade, and profitable opportunities through the currency. The other three, making up the passive segment, consist of the initial traders and miners who have possibly passed away or lost their keys, a group of passive Bitcoin owners that have no way to access their crypto funds, and ultimately, a small group of criminal owners.

All in all, there is no saying that Satoshi Nakamoto isnt a part of any of these groups, or represents a standalone entity. With so little known about the person, and everything else openly revealed about the currency, enthusiasts are no less eager to continue digging in search of an answer to the matter of Satoshi Nakamoto, the alternative identity of the real Bitcoin developer.

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Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto? - bitcoinplay.net

We can finally reveal the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto using a simple common sense argument linking both Satoshi and Gavin Andresen to the phrase back-of-the-envelope. This finding supports our previous conclusion that Gavin Andresen is Satoshi Nakamoto.

Our previous studies on the Nakamoto texts revealed that Gavin Andresen was the same author as Satoshi. Our first analysis used a simple Principal Components Analysis which clustered Gavin next to Satoshi.

Our next analysis used Eders Bootrapapped method of stylometry which placed Gavins GitHub blogs closer in style to Satoshis white paper than Satoshis other texts. This latest finding completes the triangulation leaving me with little doubt that Gavin was Satoshi all along. Here are links to our previous findings:

Opinion: Satoshi is Gavin Andresen? Stylometric PCA using Burrows Delta

Bootstrapped Gavin: Satoshi Nakamotos identity revealed!

Lets start our analysis by noticing that Satoshi has a strange idiosyncratic way of writing the phrase back-of-the-envelope. Notice the way that he punctuates this phrase with a series of dash marks. This post was sent around 2010-02-23 on the BitcoinTalk forum by Satoshi Nakamoto:

We can find this odd turn of phrase in another post dated 2010-07-17 on the infamous BitcoinTalk forum by again Satoshi Nakamoto:

But wait a second the Bitcoin developer Gavin Andresen also used this phrase on his Twitter account:

Gavin Andresen responded here to our last analysis that his writing style was similar to Satoshis style:

Gavin uses this turn of phrase also in his GitHub blogs as a title for the article MarginalTransactionCost.md.

This turn of phrase can be seen quite a few times in Gavins GitHub blog. It nearly seems like a tic or tell that he naturally lets out every once in a while. This text is from the file blockpropagation.md.

Apparently, Gavin didnt approach Satoshi until June 12, 2010, so Satoshi could not have learned the phrase from him:

We can even go back to Gavins blog postmarked Dec 11, 2008, and see that he used the turn of phrase in a comments post! This means that Gavin couldnt have learned the phrase from Satoshi.

And, as with the GitHub blogs, the turn of phrase pops up in other blog posts such as this post from November 18, 2008.

But wait theres more I was even able to find the phrase on the Bitcoin foundation site using WayBackMachine internet archive. The phrase was used by Gavin in a 2015 roadmap on the site:

We even found the phrase on Gavins personal website at http://gavinandresen.ninja/does-more-transactions-necessarily-mean-more-centralized

And just to give you an idea of how important this finding is, we did a text search of an entire corpus of texts by Satoshi candidates such as Nick Szabo, Wei Dai, Craig Wright, just to name a few. We did a grep back-of-the-envelope * search over the texts and only Satoshi and Gavin used this phrase.

This grep search comes up with some interesting occurrences of the word that we havent mentioned yet such as with Gavins BitcoinTalk forum posts. This grep search also shows that both Satoshi and Gavin used the term rough back-of-the-envelope phrase as Gavin used this also in the Foundation blog.

This finding resembles the first season of James Pattersons series Zoo in which the journalist Jamie Campbell is caught out writing an anonymous blog due to her peculiar use of the word pettifoggery.

This new finding triangulates our previous articles adding a final qualitative piece to the Satoshi puzzle. These findings are tentative but they provide an example that complements our previous studies. I am very confident at this stage that Gavin Andresen has been Satoshi Nakamoto the entire time. He has been hiding in plain sight for everyone to see.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the article are wholly those of the author and do not represent those of, nor should they be attributed to, ZyCrypto.

Excerpt from:

Satoshi Nakamoto Finally Revealed! A Back-Of-The-Envelope ...

Ten years ago today, someone using the name Satoshi Nakamoto sent an academic paper to a cryptography mailing list proposing a form of digital cash called "bitcoin." The pseudonymous Nakamoto, whose true identity remains unknown, described an idea for "mining" a limited amount of this virtual currency through a peer-to-peer scheme that wouldn't depend on a bank, government, or any other central authority. Once people started using bitcoin, it would be impossible for a government to pull the plug, as happened with previous attempts to create digital money, such as E-Gold.

Today Bitcoin is a global phenomenon. Individual bitcoins sell for thousands of dollars. The price has dropped steeply from its peak of nearly $20,000 in December 2017, but recall that, at the beginning of 2017, one bitcoin sold for less than $1,000. Meanwhile, hordes of other cryptocurrencies have launched, though none has attracted quite as much interest from users or investors as bitcoin, and venture capitalists pour millions into startups looking to capitalize on the underlying technology.

It all started with the white paper. When Nakamoto published the paper, many of the underlying concepts of Bitcoin already existed, including the idea of issuing digital money to people who devoted computing resources to a problem. But Emin Gn Sirer, a computer science professor at Cornell University, credits Nakamoto with a major breakthrough: a way to ensure that users trust one another, and the network, without relying on gatekeepers.

Bitcoin relies on a ledger called the blockchain. Every transaction is cryptographically signed and recorded in the blockchain, which is distributed to every participant in the Bitcoin network, preventing anyone from double-spending their coins.

Because its difficult, if not impossible, to tamper with the ledger, anyone can download the Bitcoin software and blockchain and participate in the network. There are no corporations that control entry into the network or government bureaucrats demanding that you file paperwork to participate. Building a currency system without the need for gatekeepers wasnt a problem many were focused on, but once it was solved it moved the idea of decentralized digital currency from the academic fringes to the nightly news.

"Proving that this was possible was a major contribution to computer science," Sirer says. "Satoshi opened the door to revamping the entire finance industry.

The rise of Bitcoin happened largely without Nakamoto, who disappeared from the internet in late 2010, leaving the Bitcoin software in the hands of some early collaborators. Attempts to track down Nakamoto have been at best inconclusive. They include a Newsweek cover story claiming that Nakamoto wasnt a pseudonym but the real name of a retired engineer living in Temple City, California, which has been largely debunked, and WIREDs reporting on Australian academic Craig Wright, who has claimed to be Nakamoto but been unable to prove it.

For all of Bitcoin's success, it hasn't lived up to Nakamoto's dream of a currency for day-to-day transactions, remaining largely a medium for speculators. In part, that's because transactions are incredibly slow. Sirer has estimated that Bitcoin processes around three transactions per second, a poor showing compared to Visas 3,674 transactions per second. Meanwhile, other problems have emerged, such as the Bitcoin network's alarmingly huge carbon footprint, which one report suggests is already on par with that of a small country.

Nakamotos successors on the Bitcoin project, along with the developers of rival cryptocurrencies, are working to solve these problems, but in ways that sometimes radically diverge from the original white paper. The Bitcoin project is considering an innovation called the Lighting Network that would speed up transactions by moving most transactions outside of the blockchain. Sirer, meanwhile, is working on new protocols that address both speed and environmental impact. Others have created new cryptocurrencies that try to address a whole host of Bitcoin issues, from performance to privacy.

"Technically, Satoshi has been outclassed in every imaginable way," Sirer says. "And for the issues we still face, [Satoshis writing] provides no solution."

That led Sirer to declare on Twitter in June that "Satoshi is dead." Sirer didn't mean that literally, but in the sense that Nietzsche wrote that "God is dead": Even Satoshi wouldn't be able to resolve the sorts of disputes the cryptocurrency community now faces.

Jonathan Sidego, an executive at the hedge fund Numerai agrees with Sirer that Nakamotos paper has little guidance to offer on the problems now facing bitcoin and that the public will interpret Nakamotos writings in different ways.

But that's not to say that Nakamoto or the white paper are irrelevant. "The white paper is definitely worth reading for anyone interested in understanding the concepts that allow blockchains to work," Sidego says. "The paper is short and surprisingly readable, so definitely worthwhile."

Neha Narula, director of the MIT Media Labs Digital Currency Initiative, agrees. Asked during a panel at WIRED's 25th anniversary event what what one book or paper on cryptocurrency she'd recommend everyone read, Narula picked the white paper. "It's amazing how the white paper still holds up," she says. "It's still the best way to understand how bitcoin works."

She also thinks that Nakamotos subsequent silence is a big part of the Bitcoin creators legacy.One of the coolest things about Bitcoin is that the creator stepped away, she says. So many people feel like they have ownership over this thing. I think if the person who created it, who started it, was still around, people wouldn't feel like they could have a piece of it too.

Read the original here:

Satoshi Nakamoto Introduced Bitcoin 10 Years Ago ...

Bitcoin was created as an alternative payment system, one that operated anonymously and peer-to-peer, eliminating the so-called trusted third party.

But a decade later and the solution proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonym affiliated with the person or persons who created bitcoin BTCUSD, -0.01% is anything but a solution, according to Morgan Stanley researchers.

In a 65-page report outlining bitcoins rapidly morphing thesis, the U.S. banking giant said the worlds largest cryptocurrency is now better categorized as a new institutional investment class and not digital cash, or a replacement payment system, like the early cryptographers intended.

Read: Bitcoin is 10 years old: Heres what to expect in the cryptocurrencys second decade

Technology headwinds, such as scalability and security, have hindered its ability to operate as a sustainable payment system. In other words, bitcoin and its ilk havent been widely adopted and many observers still fear that the digital apparatus around such virtual assets can safeguard their currency holdings.

The high costs of operating a fully trustless system is pushing early players to Balkanize systems into trusted blockchains/distributed ledgers, the bank said, adding that it has virtually no acceptance among U.S. e-commerce merchants.

Read: A team at Northwestern think they have solved one of bitcoins biggest problems

Moreover, Morgan Stanley MS, -0.28% said the surge in capital allocation to digital-currency funds is evidence that investors now see the technology as an opportunity to turn a profit, citing a $6.9 billion increase in crypto fund assets under management since January 2016.

Read: The round numbers that show just how far bitcoin has come in 10 years

Furthermore, any hope the 10-year old experiment will achieve its original intent looks to have passed, with questions now revolving around how to raise funds, not improve payments system, according to Morgan Stanley.

A lack of a more formal regulatory structure, which remains in its infancy, also has been cited as an impediment by the Morgan Stanley analysts.

From our client conversations, we find three major obstacles preventing large scale investment in the cryptocurrency space: Underdeveloped regulation so asset managers dont want to take on the reputational risk; lack of a custodian solution to hold the cryptocurrency and private keys; lack of large financial institutions and asset managers currently invested.

Read: This is where cryptocurrencies are actually making a difference in the world

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How bitcoin has failed to achieve Satoshi Nakamotos ...

IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS BITCOINWho is Satoshi Nakamoto, Where is the One Million Bitcoin and more important Psychic Insights

by Michelle WhitedoveAuthor | Futurist | Humanitarianwritten April 5, 2018

Despite the change from decentralized to centralized, people want to know who created Bitcoin and Why. But theres another equally compelling question, What happened to the founders one million Bitcoin?

Who: Psychically I see Satoshi Nakamoto and want to release this info to the world and put to rest the rumors about who Satoshi is. The name, Satoshi Nakamoto was created to conceal the creators identity. And for good reason. To say this new technology wouldve brought undesirable attention to the founders is the understatement, they would have been jailed. Yes, I said, FOUNDERS with an S. Satoshi Nakamoto is a group of mixed nationality Asians they are cool cats, mostly young brainiac coders. I see a core group of seven with a few subcontractors. Of course this leads to other questions like: Are they still involved in Bitcoin? Will any of the founders help in Bitcoins further development? Ill answer those questions in a moment, but for now, onto the Why.

Why: The Satoshi Group saw what governments, the Federal Reserve and the R0THSCHILD Central Banks around the world were doing and knew we needed an incorruptible means of financial exchange. The intent behind Bitcoin was pure, it was made for the people, by the people, to revolutionize currency, to exchange money securely and fairly and to create wealth. I know for a fact that there were no Intelligence Agencies or Governments involved, this was completely under the radar created by a pioneering group of inventors.

Both the Satoshi Crew and the Anonymous group are not happy with the direction Bitcoin has recently taken as it was intended to be a peer-to-peer system for everyone to use. It was not intended to be locked up, manipulated and controlled by the Federal Reserve / R0thschilds World Banks / Bilderberg group. The Satoshi Group is furious that Bitcoin has been corrupted. They felt that the Blockchain they invented was secure and untouchable but to them it became more like the titanic they believed it to be airtight but in-fact Bitcoin was breached. This caused a division within the group, although I see that the founders are still involved in Bitcoin but they will not help with its further development because its been compromised and corrupted they have moved on to create other crypto currencies as a group and also independently .

With that said, the Satoshi Group can now see how and why this happened. They feel it was an unintended consequence, but it led to something greater than they had originally envisioned: the beginning of competing and complementing alternatives like Litecoin. Thats right, the founders see the competition as overall good and they know that Bitcoin sparked massive innovation and even humanitarian goals with some crypto coins.

What Will Happen to The Founders ONE MILLION BITCOIN since Bitcoin is now being manipulated and is no longer decentralized which means its Centralized and being controlled and manipulated just like the corrupt banking systems that Bitcoin was created to be the opposition of. Lets face it, people want to know whats going to happen to all of those Bitcoin that the founders mined. Thats because there are staggeringly different implications IF THEY ARE GONE FOREVER or IF THEY ARE COMING BACK ONTO THE MARKET. Yes, one million Bitcoin could significantly impact the market.

I predict that the Satoshi Crew have their mined coins and they deserve to benefit from the revolutionary invention of blockchain and cryptocurrency. And mark my words, I predict that BitcoinCash will one day overtake its predecessor.

>And since so many people are asking me when I see the overall market returning to it's last highs, I can tell you hold on because as we come into September of 2018 there will be an upswing!!!

For now, I just wanted to get this information out. If I feel that theres significant interest in cryptocurrency information from me a total outsider, then Ill seriously consider diverting some of my time, energy and focus from others areas. If not, Ill continue to do occasional updates like I recently posted here on my website: http://www.michellewhitedove.com

Let me know what you think, just comment below - Add just your first name and dont worry your email will not be published.

Sending you love and light,Michelle WhitedoveCelebrity Psychic | Spiritual Medium | Author | Futurist Written 04-05-2018

<3 Share the love Donate for fresh crypto insights >BitcoinCASH address: 1JBRUjzCM35PL4yvDoTq6BmFoe2jy9EeFF >Litecoin address: LfTARdn6cpT8CJBd6nooorVBzrimkzxUMv

PS .and remember who said it first!!! #SatoshiNakamoto

REALIST NEWS - Psychic Medium Michelle Whitedove on Satoshi Nakamoto VIDEO->YouTube http://bit.ly/SatoshiNakamotoJsnip4

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2018 Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? Psychic Insights Michelle ...

Self-described informative and interactive crypto website, Zy Crypto, a nonprofit based in England, believes it has struck ecosystem gold by discovering Satoshi Nakamotos real identity. Its the second attempt by the outfit, and both times theyve relied upon stylometry before concluding that Bitcoin Cash developer Gavin Andresen is Satoshi hiding in plain sight. This go-round analysis involves not only statistical analysis of prose, but also Maciej Eders bootstrapping method in an attempt to eliminate natural bias in such conclusions.

Also read: Apple Sides with Russian Govt, Restricts Telegram, Claims Pavel Durov

Two upfront admittances, if readers indulge. The first is, I am a Troy Watson fan. I enjoy his work, and count myself as someone who approves of his earnest dive into such subjects. Second, I have probably read more about the present pseudonym under examination than is healthy, and not just because I make my living in the space. Flatly, I am obsessed. No clickbait here, or not intentionally. No hype. This is a fun pursuit, and one worth some effort as it involves cryptocurrencys origin story.

Zy Crypto is a curious little outfit based in a lesser-known part of the United Kingdom. Theyve the site proper, a news aggregation service, and what appear to be variations on the public relations themes of initial coin offerings and blockchains. To publish one, let alone two articles asserting both times how Bitcoin Cash developer Gavin Andresen is Satoshi, for once and for all, speaks volumes about either the confidence Zy has in its writer or the fact theyre sporting for clicks.

Consider this sentence, hitting readers right between the eyes: We identified Bitcoin Cash developer Gavin Andresen as being the real Satoshi Nakamoto, Mr. Watson boldly asserts before an immediate pivot towards technique. The primary methodology used in both examinations is whats known as stylometry. Its the study of prose put up against other writers as a way of determining patterns and is an actual predictive of authorship when done well.

Stylometry has picked up in recent years as an investigative tool when faced with the spectre of Satoshi Nakamoto. The pseudo anonymous creator of Bitcoin holds more than five percent of bitcoin in circulation, making him the first crypto billionaire. Should Mr. Nakamoto decide for shits and giggles to dump a significant amount of coin onto the market, not only would the price drop by virtue of economic law, confidence would probably crash as well, bringing down a giant chunk of whatever value bitcoin has. Its a big goddamn deal who Satoshi is.

The technology to out a writer wishing to remain in has proven its worth. In the mid 1960s, Frederick Mosteller used stylometry to establish authorship of the hotly contested Federalist Papers, determining James Madison as their probable main author (instead of Alexander Hamilton). It took him almost half a decade, whereas today software exists to run such analysis pretty fast. More famously, and recently, no less an author than zillion-selling Harry Potter creator JK Rowling was found to be the actual author of The Cuckoos Calling. A few years ago she wished to have her writing evaluated on its own merits, and so Ms. Rowling took a pen name. Stylometry outed her.

And Zy Crypto isnt the first to attempt applying the statistical method to Satoshis true identity. As bitcoins price began to skyrocket, so did interest in who its creator mightve been. During Craig Wrights supremely odd public display, outed by supposed hackers, claiming to be Satoshi and then suggesting it was a hoax, a couple of once well-regarded tech journals believed Mr. Wright to be Satoshi. International Business Times employed the very firm used to blow Ms. Rowlings cover, Juola & Associates. They soon determined what most in the know suspected: Mr. Wright wasnt bitcoins father (hed respond that he and partner David Kleiman collaborated on the project, but even that has been posthumously tainted). He managed to fool or convince or onboard original Bitcoin dev Gavin Andresen, who went so far as to record video testimony (Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum genius, weighed in on the noise of the matter, and later just outright spat fraud in Mr. Wrights direction).

Late 2017, price fever pitch reached maximum overdrive, and Michael Chon took his own swing at discovery. The Georgetown University and Booz Allen Hamilton alum concluded Satoshi was a group of devs, with some authoring the whitepaper while others engaged in email exchanges. He narrowed it down to four: Nick Szabo, Ian Grigg, Wei Dai, and Timothy C. May. Gavin Andresen wasnt considered, a subject to which we return.

Mr. Watson details how using Eders bootstrapped stylometry methodthis finding supports our previous article on the topic that also identified Gavin as Satoshi using Principal Component Analysis and Burrows delta. Knowing full well the history Ive outlined above, he concludes, A big part of this failure can be attributed to the lack of convergence validity in the stylometry field. And a pitfall within the field itself is how stylometrics often cherry pick results due to their algorithms producing vastly different results when slightly tweaked, he acknowledged. This led to suggesting Wei Dai as Satoshi, at least for a time.

This time, Mr. Watsons confidence in Mr. Andresen as Satoshi extends from Maciej Eder, who created a bootstrapping method specifically designed to overcome the problem of cherry picking elements like Most Frequent Words (MFW). The approach uses Burrows delta to find a difference between two texts, but also uses random sampling of MFW ranges so as to output more robust results. Burrows delta is basically a manhattan distance of z-scores which is sourced from a list of top words used in an entire corpus.

The rest of the article reads similarly, and the interested would do well with frequent searches of Wikipedia. Nevertheless, hes found that the first nearest neighbour was Satoshis email texts followed by 3 of Gavin Andresens Github documents and then followed by Satoshis forum texts. These findings are quite reasonable because not only do they validate the links between the Satoshi whitepaper-emails-forums but they also cluster Gavin as the likely author. Its also of interest that Gavins style was so much like Satoshis whitepaper that he beat Satoshi himself with the forum texts!

Still more discussion of limitations and technical methodology follows, and those without a statistical or mathematical background are cautioned. Its somewhat like reading French if you dont speak French. Yeah, theres the standard Latin alphabet and all, but thats about as far as most will get. Again, Wikipedia is a friend.I dont buy it in the end, and have instead relied upon resident ecosystem muckraker, Crypto Cornelius, as my prime response. I have identified Myself, he typed in the patois of most these studies, an amateur crypto enthusiast as being the real Satoshi Nakamoto using Yeders bootstrapped Coronary Angiogram stylometry method. This finding supports a previous thought when I woke up one night and thought Could I be Nakamoto? Sides splitting, tears dropping on the laptop as I type to you Dear Reader, he continues, Nano Stylometry was invented by Elon Musk and is a set of methods that aim to identify an unknown author by statistically deciphering their style using statistics, hard to understand graphics and random information. For geeks like me, good old Cornelius is necessary to bring us back to reality. Happy reading.

Is Gavin the real Satoshi? Let us know in the comments.

Images via the Pixabay, Twitter, giuatt07.

Verify and track bitcoin cash transactions on ourBCH Block Explorer, the best of its kind anywhere in the world. Also, keep up with your holdings, BCH and other coins, on our market charts atSatoshis Pulse, another original and free service from Bitcoin.com.

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Satoshi Nakamoto Revealed Says UK Nonprofit Stylometry ...

The CEO and founder of Tron foundation has revealed that the unknown person who developed bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, himself was interested in joining hands with the Atlas project of Tron.

Sun wrote on Twitter on Wednesday, "It seems that Satoshi Nakamoto himself was interested in joining our Atlas project since Nov. 03 2008."

The CEO revealed Tron's secret project, Atlas, on July 30. Every Tron enthusiasts had been anticipating for its announcement for quite sometime.

Sources report that the Atlas project is an amalgamation of both BitTorrent and Tron. Its initial phase has been completed and a route map for the upcoming three months has been charted out. Further details will be revealed by the end of August.

The CEO revealed, Finally, I would like to say a few things about our project, our secret project, now we name it Atlas, after the BitTorrent acquisition.

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System created by Santoshi Nakamoto says: "for transferrable proof of work tokens to have value, they must have monetary value. To have monetary value, they must be transferred within a very large network- for example a file-trading network akin to BitTorrent."

In order to make the lifespan of BitTorrent swarms faster and durable the foundation is exploring the opportunity to add more features to the BitTorrent protocol with the help of Tron protocol. The network will act as an online protocol for the Atlas project.

The Founder and CEO of the Foundation said, Starting from today, Tron will enter a new phase of expanding our current ecosystem. We are grateful for what we have achieved in the past and we are looking forward to seeingwhat the future holds for us.

Tron has witnessed a series of new developments in the past few weeks. In fact, on July 30,Tron launched Tron Virtual Machine and introduced a new project known as Project Atlas withBitTorrent. Now, the blockchain founder Justin Suns next move is to set up an office in India,South China Morning Postreported.

Sun recently moved to his new office in Beijing and he is already making expansion plans. Hisnext move is to set up an office in India. Currently, crypto enthusiasts in India are waiting for Supreme Court of Indias final verdict on the fate of cryptocurrency exchanges in the country.

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Satoshi Nakamoto was interested in joining Trons Atlas ...

We identified Bitcoin Cash developer Gavin Andresen as being the real Satoshi Nakamoto using Eders bootstrapped stylometry method. This finding supports our previous article on the topic that also identified Gavin as Satoshi using Principal Component Analysis and Burrows delta.

Stylometry is a set of methods that aim to identify an unknown author by statistically deciphering their style using statistics. A famous example recently occurred with JK Rowlings pen name Robert Galbraith being uncovered thanks to stylometry methods.

Satoshi Nakamoto is an assumed pseudonym which the inventor of Bitcoin gave himself as to disguise his identity. There have been many attempts to uncover his identity but there remains no concrete evidence to this date. A big part of this failure can be attributed to the lack of convergence validity in the stylometry field.

Joseph Rudman, a linguist at Carnegie Mellon university, wrote an excellent paper on the faults of stylometry titled The state of non-traditional authorship attribution studies 2012: Some problems and solutions. This paper pointed out that stylometrics often cherry pick results due to their algorithms producing vastly different results when slightly tweaked.

Our previous study had elements of cherry picking in that we would get different results when we changed our model from using correlations to covariances. Overwhelmingly our model clustered Gavin Andresen with Satoshi but when we used covariances our model would load the Satoshi whitepaper onto a paper by Wei Dai.

Maciej Eder created a bootstrapping method specifically designed to overcome the problem of cherry picking elements like Most Frequent Words (MFW). The approach uses Burrows delta to find a difference between two texts, but also uses random sampling of MFW ranges so as to output more robust results. Burrows delta is basically a manhattan distance of z-scores which is sourced from a list of top words used in an entire corpus.

We used Eders bootstrapped delta to see if it would uncover the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. We generated the z-score table using means and standard deviations sourced from 20,000 English texts from the Gutenberg corpus. We then calculated the random samples for the manhattan distance algorithm for MFWs between 1 and 5,000 .

This was calculated by comparing a list of authors associated with Bitcoin against the original Bitcoin whitepaper. Finally, we used a kNN approach to sort the mean distances in order so that we could see who had the most similar writing style to Satoshi in our experiment.

We found that the first nearest neighbour was Satoshis email texts followed by 3 of Gavin Andresens GitHub documents and then followed by Satoshis forum texts. These findings are quite reasonable because not only do they validate the links between the Satoshi whitepaper-emails-forums but they also cluster Gavin as the likely author. Its also of interest that Gavins style was so much like Satoshis whitepaper that he beat Satoshi himself with the forum texts!

A limitation of the current study is that it could be measuring the style of genre rather than that of authorship. We may need to come up with a way to standardise the datasets to remove any noise that may come from such a systematic bias. One way could be to remove pronouns from the analysis because these could correlate with the style of an academic paper.

Also, weve already started work on our code stylometry machine that will analyse Satoshis C++ style of programming. Weve already found using Most Frequent Character (MFC) n-grams that Gavin also has a similar programming style to Satoshi.

A comparison of some of the texts show clearly that Gavins GitHub blogs have similar low distances to the whitepaper as does Satoshis emails/forums. This chart also shows that Gavins GitHub posts #4 has a low volatility and even beats the Satoshi email texts on many occasions.

We discretized the distances to analyse the different patterns in the heatmaps. One can clearly see Gavins GitHub blogs having low distances. You can also see that Gavins regular blog posts (sorted by year) do not load onto the whitepaper. But its also worth mentioning that with the heavily discretized heatmap (top-right) shows that only Gavin and Satoshi reach the high pink level (~0.7) of having a low distance with the whitepaper.

The heatmap below shows more clearly the Bitcoin texts we analysed. Our columns are numbered x_y with x being the iteration number and y the number of MFWs used. The column 49_2728 means that it was the 49th bootstrapped iteration and it used 2,728 MFWs for each textual comparison with the whitepaper. This chart only shows 49 iterations but our final analysis used 2,500 iterations to maximise our estimates of the population.

Our final result shows a table of z-scores of means and standard deviations of the 2,500 samples that were collected for each textual comparison with the whitepaper. The chart shows that Gavins GitHub blog #4 not only has the 2nd lowest distance to the whitepaper but also has one of the lowest sds in the entire corpus, suggesting that such a position is accurate in our knn methodology. One can not ignore that Eders bootrapped delta not only validates the connection between all 3 Satoshi texts but also loads Gavin Andresen in the top 5 results above Satoshis forum posts.

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Bootstrapped Gavin: Satoshi Nakamotos identity revealed ...

print-edition icon Print edition | Technology QuarterlySep 1st 2018

ON PAPERor at least on the blockchainSatoshi Nakamoto is one of the richest people on the planet. Bitcoin is a semi-anonymous currency and Mr Nakamoto is a pseudonymous person, so it is hard to be sure; but he is generally reckoned to own around 1.1m bitcoin, or around 5% of the total number that will ever exist. When bitcoin hit its peak of over $19,000, that made him worth around $20bn.

But Mr Nakamoto, though actively involved with his brainchild in its early history, has been silent since 2011. An army of amateur detectives has been trying to work out who he really is, but there is frustratingly little to go on. While developing bitcoin he claimed to be male, in his late 30s and living in Japan, but even that information is suspect. There are indications that he may have lived in an American time zone, but his English occasionally contains British idioms. Some of his goldbug-like comments about central banks that debase the currency and the evils of fractional-reserve banking led early cyber-libertarian bitcoin enthusiasts to claim him as one of their own. One thing is certain: he values his privacy. To register Bitcoin.org he used Tor, an online track-covering tool used by black-marketeers, journalists and political dissidents.

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Still, the legions of sleuths have turned up various candidates, ranging from Japanese mathematicians to Irish graduate students. In 2014 Newsweek, a business magazine, fingered Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, an American engineer. He emphatically denied the story, and the next day a forum account previously used by Mr Nakamoto posted, for the first time in five years, to say, I am not Dorian Nakamotothough there are doubts about that account, too.

Attention also focused on Hal Finney, an expert in cryptography, an experienced programmer and a dedicated cypherpunk. He was the recipient in the first-ever transaction conducted in bitcoin, with Mr Nakamoto as the sender. He died in 2014. Andy Greenberg, a journalist, who studied private e-mails between Mr Finney and Mr Nakamoto, concluded that he was probably not bitcoins creator. And Mr Finney himself always denied that he was Mr Nakamoto.

Conversely, in 2016 Craig Wright, an Australian computer scientist, explicitly claimed that he was the man everyone was looking for. He invited several news organisations, including The Economist, to witness him prove his claim by using cryptographic keys that supposedly belonged to Mr Nakamoto. He did not convince his audience, so he said he would settle the matter by moving a bitcoin from Mr Nakamotos stash. He later decided against it when an online story suggested he could face arrest if he confirmed he was bitcoins creator, on the ground of enabling terrorism. But the story turned out to be a fake.

According to another theory, Mr Nakamoto is actually a group of people. But for now his, or their, identity remains a mystery. Some think his withdrawal was a matter of principle, to underline the point of a decentralised currency. Perhaps he simply wants a quiet life.

Read on: Dividing the cryptocurrency sheep from the blockchain goats>>

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Satoshi Nakamoto, bitcoins enigmatic creator - Brain scan

The request has been rejected, came response from the CIA, with the agency stating that it can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the requested documents. A tech writer petitioned the agency to see what it had on the subject of Satoshi Nakamoto, the name credited with founding Bitcoin, the worlds first decentralized cryptocurrency. There have been legendarily famous attempts to unmask the real person, only to find more paradox, more confusion, more wild theories. At least two online journalists believe a definitive answer just might be had through US intelligence agencies. The evidence borders on compelling and infuriating.

Also read: Star Trek Icon Joins Bitcoin Mining Revolution

Its not often a journalist in the financial technology genre has cause to contact the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), but this week proved reason enough. Keeping normal business hours, the CIAs Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D.C. 20505 (really Vienna, VA) was evidently swamped. Three calls placed to (703) 482-0623, along with one voicemail message on the final attempt, were not returned as of publication.

Inspiration to do so came from Daniel Oberhaus, staff writer at Motherboard. In an effort to follow up on work done by bloggers and investigative journalists on the tantalizing issue of Satoshi Nakamotos identity, Mr. Oberhaus explained, While recently filing some unrelated [Freedom of Information Act] FOIA requests of my own, I figured it couldnt hurt to ask some other three-letter agencies what they know about Nakamoto.

Its a delicate game, FOIA requests. Agencies are keen to dismiss a request out of hand, citing vagueness, ill-prepared request documents, standing, and the perennial go to: national security. The fragility is in having spy agencies at all, for citizens own good is the claim, and the modern movement to make coercive government doings more transparent.

Mr. Oberhaus continued, I decided to start broad and request all internal emails containing Satoshi Nakamotos name from the FBI and CIA. Agencies generally ask for these sorts of requests to be narrowed down with information youre unlikely to have in advance, but sometimes theyll just dump a trove of emails on your plate and say good luck. Instead, the CIA emailed him a response, short and to the point, complete with obnoxious bureaucrat grammar of referring to itself in the third person. The request has been rejected, with the agency stating that it can neither confirm nor deny the existence of the requested documents, the CIA stated flatly.

The CIAs non denial-denial to Mr. Oberhaus is a classic tactic designed to be a true statement without giving away root facts. Its known as the Glomar Response, Glomar being the abbreviation for Global Marine, a company used by the agency to build a ship capable of salvaging downed Soviet-era subs back in the mid 1970s. The now famously canned statement was employed after a journalist filed a FOIA concerning the CIA ship for Soviet subs project.

And that paranoia extends to the present day. Blogger Alexander Muse, a contributor to Medium, wrote a series of posts (3) last year related to his attempt at uncovering Satoshis true identity. Mr. Muse writes about a whole host of subjects, from gourmet cooking to tech startups. His professional experience does involve tech, and he has what seems to be at least a passing interest in bitcoin. He was sucked down the rabbit hole when he learned a contact he had at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) claimed to have inside information.

According to my source, Mr. Muse explained, the NSA was able to the use the writer invariant method of stylometry to compare Satoshis known writings with trillions of writing samples from people across the globe. By taking Satoshis texts and finding the 50 most common words, the NSA was able to break down his text into 5,000 word chunks and analyse each to find the frequency of those 50 words.This would result in a unique 50-number identifier for each chunk. The NSA then placed each of these numbers into a 50-dimensional space and flatten them into a plane using principal components analysis. The result is a fingerprint for anything written by Satoshi that could easily be compared to any other writing.

His true identity is of utmost importance to the US government precisely because, especially as the price began to rise, so many people were relying on it. The problem, before even the tech could be evaluated on its own merit, was the principal DHS worry: a foreign creator. If bitcoin can do all it claims for itself, disrupting financial markets, a country hostile to the US could quickly start that ball rolling and worse. Why go to so much trouble to identify Satoshi? he asked rhetorically. My source tells me that the Obama administration was concerned that Satoshi was an agent of Russia or Chinathat Bitcoin might be weaponized against us in the future. Knowing the source would help the administration understand their motives. As far as I can tell Satoshi hasnt violated any laws and I have no idea if the NSA determined he was an agent of Russia or China or just a Japanese crypto hacker.

Mr. Muse was ultimately unable to get just who Satoshi is. Instead he was left with the conclusion DHS does know, and that bitcoins first billionaire was probably a collection of folks. For his effort he was personally contacted by DHS and asked to submit to an interview. He did, noting that he was unable to publish just what he discussed with DHS, but he could say their contacting him was due to his Satoshis Medium posts. Ive had to stop taking phone calls or accepting voicemail messages, Mr. Muse concludes. My email is almost unusable with more than 10,000 unread messages at last count. The only way to contact me now is via textand it is likely Im going to have to change my number fairly soon. I still dont know who Satoshi Nakamoto really isbut I believe the NSA does.

Is Satoshis identity known by US intelligence agencies? Let us know in the comments.

Images via the Pixabay.

Verify and track bitcoin cash transactions on ourBCH Block Explorer, the best of its kind anywhere in the world. Also, keep up with your holdings, BCH and other coins, on our market charts atSatoshi Pulse, another original and free service from Bitcoin.com.

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Satoshi Nakamoto Known to CIA? FBI? Created by NSA? Search ...