Free radicals are very reactive molecules that reproduce a response to the environmental toxins and cellular actions in your body.

This is typically a result of energy production in your mitochondria that happens when you burn your food as fuel.

But what are mitochondria? Well, in short, mitochondria are the vital engines in nearly every one of your cells that produce over 90% of the energy currents in your body. These energy currents are known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This is your bodys biochemical way to store and use energy.

In the past, many thought it was wise to indiscriminately suppress those productions of free radicals with antioxidants, but newer research shows that isnt such a wise strategy.

There are special types of non-typical antioxidants that produce their effects through a process called hormesis a term we use to describe health benefits from taking low doses of something that is otherwise toxic, or even lethal at higher doses.

For example, many of the fruits and veggies you eat are loaded with natural compounds called polyphenols. The plant produces these polyphenols to ward off pests and predators.

The polyphenols are toxic to the predators, but since we are much larger, and we take them in far smaller doses, they actually cause our body to develop a protective response that makes us stronger. This brings me to one of my new passions: you can improve mitochondrial dysfunction by taking advantage of these beneficial polyphenols.

And one very special type of polyphenol is called resveratrol, which is extracted from Japanese Knotweed Root.

Resveratrol may help promote a normal immune response in your body.*

Plus, resveratrol potentially benefits you by how it...

Resveratrol reduces oxidative stress damage to your cardiovascular system by neutralizing free radicals.* And it helps support your body's inherent defense system, too.*

This potent antioxidant is somewhat different than other antioxidants. It not only helps you neutralize harmful free radicals, but it can cross the blood-brain barrier to help protect your brain and nervous system as well.*

Many folks believe that a good way to promote health is to drink a glass of red wine on a regular basis.*

There may be some truth here. Red wine does contain resveratrol.

However, there's one catch You'd need several bottles of wine per day to experience any of the benefits scientists have uncovered with resveratrol.

And drinking large amounts of wine or other alcoholic beverages not only places stress on your liver, but also increases your insulin levels, which can negatively impact on your health.

Further, many experts are now questioning the value of drinking wine for health reasons at all...

Its dangers may easily outweigh any potential benefits resveratrol can provide.

So how can you reap the potential benefits of resveratrol without the alcohol, sugar, and calories of red wine? There's an easy answer and I'll tell you about it in just a minute.

But first, let's discuss some simple ways you can take control of unhealthy free radical levels...

Every day of your life, you face exposure to dangerous free radicals. No matter how healthy a lifestyle you lead or how nutritious and clean a diet you eat, this is simply a fact of life.

Fortunately, it's not all bad, as your normal bodily functions such as breathing, metabolism, and physical activity generate free radicals. Your immune system also generates free radicals to help neutralize viruses and bacteria.

But some free radicals are the result of environmental factors such as pollution, radiation, pesticides, and cigarette smoking.

As part of normal functioning, your body is capable of keeping free radicals in check and neutralizing them, unless you...

Exposing your body to these types of conditions may overwhelm it with free radicals and cause damage.

Plus, free radical damage accumulates over time. So, the longer your lifestyle and environment expose you to this damage, the greater your consequences, and the greater potential impacts to your overall health.

First of all, address the unhealthy habits listed above.

Then consider going the next step and find ways to fortify your healthy diet with antioxidant-rich food.

Antioxidants provide your body with built-in protection against free radicals and help you neutralize and keep them under control.

Antioxidants provide your body with built-in protection against free radicals and help you neutralize and keep them under control.

Your body needs both types of antioxidants because each one targets different types of cells and tissues for free radical scavenging...

The bottom line... to fight and help neutralize pesky free radicals, you need both types of antioxidants from as many sources as possible.* When taken together, the efficacy of lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants is enhanced even more.*

When it comes to a lipid-soluble antioxidant, I believe I've identified a super-nutrient like no other in astaxanthin. You can check out my site for more info on Astaxanthin with ALA and all its phenomenal benefits.*

And I believe resveratrol is one of your best sources for a water-soluble antioxidant. However, as with just about every nutrient, if you can get it from the food you eat, that's my top recommendation.

A Bountiful Source of Resveratrol

Purple Defense contains 50 mg of Resveratrol per serving.

With an overall 3,500 ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value per capsule, Purple Defense capsules provide a powerful antioxidant blend.

The ORAC value for Purple Defense is achieved by using the most sophisticated and accurate equipment possible. The machine is a fluorescence microplate reader (Fluoroskan Ascent FL).

ORAC values can easily be inflated with any machine though. Using an ethanol solvent will artificially inflate the ORAC value. That's why each batch is tested using an acetone/water solvent. So you can rest assured that you're actually getting 3,500 in each dose.

Now that I've clearly identified resveratrol as one of your best water-soluble antioxidant sources... what's the best way to make sure you consume enough of this antioxidant?

Just like there are issues with other fruits, vegetables, and red wine, such is the case with grapes.

You see, the skin and seeds of the grapes provide you with the most potent supplies of antioxidants... not the fruit itself.

The meat of the fruit contains sugary fructose that can raise your insulin levels. And of course you can't really ingest the skins without eating the fruit inside, too!

As for grape seeds, most people don't like to eat them as they tend to be tough and have a somewhat bitter taste. And some grape processing actually removes the seeds prior to distribution at your local store.

So, what can you do?

There's a simple solution. It's called Purple Defense.

Even if you could find and tolerate eating a healthy supply of grape seeds it would be almost impossible for you to chew the seeds enough to get the equivalent benefit you can from the pulverized seeds in my formula, Purple Defense.

Why? Pulverizing the seeds makes them more digestible.*

Plus, here are additional reasons why Purple Defense should be your No. 1 resveratrol and water-soluble antioxidant source:

So, now you see some of the reasons why I highly recommend Purple Defense as one of your best resveratrol and water-soluble antioxidant sources.

And of course, as I continually stress on my site, no supplement replaces a healthy diet of wholesome, unprocessed foods. But this grape seed powder is an excellent complement to your healthy diet in providing you free radical protection and the longevity support of resveratrol.

Each capsule of Purple Defense contains the amount of resveratrol that you would find in 39 eight-ounce glasses of wine. The Japanese Knotweed Root Extract contains 50% resveratrol, ensuring you get a consistent amount in each serving.

Even more importantly it is there as a whole food complex. Combined with other fruit complexes, Purple Defense provides a synergistic blend of micronutrients to give you the full benefits of the foods themselves.

You see, I am somewhat skeptical of scientists who isolate single nutrients with the belief that isolated nutrients can provide a full array of benefits. In my mind, the whole food complex is nearly always superior. And with Purple Defense, you receive the benefits of whole foods.

Purple Defense is rigorously tested for quality, potency, and purity.

Purple Defense grape seed does not require refrigeration. When stored properly, you'll find it will last up to two years.

No known drug interactions (however, those allergic to grapes should not take it).

What makes our Purple Defense resveratrol formula stand out from all the competitors?

First of all, I chose a formula with a proprietary process called OxyPhyte. This unique process concentrates the antioxidant power of specific compounds and preserves the ORAC value. It does this by extracting the phytonutrients responsible to provide you maximum activity.

The bottom line the OxyPhyte process used to formulate Purple Defense helps provide you with very high potency water-soluble antioxidants from the grapes. Not all grape seed formulas use this process.

And this formula even goes beyond grapes. Take a look at why this grape seed formula is so unique.

So, the Purple Defense formula even goes beyond nutritious grapes in providing you additional sources of water-soluble of antioxidants and nutrients.

But how do you know how well these antioxidants work against free radicals?

Over a 138-year time frame, the U.S. Agricultural Research Service (in-house arm of the USDA), developed a method to determine free radical scavenging activity against the peroxyl radical for both water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances.

This methodology, called Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), evolved over the years and today is a good indicator for measuring the antioxidant capacity of foods. The higher the ORAC value, the more antioxidant squelching capacity the food or supplement has.

For example, here's a chart showing Purple Defense nutrients and their potent Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) values (on a per gram basis).

Purple Defense OxyPhyte Nutrients ORAC Values Compared to Other Fruits and Vegetables

It should be clear from the above chart as to the antioxidant potency of the grape seed extract in Purple Defense... even more potent than whole blueberries.

With the total combination of grape seed extract, grape skins, black currant extract, and plum extract, Purple Defense is certainly up to the task.

So, when choosing an antioxidant source, make sure to compare its ORAC values to determine just how well it scavenges free radicals.

There should be little doubt in your mind about how well Purple Defense does this!

You've discovered numerous choices when it comes to protecting yourself from free radical damage and promoting longevity of your cells and tissues.

There are many foods that provide you very good sources of polyphenols and potent antioxidants to help you neutralize the damaging effects of free radicals.

So, I encourage you to consume these foods in moderation. And, of course, your preference should always be for fresh, organic, and raw sources.

At the same time, complement your wholesome diet with Purple Defense, your No. 1 source for water-soluble antioxidants and resveratrol. I believe the research is solid and provides a simple strategy to leverage the hormetic benefits of incredibly useful polyphenols.

Don't wait until free radicals rule your body and your health.* Order Purple Defense today.

Read more:

Purple Defense, Water-Soluble Source of Resveratrol

You've probably heard the term "antioxidants", but do you know why you should eat them and how they can be incorporated into your diet?

Antioxidants are the reason why a diet rich in colourful fruit and vegetables, wholegrains, nuts and seeds is recommended. In fact, theyve been called the superheroes of nutrition. But why exactly is that?

Science lesson 101

To understand what antioxidants are, we first need to understand two key terms: reactive oxygen species (ROS), also called free radicals, and oxidative stress. ROS exist in humans to protect the body against harmful substances from the environment.

When our environment becomes unhealthy and toxins (like car emissions, anti-cancer drugs, pesticides, too much sun and cigarette smoking) bombard our bodies, ROS are formed in an effort to protect the body.

However, when too many ROS are formed, and they are not eliminated, they can damage our cells. ROS are chemically unstable and cause damage by stealing electrons from body cells to make them more stable.

Think of free radicals like a chair with three legs: unstable and unsteady, with the potential to cause damage to the DNA in our cells. This damage is called oxidative stress.

ROS can also bind to fats in the diet and form a harmful substance called lipid peroxidase. Scientists believe that oxidative stress may play a central role in various autoimmune diseases, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, arthritis, stroke, poor immunity, ageing, memory loss, poor vision, and even wrinkles.

How can our bodies fight free radicals?

The body has enzymes that normally scavenge the excess ROS. These are called super oxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. They rely on a large variety of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients in the diet to function optimally.

Thus it appears that a diet high in fats and lacking in vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients contributes to the cell damage responsible for developing chronic lifestyle diseases.

The role of antioxidants

Enter the anti-oxidant: a powerful molecule that empowers the enzymes to neutralise the harmful ROS. There may be hundreds and possibly thousands of substances that can act as antioxidants, each serving a specific task in the body, which is why it is important to have a varied diet.

These include phenolic compounds like caffeic acid (in coffee) and ellagic acid (in green tea); flavonoids like quercetin (e.g. apples, cranberries, onions, lettuce, broccoli, tomato, olive oil); catechins (tea); flavones (celery, parsley) and anthocyanidins (cherries, raspberries, strawberries and grapes), resveratrol (red grapes, red wine), lignans (barley, pomegranate, flaxseeds); tannins (legumes, leafy green vegetables); phytoestrogens (soy); andlutein and zeaxanthin (eggs).

Eat the rainbow

Its easy to eat more antioxidants, just eat a more plant-based diet focusing on foods like fruit, vegetables, wholegrains, nuts and seeds. Focus on eating all the colours of the rainbow when choosing your daily fruit and vegetables with the help of this handy table:

Other foods containing various antioxidant compounds include coffee, green tea, rooibos tea, red wine (in controlled portions), red kidney beans, sweet potato, unprocessed wholegrains (e.g. oats, wholegrain bread, whole-wheat pasta, corn), and eggs.

Should I take antioxidant supplements?

As almost all health organisations globally recommend the consumption of a minimum of five portions of fresh fruit and vegetables daily, it seems a food first approach is the best practice to meet your antioxidant needs.

In fact, there isnt much evidence to support the notion that we get a higher intake of antioxidants in the form of supplements, with some studies showing no benefit, and some studies even reporting that excess antioxidant supplements may have a detrimental effect on our heath.

Simply increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables by experimenting with different tastes and textures and shopping for seasonal produce.

Image credit: iStock

Monique Piderit

The rest is here:
Why antioxidants are the superheroes of nutrition - Health24

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is produced by a variety of plants, such as grapes, peanuts and some berries, in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including stress, injury, UV-radiation and bacterial and fungal infection. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that resveratrol might be a potent anticancer candidate. The antitumor actions are largely attributed to the antioxidant property of resveratrol. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Consult your doctor to determine whether resveratrol supplements are safe for you.

Is This an Emergency?

If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.

As of 2011, there have not been many clinical trials and observations to determine the optimal pharmacological doses of resveratrol. The results of several animal studies conducted by the New York Langone Medical Center suggest that daily doses of 500mg of resveratrol might be safe and potent.

Resveratrol from grape seeds has been widely studied for its potential chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. Grape seeds are preventive agents against various human diseases associated with free radicals, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Grape seed extract is available as a supplement in several forms such as capsules, tablets and liquid extracts. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends 25mg to 150mg of a standardized grape seed extract per day to protect your body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals 2.

Although resveratrol reportedly prevents or treats many human ailments in animal models, few published studies have examined the optimal therapeutic dosage. For adults, the recommended dose for resveratrol supplementation is 40mg daily, according to Dr. Johan Auwerx, a resveratrol researcher at the Huntington College of Health Sciences 1. Preliminary studies reviewed by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University have shown that trans-resveratrol is absorbed more efficiently by the body, but more studies are needed to evaluate the bioavailability of these interesting polyphenols in humans 3.

As of 2011, the most recent evidence suggests that resveratrol has no prominent side effects. However, further studies are needed to ensure its safety for pregnant and nursing women. Be on the safe side and avoid its use until more information is available. Resveratrol is a natural supplier of estrogen, a female reproductive hormone that fuels the development of breast cancer. Therefore, women at high risk of breast cancer should not consume resveratrol. Resveratrol may also decrease the therapeutic effects of anticoagulants, such as warfarin, and could increase the risk of bleeding.

The Wrap Up

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is produced by a variety of plants, such as grapes, peanuts and some berries, in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses, including stress, injury, UV-radiation and bacterial and fungal infection. Preliminary studies reviewed by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University have shown that trans-resveratrol is absorbed more efficiently by the body, but more studies are needed to evaluate the bioavailability of these interesting polyphenols in humans. However, further studies are needed to ensure its safety for pregnant and nursing women. Resveratrol is a natural supplier of estrogen, a female reproductive hormone that fuels the development of breast cancer. Therefore, women at high risk of breast cancer should not consume resveratrol.

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Resveratrol Recommended Dosage | Healthfully

VertexMarketInsights.com has published an innovative statistics of the market titled as Trans Resveratrol Market. To clarify the various aspects, the analyst studies and elaborates the terms by using qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Finance teams can use a variety of corporate planning applications to fulfil the budgeting, planning & financial modelling, needs of their organization, whatever its size, industry and location.

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Download Exclusive Sample of Trans Resveratrol Markets Premium Report @ SummaryICRWorlds Trans Resveratrol market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.The industry report lists the leading #request-sample

Leading Establishments (Key Companies):DSMEvolvaInterHealthMayproLaurus LabsJF-NATURALGreat Forest BiomedicalShaanxi Ciyuan BiotechChengdu YazhongSabinsaChangsha Huir Biological-techXian Gaoyuan Bio-ChemXian Sinuote

Different regions, such as Americas, United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, APAC, China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain, Middle East & Africa, Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey and GCC Countries are focused to give the summarized data about the production of Trans Resveratrol market.

The global Trans Resveratrol Market is served as a backbone for the enlargement of the enterprises. To address the challenges, the report examines different key factors such as drivers and opportunities. Restraints are considered for evaluation of risk in market.

Segments covered in the report

This report forecasts revenue growth at a global, regional & country level, and analyses the market trends in each of the sub-segments from 2015 to 2025. For the purpose of this study, VertexMarketInsights have segmented the Trans Resveratrol market on the basis of type, end-user and region:

Type Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 20152025):SyntheticPlant ExtractFermentation

End Use Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 20152025):Dietary SupplementCosmeticFood and Beverage

Trans Resveratrol Market Summary: This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million US$) and volume. Estimation methodology validate the market size of Trans Resveratrol industry, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Secondary research is used to identify the top players in the market, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. Each type is studied based on classification as Sales, Trans Resveratrol Market Share (%), Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin.

If You Have Any Query, Ask Our Experts @ SummaryICRWorlds Trans Resveratrol market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.The industry report lists the leading #inquiry-before-buying

Report Objectives:

Target Audience:

Table of Content:

Global Trans Resveratrol Market Research Report 2020-2025

Chapter 1: Industry Overview

Chapter 2: Trans Resveratrol Market International and China Market Analysis

Chapter 3: Environment Analysis of Market.

Chapter 4: Analysis of Revenue by Classifications

Chapter 5: Analysis of Revenue by Regions and Applications

Chapter 6: Analysis of Trans Resveratrol Market Revenue Market Status.

Chapter 7: Analysis of Industry Key Manufacturers

Chapter 8: Conclusion of the Trans Resveratrol Market Industry 2025 Market Research Report.

Continued to TOC

For more detailed Pdf Copy of Table of Content Describing Current Value and Volume of the Market with All Other Essential Information click @ SummaryICRWorlds Trans Resveratrol market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.The industry report lists the leading #table-of-contents

****Thanks for reading! You can also request custom information like chapter-wise or specific region-wise study as per your interest. ***

Tags: Global Trans Resveratrol IndustryGlobal Trans Resveratrol MarketGlobal Trans Resveratrol Market growthGlobal Trans Resveratrol Market ShareTrans Resveratrol

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Global Trans Resveratrol Market to Take on Robust Growth by the End 2025 - TechNews.mobi

Resveratrol is a polyphenol found on many food and drinks we consume every day. If you are a wine enthusiast, then you would be happy that this includes wine, especially red wine. It is a supplement that is tested and proven beneficial to your health in many aspects, especially cardiovascular health.

Resveratrol is commonly found on red wines, specifically in the grapes used to produce wine. In the production of this liquor, substances from the grapes are included in pressing in winemaking. Including the skin, where resveratrol is primarily found. This makes wine the best source of resveratrol, which scientists believe in lowering risks of heart disease if consumed moderately.

Due to resveratrols antioxidant properties are known to reduce the pressure exerted in our artery walls as the heartbeats. This blood pressure is called systolic blood pressure, and they strengthen as we age because our artery stiffens as we get old. Thus, the more force is exerted for blood flow. This results in a plethora of heart problems.

Resveratrol works by producing more nitric oxide that relaxes our arteries, which will then lower the blood pressure exerted. However, scientists are still not sure how much dosage an average human could take to maximize resveratrols benefits.

Drinkers of red wine have been found to have an increase in HDL cholesterol more than those who only drink water. Also, wine drinkers have a more significant drop in metabolic syndrome components. Not only that, a survey says that people who drink wine more often before they sleep tend to have better sleep quality than those who dont.

If you drink wine while eating, your blood sugar will significantly lower by 30%. Most people in America typically have a very high post-meal spike after eating, which is the main reason for several inflammations in the body and can cause diabetes, dementia, and other deadly diseases.

In a recent study, 66 participants were divided into two groups: one taking resveratrol supplements and the other taking placebos. All of the participants have diabetes, which also has the same factors in age, body weight, gender, and blood pressure. Various tests were also implemented before and after 45 days of taking the supplements. Tests include blood glucose, body weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

The group assigned with the resveratrol supplements are shown to have lower blood pressure, insulin resistance, and blood glucose. On the other hand, those taking the placebos are shown to have increased blood glucose and lipoprotein.

Several studies suggest that resveratrol might have some effects that reduce the chances of cancer. Scientists said that upon testing resveratrol in animals, the growth of tumors in animals is much slower in progress, especially after chemotherapy. This is because resveratrol reduces the intake of glucose of cancer cells, which suppresses its growth.

Although countless clinical trials have proven these findings, randomized tests are still needed to make sure that resveratrols anticancer growth can be confirmed. This is also mainly because the polyphenol has some adverse effects on the hormones in our body, which is why more clinical trials are needed.

Resveratrols effects on lifespan in all animals are probably the main experiments that are focused on. Evidence suggests that resveratrol has an effect that activates specific genes that are needed to ward off age-related diseases. Much like calorie restriction, resveratrol lengthens lifespan by changing how genes behave.

However, resveratrol has experimented on 60% of all the organisms found on Earth, and this effect is more viable in select organisms like worms and fish, which is genetically different from humans. Thus, further testing is needed.

Although the effects mentioned above are beneficial for the most part, there are also some side effects of resveratrol that are taken into account.

One of these is that resveratrol contains estrogen. Because of this, people who have conditions that affect their hormones such as breast, ovary, and uterus cancer should stay away from consuming products with resveratrol.

Scientists also recommend pregnant women and children to refrain from these products. Furthermore, blood thinners taken by people like aspirin, ibuprofen, and warfarin should avoid resveratrol to avoid the risk of bleeding. Also, a study suggests that a high dosage of resveratrol supplements can be associated with fever, reduced blood cells, and a significant decrease in blood pressure, which can be harmful if not considered.

Before taking resveratrol supplements or products with resveratrol, including wine, talk to your doctor first before consuming, especially if you are on medication. As mentioned before, resveratrol can have an adverse interaction with the medicine you are taking, or worse, the condition that you have.

As far as most studies are concerned, there have been no findings of severe resveratrol side effects. Even then, take caution when taking blood thinners as they can have an adverse impact with resveratrol. Also, it is quite difficult to gauge how much a person can take a dose of resveratrol as there is no recommended dosage created yet by the researchers.

One more thing to take note is the amount of resveratrol found in supplements and even in wine are far lesser than the amount researchers use for studies. Most supplements only incorporate 250 to 500 milligrams, which is much lower than the 2000 milligrams or 2 grams researchers use for research.

Although red wine is more associated with resveratrol, it doesnt mean that you have to consume more wine to maximize the effects of the substance in your body. A lot of organizations and medical experts still recommend a moderate intake of wine because, as you know, too much of something can be harmful. Remember that four ounces of wine are considered as one drink, and not all alcoholic beverages have resveratrol in them. Take this into consideration the next time you visitSokolinto shop for wine.

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How Resveratrol Found in Wine is Beneficial to Your Health? - ChartAttack

From an algae-based treatment for preventing limb amputation, to highlighting the stark gender inequalities in heart attack treatments, the BHF has been funding life-saving research into heart and circulatory diseases throughout 2019. This is all thanks to the generous support of the public - we take a look back on the BHFs research highlights of 2019.

In January, we launched the Big Beat Challenge, one of the largest research grants of its kind in history. This is a single funding award of up to 30 million aiming to encourage international, multi-disciplinary teams to identify a key problem in any heart or circulatory disease and propose a transformational solution.

Our advisory panels, including international scientific experts and members of the public, have been hard at work assessing applications. Keep an eye out for the shortlist of the most exciting projects, which will be announced in early 2020.

Statins are drugs commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol. Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the blood, produced naturally in the liver. There are two types: good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol (non-HDL). We all need some cholesterol for our bodies to work effectively, but if you have too much bad cholesterol, it can clog up your arteries and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.

In February, a study part-funded by us showed that statins lower the risk of heart attack and stroke in all ages by lowering cholesterol levels. Previously, there had been concerns that statins were not so beneficial for those over 75. However, this review of 28 major clinical trials found that statin treatment for the over 75s reduced their risk of a heart attack or stroke by 20 per cent for every millimole per litre reduction in bad cholesterol. This shows that age should not prevent people being prescribed statins.

Smartphones have the potential to transform the diagnosis of certain conditions. Research part-funded by us showed that a smart-phone based ECG recorder could be used in A&E to help diagnose heart rhythm problems. The study included people visiting Emergency Departments after experiencing palpitations (where heartbeats are suddenly more noticeable) or pre-syncope (feeling faint or as if you are going to black out).

Most of the time palpitations are harmless and are caused by factors like caffeine or stress. However, they can be a sign of a serious heart rhythm problem called atrial fibrillation, which can lead to a stroke, so its very important to accurately diagnose the cause. The problem is that by the time someone has an electrocardiogram (ECG) in hospital to detect their heart rhythm, their heart beat may have returned to normal, so the underlying problem cant be diagnosed.

The researchers gave the smartphone-based device to people who came to hospital having experienced palpitations or pre-syncope. The device could be taken home and stuck to the back of a smart phone, for the individual to use if they experienced the same symptoms again. The resulting ECG could then be sent to a doctor to help diagnose the problem. The researchers found that the smartphone device was five times more effective at diagnosing heart rhythm problems than standard tests. Whats more, the device also cut the cost of a diagnosis by an average of 921, from 1395 to 474.

More commonly associated with garden ponds, algae could reduce the need for amputation in people with critical limb ischaemia (CLI). CLI is a severe form of peripheral artery disease, where the blood vessels in the legs and feet become blocked. In some cases, this can eventually result in limb amputation.

Professor Bijan Modarais team developed a way to place macrophages, a type of white blood cell, inside small capsules made from brown algae. Delivering these capsules into the injured limbs of mice helped the cells to stay within the area, where they could drive an increase in blood flow. The team now hope to carry out this research in humans, in the hope that this treatment could reduce the number of people who need an amputation due to CLI.

Before you get too excited, no, this research does not give you licence to drink limitless quantities of red wine in the name of healthy blood pressure. The health risks of drinking alcohol clearly outweigh any benefits of the components of red wine, which may be used separately to develop new treatments.

BHF-funded researchers at Kings College London have found that a molecule called resveratrol, which is found in the skin of red grapes, can lower blood pressure in mice. They gave mice with induced high blood pressure a diet including resveratrol for 15 days and found that their blood pressure dropped by around 20mmHg compared to mice fed a normal diet. This is because resveratrol affects a protein called PKG1alpha, which causes the blood vessels to relax and blood pressure to drop.

To consume the doses of resveratrol given to the mice in this study, you would need to drink 1,000 bottles of red wine a day, which is certainly not recommended. But the potential for researchers to use this molecule to develop a new blood pressure medicine is significant, as high blood pressure is an extremely common risk factor for heart and circulatory diseases - nearly three in ten adults in the UK have it.

The coming of June meant it was time for the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) annual conference in Manchester. Several research projects which were funded by us were presented.

One of these, led by Professor Steffen Petersen, suggested that coffee is not as bad for our heart and circulatory system as previously thought. Previous studies had argued that drinking coffee led to stiffened arteries, which can increase the workload on the heart and so increase your chance of having a stroke or heart attack. This larger study of over 8,000 people found that drinking coffee was not actually associated with having stiffened arteries, even in people who drink up to 25 cups a day. While we definitely wouldnt recommend such a caffeine binge, it does seem that the effect of coffee on your arteries is not as bad as we previously thought.

Also presented was a study which could pave the way for heart patches being trialled in people. The team, led by Professor Sian Harding at Imperial College London, have developed a way to grow thumb-size patches of heart tissue containing up to 50 million human stem cells. These are programmed to turn into working heart muscle that can be seen beating. With further research, these patches could be potentially used in the future to help limit, or even reverse, the loss of the hearts pumping ability after a heart attack.

Heart failure is a debilitating condition which can make simple tasks like climbing the stairs or making a cup of tea feel like a real challenge. It means that your heart is not pumping blood around your body as effectively as it should. We urgently need new and improved ways to improve the quality of life for heart failure patients.

In July, we awarded funding to a team at University College London to test whether a drug which targets a molecule called gasdermin D could help limit the damage to the heart caused by a heart attack. We also made an award to a team at Kings College London, to look at whether another molecule called TAK1 could also play a role in the development of heart failure after a heart attack. While any findings from these studies may still be a way away from helping patients, we could not develop new treatments without advancing our understanding of molecular mechanisms of heart damage.

Our annual Reflections of Research competition brings together art and science, highlighting cutting-edge research into heart and circulatory diseases through eye-catching images. This years winner was Iona Cuthbertson, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, who is looking at how certain types of smooth muscle cell in artery walls grow after injury. Ionas image, A Sea of Cells seems at first glance to be painted with thick brushstrokes. It is actually a close-up image of smooth muscle cells which surround blood vessels, with different molecules within them highlighted with fluorescent markers.

In the UK there are almost 4 million people diagnosed with diabetes. Thats nearly four times the population of Birmingham. Adults living with diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart and circulatory diseases and are nearly twice as likely to die from stroke or heart disease. This is because diabetes can cause damage to your blood vessels.

Research we funded showed that diabetes also causes subtle structural changes to your heart. Led by researchers at Queen Mary University, the team looked at the scans of almost 4,000 hearts, comparing the hearts of people with and without diabetes. They found that the volume of all four chambers of the heart was smaller in people with diabetes by roughly a teaspoon, a change that could be detected before more serious heart muscle damage occurs. In the future, this research could help detect heart damage in people with diabetes earlier, so they can get the required medical treatment.

What do you think of when you hear heart attack? The chances are that the first image that pops into your head is a man, perhaps elderly. It may be less likely that you would think of someone like Esther, who had a heart attack aged 45.

Many people still think of heart attack as a male problem, a misconception we challenged with the publication of our briefing Bias and Biology this autumn. Research funded by the BHF and others has uncovered that at every stage - diagnosis, treatment and aftercare - women who have heart attacks may receive poorer care than men. In fact, UK research has suggested that a woman is 50 per cent more likely than a man to receive the wrong initial diagnosis for a heart attack, and we know that delayed diagnosis is associated with a poorer outlook.

As well as raising awareness of the gender inequalities which exist, as of the end of 2019, we are currently funding 9 million worth of research into heart and circulatory diseases which affect women. For example, a team in Nottingham is looking into whether taking salt supplements during pregnancy could reduce someones risk of developing pre eclampsia, a condition which is potentially life-threatening to mums and babies. Hopefully this combination of research and challenging misconceptions will start to tackle the complex causes of the inequalities in heart health.

How safe is vaping? Well, a new study weve funded found that when heavy smokers switch to e-cigarettes, their blood vessel health improves within one month. If these improvements were sustained, risk of having a heart attack or stroke could be cut by at least 13 per cent by swapping from smoking to vaping. The VESUVIUS study, which is thought to be the largest of its kind, found it made no difference whether you swap to an e-cigarette with or without nicotine.

That isnt to say that e-cigarettes are safe, just that they are less harmful than traditional cigarettes for your heart and circulatory system. In practice, this means that you shouldnt start using e-cigarettes if youve never smoked before, but it may be beneficial for smokers to switch to them as a step to quitting smoking.

Continuing with the cigarette theme, in December we warned that the increased risk of death associated with living in areas of high pollution is equivalent to smoking 150 cigarettes a year. The most dangerous kind of air pollution is a fine particulate matter called PM2.5. Our research has shown that PM2.5 can have a seriously damaging effect on heart health, increasing your risk of heart attack and stroke. The UK council area with the highest annual average PM2.5 is Newham in East London, with an increased risk of death equivalent to smoking 159 cigarettes a year.

But its not all bad news. Recently published research showed how reducing air pollution can have a dramatic benefit on health in a short space of time. This is evidence that decisive national and local policies to tackle air pollution can lead to health improvements. The BHF is calling on the government in 2020 to make such decisive policies by adopting into law tougher World Health Organisation (WHO) air pollution limits.

None of this research could be possible without your help. With your continued support, we will be able to fund even more cutting-edge research into the worlds biggest killers throughout 2020.

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Ever wondered which animal has the most complex heart? Or how what you drink can affect your health? How about if you can die from a broken heart?

Our brightest and best life saving research is brought to you each week.

Read more BHF research blogs

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The BHF's research highlights of 2019 - British Heart Foundation

By JLNJ Staff | January 09, 2020

A team of agricultural researchers in northern Israel is attempting to increase the concentration of beneficial compounds in red wine, without affecting the taste.

(JNS) Israeli researchers are attempting to produce the worlds first super wine that magnifies the health benefits of fermented grapes without compromising on taste, Israel21C reported.

For three years, researchers at Tel-Hai College in northern Israel have been working to make wine healthier by trying to raise the naturally occurring levels of resveratrol, part of a group of compounds called polyphenols. They are found in the skin of red grapes and act like antioxidants, protecting the body against damage that can lead to higher risk of cancer and heart disease.

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, the family of molecules with the most beneficial properties among the components in red wine. The research is focused on increasing the level of stilbenes and resveratrol in the wine grapes.

Wine contains antioxidants and other substances that help our bodies defend against various ailments, but at a relatively low concentration, Meir Shlisel, a senior lecturer in food science at the Academic and Technology College of Tel Hai told Israel21C. We take the grapes and expose them to stress. This is a form of organic stress, not genetic modification or anything like that. Its a bit like how parents pressurize their kids into academic achievements. The grapes naturally begin to produce substances that are healthy for us, only now these substances are at concentrations many times greater.

The next stage in the research involves preparing wine from grapes with high levels of resveratrol and stilbenoids, and testing its organoleptic properties.

More:
Israeli Researchers Are Working to Produce the Worlds First Super Wine - Jewish Link of New Jersey

Let them taunt and tease all they want but take my word for it, there is no shame in being a wine geek. Besides, there are worse things you could be called, right? In case you were wondering, a wine geek is a wine lover who is fascinated by all things wine. Geeks are passionate about everything from soil composition to bottling techniques as they wax poetic about the pros and cons of organic farming and its possible impact on wine making. They also thrive on the excitement of the unknown, especially the opportunity to discover and taste new wines. This, they find true pleasure in.

Wine Snobs on the other hand are more enamored with their own wine greatness, interested only in making grand announcements as to which wines they own and how many bottles they have tucked away. These folks are famous for letting you know how much more they know about wine. Perhaps youve met a few of them, I certainly have.

Of course, some geeks have a habit of taking it too far. After all, if you spend every waking moment of your life in pursuit of wine and wine knowledge then you might need some form of therapy or counseling. Forgoing things like family and friends is not something wine geeks adhere to. In fact, its just the opposite. Its all about keeping a healthy balance.

If there are any doubts as to whether you are a wine geek or not, then take a close look at the list of traits below. Identifying with any of these traits may indeed be a sign that you are a bonafide wine geek. Therefore, congratulations. And cheers.

You know about the health benefits of resveratrol, a compound found in red wine, and that just makes you love the stuff all the more.

You read wine reviews, blogs and columns such as this one, thank you, on a regular basis.

You examine wine closures (cork or screw cap) to determine which works best fascinates you to no end.

You often have questions at the conclusion of a wine seminar or tasting that you must find the answers to.

Your local wine retailer is a close and trusted confidant who knows exactly the type and style wine you enjoy most. They regularly phone or send you text messages alerting you to a new wine that has recently arrived.

You have friends and or family who are always opening and sharing new wines with you.

All the bottles in your wine cellar are dust-free and neatly stored in wooden bins.

You have expensive hand-blown crystal stemware that is always kept under lock and key.

Sitting out on the deck of your home while sipping a chilled glass of sparkling wine and listening to Frank Sinatra sing The Summer Wind brings more pleasure than you can ever imagine.

Your significant other questions who you are more devoted to, them or wine.

A larger than life color portrait of wine pioneer and icon Robert Mondavi hangs over your bed.

Your silver-plated, handmade cork screw cost almost as much as a new side-by-side refrigerator.

The fruit bowl on your dining room table is filled with nothing but grapes, plastic grapes at that.

Finding a rare or limited release wine in a wine shop send thrills through out your entire body.

Wine of the week: Ruffino, 2017 Il Ducale Pinot Grigio, Italy. Bright gold color with aromas of white peach and melon. Firm acidity and lush fruit flavors are enhanced by the long, aromatic finish. $18

Read the original post:

OFF THE VINE: No shame in being a wine geek - Wicked Local

The latest lifestyle, fashion and travel trends

Canadian born Rhian Stephenson is a big name in the health and fitness space.

She joined Psycle as CEO in 2014 and regularly teaches classes at the various boutique fitness studios around London- all of which sell out and are often attended by the A list.More recently she founded the mega-popularArtah Retreats (check out the 2020 schedule here). Set in Spain, at the foothills of the Pyranees, the programmes range from 4-7 days long and are restorative combination of hiking, yoga, massage, LED treatments and relaxing.

A trained nutritionist, naturopath and herbalist, Stephenson uses fitness, diet and supplements to keep her powering on while juggling two businesses. Here, she explains how her routine has changed now she's pregnant, the power of transformational breathwork and the serums she's obsessed with.

"Before I was pregnant the first thing I did in the morningwas make coffee! Now itslemon water with cayenne.

The London boutique fitness studios hosting cool retreats next summer

I love all types of exercise but riding at Psycle is my favourite. I do four rides per week and then three other classes which will be a mixture of our barre and strength classes. I also do a yoga each week, usually straight after one of the other types of classes.

In the morning I always wash with water and then alternate between a hyaluronic serum for hydration and a vitamin C serum. My two favourites at the moment are Skinceuticals H.A Intensifier, 85, and EsteeLauder Advanced Night Repair, 58,(which is super nourishing for the day as well). I finish with Caudalie Resveratrol Lift Cream, 42, - its incredible.

Exercise is my version mindfulness, so Im religious about working out in the mornings. It sets me up perfectly for my day and also ensures I can always get something in just in case my day gets too busy or stressful.

Rhian Stephenson (Psycle)

For lunch, I alternate between having something plant based like brown rice andmixed vegetables, lentils, fromthe Detox Kitchen. Its right by my office so incredibly handy. I have either their salmon andsalads or frittata andsalads.

Im not an advocate of snacking, so before I was pregnant, I didnt snack at all. Now its just not possible! Its usually an apple, carrots & hummus, a boiled egg or some nuts & berries. if Im near Psycle Ill always have a shake as a snack. The Urban Detox is a great one- light but energising.

For me, breathing techniques are the most helpful, not only for dispelling stress but for increasing energy. I learned transformational breath a few years ago, so even just doing fiveminutes of that can be totally restorative if the day is crazy. I also have a 'bed of nails' that I often walk on or lay on, its incredibly stimulating but calming at the same time.

The other thingthat works well for me is spending 10 or 15 minutes on the foam roller. Rolling out the spine, neck, and then tight areas in the chest is amazing for energy and tension.

I drink alcohol - obviously not at the moment - but rarely on week nights. The quality of my sleep and energy are far worse when I drink, so drinking in the work week is completely counterproductive for me. I find it virtually impossible to keep up with the demands of being CEO and still wanting to be healthy if I drink all week, so its just naturally phased out over the years unless theres a special occasion. When I do drink however my go to drinks are tequila (margaritas or on the rocks with lots of fresh lime) or a super good quality red wine.

In the evening, I wash with a cleansing balm by Sunday Riley. Because I exercise so much my skin gets really dehydrated so balms are better for the maintaining hydration and texture. Im obsessed with Allies of Skin Bright Future Sleeping Facial, 110, which I use about threetimes a week as an overnight treatment. Before I was pregnantI used Sunday Rileys A+ Retinoid serum, 70, but have swapped to something without Vitamin A - Herbivore BAKUCHIOL, 45, is amazing. I also use SisleysD-Tox Detoxifying Night Treatment, 158.

To relax before bed, I usually take my dogs for a walk and use that as a cut off for phone use. I dont really do anything in particular unless Ive had an incredibly stressful day, in which case I do a Headspace or meditation of some sort before bed. I adore AromatherapyAssociates Deep Relax Bath & Shower Oil, 49, which I use sometimes before bed. It instantly relaxes me.

Should you use retinol? These skincare experts say no

When it comes to supplements I take adrenal support, vitamin D3 and magnesiumconstantly. I keep 5 HTP at home for times when Im really stressed or need help sleeping,L glutamine if Im training hard, and a probiotic, Vitamin C + Ginseng for immunity.

My biggest self-care extravagance is definitely retreats. I think its virtually impossible to completely switch off and rest when Im still in London, so getting out of the country into a beautiful and nourishing environment where all youre expected to do is rest and relax is key. Whenever I can I head to Artah in Spain (artah.co/) - the Recharge programme is the perfect escape when you need a boost but dont have a full week.

In London I would say that massages are my go-to indulgence. I have twoper month and they are transformative to my energy and ability to relax.

Im alsoobsessed with mesotherapy - a facial treatment involving a series of injections of vitamins, minerals and amino acids - which I have every few months.

Overall, when it comes to wellness, I'mnot into anything too extreme, but themost intense thing Ive done is a stay at theMAYRclinic. They put you on a400kcal per day diet with lots of incredible treatments like IV therapy, colonics, shiatsu. I had just had a complete burnout and been in the hospital for pneumonia so it was exactly what I needed, but its not something I would do regularly as its incredibly extreme.

Im a big fan of alternative treatments. I dont have a regular routine of anything in particular.Ill use acupuncture when Im run down and Ill always do the holistic workshops we run at Psycle - weve done sound baths which are incredible for deep rest and breathwork which is also great for energy, stress and sleep. alternative treatments are a great form of prevention and really help keep me resilient and strong.

Before I became CEO I focused primarily on fitness. I had little stress so it was all about training hard and pushing myself. Now, I run twobusinesses and absolutely need to ensure I stay balanced. If I dont theres no way I could be successful in what I do and stay fit, energised and passionate.I do a retreat every year, and now I make sure that I do things to balance my fitness and energy. Yin yoga, massages and acupuncture are regular parts of my routine now and when I dont do them, I feel a real difference. I want to be as resilient and energetic as possible, so I need to make sure I give back to myself when I push this hard.

Psyclehas opened a new studio on Westbourne Grove.psyclelondon.com

Read more:

Psycle's CEO Rhian Stephenson on the wellness rituals she swears by - Evening Standard

Pterostilbene polyphenol that is often compared to its cousin resveratrol, although it has been found to be much more metabolically stable and bioavailable due to its molecular structure. Pterostilbene can be founding a number of plants.

Herbal extract manufacturer and supplier Sabinsa offers pterostilbene, the active compound in Sabinsas Silbinol range of products. It is extracted from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium, also known as the Indian Kino Tree. Pterocarpus is a genus of pantropical trees in the Fabaceae family and originates from dry, hilly areas of India, Sri Lanka and Nepal.

The ingredient was the subject of a new study published by Sabinsa researchers and academic scientists from Taiwan and China in the journal Molecular Nutrition and Food Research.

The joint study suggests cardioprotective properties in pterostilbene after the researchers found that it reduces Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) formation and decreases vascular inflammation in mice. TMAO is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart disease as well as for colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. With that mind, Sabinsa said, Consequently, ingredients that lower TMAO are welcome additions to the repertoire of supplements.

The researchers found that pterostilbene was shown to influence gut microbiota and lower inflammatory genes in the mice.

The study concluded, These data suggest that amelioration of carnitineinduced vascular inflammation after consumption of pterostilbene is partially mediated via modulation of gut microbiota composition and hepatic enzyme FMO3 gene expression.

In other words,While weve known that Silbinols pterostilbene is a powerful antioxidant, this research has significantly advanced our understanding of its mechanisms of action and benefits for heart health, said Dr. Muhammed Majeed, Sabinsas founder.

When asked about studies beyond mice, Majeed told NutraIngredients-USA that Sabinsa doesn't have any human studies in the pipeline, "but it's an intriguingarea of research."

Source:

Molecular Nutrition and Food Research

Volume 63, Issue 20 Oct 2019 1900514 doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900514

Prevention of Vascular Inflammation by Pterostilbene via TrimethylamineNOxide Reduction and Mechanism of Microbiota Regulation

Author: Y. Koh, et al.

See more here:

Cardioprotective properties found in pterostilbene: Study - NutraIngredients-usa.com

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Resveratrol Supplements Expected to Witness a Fast-paced Growth Over the Forecast Period 2019 2028 - Tech Admirers

The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient alcohol.[1][2] Some studies found that drinking small quantities of alcohol (up to one standard drink per day for women and one to two drinks per day for men) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and early death.[2][3] However, other studies found no such effect.[4]

Drinking more than the standard drink amount increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, stroke[3] and cancer.[5] Mixed results are also observed in light drinking and cancer mortality.[5][6][7][8]

Risk is greater in younger people due to binge drinking which may result in violence or accidents.[3] About 88,000 deaths in the US are estimated to be due to alcohol each year.[9] Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years[10] and excessive alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States.[3] According to systematic reviews and medical associations, people who are nondrinkers should not start drinking wine.[3][7][11]

Wine has a long history of use as an early form of medication, being recommended variously as a safe alternative to drinking water, an antiseptic for treating wounds, a digestive aid, and as a cure for a wide range of ailments including lethargy, diarrhea and pain from child birth.[12] Ancient Egyptian papyri and Sumerian tablets dating back to 2200 BC detail the medicinal role of wine, making it the world's oldest documented human-made medicine.[13]:433 Wine continued to play a major role in medicine until the late 19th and early 20th century, when changing opinions and medical research on alcohol and alcoholism cast doubt on its role as part of a healthy lifestyle.

Nearly all research into the positive medical benefits of wine consumption makes a distinction between moderate consumption and heavy or binge drinking.[3] Moderate levels of consumption vary by the individual according to age, gender, genetics, weight and body stature, as well as situational conditions, such as food consumption or use of drugs.[3] In general, women absorb alcohol more quickly than men due to their lower body water content, so their moderate levels of consumption may be lower than those for a male of equal age.[13]:3412 Some experts define "moderate consumption" as less than one 5-US-fluid-ounce (150ml) glass of wine per day for women and two glasses per day for men.[3][14]

The view of consuming wine in moderation has a history recorded as early as the Greek poet Eubulus (360 BC) who believed that three bowls (kylix) were the ideal amount of wine to consume. The number of three bowls for moderation is a common theme throughout Greek writing; today the standard 750 ml wine bottle contains roughly the volume of three kylix cups (250ml or 8floz each).[15] However, the kylix cups would have contained a diluted wine, at a 1:2 or 1:3 dilution with water. In his circa 375 BC play Semele or Dionysus, Eubulus has Dionysus say:

Heavy alcohol consumption has been shown to have a damaging effect on the cellular processes that create bone tissue, and long-term alcoholic consumption at high levels increases the frequency of fractures.[17] Epidemiological studies (studies done by interviewing subjects and studying their health records) have found a positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and increased bone mineral density (BMD). Most of this research has been conducted with postmenopausal women, but one study in men concluded that moderate consumption of alcohol may also be beneficial to BMD in men.[18]

The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization has classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen.[19]

Studies have shown that heavy drinkers put themselves at greater risk for heart disease and developing potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause higher blood pressure, increase cholesterol levels and weakened heart muscles. Studies have shown that moderate wine drinking can improve the balance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad" cholesterol) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good" cholesterol), which has been theorized as to clean up or remove LDL from blocking arteries.[20] The main cause of heart attacks and the pain of angina is the lack of oxygen caused by blood clots and atheromatous plaque build up in the arteries. The alcohol in wine has anticoagulant properties that limits blood clotting by making the platelets in the blood less prone to stick together and reducing the levels of fibrin protein that binds them together.[21]

Professional cardiology associations recommend that people who are currently nondrinkers should not start drinking alcohol.[11]

One of the short-term effects of alcohol is impaired mental function, which can cause behavioral changes and memory impairment. Long-term effects of heavy drinking can inhibit new brain cell development and increase the risk for developing major depressive disorders. Studies have linked moderate alcohol consumption to lower risk of developing Alzheimer's and dementia though wine's role in this link is not yet fully understood.[13]:3412 A 2009 study by Wake Forest University School of Medicine suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may help healthy adults ward off the risks of developing dementia but can accelerate declining memory for those already suffering from cognitive impairment. The reason for the potential positive benefit of moderate consumption is not yet identified and may even be unrelated to the alcohol but rather other shared lifestyle factors of moderate drinkers (such as exercise or diets). If it is the moderate consumption, researchers theorize that it may be alcohol's role in promoting the production of "good cholesterol" which prevents blood platelets from sticking together. Another potential role of alcohol in the body may be in stimulating the release of the chemical acetylcholine which influences brain function and memory.[22]

Research has shown that moderate levels of alcohol consumed with meals does not have a substantial impact on blood sugar levels. A 2005 study presented to the American Diabetes Association suggest that moderate consumption may lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.[13]:3412[23]

The anti-bacterial nature of alcohol has long been associated with soothing stomach irritations and ailments like traveler's diarrhea where it was a preferred treatment to the less palatable bismuth treatments. The risk of infection from the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, strongly associated with causing gastritis and peptic ulcers as well as being closely linked to stomach cancer, appears to lessen with moderate alcohol consumption.[13]:3412 A German study conducted in the late 1990s showed that non-drinkers had slightly higher infection rates of Helicobacter pylori than moderate wine and beer drinkers.[24]

Wine's positive effects on the metabolism of cholesterol has been suggested as a link to lower occurrences of gallstones among moderate drinkers since cholesterol is a major component of gallstones.[13]:3412

There are several potential causes of so-called "red wine headaches", including histamines/tyramines and the breakdown of some phenolic compounds in wine that carry the chemical messenger for serotonin.[13]:3412 One culprit that is regularly dismissed by allergists as an unlikely cause of red wine headaches is sulfites which are used as a preservative in wine.[25] Wine, like other alcoholic beverages, is a diuretic which promotes dehydration that can lead to headaches (such as the case often experienced with hangovers).[12] In 2006, researchers from the University of California, Davis announced finding from genetic mapping that amino acids in wine that have been slightly modified by the fermentation process may be the cause of wine-related headaches. The research suggest changes in fermentation techniques may help alleviate the risk for wine drinkers sensitive to these amino acids.[26]

Compared to many beers and non-diet sodas, a serving of wine has a moderate amount of calories. A standard 5 fl oz (150ml) serving of red wine (based on an average alcohol content of 13%) contains approximately 106 calories and 2.51g of carbohydrates. A similar serving of white wine contains approximately 100 calories and 1.18g of carbohydrates.[27]

Danish epidemiological studies suggest that a number of psychological health benefits are associated with drinking wine. In a study testing this idea, Mortensen et al. (2001) measured socioeconomic status, education, IQ, personality, psychiatric symptoms, and health related behaviors, which included alcohol consumption. The analysis was then broken down into groups of those who drank beer, those who drank wine, and then those who did and did not drink at all. The results showed that for both men and women drinking wine was related to higher parental social status, parental education and the social status of the subjects. When the subjects were given an IQ test, wine drinkers consistently scored higher IQs than their counterpart beer drinkers. The average difference of IQ between wine and beer drinkers was 18 points. In regards to psychological functioning, personality, and other health-related behaviors, the study found wine drinkers to operate at optimal levels while beer drinkers performed below optimal levels. As these social and psychological factors also correlate with health outcomes, they represent a plausible explanation for at least some of the apparent health benefits of wine.[28]

In 2008, researchers from Kingston University in London discovered red wine[29] to contain high levels of toxic metals relative to other beverages in the sample. Although the metal ions, which included chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium and zinc, were also present in other plant-based beverages, the sample wine tested significantly higher for all metal ions, especially vanadium.[30] Risk assessment was calculated using "target hazard quotients" (THQ), a method of quantifying health concerns associated with lifetime exposure to chemical pollutants. Developed by the Environmental Protection Agency in the US and used mainly to examine seafood, a THQ of less than 1 represents no concern while, for example, mercury levels in fish calculated to have THQs of between 1 and 5 would represent cause for concern.[31]

The researchers stressed that a single glass of wine would not lead to metal poisoning, pointing out that their THQ calculations were based on the average person drinking one-third of a bottle of wine (250ml) every day between the ages of 18 and 80. However the "combined THQ values" for metal ions in the red wine they analyzed were reported to be as high as 125.[30] A subsequent study by the same university using a meta analysis of data based on wine samples from a selection of mostly European countries found equally high levels of vanadium in many red wines, showing combined THQ values in the range of 50 to 200, with some as high as 350.[32]

The findings sparked immediate controversy due to several issues: the study's reliance on secondary data; the assumption that all wines contributing to that data were representative of the countries stated; and the grouping together of poorly understood high-concentration ions, such as vanadium, with relatively low-level, common ions such as copper and manganese. Some publications pointed out that the lack of identifiable wines and grape varieties, specific producers or even wine regions, provided only misleading generalizations that should not be relied upon in choosing wines.[33][34]

In a news bulletin following the widespread reporting of the findings, the UK's National Health Service (NHS) were also concerned that "the way the researchers added together hazards from different metals to produce a final score for individual wines may not be particularly meaningful".[34] Commentators in the US questioned the relevance of seafood-based THQ assessments to agricultural produce, with the TTB, responsible for testing imports for metal ion contamination, have not detected an increased risk. George Solas, quality assessor for the Canadian Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) claimed that the levels of heavy metal contamination reported were within the permitted levels for drinking water in tested reservoirs.[33]

Whereas the NHS also described calls for improved wine labeling as an "extreme response" to research which provided "few solid answers", they acknowledged the authors call for further research to investigate wine production, including the influence that grape variety, soil type, geographical region, insecticides, containment vessels and seasonal variations may have on metal ion uptake.[34]

Although red wine contains many chemicals under basic research for their potential health benefits, resveratrol has been particularly well studied and evaluated by regulatory authorities, such as the European Food Safety Authority and US Food and Drug Administration which identified it and other such phenolic compounds as not sufficiently understood to confirm their role as physiological antioxidants.[35][36]

Cinnamates have been shown to have more antioxidant activity when exposed in vitro to the Fenton reaction (catalytic Fe(II) with hydrogen peroxide) than the other natural phenols present in wine.[37]

Research on potential health effects of resveratrol is in its infancy and the long-term effects of supplementation in humans are not known.[35][38][39]

Resveratrol is a stilbenoid phenolic compound found in wine produced in the grape skins and leaves of grape vines. It has received considerable attention in both the media and medical research community for its potential health benefits[13]:569 which remain unproven in humans.[40][36]

The production and concentration of resveratrol is not equal among all the varieties of wine grapes. Differences in clones, rootstock, Vitis species as well as climate conditions can affect the production of resveratrol. Also, because resveratrol is part of the defence mechanism in grapevines against attack by fungi or grape disease, the degree of exposure to fungal infection and grape diseases also appear to play a role. The Muscadinia family of vines, which has adapted over time through exposure to North American grape diseases such as phylloxera, has some of the highest concentrations of resveratrol among wine grapes. Among the European Vitis vinifera, grapes derived from the Burgundian Pinot family tend to have substantially higher amounts of resveratrol than grapes derived from the Cabernet family of Bordeaux. Wine regions with cooler, wetter climates that are more prone to grape disease and fungal attacks such as Oregon and New York tend to produce grapes with higher concentrations of resveratrol than warmer, dry climates like California and Australia.[13]:569

Although red wine and white vine varieties produce similar amounts of resveratrol, red wine contains more than white, since red wines are produced by maceration (soaking the grape skins in the mash). Other winemaking techniques, such as the use of certain strains of yeast during fermentation or lactic acid bacteria during malolactic fermentation, can have an influence on the amount of resveratrol left in the resulting wines. Similarly the use of certain fining agents during the clarification and stabilization of wine can strip the wine of some resveratrol molecules.[13]:569

The prominence of resveratrol in the news and its association with positive health benefits has encouraged some wineries to highlight it in their marketing. In the early 21st century, the Oregon producer Willamette Valley Vineyards sought approval from the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) to state on their wine labels the resveratrol levels of their wines which ranged from 19 to 71 micromoles per liter (higher than the average 10 micromoles per liter in most red wines). The TTB gave preliminary approval to the winery, making it the first to use such information on its labels.[12] While resveratrol is the most widely publicized, there are other phenolic components in wine that have been the focus of medical research for potential health benefits, including the compounds catechin and quercetin,[13]:569 none of which has been proven to have any health value in humans.[35][36]

Red grapes are high in anthocyanins which are the source of the color of various fruits, such as red grapes. The darker the red wine, the more anthocyanins present.[41][original research?]

Following dietary ingestion, anthocyanins undergo rapid and extensive metabolism that makes the biological effects presumed from in vitro studies unlikely to apply in vivo.[36][42]

Although anthocyanins are under basic and early-stage clinical research for a variety of disease conditions, there exists no sufficient evidence that they have any beneficial effect in the human body.[36] The US FDA has issued warning letters, e.g.,[43] to emphasize that anthocyanins are not a defined nutrient, cannot be assigned a dietary content level and are not regulated as a drug to treat any human disease.[36]

Early medicine was intimately tied with religion and the supernatural, with early practitioners often being priests and magicians. Wine's close association with ritual made it a logical tool for these early medical practices. Tablets from Sumeria and papyri from Egypt dating to 2200 BC include recipes for wine based medicines, making wine the oldest documented human-made medicine.[13]:433

When the Greeks introduced a more systematized approach to medicine, wine retained its prominent role. The Greek physician Hippocrates considered wine a part of a healthy diet, and advocated its use as a disinfectant for wounds, as well as a medium in which to mix other drugs for consumption by the patient. He also prescribed wine as a cure for various ailments ranging from diarrhea and lethargy to pain during childbirth.[13]:433

The medical practices of the Romans involved the use of wine in a similar manner. In his 1st-century work De Medicina, the Roman encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus detailed a long list of Greek and Roman wines used for medicinal purposes. While treating gladiators in Asia Minor, the Roman physician Galen would use wine as a disinfectant for all types of wounds, and even soaked exposed bowels before returning them to the body. During his four years with the gladiators, only five deaths occurred, compared to sixty deaths under the watch of the physician before him.[44]

Religion still played a significant role in promoting wine's use for health. The Jewish Talmud noted wine to be "the foremost of all medicines: wherever wine is lacking, medicines become necessary." In his first epistle to Timothy, Paul the Apostle recommended that his young colleague drink a little wine every now and then for the benefit of his stomach and digestion. While the Islamic Koran contained restrictions on all alcohol, Islamic doctors such as the Persian Avicenna in the 11th century AD noted that wine was an efficient digestive aid but, because of the laws, were limited to use as a disinfectant while dressing wounds. Catholic monasteries during the Middle Ages also regularly used wine for medical treatments.[13]:433 So closely tied was the role of wine and medicine, that the first printed book on wine was written in the 14th century by a physician, Arnaldus de Villa Nova, with lengthy essays on wine's suitability for treatment of a variety of medical ailments such dementia and sinus problems.[45]

The lack of safe drinking water may have been one reason for wine's popularity in medicine. Wine was still being used to sterilize water as late as the Hamburg cholera epidemic of 1892 in order to control the spread of the disease. However, the late 19th century and early 20th century ushered in a period of changing views on the role of alcohol and, by extension, wine in health and society. The Temperance movement began to gain steam by touting the ills of alcoholism, which was eventually defined by the medical establishment as a disease. Studies of the long- and short-term effects of alcohol caused many in the medical community to reconsider the role of wine in medicine and diet.[13]:433 Soon, public opinion turned against consumption of alcohol in any form, leading to Prohibition in the United States and other countries. In some areas, wine was able to maintain a limited role, such as an exemption from Prohibition in the United States for "therapeutic wines" that were sold legally in drug stores. These wines were marketed for their supposed medicinal benefits, but some wineries used this measure as a loophole to sell large quantities of wine for recreational consumption. In response, the United States government issued a mandate requiring producers to include an emetic additive that would induce vomiting above the consumption of a certain dosage level.[12]

Throughout the mid to early 20th century, health advocates pointed to the risk of alcohol consumption and the role it played in a variety of ailments such as blood disorders, high blood pressure, cancer, infertility, liver damage, muscle atrophy, psoriasis, skin infections, strokes, and long-term brain damage. Studies showed a connection between alcohol consumption among pregnant mothers and an increased risk of mental retardation and physical abnormalities in what became known as fetal alcohol syndrome, prompting the use of warning labels on alcohol-containing products in several countries.[13]:3412

The 1990s and early 21st century saw a renewed interest in the health benefits of wine, ushered in by increasing research suggesting that moderate wine drinkers have lower mortality rates than heavy drinkers or teetotalers.[13]:3412 In November 1991, the U.S. news program 60 Minutes aired a broadcast on the so-called "French Paradox". Featuring the research work of Bordeaux scientist Serge Renaud, the broadcast dealt with the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the high fat/high dairy diets of French people and the low occurrence of cardiovascular disease among them. The broadcast drew parallels to the American and British diets which also contained high levels of fat and dairy but which featured high incidences of heart disease. One of the theories proposed by Renaud in the broadcast was that moderate consumption of red wine was a risk-reducing factor for the French and that wine could have more positive health benefits yet to be studied.[46] Following the 60 Minutes broadcast, sales of red wine in the United States jumped 44% over previous years.[47]

This changing view of wine can be seen in the evolution of the language used in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Dietary Guidelines. The 1990 edition of the guidelines contained the blanket statement that "wine has no net health benefit". By 1995, the wording had been changed to allow moderate consumption with meals providing the individual had no other alcohol-related health risk.[26] From a research perspective, scientists began differentiating alcohol consumption among the various classes of beverages wine, beer, and spirits. This distinction allowed studies to highlight the positive medical benefits of wine apart from the mere presence of alcohol. However wine drinkers tend to share similar lifestyle habits better diets, regular exercise, non-smoking that may in themselves be a factor in the supposed positive health benefits compared to drinkers of beer and spirits or those who abstain completely.[48]

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Health effects of wine - Wikipedia

Is Resveratrol Dangerous?

Resveratrol side effects are real, despite its many touted health benefits, so knowing how it can affect the body and interact with certain medications is important.

A polyphenol antioxidant, resveratrol can be found in the skin of grapes (and thats why its in red wine) and other fruit such as blueberries and cranberries, and in peanuts and some root plants like Japanese Knotweed.

When it comes to resveratrol in grapes vs. wine, there is less of it in grapes, simply because wine is a concentrated form of grapesthat is, youd have to eat a lot of grapes to get an equivalent amount. The Food and Drug Administration has not regulated resveratrol, which means thatthe rigorous testing that pharmaceutical drugs undergo has not been applied to this supplement, so caution is advised when taking it.

Is resveratrol safe? As a powerful antioxidant, resveratrol is sought after by many because of the benefits it has for lowering the risk of heart and vascular disease. In 2011, $50 million dollars worth of resveratrol supplements were sold and 90% of those sales were from the U.S. A study published in 2013 in the Journal of Physiology found that too much resveratrol cancelled out the positive changes in the participants blood pressure, HDL (good) and LDL (bad) cholesterol, and atherosclerosis, that exercise alone had made.

Most of the resveratrol side effects reported have been anecdotal to date, including claims (both pro and con) of resveratrols side effects on hair loss. The evidence for whether or not you can use resveratrol for weight loss remains inconclusive. Moreresveratrol side effects are outlined below:

1. Drug InteractionsThere is some evidence to suggest that the dangers of resveratrol supplements make themselves known when taken with other medications. Resveratrol naturally lowers blood pressure and has an anti-coagulant effect, so it could affect how high blood pressure, anti-coagulant, and anti-platelet medications work. There are also reports on resveratrols side effects on liver medication. Be sure to consult your doctor if you plan to take this supplement and are on any of these medications.

2. Estrogenic EffectsResveratrol can act like estrogen in the body, so for women who have breast cancer or for men and women who carry the cancer gene, resveratrol supplementation is not a good idea because estrogen can aggravate estrogen-dependent tumors in both breast and prostate cancer. Again, speak with your doctor before taking these supplements if there is a history of cancer in your family, if you have cancer, or if you carry the cancer gene.

3. Tummy TroublesThere have been some reports of gastrointestinal discomfort from taking resveratrol, so its possible that diarrhea, decreased appetite, and cramping can happen. If any of these symptoms present themselves, stop taking the supplement and talk to your doctor about a resveratrol dosage that works for you, or other alternative ways to get the antioxidant into your system if required.

4. SurgeryResveratrol is an anticoagulant, which means it can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery, so avoid resveratrol two weeks before and after surgery.

5. Arthritis PainAlthough rare, some people have reported joint pain that simulates arthritic pain when two or more grams of resveratrol were taken per day; these patients had no prior arthritic conditions. Pain was also felt in the hands, legs, hips, and Achilles tendons.

6. Jittery FeelingsSimilar to ingesting too much caffeine, some people have reported feeling anxious and jittery when taking resveratrol. If this happens, stop taking it.

7. InsomniaSome people have reported that they found it difficult to sleep when taking the supplement.

8. Flu-Like SymptomsIts possible to have muscle aches and cramps, and just generally feel under the weather when taking resveratrol. If these flu-like feelings dont pass within five to seven days and disappear after stopping the resveratrol, then its likely it was the supplement making you feel this way.

9. Blood in the UrineFinding some blood in your urine can also happen. If so, stop using resveratrol immediately and check with your doctor.

10. AcneMany drugs and supplements cause acne, and this is one of them. Your body will likely adjust to it and the acne will disappear over time, but if it becomes an issue, simply stop taking it and the acne should clear up.

Eating resveratrol foods is a natural way to get some of the antioxidant without the hefty potential side effects found in the supplement form. You wont be getting too much of it at once, and you will also benefit from the nutrients, minerals, and fiber found in those natural sources. Four foods that are good to eat to get more resveratrol in your diet are:

Getting resveratrol to take advantage of its health benefits is a good idea and eating the foods listed above will give you what you need. Keep in mind that supplements do have side effects, and most natural foods do not, so decide which way is best for you to get your supplementation of this antioxidant. Remember, resveratrol side effects are real, so knowing how it can affect the body and interact with certain medications is important. Speak with your doctor first.

Sources for Todays Article: Negative Effects of Resveratrol, Livestrong web site; http://www.livestrong.com/article/34699-negative-effects-resveratrol/, last accessed March 14, 2016. Is Too Much Resveratrol Harmful?, Everyday Health web site; http://www.everydayhealth.com/columns/bill-abraham-heart-disease-prevention/is-too-much-resveratrol-harmful/, last accessed March 14, 2016. Resveratrol Supplements, Web MD web site; http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/resveratrol-supplements?page=2, last accessed March 14, 2016. Resveratrol Side Effects, Web MD web site; http://vitamins.lovetoknow.com/resveratrol-side-effects, last accessed March 14, 2016. Resveratrol Side Effects and Possible Health Dangers, Nootriment web site; http://nootriment.com/resveratrol-side-effects/, last accessed March 14, 2016. 4 Foods that Are Good Sources of Resveratrol, LiveScience web site; http://www.livescience.com/39125-foods-good-sources-resveratrol.html, last accessed March 14, 2016.

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Resveratrol Side Effects and Health Hazards

1. Longer Life Span

Resveratrol health benefits include the fact that this supplement can help you live longer, while staying healthier at the same time. Scientific studies in mice Showed that the supplement contributed to a 20% longer life span, although no studies in humans have been performed to.

2. Lessen The Physical Effects of Aging

One of the most well-known grape seed extract benefits Is that the physical signs of aging are slowed down and diminished. This means that you can stay younger looking no matter what your age.

3. May Prevent Heart Disease

Resveratrol has been shown to help protect your heart and prevent heart disease. There are no serious Resveratrol side effects to worry about with this treatment either. The French have high amounts of this compound in their diet and eat a diet high in fat, yet they have very low levels of heart disease.

4. Cancer Fighting Properties

Resveratrol breast cancer remedy is becoming more common, because this compound has cancer fighting properties which not only help with breast cancer but also many other types as well. In some cases using this compound can be just as effective as chemotherapy, only without all of the negative side effects.

5. Anti Inflammatory Properties

Resveratrol health benefits include the fact that this compound acts as an anti-inflammatory in the body, decreasing swelling and inflammation naturally.

6. Increased Energy

If you want more energy than you should buy grape seed extract, because in some studies this compound has been shown to increase energy levels and fight fatigue.

7. Lowers Blood Sugar

A lower blood sugar is one of the many Resveratrol health benefits, and this compound can help keep your blood sugar stable and at the ideal amount.

8. Weight Loss Solution

Resveratrol weight loss has been scientifically proven, so this compound can make an excellent dieting supplement. Individuals who used to supplement reported more weight loss and weight loss which was more permanent.

9. Rich in Antioxidants

Resveratrol health benefits include the fact that this compound is extremely rich in antioxidants, and these antioxidants help prevent damage to your cells and keep you healthy.

10. Nutritional Support

Nutritional support is another of the numerous Resveratrol health benefits. Because this compound comes from grapes and other foods it is very rich and nutrient which your body needs for optimal health and function.

Continued here:

Top 10 Resveratrol Health Benefits - Health Articles 101

Eniva ResVante is is a highly specialized liquid trans-resveratrol dietary supplement formulated with BOTH high-potency trans-resveratrol and a proprietary blend of red wine and citrus flavonoids.

High-potency compound that supports healthy aging* A potent antioxidant that supports cardiovascular health* Supports healthy mitochondrial biogenesis and function* Aids in sustained muscle function* Helps to counteract muscle fatigue and supports muscle recovery after exercise* Supports energy and stamina* Mimics the effect of calorie-restricted diets with promoting longevity* Supports a healthy weight* Aids immune system function* The benefits of red wine without the alcohol*

Eniva ResVante Reserve is a highly concentrated, non-alcoholic, trans-resveratrol dietary supplement formulated to support healthy aging.*

ResVante contains 99% ultra pure trans-resveratrol at a clinically effective and potent concentration. ResVante also contains a specialized phytonutrient and proprietary red wine complex designed to enhance trans-resveratrol action in the body, supporting cardiovascular and neurologic health.* and is the first and only trans-resveratrol liquid RESERVE formulation now available to the public!

The Potency Factor The Nutrient Delivery Factor The Safety Factor The RESERVE Factor

The Potency FactorWhile trans-resveratrol is found in red wine, it is in a very low concentration. Researchers have found the amount of trans-resveratrol needed to significantly activate human genes in clinical studies vastly exceeded the amount of wine that would ever be healthy to drink. ResVante contains 99.9% pure, validated trans-resveratrol at a clinically effective and potent concentration. It provides proven cofactor synergy through the presence of concentrated natural phytonutrients from resveratrol-containing fruits and a proprietary red wine complex.

The Nutrient Delivery FactorResveratrol is a nutrient that is only moderately absorbed from the human gut and the absorptive efficiency of the body decreases as we age. Unlike tablet and pill products, the advanced nutrient delivery system of ResVante solves this issue through its proprietary and "activated" liquid design which maximizes the absorptive potential of trans-resveratrol. ResVante contains specialized red wine complex nutrients to promote prolonged use by the body through metabolic channeling.

The Safety FactorMost resveratrol used in nutritional products is of low quality and imported from questionable locations where quality and human rights are not a priority. Plus, the manufacturing locations of the finished store-shelf products are often kept hidden from the consumer, even within the United States. ResVante provides 99.9% pure, validated trans-resveratrol free from pesticides and other contaminants. ResVante contains trans-resveratrol sourced from the wine country of France and comprehensive pesticide, herbicide, heavy metal and microbial testing is performed on all ResVante phytonutrient ingredients. Manufactured in the USA at the Eniva Nutraceutics state-of-the-art FDA-inspected facility under strict governmental GMPs, ResVante contains no fillers or binders, no additives, no artificial flavors or colors, no animal products.

The RESERVE FactorOnly ResVante delivers validated trans-resveratrol from the French wine country in an activated liquid design with synergistic cofactors and a proprietary red wine extract complex (RWEC). ResVante is nitrogen flushed for maximum protection and freshness.

Trans-resveratrol is the secret, age-defying and health-promoting nutrient found within red wine. The discovery by a Harvard Medical School researcher shows that concentrated resveratrol activates human genes responsible for longevity, survival and cardiovascular health, has triggered worldwide research into this powerful health-sustaining substance.

Resveratrol molecules have been shown to turn on the pathways that repair DNA celluar damage to slow the aging process. The important factors of resveratrol potency and concentration are key to its effect. The outstanding health benefits recently discovered have been uniquely experienced from using concentrated resveratrol. Researchers are tapping into the natural matrix whereby resveratrol, made by plants to protect themselves from stress, transfers these natural benefits to significantly support health.*

Resveratrol has been shown to extend the lifespan of various species, most recently demonstrated in mice fed a high calorie diet.

In studies of lifespan and aging in vertebrates (fish and mice), other positive effects of resveratrol were also shown:

Maintenance of nurocognitive function* Improved balance, sensory-motor coordination and endurance*

Additional study of genes in these animals suggest resveratrol works through various mechanisms including those that alter energy metabolism and cell survival.*

Resveratrol appears to have an effect on similar genes as caloric restriction, a model known for reducing the effects of aging.*

Resveratrol is a natural and powerful antioxidant, a polyphenol, most notably found in red wine, found to counteract the aging effects of free radical damage. It helps activate your body's natural defense mechanism and provides nutrients to support total wellbeing.* The outstanding health benefits of recently discovered resveratrol have been uniquely experienced with consumption of appropriate concentrated resveratrol.* Research also indicates that resveratrol mimics the life-lengthening effects of calorie restriction without dieting.*

Grapes and wine Cranberries Peanuts Mulberries Blueberries Giant knotweed (Polygonum Cuspidatum) Jackfruit

Aqueous Stabilization: Eniva's liquid proprietary nutrient stabilization process.

Scientific References: Data on file, Eniva Corporation, 2017.

* This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Eniva Nutraceutics has no affiliation with Harvard University. Nor does Harvard University endorse ResVante.

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Resveratrol Supplements | Resveratrol Supplement | Buy ...

Part 2: of Resveratrol Health Series: Egg Quality, PCOS, Cardiovascular, Anti-Aging and Beyond.

Originally published by Dr. Erica Nikiforuk in Naturopathic Currents in January 2014, you can read the original article here.

This article has been broken down into a four part series, and links to the other parts of this series will be listed below as published.

So far, we have described the basis for resveratrol as an antiaging compound. As is well known, fertility declines with age, and it seems that this process can be sped up by the presence of oxidative damage. Therefore, as it relates to fertility, resveratrol may have a role in preserving fertility, protecting immature egg cells or oocytes, and potentially extending the fertile years.

The decline in female fertility begins in a womans early 30s. In fact, a womans chronological age is often cited as the single most important factor in predicting the reproductive potential of a couple. A womans age will impact both the quantity of oocytes (immature eggs waiting to be released) as well as the quality of the eggs.[4] While assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) can often increase the number of eggs available to fertilize through induction of superovulation, few interventions exist which can favorably impact the quality of the eggs.[4] As such, poor egg quality often hinders a couples ability to conceive.

Each woman is born already possessing all of her egg cells; they are located in each of her ovaries, and are arrested in middevelopment at birth. For 10 to 15 years until puberty, these immature eggs will remain quiescent, until a hormonal cascade signals their growth, ovulation, or atresia (normal breakdown process). During this prolonged wait period, the immature eggs are susceptible to damage caused by free-radical accumulation.[4] Damage to mitochondria, telomerase, and mutations in the DNA affect egg quality and a womans chances of conceiving, as they hinder the ability of the egg to survive and grow.[4] As described earlier, resveratrol plays a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by activating antiaging genes, protecting mitochondrial function, and enhancing telomerase activity.[4] Several animal studies have highlighted the potential ability of resveratrol to favorably impact both egg quality and quantity.

A 2013 study was carried out in mice to assess whether resveratrol could protect oocytes from damage caused by free radicals. Given the plausible mechanism, the researchers wondered whether resveratrol could maintain oocyte quality over time, thus prolonging the reproductive years.[4] The results were very impressive and provided evidence of a fertility-sparing effect of resveratrol in the female mouse. Mice who had been given resveratrol maintained a larger follicle pool than their age-matched controls.

Furthermore, telomerase activity, and gene expression in the ovaries of the mice receiving resveratrol resembled that of younger mice, indicating resveratrol was able to slow was able to slow the aging process in the ovaries and preserve oocyte quality.[4] A second animal study showed similar results, with resveratrol-treated animals maintaining a greater number of oocytes in the follicular pool.[12] Thus, both of these studies demonstrated that treatment with resveratrol is able to favorably impact both the quality and the quantity of oocytes and extend reproductive life span in rodents.[4, 12] It should be noted that although these results seem very promising, there is a need to confirm these effects in humans, as the applicability to extending the human reproductive period remains to be determined.[4]

A second common condition affecting fertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A newly published study assessed whether resveratrol could pact the follicles of women suffering from PCOS or obesity-related infertility who were undergoing IVF. In women with obesity and/or PCOS, elevated levels of oxidative stress are proposed as a major contributing factor to infertility. For instance, these women have elevated levels of oxidized LDL cholesterol (i.e. damaged LDL), which circulates through the body and subsequently damages various cells and tissues. In the ovary, high levels of oxidized LDL damage developing follicles, which can reduce the chances of ovulation. In fact, in these women, levels of oxidized LDL were approximately double and were found to correlate negatively with the success of IVF outcomes.[13]

The study went on to evaluate whether resveratrol could protect the granulosa cells (the cells which surround and nourish the oocyte) from the damaging effects of oxidized LDL. In the presence of oxidized LDL, the follicle was less likely to survive. However, when the granulosa cells were exposed to resveratrol, markers of oxidative stress were significantly reduced, and the cells were better able to survive.[13] As a whole, the study highlights a potential role for resveratrol in reducing oxidative stress in the ovary, thereby improving fertility outcomes for women who suffer from infertility related to PCOS or obesity.[13] Future human trials may help to more fully understand the extent of benefits and possible transgenerational effects of the use of resveratrol to improve fertility outcomes.[13]

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Resveratrol and Fertility | Egg quality, PCOS and ...

We'd all like an elixir that makes us live a long, healthy life. And if that elixir were red wine...all the better! However (of course there's a however), although red winedoeshave a lot of potential health benefits, it's far from being a cure-all. It should still be consumed with caution. Here's what we know about red wine and longevity.

In an effort to understand the "French Paradox'" (why French people can indulge in fatty foods but not develop heart disease), red wine came into focus in 1991 on an episode of "60 Minutes." Since then, scientists have been feeding components of red wine to mice and other animals in an attempt to understand the full health benefits.

Red wine is high in flavonoids, which are antioxidants. Antioxidants help prevent certain molecules, known as free radicals, from damaging cells.

One of the most studied flavonoidsis resveratrol, which is found in grape skins and seeds. It's also found in some other plant foods, includingcranberries, mulberries, lingonberries, peanuts, and pistachios.

Research has credited resveratrol with possibleprotective effects against a variety of diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimers disease. Plus, it's been linked to longevity.

According to research,resveratrol may act on several parts of your body to improve longevity:

Studies have shown that calorie restriction can play a role in longevity.

In part, that's because calorie restriction can activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which in turn can spur the "longevity genes" SIRT1 and SIRT2. Resveratrol seems to act along the same pathways to mimic the effect of caloric restriction on your cells (or at least in the cells and lifespans of yeast, fruit flies, and mice).

If you drink wine or any other alcohol, you should do so moderately to get any potential health benefits from it. Moderate drinking is defined as up to one drink a day for women and two for men.

If you don't currently drink alcohol, don't start. If you drinkmorethan the recommendations for "moderate" drinking, those health benefits get canceled out by the health risks associated with high consumption of alcohol.

That being said, the dose of resveratrol used in studies far exceeds the amount of resveratrol you'd get in a glass of wine.

If you don't drink wine, you might be wondering if you should be taking resveratrol supplements. As a rule, it's generally better to get polyphenols directly from the source. In this case, if not from wine, then from peanuts, red grapes, and blueberries. Not only is it more enjoyable to get your nutrients from food than from pills, it's also likely to deliver the nutrients in a complete package.

Research studies come and go regarding the health benefits of wine and scientists are continuing to understand the role of flavonoids in aging. Keeping these things in mind, drinking red wine is not going to necessarily increase your lifespan.

There are many other factors that play into your health and a good diet,exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices are still likely more beneficial more than a glass of wine.

Sources:

Novelle MG, Wahl D, Diequez C, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Resveratrol Supplementation: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Go?Ageing Research Reviews. 2015;21:115. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.01.002 .

Park SJ, et al.Resveratrol Ameliorates Aging-Related Metabolic Phenotypes by Inhibiting Camp Phosphodiesterases. Cell. 2012;148(3):42133.doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.017.

Testa G, Biasi F, Poli G, Chiarpotto E.Calorie Restriction and Dietary Restriction Mimetics: a Strategy for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity.Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2014;20(18):295077. doi: 10.2174/13816128113196660699.

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Do Flavonoids in Red Wine Help You Live Longer?

Resveratrol is one of many naturally occurring plant chemicals called polyphenols. This important polyphenolic compound is found in grapes, peanuts and blueberries, as well as spruce, eucalyptus and other plants (not all of them edible). Red wine is rich in it, and white wine has some, too. Many reports have called resveratrol the ingredient in wine that appears to protect wine drinkers from cardiovascular disease.

First isolated in 1940, the resveratrol molecule is purported to help or prevent degenerative diseases of agingeverything from diabetes and cardiovascular disease to cancer and Alzheimer's disease. It's also said to combat the effects of aging on a cellular level and have neuro-protective effects. The claims in magazine ads, on TV and all over the Internet are eye-catching. For instance: "Harvard researcher says resveratrol is the Holy Grail of aging research." Research from other prestigious institutions, such as Johns Hopkins, the Salk Institute and the University of California is also often cited to make the case that resveratrol holds the secret to longevity.

Many scientists have been studying resveratrol, and research findings have been tantalizing. Almost 4,000 studies have been done on it, the vast majority of them in test tubes or in animals. More human studies have been published in recent years, though virtually all have been small and preliminary. Resveratrol bioavailability can vary considerably from person to person.

Many modern medicines come from plants; aspirin is perhaps the best-known example. Still, not all remedies extracted from plants have proven successful. In addition, many nutrients and phytochemicals work best as team playersnot as isolated elements to be swallowed in large doses.

Bottom line: Resveratrol is a promising compound, but so far there have been no clinical trials on its effects on diseases and longevity. As a 2011 systemic review paper in the online journal PloS ONE concluded, the published evidence is not strong enough to justify recommending resveratrol beyond the amount from dietary sourcesthough animal data on the prevention of various cancers, heart diseases and diabetes indicate the need for more human trials.

Many such studies are now underway. The supplements appear to be safe (except for gastrointestinal distress at high doses), but their long-term effects are an open question. No one knows yet what doses are optimal or who would benefit mostor how resveratrol compares to other plant compounds or drugs. Until more is known, get your resveratrol from your diet: grape juice, grapes, blueberries, peanuts and wine.

Originally published October 2009. Updated February 2014.

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Can Resveratrol Fight Aging? | Berkeley Wellness

Pterostilbene is a chemical cousin of resveratrol. Both are naturally-occurring, with trace amounts in grapes, wine, blueberries and other berries. Both are a kind of natural antibiotic, produced by plants in self-defense when they are threatened with a fungal infection.

In 2003, resveratrol made a splash in the press after an MIT lab found that it was able to activate longevity genes called sirtuins that we share with mice and many lower specieseven yeast cells. This story was told alongside the French paradoxhow are the French able to eat a rich diet and still have low rates of heart disease? Maybe the answer was to be found in the red wine which is a staple of French dining, and maybe resveratrol is the active ingredient in red wine?

Following the news from MIT, there was a flurry of interest in resveratrol, both from the health community and from university labs around the world. Health enthusiasts began taking resveratrol without waiting for the results. Resveratrol became a staple on the shelves of drug stores and health food outlets. Then, over the last decade, many benefits of resveratrol were documented in different lab animals. Resveratrol extends life span in yeast cells, in lab worms, in fruit flies, and in Nothobranchius [1], a species of African fish that has a life span only a few months, and so is convenient for laboratory tests of longevity. Resveratrol had a perfect record, extending life span in every species that was tested, until the results came in for mice. Mice are mammals, closer to us than any of the other tested species, and resveratrol failed to extend life span in normal lab mice, though various benefits were noted, especially for obese mice on a high-fat diet. More recent research suggests that pterostilbene has similar benefits in helping mice avoid the health consequences of obesity [2].

Before 2003, both resveratrol and pterostilbene had been known to science, but only a few researchers were interested. What changed? David Sinclair was not only a bright and productive young researcher, but an ambitious entrepreneur and publicist as well. With the force of his energy and personality, Sinclair put resveratrol on the map, and generated excitement, both in scientists and in the public and the press.

It was a historic accident that so much attention was lavished on resveratrol, and comparatively little on pterostilbene. We know much less about it. There are about a thousand research articles on resveratrol coming out each year, and less than 100 for pterostilbene. There are no tests of the effect of pterostilbene on life spannot with any species of lab animal. But from the physiological effects, we might expect that pterostilbene works better than resveratrol. And, unlike resveratrol, pterostilbene is readily absorbed by the body.

Pterostilbene has its own history, far older than the French wine connection. Pterostilbene was recognized in the Ayurvedic tradition of South Asia, and used as a heart tonic in the form of darakchasava [3]. The first recorded use of darakchasava was in India around 400 AD, and is written up in a Sanskrit text called Sushruta Samhita.

Resveratrol and pterostilbene are strong anti-inflammatories, with inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 [4,5]. COX-2 inhibition is the important one, associated with lower risk of cancer and dementia, while COX-1 has mixed benefits and problems.Both pterostilbene and resveratrol show activity against cancer [6] cells in cell cultures.Both pterostilbene and resveratrol are powerful anti-oxidants, but this is probably not the source of their benefit. The whole oxidative theory of aging has been in decline [7] for quite some years, since the failure of anti-oxidant vitamins to extend life span [8, 9].When pterostilbene is directly compared to resveratrol in cell cultures and animal studies, often pterostilbene performs better.

For resveratrol, questions of dosage have still not been resolved, despite a decade of research. The problem is that experimental results have led in contradictory directions. Commercial capsules of resveratrol tend to be between 50 and 250 mg. For comparison, a glass of red wine might have a small fraction of 1 mg [10]. Is more better? In life span experiments with various animals, often the highest dose does not correspond to the longest life span. And, more bewildering yet, the optimal dosage varies depending on the species and the way in which it is administered. In one study with mice, enormous doses created mice with superpowers of endurance and strength, but they did not live longer. It is common in experiments with mice to give doses equivalent to 100 pills a day for humans, or a small swimming pool full of red wine [11].

Compared to resveratrol, pterostilbene is found in much smaller quantities in fruits and berries. A pint of blueberries has only 0.03 mg. But pterostilbene is far more bioavailable than resveratrol. About 20 times as much is absorbed by the body, and it lasts in the body up to 7 times longer [10]. Nothing is known about optimal dosage in animals, let alone in people.

There are many studies conducted in cell cultures grown in a petri dish in a lab, demonstrating that pterostilbene kills cancer cells, or slows their growth, or causes normal cells not to progress into cancer cells when they are chemically attacked. For example, pterostilbene sends lung cancer cells into self-destruct mode, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) [12]. Pterostilbene inhibits the inflammatory action of NFB [13], and slows the growth of colon cancer cells [6]. There are many more such studies, because cell culture studies are comparatively easy and inexpensive. In addition to lung and colon cancers, pterostilbene has been found to have activity against cancers of the liver, blood, skin, pancreas, prostate, and stomach.But the next step is to ask whether pterostilbene can cure cancer in a live animal; or better yet, do mice that are fed pterostilbene have a lower cancer risk than mice without pterostilbene? There are as yet very few of these live studies.

Rats were fed pterostilbene (or a control diet) and challenged with a chemical that induces colon cancer. The pterostilbene rats had modestly lower incidence of colon cancer [14]. Another study found that pterostilbene had a more powerful effect than resveratrol in preventing colon cancer [15]. Pterostilbene lowered the rate of metastasis for liver cancer [16]. Similar benefits were found for slowing growth of pancreatic cancer [17].

Type II Diabetes is a disease with growing prevalence in the Western world, driven by high-carbohydrate diets and increasing rates of obesity. But even for people who are keeping their weight down and their exercise up, blood sugar regulation tends to get worse with age, and this contributes to all the diseases of old age. Loss of insulin sensitivity causes the body to pump out more insulin, which causes further loss of sensitivity. It happens to all of us, if we live long enough.

Pterostilbene can help retain insulin sensitivity. Rats fed a hi-carb diet were protected from diabetes in a manner comparable to the long-time champion prescription drug, metformin [18]. Pterostilbene lowered blood sugar in diabetic rats [19].

PPAR- is a transcription factor, a gene that regulates other genes. It plays a key role in the response to fasting, initiating ketogenesis. Pterostilbene (but not resveratrol) has been found to promoe the action of PPAR- (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) [20]AMP Kinase (AMPK) is a master hormone that stimulates cells to pull sugar out of the blood. This means more sugar burned, less stored as fat. Metformin works in this way, and pterostilbene has also been found to activate AMPK [21].

Metformin is a known anti-aging drug, extending life span in rodents and lowering mortality rates in humans. Maintaining insulin sensitivity has a ripple effect that helps prevent heart disease, strokes, dementia, and cancerthe four major killers. We know that pterostilbene works on some of these same pathways, but we dont yet have the data to know whether it extends life span in rodents or lowers mortality rates in humans.

A 2005 study from US Dept of Agriculture [20] reported that pterostilbene beats out resveratrol in its effect on the HDL/LDL ratio in the blood (more good cholestrol, less bad cholesterol). Tests were performed with hamsters.

In a 2012 manufacturer-sponsored drug trial, pterostilbene was found to lower blood pressure in middle-aged people at elevated risk for heart disease. The reduction was about 7mm. Lowering blood pressure doesnt always lead to lower rates of heart disease; for example simply cutting down on salt can lower blood pressure, but it does so for the wrong reasons, and heart disease risk actually rises on a low-salt diet. But pterostilbene seems to be lowering blood pressure in the right way: by chemically reducing plaques (obstructions) in the arteries, and making the artery walls less stiff. There is good reason to think that pterostilbene can lower risk of heart disease, but this study has not yet been done.

Endothelial cells line our arteries, and in healthy, young people they are constantly being replaced in a process of remodeling. But as we get older, healthy endothelial cells commit suicide (apoptosis, again), and the integrity of the arteries is compromised [22]. This is one of the striking ways that the body seems literally to be destroying itself at older ages, and it contributes substantially to heart disease and strokes. Pterostilbene lowers the rate of apoptosis in endothelial cells, helping to delay heart disease and stroke by maintaining the integrity of the arterial walls [23].This benefit is the more impressive when remember that pterostilbene increases the rate of apoptosis in cancer cells. There seems to be a double benefit from pterostilbene, helping to preserve healthy cells and get rid of malignant ones.

In a 2012 study out of Case Western Reserve [24], mice were bred to be vulnerable to Alzheimers disease, and pterostilbenebut not resveratrolhelped delay the disease. Using spatial memory tests that are standard for rats and mice, they showed that the mice actually improved performance when fed pterostilbene.

Rats show a decline in memory with age that can be measured in the lab, and various stilbenes (including resveratrol) were tried to bring the rats memory back. Pterostilbene worked best [25]. The same study showed that pterostilbene could help maintain levels of dopamine, suggesting that it might be useful in preventing Parkinsons disease.

A number of studies have reported memory improvement and neuro-protective effects of blueberries in humans [26, 27] and in animals [28, 29], but none, to my knowledge, has tried to identify whether pterostilbene was the active agent in blueberries responsible for the benefit.

Several authors have written speculatively about pterostilbene as a general anti-aging tonic [25, 30,31]. I think we just dont know yet.It has become increasingly clear [32] that aging is more about gene expression than about genes. Which genes get turned on, when and where? This is the science of epigenetics. The body has the same genes throughout the life span, but genes are turned on and off to choreograph all the changes that take place during development of the embryo, growth, and puberty. Gene expression continues to change, more slowly, after puberty, and genes for protection, regeneration and detoxification are turned off when we need them most. Certain genes are turned on late in life, with devastating effects on the body, promoting cell death and raising inflammation to dangerous levels.

SIRT genes have the effect of keeping these harmful genes silent, shutting them off. In this way, they suppress one of the core causes of aging. It was the connection with SIRT that put resveratrol on the map, but curiously, the SIRT connection has become quite controversial. Some labs claim a strong connection between resveratrol and SIRT expression, while others, doing very similar experiments, find no connection whatever. The difference remains unresolved, even as it has become the subject of heated debate. Whether pterostilbene activates SIRT is a subject that has barely been investigated, but here [24] is the one study I found, claiming that neither pterostilbene nor resveratrol activated SIRT in mice. A Japanese study [33] claims that resveratrol does activate SIRT, and that pterostilbene is almost twice twice as potent.

Meanwhile, there are other epigenetic benefits from both pterostilbene and resveratrol that have been well-documented, including AMPK activation and NFkB suppression, as I have mentioned.

Benefits of resveratrol are well-documented because there has been so much money and lab time devoted to studying it in the last decade, both in animals and in humans. Pterostilbene is a similar compound, rarer and more bioavailable. There is some reason to believe that pterostilbene might have health and anti-aging benefits that surpass resveratrol, but we wont know for sure until the studies are done. Though there are many studies for the effect of resveratrol on various animals, including rodents, there is only one study [34], to my knowledge, that included pterostilbene in testing longevity in mice. In this study, from the Spindler lab at University of California, mice were given a combination of many neutraceuticals, including blueberry extract containing a small amount of pterostilbene, and the combination did not affect life span. Pterostilbene deserves a study all its own.

Note: After preparing this article, I learned about Examine.com, which would have saved me a great deal of time and searching. The site includes an index to articles about hundreds of different supplements. There are, at the time of this writing, 55 references on pterostilbene.

Josh Mitteldorf, Ph.D.

About the author: Josh Mitteldorf takes a unique view of health and aging, based on the genetics and evolution of aging. His research has been published in evolutionary journals as well as journals of medical gerontology. In addition to his academic work, Josh publishes a weekly blog for the scientific public, covering different aspects of aging, and a page of health advice for longevity.

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Literature Cited:

1. Valenzano, D.R., et al., Resveratrol prolongs lifespan and retards the onset of age-related markers in a short-lived vertebrate. Curr Biol, 2006. 16(3): p. 296-300.2. Gmez-Zorita, S., et al., Pterostilbene, a Dimethyl Ether Derivative of Resveratrol, Reduces Fat Accumulation in Rats Fed an Obesogenic Diet. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014. 62(33): p. 8371-8378.3. Paul, B., et al., Occurrence of resveratrol and pterostilbene in age-old darakchasava, an ayurvedic medicine from India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1999. 68(13): p. 71-76.4. Cichocki, M., et al., Pterostilbene is equally potent as resveratrol in inhibiting 12Otetradecanoylphorbol13acetate activated NFB, AP1, COX2, and iNOS in mouse epidermis. Molecular nutrition & food research, 2008. 52(S1): p. S62-S70.5. Hougee, S., et al., Selective COX-2 inhibition by a Pterocarpus marsupium extract characterized by pterostilbene, and its activity in healthy human volunteers. 2005.6. Rimando, A.M. and N. Suh, Biological/chemopreventive activity of stilbenes and their effect on colon cancer. Planta medica, 2008. 74(13): p. 1635.7. Sanz, A., R. Pamplona, and G. Barja, Is the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging intact? Antioxid Redox Signal, 2006. 8(3-4): p. 582-99.8. Hollar, D. and C.H. Hennekens, Antioxidant Vitamins and Cardiovascular Disease: Randomized Trials Fail to Fulfill the Promises of Observational Epidemiology, in Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease. 2006, Springer. p. 305-325.9. Duffield-Lillico, A.J. and C.B. Begg, Reflections on the landmark studies of -carotene supplementation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2004. 96(23): p. 1729-1731.10. McCormack, D. and D. McFadden, Pterostilbene and cancer: current review. Journal of Surgical Research, 2012. 173(2): p. e53-e61.11. Wu, R.-E., et al., Resveratrol protects against physical fatigue and improves exercise performance in mice. Molecules, 2013. 18(4): p. 4689-4702.12. Schneider, J.G., et al., Pterostilbene inhibits lung cancer through induction of apoptosis. Journal of Surgical Research, 2010. 161(1): p. 18-22.13. Paul, S., et al., Anti-inflammatory action of pterostilbene is mediated through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in colon cancer cells. Cancer Prevention Research, 2009. 2(7): p. 650-657.14. Paul, S., et al., Dietary intake of pterostilbene, a constituent of blueberries, inhibits the -catenin/p65 downstream signaling pathway and colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis, 2010. 31(7): p. 1272-1278.15. Chiou, Y.-S., et al., Pterostilbene is more potent than resveratrol in preventing azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis via activation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011. 59(6): p. 2725-2733.16. Pan, M.-H., et al., Pterostilbene inhibited tumor invasion via suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis, 2009. 30(7): p. 1234-1242.17. McCormack, D.E., et al., Genomic analysis of pterostilbene predicts its antiproliferative effects against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 2012. 16(6): p. 1136-1143.18. Grover, J., V. Vats, and S. Yadav, Pterocarpus marsupium extract (Vijayasar) prevented the alteration in metabolic patterns induced in the normal rat by feeding an adequate diet containing fructose as sole carbohydrate. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2005. 7(4): p. 414-420.19. Manickam, M., et al., Antihyperglycemic activity of phenolics from Pterocarpus marsupium. Journal of natural products, 1997. 60(6): p. 609-610.20. Rimando, A.M., et al., Pterostilbene, a new agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -isoform, lowers plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2005. 53(9): p. 3403-3407.21. Lin, V.C.-H., et al., Activation of AMPK by pterostilbene suppresses lipogenesis and cell-cycle progression in p53 positive and negative human prostate cancer cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2012. 60(25): p. 6399-6407.22. Affara, M., et al., Understanding endothelial cell apoptosis: what can the transcriptome, glycome and proteome reveal? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2007. 362(1484): p. 1469-1487.23. Zhang, L., et al., Pterostilbene protects vascular endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis, 2012. 17(1): p. 25-36.24. Chang, J., et al., Low-dose pterostilbene, but not resveratrol, is a potent neuromodulator in aging and Alzheimers disease. Neurobiology of aging, 2012. 33(9): p. 2062-2071.25. Joseph, J.A., et al., Cellular and behavioral effects of stilbene resveratrol analogues: implications for reducing the deleterious effects of aging. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2008. 56(22): p. 10544-10551.26. Krikorian, R., et al., Blueberry Supplementation Improves Memory in Older Adults. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2010. 58(7): p. 3996-4000.27. Joseph, J.A., et al., Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 1999. 19(18): p. 8114-8121.28. Joseph, J., et al., Blueberry supplementation enhances signaling and prevents behavioral deficits in an Alzheimer disease model. Nutritional neuroscience, 2003. 6(3): p. 153-162.29. Goyarzu, P., et al., Blueberry supplemented diet: effects on object recognition memory and nuclear factor-kappa B levels in aged rats. Nutritional neuroscience, 2004. 7(2): p. 75-83.30. Estrela, J.M., et al., Pterostilbene: Biomedical applications*. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 2013. 50(3): p. 65-78.31. Kasiotis, K.M., et al., Resveratrol and related stilbenes: Their anti-aging and anti-angiogenic properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013. 61: p. 112-120.32. Rando, T.A. and H.Y. Chang, Aging, rejuvenation, and epigenetic reprogramming: resetting the aging clock. Cell, 2012. 148(1): p. 46-57.33. Kahyo, T., et al., A novel chalcone polyphenol inhibits the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and cell growth in HEK293T cells. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2008. 108(3): p. 364-371.34. Spindler, S.R., P.L. Mote, and J.M. Flegal, Lifespan effects of simple and complex nutraceutical combinations fed isocalorically to mice. Age, 2014. 36(2): p. 705-718.

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Pterostilbene vs Resveratrol

Many people wonder, "what is resveratrol?" For many years, grape seed extract was a hot seller (packaged as OPCs). In an interesting twist, it turns out that an important part of the grape was being left behind! The skin, which was being discarded in favor of the seeds, actually contains a powerful phytoalexin antioxidant known as resveratrol.

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant that decreases the "stickiness" of blood platelets and helps blood vessels to remain open. In addition, resveratrol appears to have estrogen-like properties and may be helpful in the treatment of breast diseases. Also, studies indicate that resveratrol can profoundly inhibit glucose uptake in HL-60 and U937 cells. Thus, resveratrol may prevent or abate metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

In controlled studies, the benefits of resveratrol have been shown to reduce skin-cancer tumors by up to 98% and to stop production of leukemia cells. In addition, it works as a Cox inhibitor, thus halting the spread of cancer throughout the body.

And in 2003, the results of a study were released that showed that the benefits of resveratrol extended the lifespan of yeast cells by 70% by activating a "longevity gene" expressed during caloric restriction. Since mammals have the same "longevity gene" and since caloric restriction is known to extend the lifespan of mammals, scientists speculated humans might be able to receive the longevity benefits of caloric restriction simply by supplementing with resveratrol. And in fact, subsequently, resveratrol hit the news big time for its suspected ability to extend life and emerged as "the" hot antioxidant of the day, both in its supplement form and as a component of red wine, its most commonly identified natural source.

Resveratrol, however, is not an indispensable component of red grapes or wine. It is synthesized by plants on an as-needed basis, as a defense against parasites (primarily molds). Once abundant in red wine, it is now almost absent due to the use of pesticides. In other words, if you want resveratrol, you pretty much have to supplement. The most common source for supplemental trans-resveratrol and its natural analogs, now that red wine no longer works, is Japanese Knotweed, a plant at one time considered a major nuisance weed. Go figure!

When purchasing resveratrol, or products containing resveratrol, there are three things to keep in mind:

First, resveratrol comes in many different concentrations of its active component, from 8% (or less) to as high as 96% purity. One concentration is not necessarily better than the other, but you do have to use more of the lower concentration to get an equivalent dosage. For example, you will need 60 mg of a 50% resveratrol or 300 mg of a 10% extract to get the same dosage as 30 mg of a high purity resveratrol (as a side note, Jon Barrons Ultimate Antioxidant formula now has 150 mg of 50% resveratrol). It doesn't matter, though, how you get there, as long as you get there.

A bigger concern is the question of bioavailability. Pure trans-resveratrol tends not to have good bio-availability because it is rapidly metabolized by the liver. As found in nature, however, resveratrol is predominantly coupled with sugar. In this form, it is highly bio-available (making it a better choice) and, as an added bonus, more stable, which brings us to the third issue -- stability. This, of course, is the reason that Jon Barron chose a higher dose of less concentrated resveratrol -- better bioavailability.

There has been a lot of noise in many resveratrol ads concerning stability. And yes, in nature, resveratrol is subject to degradation when exposed to light, oxygen, or heat, which can alter it from its more active trans-resveratrol form to its lesser active cis-resveratrol form. Recent stability studies, however, have shown that resveratrol supplements, particularly in the sugar bound form, are generally stable for at least two years with no special packaging or storage required. In other words, this is, for the most part, a non-issue when it comes to choosing a resveratrol supplement.

Excerpt from:

What Is Resveratrol? | Herbal Library