Resveratrol

Resveratrol (Trans-resveratrol) is a polyphenolic constituent with beneficial health effects and found naturally in trace amounts in the skins of grapes, red wine, and peanuts.1 Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) is one of the most concentrated sources of trans-resveratrol.

The French Paradox (the low incidence of cardiovascular disease despite high fat consumption in France) has led investigators to suggest that adequate intake of resveratrol from daily red wine intake (common in France) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.2

Resveratrol is known to act as an antioxidant that decreases cellular oxidative stress.2 Resveratrol has also been found to contribute to improving insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization as well as inhibiting excessive blood clotting and inflammation.2-5 It has been suggested in preclinical and clinical studies that resveratrol may have anti-cancer effects through its ability of suppressing various types of tumor cell growth.6

High intake of Resveratrol (more than 1,000 mg/d for 29 consecutive days) may cause symptoms such as: nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain.7 Due to its anti-platelet function, resveratrol may increase bruising and bleeding for individuals taking anticoagulant drugs (e.g., warfarin/coumadin or heparin), anti-platelet drugs (e.g., clopidogrel/Plavix or dipyridamole/Persantine) , and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, or naproxen.8 It is recommended for women with the history of estrogen sensitive cancers to consult with the doctor before taking Resveratrol supplement.7

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Resveratrol - Shaklee Health Resource

Red grapes and red wine contain high levels of resveratrol.

red wine and red grapes image by Maria Brzostowska from Fotolia.com

Resveratrol, a type of antioxidant, is produced by certain plants as a defense against invading pathogens. The phenolic compound has been associated with the "French Paradox," a statistically lower risk for cardiovascular disease among French people that is thought to be due, in part, to higher levels of red wine consumption in that culture, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Considerable scientific research has revealed numerous potential health benefits of resveratrol, which is found in high concentrations in a few commonly consumed plant foods.

Red grapes and red wines earn star status for their high levels of resveratrol, with Spanish grapes taking the top prize, providing as much as 1,890 micrograms in a 5-ounce glass. Grapes only have resveratrol in the skins and the amount varies according to the type of grape and whether the plant is exposed to fungal infection, a form of stress that the plant responds to by producing resveratrol to fend off infection, according to Pennington Biomedical Research Center.

Resveratrol content of blueberries is less than 10 percent that of grapes, reports a study published in the September 2003 issue of the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry." The study also compared resveratrol content of blueberries grown in different regions and found that Michigan-grown blueberries and blueberries grown in Poland had the highest concentration of resveratrol, while blueberries grown in Vancouver, British Columbia, had no detectable levels of the antioxidant. Researchers also noted that cooking reduced resveratrol content of blueberries by 46 percent. A study published in the July 2008 issue of the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry" compared resveratrol content in blueberries cultivated by organic or conventional methods and found that organic cultivation resulted in an average of 2.69 micrograms of resveratrol per gram of fresh fruit, while conventionally grown blueberries tested in the study contained 2.48 micrograms of resveratrol per gram.

Lingonberry topped the list for resveratrol content among a sample of berries tested in a study published in the July 2004 issue of the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry," with 5.9 micrograms per gram of dried fruit and comparing favorably to red grapes, which contained 6.5 micrograms per gram. Other berries tested in the study included lowbush, highbush and rabbiteye blueberry, bilberry, sparkleberry, deerberry and partridgeberry.

A cup of peanut butter, with up to 5 micrograms per gram, provides as much resveratrol as a 5-ounce glass of some red wines, according to the linus Pauling Institute. Boiled peanuts, a common snack food in the Southern United States and other cultures throughout the world, contain between 1.7 and 7 micrograms per gram of resveratrol.

Tracey Roizman, DC is a writer and speaker on natural and preventive health care and a practicing chiropractor. She also holds a B.S. in nutritional biochemistry.

Roizman,, Tracey. "What Foods Have Resveratrol?" Healthy Eating | SF Gate, http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-resveratrol-6931.html. Accessed 22 March 2020.

Roizman,, Tracey. (n.d.). What Foods Have Resveratrol? Healthy Eating | SF Gate. Retrieved from http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-resveratrol-6931.html

Roizman,, Tracey. "What Foods Have Resveratrol?" accessed March 22, 2020. http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-resveratrol-6931.html

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What Foods Have Resveratrol? | Healthy Eating | SF Gate

Giant Knotweed Rhizome Extract Market Overview:

Giant Knotweed Rhizomeis root of popularly known herb Japanese knotweed. Giant knotweed is a banned herb and declared harmful as it grows anywhere and its very difficult to get rid of as it has giant roots which can grow in concretes, buildings under any floor etc. However, the dried roots of giant knotweed are used as effective medicine since centuries. This plant is native to Asian countries such as China, and Japan, Korea. After digging and removing fibrous roots are cleaned and chopped into segments or thick slices, then dried in the sun, and used raw or fresh for extract preparation.

Giant knotweed contains trans-resveratrol a useful chemical generally extracted from grapes. Japanese knotweed contains very high amounts of trans-resveratrol, the active form of this compound is most useful to the human body. Thus, it is quickly becoming the preferred source of resveratrol and market demand is growing rapidly. Giant knotweed extract also offers antioxidants properties, as well as useful in cardiovascular, nervous system, and liver function support.

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Giant Knotweed Rhizome Extract Market Segmentation:

Giant knotweed rhizome extract market is segmented on the basis of its applications into pharmaceutical, Ayurveda or herbal medicine. As giant knotweed rhizome extract is known since ancient times and is used as effective herbal and Ayurveda medicine, market demand from natural and herbal medicine segment is higher. Increasing awareness about giant knotweed rhizome extract as source of high concentrations of trans-resveratrol, if finds various applications in pharmaceutical preparation. Thus, market demand from pharmaceutical application is growing continuously.

Giant knotweed rhizome extract market is further segmented on the basis of forms available in the market as liquid extract and powder extract. Powder extract market segments acquires major share of giant knotweed rhizome extract market.

Giant knotweed rhizome extract market is further segmented on the basis of regions as North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa , Asia Pacific excluding Japan, and Japan. Japan is major consumer market for giant knotweed rhizome extract, followed by Asia Pacific Excluding Japan and North America respectively.

Giant Knotweed Rhizome Extract Market Drivers:

Giant knotweed rhizome extract possess high market demand from pharmaceutical as well as herbal and Ayurveda medicine market segments due to its versatile properties. Giant knotweed rhizome extract is rich source of resveratrol which is used in various medicinal formulations. The root of giant Knotweed is richer source of resveratrol than any other plant source and it is considered as primary natural source of resveratrol and it also have a number of medicinal effects, including ant-aethrogenic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial and estrogenic activity. Thus, all these versatile medicinal properties of giant knotweed rhizome extract are fueling market demand.

Due to high concentration of resveratrol and various medicinal compounds it has been proven effective ness of various condition includes cardiovascular conditions, weight loss treatments, antioxidants, and Lyme disease etc. Thus increasing demand for natural medicine, growing awareness about various uses of giant knotweed extract are the factors expected to drive growth of global giant knotweed rhizome extract market over the forecast period. Few consumers are using these extract for herbal tea preparation, thus beverages application is another market expected to drive significant demand over the forecast period.

Considering various health benefits and medicinal properties of giant knotweed rhizome extract driving attraction of researchers and various pharmaceutical industries, thus are investing in R & D for giant knotweed rhizome extract products and medicines, in turn driving market demand. Increasing popularity of herbal medicine as well as changing consumer preferences towards herbal and natural medicine is another factor expected to drive growth of the global giant knotweed rhizome extract market over the forecast period.

The cultivation of giant knotweed plant is banned in various regions due to its wild growth which is major restrain factor for the growth of global giant knotweed rhizome extract market.

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Giant Knotweed Rhizome Extract Market Key Players:

Considering the continuous growth in market demand for giant knotweed extract globally, various new entries are expected into the market to grab upcoming opportunities over the forecast period.

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Sales of Giant Knotweed Rhizome Extract Market to Soar Through Key End-use Industries During the Forecast Period 2017 2025 - Lake Shore Gazette

Resveratrol is a natural compound found primarily in the skin of red grapes and the root of Polygonum cuspidatum (also known as Japanese knotweed). It is also present to a lesser degree in peanuts and blueberries. Resveratrol protects the plants in which it is present from fungal attack and the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Originally extracted in the 1940s, resveratrol attracted little interest in terms of human health until 1992 when research suggested that it could mediate some of the cardioprotective effects of red wine.[1] Since then, numerous studies have demonstrated resveratrol's ability to slow or prevent various illnesses, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, as well as extend the lifespan of organisms ranging from yeast to vertebrates.[2] These protective effects are likely due to resveratrol's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its capacity to activate sirtuin 1, or SIRT1, a type of enzyme that plays a role in aging and longevity.[3]

Resveratrol elicits beneficial health effects when used as a treatment for metabolic diseases such as obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension, and fatty liver disease.

In a small clinical trial involving 11 obese people, 150 milligrams of resveratrol treatment for 30 days promoted calorie restriction-like effects. The study participants' systolic blood pressure decreased by ~5mm Hg and they experienced improved circulating glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations compared to when they took a placebo.[4] Multiple studies in people who have type 2 diabetes demonstrate that resveratrol treatment of ~1 gram per day significantly decreases systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (a measure of long-term blood glucose control), and circulating insulin, while improving insulin sensitivity and increasing high-density lipoprotein levels, when compared to baseline levels and placebo groups.[5] [6] [7] [8]

Resveratrol activates SIRT1 and AMPK while suppressing mTOR, which may lead to improved healthspan via mechanisms that overlap with caloric restriction.

Patients characterized as having non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who took a resveratrol supplement of either 300 or 500 milligrams per day for three months exhibited decreased serum LDL levels, decreased hepatic steatosis, decreased inflammation markers such as NF-B, and improved insulin sensitivity.[9] [10]

In a study involving 75 patients undergoing statin treatment for primary cardiovascular disease prevention, those who took a 350 milligram resveratrol-enriched grape extract daily for six months saw a decrease in multiple cardiovascular risk markers, compared to their baseline measurements. The participants' low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) decreased by 4.5 percent, oxidized LDL decreased by 20 percent, and apolipoprotein B decreased by 9.8 percent.[11] After the six-month treatment period, the patients received double the original dose for another six months, which resulted in a decrease of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-6 while increasing the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin-10.[12] Furthermore, in patients who had experienced a heart attack, 10 milligrams of daily resveratrol for three months resulted in a significant decrease in LDLc and improved both left ventricle diastolic function and endothelial function overall measures of heart health.[13]

Resveratrol treatment also elicits positive outcomes in healthy people by decreasing oxidative and inflammatory stress. Specifically, a six-week course of an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum containing 40 milligrams of resveratrol decreased reactive oxygen species and suppressed the expression of JNK-1 and IKK, both of which are mediators of inflammation that reduce pro-inflammatory markers TNF- and IL-6.[14]

Studies in animals show similar beneficial effects. When non-human primates were fed a high-fat diet and given daily resveratrol for two-years (80 milligrams per day for the first year, then 480 milligrams per day for the second year) they exhibited increased SIRT1 expression, decreased inflammation due to diminished levels of NF-B, decreased adipocyte (fat cell) size, and improved insulin sensitivity in visceral adipose tissue.[15] In a similar study in non-human primates that were fed a diet high in refined sugar (sucrose) and fat for two years, the animals experienced a 40 percent increase in arterial stiffness and inflammation. However, when fed the same diet but also given 80 milligrams of resveratrol per day the first year, then 480 milligrams per day the second year, the primates were protected from arterial wall stiffness and inflammation.[16]

Resveratrol treatment has been shown to reduce neuronal inflammation and improve cognitive performance by mitigating reactive oxygen species, inhibiting pro-inflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-1, or COX1, and inhibiting beta-amyloid plaque formation and aggregation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.[17]

In a study of healthy adults aged 50-75 years, 200 milligrams of resveratrol taken per day for 26 weeks improved the participants' ability to complete memory tasks.[18] Resveratrol has also shown promise in a phase 2 clinical trial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, 56 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were treated with 500 milligrams of resveratrol once daily with a dose-escalation by 500 milligram increments every 13 weeks, ending with 1000 milligrams twice daily. The patients saw improvements in mental examination status scores, improved cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta levels a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease and lowered cerebrospinal fluid matrix metalloproteinase 9, a mediator of neuroinflammation.[19] Although this study demonstrated that resveratrol treatment may improve parameters associated with Alzheimer's disease, larger and longer studies are needed to determine whether resveratrol can promote cognitive and functional improvement.

Whether resveratrol may be beneficial for the treatment of cancer in humans is not currently known; however, numerous in vivo rodent studies have shown the potential of resveratrol for the treatment of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, liver and breast cancer. [20] Before resveratrol can be considered a viable option for cancer therapy, more human studies are needed.

The use of resveratrol in cancer prevention might be more promising than cancer treatment, however. Two clinical studies in which healthy subjects received varying doses of resveratrol found that doses of 1 gram and 2.5 grams reduced IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), which is associated with tumor formation and metastasis. Furthermore, resveratrol treatment increased a variety of carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase and glucuronosyltransferase. [21] [22]

Calorie restriction extends lifespan in multiple species, an effect that may be mediated in part by sirtuins, enzymes that play key roles in healthspan and longevity. Resveratrol, a potent activator of SIRT1, may mimic the effects of calorie restriction. In multiple species such as yeast, worms, and fish, resveratrol treatment has been shown to increase longevity [2]. In healthy mammals, studies have yet to confirm that resveratrol supplementation extends lifespan. However, studies have shown that resveratrol supplementation can increase the lifespan of metabolically compromised animals. In particular, in a study in which mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with resveratrol, the mice had a 31 percent reduced risk of death and displayed a physiology similar to mice fed a standard chow diet without resveratrol.[23]

Resveratrol's protective effects against age-related diseases are thought in large part to be mediated through sirtuins. Resveratrol has been shown to bind to sirtuins, altering their affinity for NAD+ and their protein substrates, thereby increasing sirtuins' activity.[24] As such, resveratrol and other sirtuin-activating compounds present a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate age-related diseases and extend healthspan.

Learn more about sirtuins in this overview article.

Autophagy is an adaptive response mechanism that is activated upon cellular stress to remove unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components as well as mobilize stored energy reserves. Calorie restriction is a potent driver of autophagy through the activation of SIRT1. [25] While resveratrol directly activates sirtuins, it also induces autophagy independent of SIRT1 by inhibiting the activity of mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin which is a key regulator of autophagy.[26] Resveratrol's autophagy-inducing capacity likely has implications for both aging and cancer.

Learn more about autophagy in this overview article.

Humans have evolved the ability to eat a wide range of plants. During both normal development and under conditions of stress, these plants produce a variety of compounds broadly referred to as phytochemicals. Examples include flavonols, anthocyanins, and resveratrol. In plants, these compounds may act as attractants for pollinators or serve as antioxidants or antifeedants substances that adversely affect insects or animals, including humans, that feed on the plants.

In humans, phytochemicals can activate cellular stress response pathways which confer protective effects. This biological phenomenon, known as xenohormesis, switches on protective mechanisms that not only protect our cells from the phytochemicals themselves but also provide protection against the potential deterioration of our environment as well as the presence of damaging factors that we are exposed to on a daily basis such as air pollution or overexposure to UV radiation.[27] Why animals, including humans, should respond with a stress response to compounds with otherwise low systemic toxicity has been the source of some speculation. One school of thought suggests that humans and animals use signals of plant stress, the unifying condition by which the production of many beneficial xenohormetic compounds are boosted, as signs that the environment may be demanding enhanced fitness.[28]

The protective effects of resveratrol on humans may be mediated through a variety of cellular stress response pathways such as the activation of SIRT1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase. SIRT1 a highly conserved enzyme that utilizes NAD+ is linked to anti-inflammatory activity, metabolic adaptations, and neurological protection. AMPK is a fuel-sensing enzyme that can activate numerous pathways involved in catabolism the breakdown of complex molecules such as fatty acids. AMPK can also inhibit mTOR, leading to the downregulation of cellular growth pathways.[29] [29] Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that breaks down cAMP an intracellular signaling molecule which increases cellular NAD+ levels. Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in NAD+ and SIRT1. [30] The activation of these cellular stress response pathways may in part mediate some of the beneficial effects as seen with calorie restriction.

Calorie restriction has widely been shown to increase lifespan across a wide range of organisms from bacteria to primates.[31] With its ability to activate SIRT1 the gene that likely mediates many of the positive benefits of calorie restriction resveratrol is thought to be a calorie restriction mimetic.[32]

A study in which mice were fed an obesogenic diet and treated with resveratrol found that the animals not only lived longer compared to mice that didn't receive resveratrol, but they experienced physiological changes typically seen with calorie restriction, such as reduced IGF-1 and increased AMPK activity.[23]

In a study in which mice were fed a standard chow diet to test resveratrol's ability to mimic caloric restriction, resveratrol supplementation did not increase lifespan in the mice. However, the mice that received resveratrol exhibited changes in gene expression that mimicked calorie restriction and demonstrated improved overall health as reflected by reduced incidence of osteoporosis, cataracts, vascular dysfunction, and declines in motor coordination.[33]

Although resveratrol has been shown to elicit beneficial effects on metabolic and neurological parameters, studies investigating the effects of resveratrol on exercise training are contradictory.One study involved 27 men between the ages of 60 and 72 years who participated in an 8-week training program with two days of cycling and one day of Crossfit. Each of the men took a 250 milligram resveratrol supplement daily. The resveratrol supplement blunted the positive effects of exercise training on blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and maximal oxygen uptake observed with exercise alone.[34] However, a similar study involved 30 men and women between the ages of 65 and 80 years who participated in a 12-week resistance and aerobic training plan three days a week and took a 500 milligram supplement of resveratrol per day. At the end of the training program, the participants experienced an increase in mitochondrial density, muscle fibers, and maximal oxygen consumption compared to exercise training alone.[35] Another study in which 22 year old men who engaged in four weeks of high-intensity interval training three days a week and supplemented with 150 milligrams of resveratrol per day, the lowest dose of the studies mentioned so far, did not promote increases in the men's aerobic or anaerobic capacity, exercise substrate utilization, or muscle fiber-specific adaptations compared to exercise alone.[36]

The type of exercise, intensity, and the dose of resveratrol may contribute to these contradictory results. More studies are needed to determine how resveratrol supplementation affects exercise performance.

Resveratrol exists as a trans and cis isomer a molecule with the same atoms but in a different arrangment. Trans-resveratrol is believed to be the most predominant and stable of the two forms while also eliciting the major health benefits.[37] Trans-resveratrol should be protected from light as studies have shown that upon a few hours of solar or UV radiation, trans-resveratrol undergoes isomerization into the less active cis-resveratrol form.[38] The majority of resveratrol supplements sold in the US contain the trans form of resveratrol, according to their labeling.

Resveratrol's bioavailability the amount that is taken up in the gut and delivered to the remainder of the body's tissues is only about 25 percent due to rapid metabolism and excretion.[39] [40] Studies have shown that resveratrol metabolism varies in a circadian fashion, with higher bioavailability occurring in the morning.[41] Resveratrol is water insoluble and studies have shown that resveratrol enclosed in a nanocapsule a shell that encapsulates an inner core can increase stability and bioavailability.[42] Furthermore, a study in healthy human volunteers found that resveratrol exposure is increased when taken with a moderate fat breakfast (18 grams fat, 70 grams carbohydrate, and 12 grams protein) versus a very high fat breakfast (45 grams of fat, 60 grams of carbohydrates and 30 grams of protein) [43]

Other studies have shown that resveratrol supplementation in combination with piperine a natural compound found in black pepper may potentially increase bioavailability and efficacy by inhibiting enzymes involved in the metabolism of resveratrol. In mice given a single dose of resveratrol at 100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight along with piperine at 10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight resulted in a 1544 percent increase in serum concentration of resveratrol compared to mice only given resveratrol at 100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. [44] However, a study in humans found that piperine does not improve bioavailability but may improve efficacy in regard to improved cerebral blood flow, which may benefit cognitive function. Specifically, 23 adults who took 250 milligrams of trans-resveratrol with 20 milligrams of piperine had an increase in cerebral blood flow.[45] Further research is needed to determine whether piperine has the ability to increase bioavailability and efficacy of resveratrol.

A 5-ounce glass of red wine contains approximately 1.8 milligrams of resveratrol while therapeutic doses typically range from approximately 100 milligrams to 1 gram. Human trials of resveratrol supplementation have demonstrated that up to 5 grams of resveratrol per day do not cause toxicity or serious side effects.[46] [47] A repeat dose study for 29 days in healthy volunteers showed that resveratrol supplementation of up to 5 grams was not toxic; however, doses above 2.5 grams were associated with mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, flatulence (gas), abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea.[22] Furthermore, in overweight adults who were 70 years of age or older, 2 grams of resveratrol taken daily for 90 days was well tolerated.[48]

While resveratrol supplementation has been reported to have minimal side effects in multiple human trials, supplementation should be considered with caution. Hormetic effects in animal models have elicited adverse cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in rats given more than 25 milligrams per day.[49] Long term toxicology studies in humans (longer than one year) have not been performed.

Studies have also shown that resveratrol supplementation may interfere with the way in which the body metabolizes other drugs. In particular, resveratrol inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, or CYPs, which are involved with the metabolism of many drugs such as statins, antiarrhythmic agents, and antihistamines. This inhibition could reduce the metabolic clearance of certain drugs leading to increased bioavailability and risk of toxicity.[21] [50] [51]

Resveratrol elicits a broad range of physiological responses such as activating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response pathways and promoting the activation of SIRT1. These responses have translated to functional health improvements when used to treat people diagnosed with various metabolic diseases as well as Alzheimer's disease. Given resveratrol's ability to activate cellular protective mechanisms and act as a calorie restriction mimetic, it has the potential to be used as a preventive supplement. Although resveratrol has proven effective in treating metabolic disease and holds promise as a preventive therapy, more studies are needed to ensure safety for long term use and the proper dose.

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Latest release from SMI with title Resveratrol Market Research Report 2019-2026 (by Product Type, End-User / Application and Regions / Countries) provides an in-depth assessment of the Resveratrol including key market trends, upcoming technologies, industry drivers, challenges, regulatory policies, key players company profiles and strategies. Global Resveratrol Market study with 100+ market data Tables, Pie Chat, Graphs & Figures is now released BY SMI. The report presents a complete assessment of the Market covering future trends, current growth factors, attentive opinions, facts, and industry-validated market data forecast until 2026.

Global Resveratrol Market Segmentations

The segmentation chapter allows readers to understand aspects of the Global Resveratrol Market such as products/services, available technologies, and applications. These chapters are written in a way that describes years of development and the process that will take place in the next few years. The research report also provides insightful information on new trends that are likely to define the progress of these segments over the next few years.

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Global Resveratrol Market and Competitive Analysis

Know your current market situation! Not only an important element for new products but also for current products given the ever-changing market dynamics. The study allows marketers to stay in touch with current consumer trends and segments where they can face a rapid market share drop. Discover who you really compete against in the marketplace, with Market Share Analysis know market position, % market Share and Segmented Revenue of Resveratrol Market

Segmentation and Targeting

Essential demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioral information about business segments in the Resveratrol market is targeted to aid in determining the features company should encompass in order to fit into the business requirements. For the Consumer-based market the study is also classified with Market Maker information in order to better understand who the clients are, their buying behavior and patterns.

*** For the global version, a list of below countries by region can be added as part of customization at minimum cost.North America (United States, Canada & Mexico)Asia-Pacific (Japan, China, India, Australia, etc)Europe (Germany, UK, France, etc)Central & South America (Brazil, Argentina, etc)Middle East & Africa (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, etc)

Resveratrol Product/Service Development

Knowing how the product/services fit the needs of clients and what changes would require to make the product more attractive is the need of an hour. Useful approaches to focus group by utilizing User Testing and User Experience Research. Demand-side analysis always helps to correlate consumer preferences with innovation.

Marketing Communication and Sales Channel

Understanding marketing effectiveness on a continual basis help determine the potential of advertising and marketing communications and allow us to use best practices to utilize an untapped audience. In order to make marketers make effective strategies and identify why the target market is not giving attention, we ensure the Study is Segmented with appropriate marketing & sales channels to identify potential market size by Revenue and Volume* (if Applicable).

Pricing and Forecast

Pricing/subscription always plays an important role in buying decisions; so we have analyzed pricing to determine how customers or businesses evaluate it not just in relation to other product offerings by competitors but also with immediate substitute products. In addition to future sales Separate Chapters on Cost Analysis, Labor*, production* and Capacity are Covered.

How geography and sales fit together

This study is helpful to all operators who want to identify the exact size of their target audience at a specific geographic location. Resveratrol Market allows entrepreneurs to determine local markets for business expansion. This study answers the questions below:

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Furthermore, the years considered for the study are as follows:

Historical year 2013-2018Base year 2018Forecast period** 2019 to 2026 [** unless otherwise stated]

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Know the Rapid Growth Factors of Resveratrol Market | Stay Up-to-date With Emerging Trends Ahead Dagoretti News - Dagoretti News

Research Report onResveratrol Market size | Industry Segment by Applications (Dietary Supplement, Cosmetic, Food and Beverage and Others), by Type (Synthetic, Plant Extract and Fermentation), Regional Outlook, Market Demand, Latest Trends, Resveratrol Industry Share & Revenue by Manufacturers, Company Profiles, Growth Forecasts 2025.Analyzes current market size and upcoming 5 years growth of this industry.

The report titled, Resveratrol market has adopted an organized way to evaluate the dynamics of the overall market. It provides a comprehensive Resveratrol market analysis comprising of a top-to-bottom research on the market dynamics, including Resveratrol market growth drivers, challenges, threats, and potential growth opportunities, with a key focus on not only the global market but also the regional market. In a chapter-wise format, the Resveratrol market share report evaluated the global supply and demand trends in the market, including the significant insights and graphical representation.

The report provides data taking into attention the latest advancements in the global Resveratrol Market while appraising the impact in the Resveratrol market of the most important players in the near future.

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Some of the Major Resveratrol Market Players Are:

Brief of the competitive landscape

The Resveratrol market report consists of a brief of the competitive terrain of this industry. The study specifies an Resveratrol Market analysis of the competitive scope in the competitive landscape. Data related to the participants of the industry along with its current share in the Resveratrol market, area served as well as production sites is involved in the report.

Along with that, details regarding companys product portfolio, products application areas, as well as features of the product has been presented in the research study of Resveratrol Market report. Information about the profiles of the companies as well as data related to their profit margins and models is also induced in the report.

Resveratrol Market Outlook by Applications:

Resveratrol Market Statistics by Types:

The research report studies the historical, present, and future performance of the Resveratrol market. The report further evaluates the present competitive landscape, prevalent business models and the possible advancements in offerings by significant players of Resveratrol market in the up-coming years.

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Resveratrol Market Share Analysis and Research Report by 2025 - News by aeresearch

I think if one month was chosen out of the year that reflected folks interest in their health condition including diet and exercise January would win, hands down.

This is the time we like to focus on weight loss, new diets, and exercise all of which are steps in the right direction for a healthier you. This is also the time when our air waves are saturated with ads addressing these very issues as well. As a matter of fact, it can be very frustrating listening to everything and not knowing what is hype and what is truthful. Mixed in the hysteria we hear claims of which food is a super food and which fruit is a super fruit, but we arent sure.

So, what is a super fruit? There is no legal definition for super fruit, but the term usually presents the added value of a fruit that offers more than basic nutrition. The list continues to grow but there are many listed, such as apples, blackberries, blueberries, cantaloupes, grapes, pomegranates, strawberries, tomatoes, and watermelon. The good news is we are able to grow many of these in our own back yard. Two of these fruits are saturated with antioxidants blueberries and grapes. All grapes are great, but science is finding out that the muscadine (especially the dark muscadine) is even higher in an antioxidant called resveratrol, a compound that promotes heart health. I am sure we will be hearing more about the health benefits of our native grape in the future as more research becomes available.

So my good-faith effort for a healthier Robeson County is that North Carolina Cooperative Extension, Robeson County Center, will be offering two workshops this winter aimed at helping you grow a healthier you. I will be presenting Muscadine Culture and Pruning Demo on Saturday, Feb. 1, at the O.P. Owens Agriculture Center, 455 Caton Road, Lumberton. The workshop starts at 10 a.m. and ends around 1 p.m., after a visit to a local vineyard for hands-on pruning. We will discuss planting, trellising, cultural requirements, new emerging pests and pathogens that are possible risks to our beloved muscadine, as well as new recommended pruning practices. We will also discuss varietal selection and new varieties that have just become available.

On Saturday, Feb. 15, Extension will offer Benchmarks for Big, Bountiful Blueberries. This workshop will also be held at the O.P. Owens Agriculture Center, from 10 a.m. to noon. If I can locate some nearby blueberry growers who are willing to let us practice pruning, then that opportunity will be offered to the participants. We will cover many of the same topics listed for the muscadine program, but geared toward blueberries. The program will address rabbit eye blueberries mostly, since this is the predominant species that can be grown by most homeowners.

For more information, specific class dates, or to register for classes, contact Mack Johnson, Extension Horticultural Agent, at 910-671-3276, by email at [emailprotected], or visit our website at http://robeson.ces.ncsu.edu/.

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Heart healthy and yard wise - The Robesonian

Every month in the Good Housekeeping Institute Beauty Lab, we put new and trusted beauty products, hair tools, and skin care products to the test and each month, our readers decide which items they want to spend their hard-earned cash on.

We saw a lot of beauty fads throughout 2019, like unicorn hair, microneedling, and even face yoga. But the stuff that readers really stocked up on were tried-and-true skin care products, like top-tested natural sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun's damaging rays, and anti-aging moisturizers and eye creams that wowed consumer testers and Beauty Lab scientists alike. Readers also couldn't get enough of amazing hair dryers that take the effort out of drying your own hair at home, including a cult-favorite hair dryer brush that cuts styling time in half, and a pricey hair dryer that's actually worth the cash.

What else our readers stocked up on might surprise you. Below are the 10 most popular beauty products of 2019, as chosen by our smart, savvy Good Housekeeping readers:

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MOST POPULAR HAIR TOOL

When wetested the Revlon One-Step Volumizer, we couldn't get enough and now, our readers can't either. Thanks to a smart, easy-to-use design, it combines the power of a hair dryer and the ease of a round brush in one simple step to cut your hair drying time in half (seriously). It has nearly 17,000 reviews on Amazon and right now, it's 35% off and will arrive before the holidays.

MOST POPULAR EYE CREAM

All throughout 2019, readers couldn't get enough ofthebest eye creamour BeautyLab has tested. It's a star in pretty much every arena: The formulaincreases skinfirmness and hydration by nearly 20%, reduces wrinkles by 10%,fades dark circles, and depuffs eyes.

MOST POPULAR TEETH WHITENER

For the pearliest whites, readers stocked up on thebest teeth whitening strips on the market.After 20 days of use, our Beauty Lab scientistsfound that these stripswhitened teeth two to four shades in just three weeks' time.Right now, they're 34% off,plus and additional $10 off that. All the more reason to smile.

MOST POPULAR SELF TANNER

$30.99

This Amazon reviewer-favorite is also our readers' pick for thebest self tanner of 2019. With over 5,000 reviews and an average 4.3 star rating, reviewers love that it doesn't have that telltale self-tanner-smell, and that the thicker consistency makes for more even application and natural-looking results. "I have been using this product since the summer and it made me seamlessly retain that glowing look no one noticed a difference," one person said.

MOST POPULAR HAIR DRYER

Yes, $400 is a lot to fork over for a hair dryer, but our Beauty Lab (and readers) say it's worth it for thebest hair dryer on the market.In our tests, theDyson Supersonic proved to have the fastestdrying speed, strongest airflow, and the highest consumer satisfaction of any hair dryer we tested."Itgot hair smoother, and in less time, than any hair dryer I've used," said one tester.

MOST POPULAR SUNSCREEN

Year-round, readers couldn't get enough of thisbest natural sunscreen (yay!). With a powerful SPF 50, not only does it prevent sunburns, but it leaves a silky finish for a great base beneath makeup."My skin looks really great, is not oily, doesn't smell like sunscreen, and is protected," raved one Amazon reviewer.

MOST POPULAR FACE MOISTURIZER

For thebest anti-aging skin care, look no further than this NeutrogenaGood Housekeeping Seal-holder. According to both Lab and consumer tests, thisSPF 30 formulahydrates and firms skin, smooths wrinkles, andabsorbs quickly without irritating skin, despite being loaded with anti-aging retinol.It also has over 1,500 reviews on Amazon, so it's no wonder our readers love it so much, too.

MOST POPULAR FACE SERUM

$166.00

Agreat vitamin C serum brightens skin and fades dark spots, and this one is packed withL-Ascorbic acid that's effective but won'tirritate skin. "It firms and brightens skin, and leaves it supple and glowy," senior Beauty Lab chemist, Sabina Wizemann said. Addedvitamin E nourishes the skin,and Ferulic acid stabilizes the serum for the best results possible.

MOST POPULAR NIGHT CREAM

$76.00

When we tested thebest night creams, this clean formula blew away the competition,boosting hydration by over 40% in just six hours. Testers loved thatthe formula absorbed quickly and that a little goes a long way, so the pricey formula actually lasts.It's packed withCaudalie'sstar ingredient Resveratrol, which is derived from grapes and usesthe same regenerating process that allows grape vines to live up to 100 years just imagine what it can do for your skin.

MOST POPULAR SILK PILLOWCASE

The benefits of silk pillowcasesgo way beyond just beauty sleep. They're proven to have anti-aging qualities bypreventing wrinkles and fine lines, and give you healthierhair by reducingbedhead, frizz, and breakage.Our readers can't stop buying thisGood Housekeeping Seal holder: It's is thebest silk pillowcaseyou can buy, and since it's backed by the Seal, if it's defective, we'll refund you out of our own pockets.

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10 Most Popular Beauty Products on Good Housekeeping 2019 - GoodHousekeeping.com

Its that time of the year again. Much of the modern world dials down its hectic pace, albeit for just a few days, to revel in holiday cheer, reflect on the months that went by, and prepare for the year ahead. Each passing year reminds us that we are one milestone closer to the complex and unpredictable world of the future which we must prepare ourselves for. The need to understand and adapt to the changing world is here and now.

At this time, I thought it fit to write about five unanswered questions that have come my way this year, for which we must find answers in the years to come.

Let me begin with the topical. Our nations response to the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) has spanned both extremes. While some citizens in Assam favour a more restrictive law, compatriots in other parts of the country are clamouring for a more inclusive one.

Notwithstanding this, our current preoccupation with the CAA underscores a greater imperative to understand the past, present, and future of a broader phenomenon, one that has arguably played a significant role in the course of human history migration.

Wednesday was International Migrants Day. Going back 300,000 years, the first Homo sapiens are believed to have migrated out of Africa, to Asia, Oceania, and Europe. More recently, the number of migrants in the world has increased more than three-fold in the last 50 years, from 84 million in 1970 to 271 million today.

One must ask the question what shape migration will take in an era where parts of the world may be unfit for human habitation. Political and economic causes for migration may make way for environmental causes. Trans-national migration may lead to trans-planetary migration.

While on the topic of the environment, one area of great concern is our access to and use of fresh water. Local water ecosystems are tipping off the fine balance they have maintained for centuries. At a regional level, it is a matter of time before Himalayan snow melts and floods the plains of north India. While a large number of research groups across the world are beginning to address various aspects of the problem, the question of water is yet to be framed in a holistic manner, considering the three axes of time, space, and knowledgeconnecting the past with the present and future, connecting the global with the regional and the local, and connecting various disciplines of knowledge such as hydrology, civil engineering, environmental science, metrology, and human behaviour. This is all the more critical for us here in India, as South Asia is the focal point of a global water crisis.

Connected to the issue of water is that of population growth and demographics. Most demographic studies do not factor in dramatic increases in lifespan. However, there are many efforts underway within the scientific community to increase not just lifespan, but healthspanwhich is the duration of time for which we can live independently, actively and in good health. Substances such as resveratrol have been proven to increase lifespan by slowing down the chemical pathways that lead to ageing. The presence of this substance in red wine, for example, is thought to explain the so-called French paradox"the mystery of how people in a country like France with a high-fat diet enjoy relatively higher life expectancy.

Genetic modifications in smaller species have led to a six-fold increase in lifespan. A dramatic increase in human healthspan poses several fundamental questions. At a sociological level, how do we deal with family structures, with, say, six generations living together at once? From an economic standpoint, would social security systems bear the strain? From a philosophical point of view, would we feel the need to have children and perpetuate our genes, if we ourselves become somewhat perpetual?

Speaking of philosophy, one of the most interesting tensions humanity has witnessed in the last millennium is the interplay between science and faith. Scientists who have questioned long-held faiths and beliefs have, since the dark ages, been branded as heretics and faced persecution. However, both science and faith attempt to answer the same question of what is reality. Science attempts to do so in an observable and repeatable manner, but within the constraints of assumptions and conditions, while faith attempts to do so in an absolute and unconstrained manner, though not apparently observable and repeatable. In the past century, scientific progress has enabled us to broaden these constraints to expand the boundaries within which scientific reality remains valid. Can we continue to expand these boundaries so that science and faith may assist and not contradict each other in their quest for reality?

Finally, while we all agree that we have formidable problems to understand and solve this century, it has not been easy to get countries and people around the world to begin thinking about addressing these global challenges in a collaborative manner. This has become extremely difficult, given the climate of nationalism and self-absorption evolving in countries across the world. It is hard to imagine organizations such as the United Nations being re-invigorated enough to be the answer. How then are we going to work together to face challenges.

Kapil Viswanathan is vice-chairman of Krea University

Continued here:

Opinion | Some questions that can lead us to a brighter future - Livemint

NEW YORK, Dec. 2, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --

Global Nutricosmetics Market: About this marketThis nutricosmetics market analysis considers sales from both offline and online distribution channels. Our study also finds the sales of nutricosmetics in APAC, Europe, MEA, North America, and South America. In 2019, the offline segment had a significant market share, and this trend is expected to continue over the forecast period. Factors such as subscription services for beauty supplements will play a significant role in the offline segment to maintain its market position. Also, our global nutricosmetics market report looks at factors such as health benefits offered by nutricosmetics, growing demand for clean label products for skincare, and rise in the aging population. However, availability of substitute products, low adoption of nutricosmetics in many countries, and growing threat from counterfeit products may hamper the growth of the nutricosmetics industry over the forecast period.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05829123/?utm_source=PRN

Global Nutricosmetics Market: OverviewThe rise in the aging populationAnti-aging products are gaining popularity among the aging population as the skin undergoes severe changes with age. This is driving the growing demand for nutricosmetics as they have natural antioxidant properties. They are formulated using substances such as carotenes and resveratrol to prevent premature aging. Thus, the rise in the aging population will lead to the expansion of the global nutricosmetics market at a CAGR of over 5% during the forecast period.Growing consumer demand for beauty from within productsEnd-users of skincare products are becoming aware that applying products to the skin is not as efficient as consuming beauty from within supplements that are specifically formulated for the hair, skin, and nails. Vitamins, colagens, and enzymes are the primary ingredients used in beauty supplements, such as nutricosmetics, which are used for controlling the signs of aging, skin brightening, increasing firmness, and reducing cellulite. Globally, these products are becoming prominent and are available as tablets, pills, gummies, and capsules. Beauty from within products such as nutricosmetics help enhance the beauty and eliminate the need for invasive and expensive treatments. This development is expected to have a positive impact on the overall market growth.

Competitive LandscapeWith the presence of several major players, the global nutricosmetics market is highly fragmented. This robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading nutricosmetics manufacturers, that include BORBA LLC, FunctionalabGroup, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Nestl SA, New Avon Co., Pfizer Inc., Pola Orbis Holdings Inc., Unilever Group, Versailles BV, and Vitabiotics Ltd.Also, the nutricosmetics market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage on all forthcoming growth opportunities.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05829123/?utm_source=PRN

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The global nutricosmetics market at a CAGR of over 5% during the forecast period - Olean Times Herald

Almost 4 tons of scientific experiments and precious cargo headed for the International Space Station were launched aboard a Northrop Grumman rocket recently from a NASA launchpad in Virginia. Among them, astronauts unloaded a zero-gravity baking oven but also 12 bottles of Bordeaux wine. Unfortunately, the astronauts wont be enjoying the fine French wine for their Christmas dinner. Instead, the bottles are part of a science experiment meant to assess how radiation and microgravity affect aging.

The experiment is part of a broader project involving several universities and a startup called Space Cargo Unlimited. The wine will be stored in a controlled environment, known as the Complex Microbiological System (CommuBioS), aboard the space station.

The 12 bottles will be stored at exactly 18 degrees Celsius for one year before being returned to earth where their quality will be compared to a control sample that was kept at the same temperature (widely considered the optimal temperature for aging wine).

Wine is a chemically complex liquid, which contains polyphenols, crystals, and tannins. And since microgravity is known to affect sedimentation and bubble dispersion, scientists expect that the wine stored on the ISS will experience an increase in reaction surface. This might lead to the formation of secondary metabolites that will influence the colloids and polyphenols found in wine. Ultimately, these physical and chemical changes should dramatically alter the taste of the wine.

The insights gained from this study might have important applications in food science. It could, for instance, improve the long-term storage of food and drink (both on earth and in space) or offer insights into how agriculture might adapt to climate change. For example, previous studies suggest that resveratrol, a component of wine, may limit the effects of space radiation.

Its not the first time that wine has been sent to space. Chteau Lynch-Bages saw its 1975 vintage launched into spaceaboard NASAs Discovery shuttle in 1985, returning to earth in 2015.

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Bordeaux wine launched to the International Space Station for science - ZME Science

In a global survey conducted on wine consumption, it has been found that more alcoholic people are relying on consuming red wine in order to improve their health. Since many studies have supported the benefits of drinking wine for heart health, people across the world are preferring to consume wine in order to satisfy their need for drinking.

It has been a tradition to drink wine on different occasions in order to celebrate moments with friends and family. Wine helps to relax a person both mentally and physically by making him feel relaxed. Different wine companies are witnessing huge growth due to the rising demand for wine at a global level. The younger generation enjoys the largest share out of all age groups when it comes to drinking wine.

With the advent of technology, it has become possible for companies to spread the word about the variety of wines made available by them. Major US regions such as California, Las Vegas, have been seeing the establishment of wine companies offering high-quality wine at the best prices to help people enjoy drinking wine. The presence of antioxidants in red wine helps to remove free radicals from the body in order to deal with many health problems.

According to researchers at Harvard Medical School, resveratrol present in wine acts as an anti-aging agent which helps a person to look younger in the old age. In addition to this, a glass of wine on a daily basis helps to reduce the chances of stroke, heart attack, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Drinking wine also helps to boost bone density, immune system, and it also improves cognitive functions to help a person participate in daily life activities effectively.

Original post:

Alcoholic People are Shifting to Drinking Red Wine Daily to Improve their Health - One World Herald

The regulatory removal of AGP in Europe has prompted many new additives to appear in nutrition technology, or the reshaping of old additives for new applications. One of the most important segments of newer additives in animal nutrition are plant extracts.

Under this category, both essential oils and non-aromatic plant extracts are grouped together. Often both kinds of ingredients are used as combined additives, as there are claims that their association may have additive or synergistic effects. In this article we will focus on polyphenols.

For the last 10 years, numerous papers on the use of polyphenols in animal nutrition and health have been published. Reviewing them, a summary of potential benefits can be made. Tea polyphenols, a mixture of phenolic compounds found in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), are mainly composed of ()-epicatechin (EC), ()-epigallocatechin (EGC), ()-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and ()-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). These polyphenols have been recognised as potent antioxidants to scavenge cytotoxic ROS and protect normal cells. In a trial using diquat-challenged pigs (Deng, Q J et al.,) tea polyphenols administered through the diet at 500 mg/kg, partially reversed the decreased feed intake, growth rate and improved FCR (Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab). Idiquat injection caused inflammatory interleukins to increase, while the tea polyphenols treatment reduced interleukin secretion, thus demonstrating its effect on controlling inflammation.Tea polyphenols were also shown to reduce the amount of liver lipids and abdominal fat mass, due to enhanced activity of AMP-activated protein kinase that stimulates fat oxidation and reduces lipid synthesis.

Photo: Layn

Three commercial products containing polyphenols of different origins were tested in a pathogenic E. coli assay with newly weaned piglets. Animals were orally challenged with the bacterium and assigned to groups. The polyphenol group animals received the products through their diet. Two of the polyphenols controlled diarrhoea and E. coli excretion through faeces.

Resveratrol assays in chickens caused a quadratical response improving average daily gain, antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus, and insulin-like growth factor-1 expression (Zhang, C et al.,). Resveratrol supplementation delayed cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in immunocytes. Dietary resveratrol supplementation improved growth, protected immunocytes against antigen-induced apoptosis, and upregulated immune response in chickens that received conventional vaccinations.

The effect of sweet chestnut tannins on several aspects of animal rearing have been reported. Tests with commercial sweet chestnut extract (Schiavone, A. et al.,) showed improved chicken performance at low and medium dose, and especially in the first phase of rearing. The higher dose demonstrated negative effects. No improvement on nutrient digestibility was observed at any dose.Sweet chestnut tannins showed high inhibitory activity upon Chlostridium perfringens. Other tannins from chestnut, sumach, tara and quebracho were tested against Salmonella,a bacterium responsible for food intoxications. Gallotannins from sumach and tara, and ellagitannins from chestnut wood showed inhibitory activity in vitro.

In pigs, the effect of sweet chestnut tannins caused lower oxidation in the meat after slaughter, with no impact on growth or performance.

Grape skins and seeds are a rich source of flavonoids and studies have shown flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants by scavenging free radicals and terminating oxidative reactions. When applied to poultry diets, together with vitamin E, there was no effect on growth rate or performance, but liver tocopherol increased and meat oxidation after slaughter decreased.

Grape polyphenols can constitute a novel source of antioxidant for poultry, reducing lipid oxidation of meat. Grape seed polyphenols (Viveros) administered to chickens caused increased microbial diversity in several segments of the intestine. Additionally, gut morphology improved, which may lead to improved gut functionality. Grape polyphenols increased body weight and growth efficiency in chronically heat-stressed animals and reduced the gene expression of heat shock proteins, indicating a beneficial impact of polyphenols for animals reared in hot climates.

Inflammation

Inflammatory syndromes may be linked to the use of unsaturated oils as energy sources in pigs and poultry, especially from vegetable sources. Inflammation (Gessner K et al.) is a natural reaction when microbial toxins or toxic chemicals from feed come into contact with tissues in the intestinal environment, where this reaction may damage the tight junction. This structure regulates the paracellular absorption route, and its damage opens up the passage to toxins and microorganisms that invade the inner layers of the intestine, creating a protein- and energy-consuming response from the body. Polyphenols (Zhu, C.) may help in maintaining the integrity of this critical structure.

Antioxidation

Flavonoids (one type of polyphenol) scavenge free radicals and act as strong antioxidants and chelators of minerals (Foti MC). They also activate antioxidant enzymes, reduce alpha-tocopherol radicals and inhibit oxidases. This improves metabolic processes and, in general, animal productive behaviour.

The antioxidant activity of polyphenols appears to complement vitamin E activity.

Lowering the antioxidant status in production animals extends beyond the growth phase. Some studies (Brenes, A. et al.,) show that meat quality improves and shelf life extends when animals are supplied with polyphenols in the diet.

Gut microbiology and structure

Polyphenols and their metabolites can affect the intestinal ecology modulating microbiota (Etxeberria, U. et al.,). In this sense, several phenolic compounds have been identified as potential antimicrobial agents with bacteriostatic or bactericidal actions (Elizondo and Costabile, A et al.,). Some phenolic compounds may have potential to be applied as antimicrobial agents against infections.

Microbiota modification and gut structure improvement is critical to modern nutrition practice. One of the effects reported from the use of polyphenols is decreased apoptosis, or cell death. Decreased apoptotic rates means less energy and protein use for cell replacement, and more left for animal development. All in all, a net benefit for the animal and the producer.

Science continues to demonstrate the benefits of using natural polyphenol ingredients for the health of animals and the production of cleaner meat products. TruGro is one source for natural polyphenol ingredients for animal feed. TruGro ingredients, and expert formulation advice are available from Layn (www.layncorp.com).

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Use of natural extracts as feed additives - All about feed

Sirtuins are a class of proteins that possess either mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, or deacylase activity, including deacetylase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, demyristoylase and depalmitoylase activity.[2][3][4][5][6] Sirtuins regulate important biological pathways in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The name Sir2 comes from the yeast gene 'silent mating-type information regulation 2',[7] the gene responsible for cellular regulation in yeast.

Sirtuins have been implicated in influencing a wide range of cellular processes like aging, transcription, apoptosis, inflammation[8] and stress resistance, as well as energy efficiency and alertness during low-calorie situations.[9] Sirtuins can also control circadian clocks and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Yeast Sir2 and some, but not all, sirtuins are protein deacetylases. Unlike other known protein deacetylases, which simply hydrolyze acetyl-lysine residues, the sirtuin-mediated deacetylation reaction couples lysine deacetylation to NAD hydrolysis. This hydrolysis yields O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, the deacetylated substrate and nicotinamide, itself an inhibitor of sirtuin activity. The dependence of sirtuins on NAD links their enzymatic activity directly to the energy status of the cell via the cellular NAD:NADH ratio, the absolute levels of NAD, NADH or nicotinamide or a combination of these variables.

Whereas bacteria and archaea encode either one or two sirtuins, eukaryotes encode several sirtuins in their genomes. In yeast, roundworms, and fruitflies, sir2 is the name of one of the sirtuin-type proteins (see table below).[10] This research started in 1991 by Leonard Guarente of MIT.[11][12] Mammals possess seven sirtuins (SIRT17) that occupy different subcellular compartments such as the nucleus (SIRT1, -2, -6, -7), cytoplasm (SIRT1 and SIRT2) and the mitochondria (SIRT3, -4 and -5).

The first sirtuin was identified in yeast (a lower eukaryote) and named sir2. In more complex mammals, there are seven known enzymes that act in cellular regulation, as sir2 does in yeast. These genes are designated as belonging to different classes (I-IV), depending on their amino acid sequence structure.[13][14] Several Gram positive prokaryotes as well as the Gram negative hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima possess sirtuins that are intermediate in sequence between classes and these are placed in the "undifferentiated" or "U" class.[13] In addition, several Gram positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, as well as several fungi carry macrodomain-linked sirtuins (termed "class M" sirtuins).[6] Most notable, the latter have an altered catalytic residue, which make them exclusive ADP-ribosyl transferases.

Sirtuin list based on North/Verdin diagram.[17]

Sirtuin activity is inhibited by nicotinamide, which binds to a specific receptor site,[18] so it is thought that drugs that interfere with this binding should increase sirtuin activity. Development of new agents that would specifically block the nicotinamide-binding site could provide an avenue for development of newer agents to treat degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and gout.[19][20]

Sirtuins have been proposed as a therapeutic target for type II diabetes mellitus.[21]

Preliminary studies with resveratrol, a possible SIRT1 activator, have led some scientists to speculate that resveratrol may extend lifespan.[22] Further experiments conducted by Rafael de Cabo et al. showed that resveratrol-mimicking drugs such as SRT1720 could extend the lifespan of obese mice by 44%.[23] Comparable molecules are now undergoing clinical trials in humans.

Cell culture research into the behaviour of the human sirtuin SIRT1 shows that it behaves like the yeast sirtuin Sir2: SIRT2 assists in the repair of DNA and regulates genes that undergo altered expression with age.[24] Adding resveratrol to the diet of mice inhibit gene expression profiles associated with muscle aging and age-related cardiac dysfunction.[25]

A study performed on transgenic mice overexpressing SIRT6, showed an increased lifespan of about 15% in males. The transgenic males displayed lower serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and changes in its metabolism, which may have contributed to the increased lifespan.[26]

SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 proteins are employed in DNA repair.[27] SIRT1 protein promotes homologous recombination in human cells and is involved in recombinational repair of DNA breaks.[28]

SIRT6 is a chromatin-associated protein and in mammalian cells is required for base excision repair of DNA damage.[29] SIRT6 deficiency in mice leads to a degenerative aging-like phenotype.[29] In addition, SIRT6 promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks.[30] Furthermore, over-expression of SIRT6 can stimulate homologous recombinational repair.[31]

SIRT7 knockout mice display features of premature aging.[32] SIRT7 protein is required for repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining.[32]

These findings suggest that SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 facilitate DNA repair and that this repair slows the aging process (see DNA damage theory of aging).

Excerpt from:

Sirtuin - Wikipedia

Truly a wonder substance, Japanese knotweed (JKW) offers exceptional antimicrobial activity. JKW is active against a wide range of stealth microbes.

It is a primary herbal antimicrobial. JKW is a very important general antimicrobial for Lyme, Mycoplasma, fibromyalgia, and viral infections. It also provides coverage against Bartonella, Mycoplasma, Candida, and viruses as well. JKW also offers antiviral, anti-Candida (yeast), and antifungal properties. It has been found to disrupt bacterial biofilms. JKW is a systemic antimicrobial that crosses the blood-brain barrier, and it is protective of the central nervous system. Its also anti-inflammatory and supports immune function.

JKW is a double duty supplement that offers many profound benefits beyond antimicrobial properties. It is a particularly good source of resveratrol, the age-defying substance found in grapes and wine that everybody is talking about. But unlike grapes, JKW provides trans-resveratrol, the form most readily utilized by the body.

Resveratrol offers a list of benefits including potent antioxidant properties and support of normal heart function. It dilates blood vessels, improves blood flow, inhibits platelet aggregation (thins blood), and mildly lowers LDL cholesterol. Resveratrol is also protective of nerve tissue.

Beyond trans-resveratrol, the whole herb offers a spectrum of chemical substances that have medicinal value. Resveratrol and the whole herb support normal immune function and offer anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. JKW has been used in traditional forms of Asian medicine for centuries and offers a high level of safety.

Suggested dosage: 200-800 mg Japanese knotweed (standardized to 50% trans-resveratrol) two to three times daily.

Side effects: Rare with low potential for toxicity. Caution is advised if also taking anticoagulants because resveratrol has blood-thinning properties. Avoid in pregnancy.

REFERENCES1. Su PW, Yang CH, Yang JF, Su PY, Chuang LY. Antibacterial Activities and Antibacterial Mechanism of Polygonum cuspidatum Extracts against Nosocomial Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Molecules. 2015;20(6):11119-11130.2. Lin CJ, Lin HJ, Chen TH, et al. Polygonum cuspidatum and its active components inhibit replication of the influenza virus through toll-like receptor 9-induced interferon beta expression. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117602.3. Yiu CY, Chen SY, Yang TH, et al. Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by an ethyl acetate subfraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin. Molecules. 2014;19(1):1258-1272.4. Liu Z, Wei F, Chen LJ, et al. In vitro and in vivo studies of the inhibitory effects of emodin isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum on Coxsakievirus B. Molecules. 2013;18(10):11842-11858.5. Song JH, Kim SK, Chang KW, et al. In vitro inhibitory effects of Polygonum cuspidatum on bacterial viability and virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51(12):1131-1140.6. Taraszkiewicz A, Fila G, Grinholc M, Nakonieczna J. Innovative strategies to overcome biofilm resistance. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013:150653.7. Wang HL, Gao JP, Han YL, et al. Comparative studies of polydatin and resveratrol on mutual transformation and antioxidative effect in vivo. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(5):553-559.8. Kurita S, Kashiwaqi T, Ebisu T, Shimamura T, Ukeda H. Content of resveratrol and glycoside and its contribution to the antioxidative capacity of Polygonum cuspidatum (Itadori) harvested in Kochi. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2014;78(3):499-502.9. Kirino A, Takasuka Y, Nishi A, et al. Analysis and functionality of major polyphenolic components of Polygonum cuspidatum (itadori). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2012;58(4):278-286.10. Lin SP, Chu PM, Tsai SY, Wu MH, Hou YC. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of resveratrol, emodin and their metabolites after intake of Polygonum cuspidatum in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;144(3):671-676.11. Peng W, Qin R, Li X, Zhou H. Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential application of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;148(3):729-745.12. Han JH, Koh W, Lee HJ, et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Polygonum cuspidatum in experimental animals. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012;34(2):191-195.13. Ghanim H, Sia CL, Abuaysheh S, et al. An anti-inflammatory and reactive oxygen species suppressive effects of an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum containing resveratrol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(9):E1-E8.14. Xie HC, Han HP, Chen Z, He JP. A study on the effect of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;11(1):209-212.15. Kakoti BB, Hernandez-Ontiveros DG, Kataki MS, Shah K, Pathak Y, Panguluri SK. Resveratrol and Omega-3 Fatty Acid: Its Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2015;2:38.16. Cheng L, Jin Z, Zhao R, Ren K, Deng C, Yu S. Resveratrol attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: role of Nrf2/ARE pathway. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(7):10420-10428.17. Rabassa M, Zamora-Ros R, Urpi-Sarda M, Andres-Lacueva C. Resveratrol metabolite profiling in clinical nutrition researchfrom diet to uncovering disease risk biomarkers: epidemiological evidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1348(1):107-115.18. Singh CK, Liu X, Ahmad N. Resveratrol, in its natural combination in whole grape, for health promotion and disease management. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1348(1):150-160.19. Raj P, Zieroth S, Netticadan T. An overview of the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of ischemic heart disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1348(1):55-67.20. Joshi MS, Williams D, Horlock D, et al. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperglycaemia-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction: Protective role of resveratrol. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2015;12(3):208-216.21. Zheng H, Guo H, Hong Y, Zheng F, Wang J. The effects of age and resveratrol on the hypoxic preconditioning protection against hypoxia-reperfusion injury: studies in rat hearts and human cardiomyocytes. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;48(3):375-381.22. Chong E, Chang SL, Hsiao YW, et al. Resveratrol, a red wine antioxidant, reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility in the failing heart by PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway activation. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(5):1046-1056.23. Meng C, Liu JL, Du AL. Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol on atherogenic diet-fed rats. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(11):7899-7906.Dolinsky VW, Dyck JR. Experimental studies of the molecular pathways regulated by exercise and resveratrol in heart, skeletal muscle and the vasculature. Molecules. 2014;19(9):14919-14947.24. Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang P, He S, Huang D. Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(1):27-34.25. Cong X, Li Y, Lu N, et al. Resveratrol attenuates the inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion in the rat heart. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9(6):2528-2532.26. Mokni M, Hamlaoui S, Karkouch I, et al. Resveratrol Provides Cardioprotection after Ischemia/reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013;12(4):867-875.27. Yang X, Li X, Ren J. From French Paradox to cancer treatment: anti-cancer activities and mechanisms of resveratrol. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2014;14(6):806-825.28. Piotrowska H, Kucinska M, Murias M. Biological activity of piceatannol: leaving the shadow of resveratrol. Mutat Res. 2012;750(1):60-82.29. Aluyen JK, Ton QN, Tran T, et al. Resveratrol: potential as anticancer agent. J Diet Suppl. 2012;9(1):45-56.30. Pasinetti GM, Wang J, Ho L, Zhao W, Dubner L. Roles of resveratrol and other grape-derived polyphenols in Alzheimers disease prevention and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1852(6):1202-1208.

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Resveratrol - Herbs Database | RawlsMD

Are there any interactions with medications?Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) substrates)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications.

Some medications changed by the liver include chlorzoxazone, theophylline, and bufuralol.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications.

Some medications changed by the liver include clozapine (Clozaril), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), fluvoxamine (Luvox), haloperidol (Haldol), imipramine (Tofranil), mexiletine (Mexitil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), pentazocine (Talwin), propranolol (Inderal), tacrine (Cognex), zileuton (Zyflo), zolmitriptan (Zomig), and others.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications.

Some medications changed by the liver include theophylline, omeprazole, clozapine, progesterone, lansoprazole, flutamide, oxaliplatin, erlotinib, and caffeine.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications.

Some medications changed by the liver include amitriptyline (Elavil), carisoprodol (Soma), citalopram (Celexa), diazepam (Valium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), phenytoin (Dilantin), warfarin, and many others.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications.

Some medications changed by the liver include acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte), ethanol, theophylline, and anesthetics such as enflurane (Ethrane), halothane (Fluothane), isoflurane (Forane), methoxyflurane (Penthrane).

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Resveratrol might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. In theory, taking resveratrol along with some medications that are broken down by the liver may increase the effects and side effects of some medications. However, some early research shows conflicting results.

Some medications changed by the liver include some calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nicardipine, verapamil), chemotherapeutic agents (etoposide, paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine), antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole), glucocorticoids, alfentanil (Alfenta), cisapride (Propulsid), fentanyl (Sublimaze), lidocaine (Xylocaine), losartan (Cozaar), fexofenadine (Allegra), midazolam (Versed), and otherslovastatin (Mevacor), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fexofenadine (Allegra), triazolam (Halcion), and many others.

Resveratrol might slow blood clotting. Taking resveratrol along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

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Resveratrol Effectiveness, Safety, and Drug Interactions on ...

Found in red wine, red or purple grapes, some berries,and dark chocolate, resveratrol is a naturally-occurring polyphenol compound that has been touted as a potential remedy for a range of age-related conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.

Said to contribute to the "French paradox"the observation that people living in France tend to eat a lot of cheese, butter, and other fatty foodsyet have a low incidence of heart diseaseresveratrol consumption has been found to mimic a calorie-restricted diet (which studies have shown can play a role in longevity) and decrease chronic inflammation in the body.

Much of the research pointing to the benefits have been laboratory or animal-based studies. So far, research on resveratrol's effectiveness in humans has yielded mixed results. Here's a look at some key study findings:

1) HeartHealth

For a review published in Clinical Nutrition in 2015, researchers analyzed six previously published studies on the effects of resveratrol on blood pressure, and concluded that resveratrol didn'tsignificantly reduce blood pressure. Higher doses of resveratrol (over 150 mg per day), however, werefound to significantly decrease systolic blood pressure (the top number on a blood pressure reading).

Another review, published in the International Journal of Cardiology in 2015, examined the effectiveness of resveratrol on cardiovascular risk factors. After analyzing 10 previously published studies, researchers concluded that the analysis did not suggest any benefit of resveratrol supplementation on heart disease risk factors, including levels oftotal cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein (a blood protein that is raised when there is inflammation, including in heart disease).

2) Aging

There's some evidence that resveratrol may not prolong life, according to research on people living in Tuscany who consume a diet rich in resveratrol from food sources like red wine. In astudy published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2014, 783 men and women 65 years or older were followed from 1998 to 2009.

During that time, intake of red wine (as measured by urine levels of resveratrol metabolites), didn't change the likelihood of dying from any cause, the incidence of heart disease or cancer, or markers of inflammation.

3) Cancer

A number of preliminary studies suggest that resveratrol may have anti-cancer effects. In a2016 animalstudy, for instance, resveratrol suppressed ovarian tumor regrowth after chemotherapy. Published in Cancer, the study found that resveratrol inhibited the uptake of glucose by cancer cells (many cancer cells depend on glucose as their energy supply).

Despite these findings, the data from the limited human clinical trials have shown inconsistent outcomes and the American Cancer Society cautions that randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the cancer-fighting effects of resveratrol. (There is also some concern that resveratrol may influence levels of estrogen and other hormones.)

Trans-resveratrol is a form of resveratrol commonly found in supplements. Proponents often claim that trans-resveratrol is the most stable form of resveratrol.

In addition to food sources, resveratrol is also found in Japanese knotweed (Polypodium cuspidatum), grape seed extract, cissus quadrangularis, and white mulberry (Morus alba).

Pterostilbeneis a compound related to resveratrol.

LIttle is known about the safety of long-term or high dose use of resveratrol.

Since resveratrol may possess estrogen-like properties, some medical experts recommend that people with hormone-sensitive cancers (including cancers of the breast, ovary, or uterus), pregnant women, and children avoid taking resveratrol.

In addition, resveratrol could interact with blood thinners like warfarin, aspirin, and ibuprofen, which may raise your risk of bleeding.

According to one study, high-dose resveratrol supplementation was associated with fever,reduced blood cells, and decreased blood pressure.

There is some concern that high doses ofresveratrol supplements could lead to kidney problems in some people.

Supplements haven't been tested for safety and due to the fact that dietary supplements are largely unregulated, the content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label. You can get tips on usingsupplementshere.

Since the compound was first described in 1992, resveratrol has been studied for its much-touted benefits on the brain, heart, and lifespan, but recent research casts doubt on the notion that resveratrol supplementscan help you live longer or lower your risk of heart disease or cancer.

If you're wondering whether a daily glass of red wine or piece of dark chocolate will improve your health, some researchers note that consumption of red wine, dark chocolate, and some berries has been found to decrease inflammation and have heart-healthy benefits, and suggest that other compounds in these foods may contribute to these benefits.

It's impossible, however, to get anywhere near the doses used in studies from food sources. Many of the studies have used a dose of about 100 mg or more of resveratrol, while a 5-ounce glass of red wine only has about 1 mg of resveratrol.

It's important to note that increasing your intake of red wine comes with a trade-off.Consuming too much may raise your risk of high bloodpressure, liver damage, obesity, and some forms of cancer.

To boost your intake without consuming alcohol, try eating foods like grapes, raspberries, plums,blueberries, cranberries, grape tomatoes, and pomegranate (all of which are rich in resveratrol and a range of antioxidants and nutrients).

If you're still considering using resveratrol supplements, talk to your healthcare provider before starting your supplement regimen to weigh the pros and cons and discuss whether it's appropriate for you.

Sources:

Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang P, He S, Huang D.Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clin Nutr. 2015 Feb;34(1):27-34.

Sahebkar A, Serban C, Ursoniu S, et al.Lack of efficacy of resveratrol on C-reactive protein and selected cardiovascular risk factors--Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Int J Cardiol. 2015;189:47-55.

Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Bartali B, et al.Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults.JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jul;174(7):1077-84.

Tan L, Wang W, He G, et al.Resveratrol inhibits ovarian tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model.Cancer. 2016 Mar 1;122(5):722-9.

Disclaimer: The information contained on this site is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for advice, diagnosis or treatment by a licensed physician. It is not meant to cover all possible precautions, drug interactions, circumstances or adverse effects. You should seek prompt medical care for any health issues and consult your doctor before using alternative medicine or making a change to your regimen.

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Resveratrol: Benefits and Uses - Verywell

ResveratrolChemical structures of cis- ((Z)-resveratrol, left) and trans-resveratrol ((E)-resveratrol, right)[1]NamesOther names

trans-3,5,4-Trihydroxystilbene;3,4,5-Stilbenetriol;trans-Resveratrol;(E)-5-(p-Hydroxystyryl)resorcinol;(E)-5-(4-hydroxystyryl)benzene-1,3-diol

Oc2ccc(C=Cc1cc(O)cc(O)c1)cc2

Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.[5][6] Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries.[7]

Although it is used as a dietary supplement, there is no good evidence that consuming resveratrol affects life expectancy or human health.[8][9]

There is no evidence of benefit from resveratrol in those who already have heart disease.[10] A 2014 Chinese meta-analysis found weak evidence that high-dose resveratrol supplementation could reduce systolic blood pressure.[11]

As of 2016[update], there is no evidence of an effect of resveratrol on cancer in humans.[12]

There is no conclusive human evidence for an effect of resveratrol on metabolism.[13][14]

There is no evidence for an effect of resveratrol on lifespan in humans as of 2011[update].[15]

In 2010, GlaxoSmithKline suspended a small clinical trial of SRT501, a proprietary form of resveratrol, due to safety concerns, and terminated the study later that year. SRT501 was composed of microparticles (< 5 m) intended to enhance absorption and was delivered at a dose 5 grams per day, causing gastrointestinal disorders and diarrhea in many subjects.[16] Although limited human studies have shown resveratrol is well-tolerated,[11][14] one clinical study of Alzheimer's disease patients showed there were side effects from daily intake of up to 2 grams, including nausea, diarrhea, and weight loss.[17]

Although in vitro studies indicate resveratrol activates sirtuin 1[18] and PGC-1, and affects functioning of mitochondria,[19] other research disputes this effect.[20][21]

In cells treated with resveratrol, an increase is observed in the action of MnSOD (SOD2)[22] and in GPER activity.[23]

One way of administering resveratrol in humans may be buccal delivery, that is without swallowing, by direct absorption through tissues on the inside of the mouth. When one milligram of resveratrol in 50 ml 50% alcohol/ water solution was retained in the mouth for one minute before swallowing, 37ng/ml of free resveratrol was measured in plasma two minutes later. This level of unchanged resveratrol in blood can only be achieved with 250mg of resveratrol taken in a pill form.[24] However, the viability of a buccal delivery method is called into question due to the low aqueous solubility of the molecule. For a drug to be absorbed transmucosally it must be in free-form or dissolved.[25][26] Resveratrol fits the criteria for oral transmucosal dosing, except for this caveat. The low aqueous solubility greatly limits the amount that can be absorbed through the buccal mucosa. Resveratrol that is attempted to be taken buccally was expected to pass through the mucous membrane of the mouth and be absorbed as an oral dose,[27] however, the need to explore buccal delivery in future pharmaceutical formulations was expressed.[26][28]

While 70% of orally administered resveratrol is absorbed, its oral bioavailability is approximately 0.5% due to extensive hepatic glucuronidation and sulfation.[29] Resveratrol given in a proprietary formulation SRT-501 (3 or 5 g), developed by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, reached five to eight times higher blood levels. These levels did approach the concentration necessary to exert the effects shown in animal models and in vitro experiments.[30]

In rats, less than 5% of the oral dose was observed as free resveratrol in blood plasma.[31] There is a hypothesis that resveratrol from wine could have higher bioavailability than resveratrol from a pill.[32]

In a human study involving oral administration of 500mg over 13 weeks, resveratrol was detected in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that it had crossed the blood-brain barrier.[17]

Resveratrol gets extensively metabolized in the body, with the liver and lungs as the major sites of its metabolism.[33]

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid, a derivative of stilbene.

It exists as two geometric isomers: cis- (Z) and trans- (E), with the trans-isomer shown in the top image. The trans- and cis-resveratrol can be either free or bound to glucose.[34]

The trans- form can undergo isomerization to the cis- form when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation,[35] a process called photoisomerization:[36]

One study showed that ultraviolet irradiation to cis-resveratrol induces further photochemical reaction, producing a fluorescent molecule named "Resveratrone".[37]

Trans-resveratrol in the powder form was found to be stable under "accelerated stability" conditions of 75% humidity and 40C in the presence of air.[38] The trans isomer is also stabilized by the presence of transport proteins.[39] Resveratrol content also was stable in the skins of grapes and pomace taken after fermentation and stored for a long period.[40]lH- and 13C-NMR data for the four most common forms of resveratrols are reported in literature.[34]

Resveratrol is produced in plants by the action of the enzyme, resveratrol synthase.[41]

The grapevine fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is able to oxidise resveratrol into metabolites showing attenuated antifungal activities. Those include the resveratrol dimers restrytisol A, B, and C, resveratrol trans-dehydrodimer, leachinol F, and pallidol.[42] The soil bacterium Bacillus cereus can be used to transform resveratrol into piceid (resveratrol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside).[43]

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, a class of compounds produced by many plants when they are infected by pathogens or physically harmed by cutting, crushing, or ultraviolet radiation.[44]

Plants that synthesize resveratrol include knotweeds, pine trees including Scots pine and Eastern white pine, grape vines, peanut plants, cocoa bushes, and Vaccinium shrubs that produce berries, including blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, cranberries, and bilberries.[5][7][44]

The levels of resveratrol found in food varies considerably, even in the same food from season to season and batch to batch.[5]

In a 2007 review of published resveratrol concentrations, the average in red wines is 69941899999999999991.91.7mg trans-resveratrol/L (70008199999999999998.27.5M, ranging from nondetectable levels to 14.3mg/l (62.7M) trans-resveratrol. Levels of cis-resveratrol follow the same trend as trans-resveratrol.[46]

In general, wines made from grapes of the Pinot Noir and St. Laurent varieties showed the highest level of trans-resveratrol, though no wine or region can yet be said to produce wines with significantly higher concentrations than any other wine or region.[46]Champagne and vinegar also contain appreciable levels of resveratrol.[45]

Red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8mg/l, depending on the grape variety. White wine has much less because red wine is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to extract the resveratrol, whereas white wine is fermented after the skin has been removed.[5] The composition of wine is different from that of grapes since the extraction of resveratrol from grapes depends on the duration of the skin contact, and the resveratrol 3-glucosides are in part hydrolysed, yielding both trans- and cis-resveratrol.[5]

Ounce for ounce, peanuts have about 25% as much resveratrol as red wine.[5]Peanuts, especially sprouted peanuts, have a content similar to grapes in a range of 2.3 to 4.5g/g before sprouting, and after sprouting, in a range of 11.7 to 25.7g/g, depending upon peanut cultivar.[44][45]

Mulberries (especially the skin) are a source of as much as 50 micrograms of resveratrol per gram dry weight.[47]

There are no studies to show that resveratrol supplements are beneficial in humans.[48][49][50] Sales of resveratrol supplements increased in 2006 after studies on non-humans.[48]

Harvard University scientist and professor David Sinclair co-founded Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, the initial product of which was a resveratrol formulation;[51] Sinclair became known for making statements about resveratrol like: (It's) as close to a miraculous molecule as you can find.... One hundred years from now, people will maybe be taking these molecules on a daily basis to prevent heart disease, stroke, and cancer.[52] Most of the anti-aging field was more cautious, especially with regard to what else resveratrol might do in the body and its lack of bioavailability.[52][53]

Sinclair and others obtained significant news coverage about resveratrol.[54][55] Sinclair is often quoted and pictured in online ads for resveratrol supplements, many of which implied endorsement of the advertised product even though Sinclair had not endorsed them.[56]

Supplements vary in purity and can contain anywhere from 50 percent to 99 percent resveratrol.[citation needed]

The first mention of resveratrol was in a Japanese article in 1939 by Michio Takaoka, who isolated it from Veratrum album, variety grandiflorum, and later, in 1963, from the roots of Japanese knotweed.[44][57][58][59]

A 2011 systematic review of existing resveratrol research demonstrated there was not enough evidence to demonstrate its effect on longevity or human diseases, nor could there be recommendations for intake beyond the amount normally obtained through dietary sources, estimated as being less than 4 mg/day.[8] Much of the research showing positive effects has been done on animals, with insufficient clinical research on humans.[8] Resveratrol research in animals and humans remains active.[60][61]

As of 2014[update], the results of studies on laboratory animals or human clinical trials concerning the effects of resveratrol on cancer are inconsistent,[12] even if massive doses of resveratrol are used.[62]

A preliminary, one-year clinical trial of subjects with Alzheimer's disease showed that consuming 2 grams of resveratrol daily was well-tolerated and reduced some disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, although other biomarkers and progressive dementia were unaffected.[17] Other preliminary human studies indicated that short-term ingestion of resveratrol increased cerebral blood flow in normal subjects[63] and in people with diabetes.[64] Resveratrol is under study for its potential to limit secondary damage after ischemic stroke or acute brain trauma.[65]

Although moderate drinking of red wine is generally associated with reduced risk of heart disease,[66] an association known as "the French paradox",[67] there is little evidence that resveratrol in red wine may have a role in this possible effect.[68]

Animal studies are being conducted to discern potential metabolic and antidiabetic effects of resveratrol.[69] In vitro, resveratrol was shown to act as an agonist of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a nuclear receptor under pharmacological research as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes.[70] Although one systematic review and meta-analysis noted that resveratrol is a "leading candidate" compound for serving as an adjunct pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes,[71] there is little evidence for its use as a possible treatment for diabetes.[69]

Despite considerable in vitro and animal research, there is no evidence that resveratrol taken orally or topically has any effect on human skin.[72] Preliminary studies have been conducted on resveratrol to understand its potential as a therapy for melanoma.[73][74]

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Resveratrol - Wikipedia

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eBay determines trending price through a machine learned model of the products sale prices within the last 90 days. "New" refers to a brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item, and "Used" refers to an item that has been used previously.

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What is Resveratrol?

Resveratrol may be the most significant discovery in supplement history. Resveratrol (pronounced rez-vair-ah-trol) is best known as a red wine molecule, a matchless and distinctive molecule for human health and longevity. Dr. Sinclair in the famous Harvard study discovered the resveratrol molecule stimulates the SIRT1 gene known as the calorie restriction gene, which is the only gene expression proven to extend human life. In the past ten years, hundreds of studies have been conducted with Resveratrol. It provides a healthy response to so many health concerns including cardiovascular disease, weight loss, cancer, diabetes, cognitive decline, etc. scientist say its antioxidant benefits alone are miraculous.

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Some things come naturally. The finest wines in all of history come from the Rhone Valley in France, and Vintage Resveratrol 100% is derived naturally from the same grapes. Resveratrol when taken orally is well-absorbed by humans, but its bio-availability is relatively low because our bodies rapidly metabolize and eliminate it; however, French Red Wine Grape Extract from the Rhone Valley provides all the active ingredients that humans can utilize including Trans-Resveratrol, Anthocyanins, & Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs). The red grape itself from Rhone Valley provides us the biological blueprint for the most efficient & bio-available source of naturally occurring resveratrol available.

Many supplement companies are getting Resveratrol from an inexpensive Asian herbal source, Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum Cuspidatum). The Natures Trade Group issued a statement concerning the safety of long term use of this herb. Resveratrol using French Red Wine Grape Extract, since 2004, has had extensive testing and research. It is processed using the cleanest processing methods, yielding a pure and potent source of naturally occurring Resveatrol. Vintage Resveratrol 100% has been the top selling supplement at Natural Biology since 2008 - because it works...

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