One could substitute "pathology" for "radiology" given similar workflow and resolution issues and make the same arguments...

Is the iPad radiology's dream device for mobile healthcare?
By Erik L. Ridley
AuntMinnie staff writer
June 24, 2010

It's the mobile device that's taking the consumer electronics world by storm. But does the iPad have a role in medical imaging? Early adopters say yes -- they believe the iPad could unlock the potential of mobile computing in radiology.

The iPad has only been on the market for three months, but it has already generated significant interest and enthusiasm among radiologists and referring physicians. Efforts to define the role of the iPad in radiology are still in their early stages, but a number of researchers and vendors active in developing software applications for the iPad believe it could fulfill a role in bringing access to images and advanced visualization technology to the point of care.

Widespread utilization, however, will require addressing a number of challenges, not the least of which is security.

Packing a punch

The iPad owes its potential in radiology to its mix of size, portability, battery life, and relatively high spatial and contrast resolution, said Mark McEntee, PhD, a lecturer of diagnostic imaging at the University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science in Dublin, Ireland.

The iPad's vital statistics also compare favorably to the previous mobile platform of choice, the iPhone. The iPad's 9.7-inch display provides 1024 x 768-pixel resolution at 132 pixels per inch (PPI), while the iPhone 4 has a 3.5-inch (diagonal) display with a resolution of 640 x 960, although the iPhone sports 326 PPI. The iPad weighs just 1.5 lb, much less than most conventional laptops.

The larger display allows images to be displayed at or closer to their native resolution than they would on smaller portable devices, McEntee said. The battery life of the iPad is also an advantage over the iPhone; McEntee reported using the iPad for two busy days of eight-hour use without having to recharge.

"The sleep mode is fast and responsive and uses tiny amounts of energy," McEntee said. "This is a huge advantage [over] the iPhone, whose battery finds it hard to keep up with the demands of the power-hungry display."

Clinical benefit

The iPad will likely have significantly more value within a clinical environment than the iPhone, said Mark Cain, chief technology officer of advanced visualization firm MIMvista of Cleveland.

"When you consider sitting with a patient and explaining the results of a scan, there is nothing more personal than being side-by-side, images in hand," he said. "The iPhone is the more portable choice and will be better suited for those who need access at any time, not just in the hospital."

The additional resolution on the iPad is like gold for a radiologist, Cain said.

"The amount of panning required to see a large image is significantly reduced, and that saves time," he said.

The most obvious uses for the iPad in radiology include reviewing images, reading reports, and accessing medical records, said Janice Honeyman-Buck, PhD, editor in chief of the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine's Journal of Digital Imaging.

In addition to the larger, high-quality screen, physicians will appreciate the speed of the iPad, Honeyman-Buck said in an e-mail to AuntMinnie.com.

"It turns on quickly, seems to open and display websites and documents faster than most laptops, and it is easy and intuitive to use," she said.

The ability to provide mobile and secure access to scheduling, patient information, historical images, and other key information without being tied down to a PC offers an opportunity for efficiency gains, said Paul Merrild, senior vice president of marketing and business development at advanced visualization and healthcare IT developer Merge Healthcare of Milwaukee.

"iPads can theoretically contain the entire electronic record of the patient's imaging experience, and can be handed along the workflow as needed," Merrild said. "At the end, the iPad has potential to provide a nice teaching and communication tool between the radiologist, referring physician, and the patient."

Radiologists could review a worklist, see overall activity within the imaging practice, view preliminary images from a technologist, or sign reports using the iPad, Merrild said. The iPad could also provide access to the Web for reference information and offer instant viewing of an electronic health record (EHR).

"This device can facilitate movement of studies as needed, communication among anyone involved in a study, and sharing of images with patients," Merrild said. "In a hospital setting, images could be given to all clinical team members at the patient's bedside. The iPad could, in essence, become a portable film jacket, but one with so much more information included."

MIMvista's Cain said that every imaging application would be compelling on the iPad.

"When you consider that the iPhone screen already makes some PACS viewers from the past look dull, the iPad is just brilliant," Cain said. "Furthermore, we think every current HIS/EMR/PACS system could have an iPad interface. It seems like it would be much more economical for hospitals to have personnel carrying iPads than hundreds of PCs taking up space in every room."

The iPad also shows promise for viewing images from PACS and viewing live procedure video, according to Tony Molinari, vice president of sales and marketing at PACS developer Foresight Imaging of Lowell, MA.

3D content

Thanks to its larger size and improved resolution, the iPad offers more potential than the iPhone for using thin-client advanced visualization software, said Vikram Simha, chief technology officer at advanced visualization firm Vital Images of Minnetonka, MN. The company has seen interest from a number of its customers in using the iPad with its 3D software.

"We see a good opportunity for bringing image/result review to the bedside with an iPad to improve communication between radiology and the referring physician," Simha told AuntMinnie.com. "It has the right form factor and resolution to bring advanced visualization to the referring physician, closer to patient care."

The iPad also offers the potential for delivering interactive, rich 3D content directly into the hands of a surgeon or other referring physicians, according to Robert Taylor, PhD, president and CEO of advanced visualization vendor TeraRecon of San Mateo, CA. The iPad's design as primarily a content viewer rather than a content production device even fits radiology's traditional workflow model.

"This 'consumption' of content created by radiology, without much ability to 'create' content directly, seems to be a great fit for the respective roles and goals of radiology and its physician customers," Taylor said.

Primary diagnosis?

But don't expect radiologists to ditch their PACS workstations and start interpreting images on iPads any time soon. The iPad would not be suitable for primary diagnosis due to its contrast ratio (maximum luminance/minimum luminance) and calibration issues, McEntee said.

For example, the iPad has a maximum luminance of 270 cd/m2, which, while higher than the average of 150-200 cd/m2 seen in off-the-shelf displays, is much lower than your average primary interpretation display, which has an average maximum luminance of 500-600 cd/m2. The iPad's minimum luminance is 0.3 cd/m2, which yields a still impressive contrast ratio of 900:1 for a portable device; the iPhone and Dell Axim v51 both have a contrast ratio of 100:1, McEntee said.

Display calibration is also an issue, McEntee said. "The iPad cannot currently be calibrated as software [and] cannot be installed in the normal way; presumably, we would 'need an app for that,' " he told AuntMinnie.com.

In addition to commercial offerings, the popular open-source OsiriX DICOM image viewer will undoubtedly make its way to the iPad, although an iPad-specific version is not yet available.

The current OsiriX version for the iPhone can be viewed on the iPad's full screen using the iPad's 2x button. However, this magnification can accentuate the resolution differences between the iPad and iPhone, leading to grainy text. "Presumably, later releases will solve this," McEntee said.

An OsiriX version for the iPad is listed as "soon available," according to a January 29, 2010, post on the OsiriX website.

Ed Heere, president and CEO of CoActiv Medical Business Solutions of Ridgefield, CT, said the company's OsiriX-integrated iPhone application can work well on the iPad as a temporary solution, providing four times the viewing size as measured in square inches as the iPhone when using the viewer's 2x button.

"The high-resolution iPad screen provides a bright, crisp image even at the enlarged size," Heere said. "Future iPad-specific apps will allow simultaneous viewing of current and prior studies as well as multiple series/image windows and much greater add-in functionality."

Other educational apps will also likely find use on the iPad, McEntee said.

Limitations

For all of its advantages, the iPad does come with some limitations to its use in radiology applications. One of the main concerns with clinical use of the iPad is the security of patient information and loss or theft of the device, McEntee said.

"To comply with HIPAA, the iPad would have to be locked with a pass key and the access to imaging should be via a Web server," McEntee said. "This should be password-authenticated and encrypted."

Also, no images should be stored on the device itself, he said.

"The locked-down nature of the hardware for the iPad means that it is very difficult to operate as a replacement for a laptop," McEntee said. "You cannot save files to the iPad; although certain apps allow a similar functionality, this seeming disadvantage makes it more secure from an imaging perspective. If lost, you can be assured that -- provided the previous user logged out -- there are no patient data on the iPad."

Hospital IT departments will have to work on the logistics of ensuring secure access to data, according to Honeyman-Buck. "These devices cannot be left lying around where another person could access protected patient information," she said.

The tablet PC's larger size can also be a detriment. Because it won't fit in a pocket, it will need some sort of shoulder-strap cover that doesn't impede the physician's easy access to the screen, Honeyman-Buck said.

In contrast to the more mobile form factor provided by the iPhone, the iPad would probably take the place of a patient chart -- kept in a slot on a bed or a wall, and picked up by various different users when access to enterprise data is needed, TeraRecon's Taylor said.

"So, the iPad will need some software changes to find a niche in healthcare, because it will need to be a locked-down, tightly controlled IT asset accessible safely by multiple users -- in that regard, it's not there yet," Taylor said.

The weight of the iPad can make it difficult to carry around and use, Foresight's Molinari said. In addition, it suffers from connectivity issues (such as no USB support).

And institutions need to be aware of more than just the physical security of the iPad. A virtual private network (VPN) will be required to use the iPad for secure, HIPAA-compliant remote viewing of images, CoActiv's Heere said.

"Perhaps future Apple [operating system] versions and future apps will allow the use of SSL connectivity like on our PC platforms, eliminating the need for VPN tunnels," Heere said.

FDA impact

Also yet to be determined is the impact on the iPad of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) decision earlier this year to classify MIMvista's Mobile MIM iPhone image viewing software as a class III device requiring premarket approval (PMA). If the FDA's decision stands, it could hamstring the development of commercial image review apps by requiring software developers to go through the time-consuming PMA process.

Indeed, MIMvista's Cain believes that the FDA's logic in regulating iPhone software would also apply to the iPad.

"The iPad makes portable image viewing significantly more usable and practical, which seems to challenge the claim that it is not a medical device," he said.

Merge's Merrild said that his company believes there will not be issues with the FDA regarding radiology workflow tasks such as scheduling, insurance verification, billing, and report viewing.

"Even with very limited image viewing capabilities -- without the presence of measurement tools or advanced features such as [multiplanar reformatting] or angle measurements -- this will likely be acceptable to regulators and users," Merrild said.

In the meantime, innovation in terms of mobile image review will definitely be limited until the FDA or other authorities in other jurisdictions provide a clear ruling on the use of these devices as part of a diagnostic toolset, Merrild said.

"We have confidence that these regulatory issues will eventually be resolved," Merrild said. "We believe the larger issue facing patient safety in radiology currently is the use of open-source [non-FDA approved] software on workstations."

CoActiv's Heere believes the initial and somewhat undefined position of the FDA on the use of mobile devices in radiology will ultimately be resolved in favor of a "patient care" approach.

"A strict interpretation of some of the current information would suggest that even the use of laptop or notebook computers would require a PMA for use in radiology," Heere said. "This would create a real problem for the hundreds of thousands of current users of these existing mobile devices. Until a formal published position is released by the FDA, we stand by our original position that the iPhone and iPad use of any of our products is strictly for review purposes and not for any diagnostic or interpretive use."

By Erik L. Ridley
AuntMinnie.com staff writer
June 24, 2010

Ventana
Medical Systems, Inc., the leading provider of automated image analysis tools
for breast panel interpretation, recently announced that the CAP HQIP-B 2009
Survey for laboratory proficiency testing of HER2/neu showed the Ventana VIAS
image analysis system as the first choice of labs around the country. In the
recent CAP survey the VIAS was used for automated image analysis of HER2/neu by
46% of laboratory sites using automated analysis.

As
pathologists become more involved in generating information that directly
impacts treatment decisions as part of the personalized medicine model, there
is an increasing need for advanced laboratory tools that go beyond traditional
methods and diagnostics. The VIAS system is an automated system that can assist
the pathologist in the assessment of breast cancer protein markers such as HER-
2/neu, ER, PR, p-53, and Ki67. After the primary diagnosis is made, the
pathologist can choose to utilize the VIAS system to quantify the level of
estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or HER2 protein objectively via
computerized algorithms rather than relying solely on subjective assessment,
which can vary between observers of different skill levels.

Ventana
Medical Systems is committed to providing innovative solutions for digital
pathology and image analysis as part of their product offering for hospitals
and laboratories throughout the country. The Sierra Medical Center in El Paso,
Texas started utilizing the image analysis system in 2008, and has seen its
tremendous value for the past couple of years in allowing pathologists to
detect and classify cancerous cells more quickly. “The VIAS image analysis
system improves the accuracy of immunohistochemistry testing and provides
reproducible results when interrupting breast cancer cases,” says pathologist
Dr. Judith Pester, Pathologist at Sierra Medical Center. “VIAS has been
instrumental in providing us with more accurate test results and ensuring that
patients receive appropriate treatment of their breast carcinoma.”

About
CAP Proficiency Testing

The
College of American Pathologists (CAP) Surveys program is the largest external
quality assessment program in the world. As such, it provides an unparalleled
selection of challenges and offers the largest database in existence for
interlaboratory comparison. The CAP has accumulated significant experience in
managing this type of program and is knowledgeable in its uses and limitations.
http://www.cap.org

About
Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.

Ventana
develops, manufactures, and markets instrument/reagent systems that automate
tissue preparation and slide staining in clinical histology and drug discovery
laboratories worldwide. The Company's clinical systems are important tools used
in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Ventana drug
discovery systems are used to accelerate the discovery of new drug targets and
evaluate the safety of new drug compounds. In addition, the Company offers
premier workflow solutions designed to improve laboratory efficiency, providing
safeguards to enhance the quality of healthcare. Ventana is a wholly owned
member of the Roche Group. For more information on Ventana Medical Systems,
Inc. visit http://www.ventanamed.com.

Contact: Alana Bolton, Phone:
520.229.4164 / e-mail: alana.bolton@ventana.roche.com

GLOSTRUP, Denmark & PITTSBURGH, Jun 21, 2010 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Dako, a Danish-based world leader in tissue-based cancer diagnostics, and Omnyx, a leader in digital pathology solutions, announced today that they have entered into a three-year agreement to develop clinical algorithms for digital pathology. The aim is to support pathologists in generating even more accurate, objective and reproducible diagnostic results.

Under the agreement, Dako will utilize its expertise in staining and image analysis to develop image analysis algorithms that will be incorporated into the Omnyx digital pathology platform as part of Omnyx's overall strategy of providing pathologists with a comprehensive digital work environment. The algorithms developed under the agreement will be specifically optimized for Dako's breast cancer panel of immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization tests.

"Digital pathology offers significant potential to improve the quality of cancer diagnosis by improving the consistency of test interpretation. The Omnyx/Dako partnership will help standardize the reagent-to-result process and enhance the ability of pathologists to interpret breast cancer tests," says Mike Becich, vice chair of Pathology Informatics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pittsburgh.

Immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization tests are widely used by pathologists worldwide to help determine the diagnosis and prognosis and predict patients' response to specific therapies for a large number of cancers, including breast cancer. Digital pathology is enabled by imaging systems and computer technology that allow for the digitization of glass slides and efficient management of the resulting image data. It enables pathologists to improve productivity by reviewing tissue sections without handling traditional glass slides and to interpret tissue-based test results more objectively with the help of image analysis algorithms. Digital pathology also holds tremendous potential for standardizing test interpretation and for improving accuracy in cancer diagnostics.

"Dako is committed to improving patient care by finding ways to further enhance the standards and accuracy in cancer diagnostics," said Lars Holmkvist, CEO of Dako. "This agreement with Omnyx is another important step in the implementation of our strategy by joining forces with strong digital pathology partners. Digital pathology is important as it offers great potential to improve the quality of cancer diagnosis and care by helping standardize test interpretation to the benefit of pathologists and their patients."

"Omnyx sees a future where algorithms help pathologists make better clinical decisions," said Gene Cartwright, CEO of Omnyx. "Our partnership with Dako will allow us to provide reliable, high-performance IHC algorithms to clinicians who use Dako tests. Enabling algorithms within the context of a complete digital workflow environment provides pathologists with a powerful set of tools to improve both confidence and efficiency."

About Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry refers to the process of localizing antigens (e.g. proteins) in cells of a tissue section exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors.

About Dako

Dako, based in Denmark, is a global leader in tissue-based cancer diagnostics. Hospital and research laboratories worldwide use Dako's know-how, reagents, instruments and software to make precise diagnoses and determine the most effective treatment for patients suffering from cancer. Employing more than 1000 persons and operating in more than 70 countries, Dako covers essentially all of the global anatomic pathology markets.

About Omnyx

Omnyx, LLC is a joint venture of GE Healthcare and The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center with locations in Pittsburgh and Piscataway, NJ. The company is developing an enterprise platform to transform the scope of pathology to an all-digital workflow. The company will sell their digital pathology platform to clinical labs and offer an enterprise software platform for image management, workflow automation, image analysis algorithms and system integration along with its high speed whole-slide scanners. Close collaboration with pathologists at UPMC and other institutions along with their relationship with GE Healthcare allows Omnyx to focus its innovation on the needs of anatomic pathologists worldwide. Omnyx digital pathology products are currently in development and have not yet been cleared by the FDA.

SOURCE: Omnyx, LLC

On June 10th at the Definiens Digital Pathology Webinar Series, Sven Perner and Theresia Wilbertz from University of Tuebingen presented a compelling study regarding SOX2 expression analysis in NSCLC, comparing two independent NSCLC cohorts. Their findings indicated that:

1. Elevated SOX2 expression is found in patients with squamous NSCLC, and correlated with better prognosis
2. Elevated SOX2 expression in these cohorts correlated with elevated SOX2 copy numbers as observed by FISH

Please note that the webinar is available for watching in HD – just click one of the HD options in the lower right. You can then click the “full screen” button and watch the webinar clearly.

Definiens Digital Pathology Webinar Series:

Image Analysis as a Tool for Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer – How Reliable Is It?

June 30th, 11am EDT (4pm GMT)

Register: https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/434138978

In this talk, Dr. Marilyn Bui and Mark Lloyd of the Moffitt Cancer Center will discuss their assessment of Definiens Tissue Studio for analysis of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer.

The agenda for the webinar will be:

? Current standards in IHC and pathology
? Advantages of automated image analysis
? How Definiens Tissue Studio is used for digital pathology image analysis
? Case study comparing Definiens Tissue Studio analysis results with “gold standard” immunohistochemistry Her2 and ER best practices.
? Results

Speakers:

Dr. Marilyn Bui – Scientific Director, Analytic Microscopy Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida

Mark Lloyd – Staff Scientist, Analytic Microscopy Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida

This is just amazing stuff. Watch Definiens XD in action first locate the nuclei; determine positive and negative Ki67 nuclei; locate the small intestine crypt; fill the crypt and “cut” the top to establish the area that can be measured.

This was a pre-clinical study done by Novartis to use both Ki67 positive nuclei as well as the area of the small intestinal crypts in a rodent model as part of their FDA submission packet. Imagine doing this manually across thousands of animal tissue samples? Ouch!

This is just a testament to how powerful Definiens is – you really can measure anything in an image.

Watch the video:

Multispectral imaging bridges the gap between ‘omics’ multiplexed array-based techniques and conventional tissue imaging. This webinar provides an overview of how leading scientists are using multi-label imaging in combination with pattern-recognition image analysis software to analyze biomarkers specific to important disease-related cellular states, such as signaling configuration, stem cell pluripotency, and receptor expression.  Call +1-781-935-9099 ext 158 or e-mail us NOW at toleary@cri-inc.com to sign up for this FREE webinar.

Featured Speaker: James Mansfield
Director, Multispectral Imaging Systems
Cambridge Research & Instrumentation, Inc.
Title: Quantitating multiple protein expressions in intact tissue.
Date: Thursday, June 17, 2010
Time: 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM EDT
After registering you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the Webinar.

REGISTER HERE

CRi technology helps to bridge the gap between advances made in the ‘omics’ multiplexed array-based techniques and conventional tissue imaging. This webinar provides an overview of how leading scientists are using multi-label imaging in intact tissue, in combination with pattern-recognition image analysis software to analyze biomarkers specific to important disease-related cellular states, such as signaling configuration, stem cell pluripotency, and receptor expression.  

Improved specificity in determining disease subclasses through protein expression profiles is a goal of many studies. Obtaining this specific information requires the analysis of multiple proteins on a per-cell basis in intact tissues, from specific architectural contexts.

In pharmaceutical drug development, revealing correlations between protein activity and clinical outcome supports target validation, trial design, patient selection, response assessment, and, if trials are successful, the diagnostic component of theranostics. However, the ability of tools to support these activities depends strongly on their precision and accuracy for quantitating protein labels. Multispectral imaging coupled with automated learn-by-example analysis software offer a powerful combination to generate reproducible data of per-cell phenotypes in tumor regions or other regions of interest. Many techniques deployed today, such as those based on microarray detection, or analysis of sample lysates, provide data that are, in fact, averages from volumes of tissue, including many cells not of interest. These methods blur-out key proteomic information that resides at the cellular level and that relates to the signaling states of individual cells.

System Requirements
PC-based attendees
Required: Windows® 7, Vista, XP, 2003 Server or 2000
Macintosh®-based attendees
Required: Mac OS® X 10.4.11 (Tiger®) or newer

Space is limited.
Reserve your Webinar seat now at:
https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/833013281

Dr. Joseph Krueger over at his Instablog has some interesting comments concerning digital pathology and personalized medicine. 

He writes "This new technology, whole slide imaging, or digital pathology, is moving pathology closer towards an electronic science. Radiologists have worked exclusively from digital media for years, but pathology is just now moving in this direction. The entire tissue section on the glass slide is scanned in a high-throughput scanner, made by established digital pathology companies like Aperio, Bioimagene, Zeiss, and Hamamatsu, or newer entrants with even faster scanning technologies like Leica, Philips, and GE’s Omnyx subsidiary. The pathologist can now read and diagnose from a computer screen, eliminating the need to ship glass slides around during clinical trials. More importantly, the pathologist can run computer image analysis across the tissue section, generating quantitative information highly useful in the development of a companion diagnostics program. This methodology not only speeds up the pathological assessment process, reducing cost, it provides the means for a rapid and inexpensive companion diagnostic based on the “gold standard” assessment of pathology."

Who could disagree with that?  I think Dr. Krueger touches on one of the many values of digital pathology; the power of image analysis with a digital data set, a real advantage over analog review alone. 

The post provides interesting background and further discussion that is worth checking out:

Digital Pathology Will Usher in New Era of Personalized Medicine

Here Come The Hawks (MP3 file)

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

HISTOPATHOLOGY ALGORITHM SCIENTIST
REPORTS TO: BOB SCHWEITZER, LEAD ALGORITHM SCIENTIST

JOB DESCRIPTION:

• This person will be responsible for developing and implementing image and spectral-based algorithms for detection, classification, and quantification of materials in hyperspectral images.
• Research and develop novel data analysis algorithms for product and application development
• Collaborate on gov’t proposals and grants in the area of algorithm development
• Generate and author patents
• Support on-going gov’t and commercial projects
• Work directly with software engineers to implement algorithms into commercial software products

COMPANY:

• ChemImage Corporation located in Pittsburgh, Pa. is the World Leader in Chemical Imaging technology. We are looking for individuals with initiative, integrity and intelligence to join our exciting team. We seek candidates who demonstrate the independence to identify their own path within the organization, yet have the ability to contribute within a team environment.

REQUIREMENTS:

• MS, PhD in Electrical Engineering, Applied Math, Chemistry or related, with emphasis in signal and image processing
• Experience with digital pathology images of stained tissue sections
• 3+ years strong Matlab programming experience
• Solid understanding of multivariate statistics
• Experience with hyperspectral image analysis, and/or chemometric techniques such as pattern recognition, calibration, classification and optimization
• Well versed in current algorithm literature
• Experience with imaging processing techniques such as image filtering, segmentation, multi-sensor image fusion and image registration
• Experience in the development of commercial software in a Windows environment in either C# / C++ programming
• A solid background in the .net environment is a plus
• A strong background in the use of the Software Development Lifecycle and quality processes – especially as defined by the IEEE Software Engineering standards
• Total commitment to quality and complete attention to detail
• The ability to think logically
• Excellent written and oral communication skills

COMPENSATION:

• ChemImage offers a competitive salary, including an outstanding benefits package. We are an equal opportunity employer.

PLEASE SUBMIT YOUR RESUME TO:

Bob Schweitzer
Lead Algorithm Scientist
7301 Penn Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15208
Fax: (412) 241-7311
Email: schweitz@chemimage.com