Brain Scans Confirm There’s a Part of You That Remains ‘You’ Throughout Your Life – ScienceAlert

At the very core of your identity a kernel of self awareness combines memories of the past with the fleeting sensations of the present, and adds a touch of anticipation for the future.

The question of whether this ongoing sense of 'you' is as robust as it feels has intrigued philosophers and psychologists throughout the ages. A new, small psychobiological study weighs in, looking at brain scans to conclude that at least some part of you is indeed consistent as you grow and age.

"In our study, we tried to answer the question of whether we are the same person throughout our lives," says Miguel Rubianes, a neuroscientist from the Complutense University of Madrid.

"In conjunction with the previous literature, our results indicate that there is a component that remains stable while another part is more susceptible to change over time."

Self-continuity forms the very basis of identity. Every time you use the word 'I', you're referring to a thread that stitches a series of experiences into a tapestry of a lifetime, representing a relationship between the self of your youth with one yet to emerge.

Yet identity is more than the sum of its parts. Consider the allegory of Theseus's ship, or the grandfather's axe paradox a tool that's had its shaft replaced, as well as its head, but is still somehow the same axe that belonged to grandfather.

If our experiences change us, swapping out components of our identity with every heart break and every promotion, every illness and every windfall, can we truly still say we see ourself as the same person today as we were when we were four years old?

You can be forgiven for thinking this sounds more like philosophical navel-gazing than something science can address. But there are perspectives which psychology and even the wiring of our neurological programming can flesh out.

Rubianes and his team focussed primarily on the 'how and when' of neurology dealing with familiar faces, relying on previous research that suggests visual self-recognition can work as an indicator of making a connection with one's impression of self.

In what's known as the self-reference effect, we do a better job of recalling or recognising information if it's personally connected to us in some way, such as seeing our own face in a photograph.

While there's plenty of evidence supporting the phenomenon's existence, the exact timing and mechanisms of the process in our brain remain an open question.

Conflicting studies have highlighted different neurological processes for distinguishing our own face from others, for example, each highlighting diverse regions of the brain used to recognise and attribute meaning to sets of familiar features.

Determining the kinds of neurological activity involved can tell us whether we're simply triggered by a recognition of our own face, like meeting an old friend, or make an actual connection with the self it represents, both past and present.

To work this out, the team conducted a recognition task with a group of 20 students. Each was presented with 27 images, including some of their own face, the face of a close friend, and an unfamiliar face, all at different life stages.

Each image flashed up on a screen one second at a time, during which the participant had to press a button to identify who they were seeing: self, friend, or stranger. A second trial asked them to identify the life stage of the person: childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.

Meanwhile, dozens of electrodes were busy scoping out the mix of brainwaves buzzing from their grey matter, painting a map of activity.

That map, and the timing of the participants' responses, strongly suggest that our impression of self that sense of 'I' gets updated throughout our lifetime, giving it stability. We really do process that gap-toothed portrait of us in fourth grade as ourselves, and not just a familiar image of a kid who happens to share our memories.

The study also uncovered interesting similarities in how we process impressions of our past self and that of our close friend, hinting at a complexity in how time might shape impressions of our identity.

Of course it's important to note that this study was conducted on a small sample size and is far from the final word on the topic.

But finding there's a rigid neurological underpinning for our sense of self that is tweaked by time and experience neatly reflects other studies that suggest there are also cultural influences over how we perceive identity.

Significantly, neurological descriptions of the specific brain bits responsible for sorting self from stranger can help us better understand why some people don't share this impression.

Disturbances in that thread of recognition often defines conditions such as schizophrenia, putting individuals at increased risk of self-harm.

"This demonstrates the importance of basic and clinical research alike in the study of the role of personal identity, as this promises to be a much more important concept than was previously thought and may play a fundamental role in psychological assessment and intervention processes," says Rubianes.

Some days we all feel a little like we're uncertain of just who we are. Rest assured, there's a good chance that deep inside your brain you're always going to be there.

This research was published in Psychophysiology.

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Brain Scans Confirm There's a Part of You That Remains 'You' Throughout Your Life - ScienceAlert

Patrick Mahomes in NFL concussion protocol: What needs to happen for Chiefs star to play against Bills – ESPN

Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes is in the NFL's concussion protocol, and that's really all we can say about his status six days before the AFC Championship Game.

We don't know how long he will be sidelined. We don't know if he will be able to play Sunday. We don't even know for sure if he suffered a concussion.

What we do know is that brain health was one of the major storylines of the NFL's divisional playoff round. Mahomes was removed from the Chiefs' victory over the Cleveland Browns on Sunday after a hit at the end of a run left him staggering. A day earlier, Baltimore Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson was ruled out of a loss to the Buffalo Bills after his head slammed to the ground.

What's in store for Mahomes this week? Let's take a closer look.

First off, we don't know one way or the other what Mahomes was diagnosed with. And importantly, it's not required for a player to have been immediately diagnosed with a concussion in order to be put in the protocol. All the Chiefs have confirmed is that he's in the protocol. On Monday, coach Andy Reid stopped short of saying that Mahomes had suffered a concussion.

In 2018, the NFL adjusted its protocol to require in-game evaluations for "all players demonstrating gross motor instability (e.g., stumbling or falling to the ground when trying to stand) to determine the cause of the instability." That roughly fits what happened Sunday to Mahomes. The protocol goes on to say that if a doctor "determines the instability to be neurologically caused, the player is designated a 'No-Go' and may not return to play."

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This change was in response to the scary injury suffered in Dec. 2017 by Houston Texans quarterback Tom Savage, who could be seen shaking on the ground after a hit but was allowed to remain in the game. He was later ruled out and diagnosed with a concussion. That adjustment allowed doctors to rule players out of games after examining them for these symptoms.

Mahomes, in fact, was ruled out even though he was running in the stadium tunnel after the injury, Reid said.

Of course. But whether he did or didn't, he must pass through the same five-step process to be cleared for a return.

The first thing you should know is that prior to the season, every NFL player takes neurological and balancing tests when in a noninjured state to provide a "normal" score. Those results can later be used to help diagnose a concussion, and to determine when a player's neurological activity and balance has returned to its previous state following a brain injury. The five steps are:

Step 1: Based on symptoms, the player can engage in light stretching, balance training and eventually progress to light aerobic exercise.

Step 2: The player can graduate toward cardiovascular exercise and dynamic stretching, and then take neurological and balance tests. He can pass through this step once those test results match his baseline scores.

Step 3: The player can move toward a limited amount of football-specific exercise. That includes up to 30 minutes of practice time, under the supervision of an athletic trainer.

Step 4: Football activities can increase to noncontact drills such as throwing and running. Another set of tests must again show baseline results.

Step 5: This requires the team doctor to clear the player for contact. Once that happens, the player must be examined by an independent neurological consultant (INC). If the "INC" affirms the team doctor's decision, the player is cleared to practice full and play in the team's next game.

The protocols intentionally carry no time requirements. They do not require a player to sit out a game, largely because the science of concussions show that brain injuries heal at unpredictable rates. Players could conceivably return to baseline quickly, without missing a game, or they could miss multiple games or even the remainder of a season.

1:26

Adam Schefter breaks down the concussion protocols Patrick Mahomes must clear to be eligible to play in the AFC title game vs. the Bills.

That's not entirely true. According to the NFL, using data from the 2015-19 seasons, the median length of time for quarterbacks to emerge from the concussion protocol is seven days.

It is and they do, but the NFL built this protocol to ensure that doesn't happen with brain and neurological injuries. By requiring a return to baseline test results, the NFL's implicit policy is that a player with a brain or neurological injury can't return until he is fully healed. Football contact after only a partial recovery can exacerbate the injury.

Mahomes isn't supposed to be able to "will" himself back on the field or "suck it up." And the Chiefs aren't supposed to even have the opportunity to take the kind of calculated risk they do when they allow a player back on the field when he has, say, a mildly sprained knee.

The biggest distinction of the concussion protocol is that it requires an independent doctor to confirm the return. That doctor is not affiliated with the team or player but has been approved jointly by the league and the NFL Players Association. The final step of getting clearance from the independent doctor is intended as a failsafe for either the player or the team acting too aggressively.

Conference championship previews Schedule, brackets, TV times

On Monday, Reid told reporters: "There was a chance back in the day that Patrick comes back in [the game]. You saw him run up the tunnel. By the time he got to that point he was feeling pretty good. But there's a certain protocol you have to follow and that takes it out of the trainer's hand and the player's hand and the doctor's hand."

This will be a story for the entire week. It's possible we'll find out when (and if) Mahomes has moved on to Step 3, based on the Chiefs' injury participation report for practice. Otherwise, it's possible we won't know if Mahomes will be able to play until the weekend. The Bills-Chiefs game will kick off at 6:40 p.m. ET on Sunday.

Mahomes himself has suffered one reported concussion in his career, during the 2014 college season at Texas Tech. He returned to play in the team's next game, which was two weeks later because of a scheduled bye.

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Patrick Mahomes in NFL concussion protocol: What needs to happen for Chiefs star to play against Bills - ESPN

Neurology Devices Market is Expected to Thrive at Impressive CAGR by 2025 – TechnoWeekly

Neurology Devices MarketInsights 2020 is an expert and top to bottom investigation on the momentum condition of the worldwide Neurology Devices industry with an attention on the Global market. The report gives key insights available status of the Neurology Devices producers and is an important wellspring of direction and course for organizations and people keen on the business. By and large, the report gives an inside and out understanding of 2020-2025 worldwide Neurology Devices market covering extremely significant parameters.

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Key Players in Neurology Devices Market areJohnson & Johnson (U.S.),MicroPort Scientific Corporation (China),Medtronic plc (Ireland),Penumbra, Inc. (U.S.),Terumo Corporation (Japan),Merit Medical Systems, Inc. (U.S.),Abbott Laboratories (U.S.),L. Gore & Associates, Inc. (U.S.).

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Global Neurology Devices Market report is a comprehensive study of the global market and has been recently added by PrecisionBusinessInsights to its extensive database. Augmented demand for the global market has been increased in the last few years. This informative research report has been scrutinized by using primary and secondary research. The Global Neurology Devices Market is a valuable source of reliable data including data of the current market.

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What is the Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on the Neurology Devices?

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Neurology Devices Market is Expected to Thrive at Impressive CAGR by 2025 - TechnoWeekly

Launching of the New Comprehensive Stroke & Neurology Clinic in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) – ABOUT INSIDER

HELLO DR. ATIF ZAFAR! THANKS FOR TAKING THE TIME TO CHAT WITH US! TELL US A BIT ABOUT STROKE CARE IN CANADA IN GENERAL AND TORONTO IN PARTICULAR?In Canada, stroke occurs every 9 minutes. Believe it or not, we lose two million neurons every single minute we wait out before seeking care. Imagine if all stroke patients can make to the hospital as soon as the stroke strikes, the world will be a better place. Ontario, being the most populated province in the country is impacted by stroke the most. In GTA (Greater Toronto Area), there are various stroke centers spread across the territory. A few of those hospitals are comprehensive centers where both medical and surgical treatment of stroke care is available. An area of concern is the lack of access to stroke specialists for patients at risk of having future stroke.

WHY DID YOU MOVE TO TORONTO, CANADA FROM THE US?I am passionate about building health systems and programs in states, provinces and seeing the public health impact at the national level. My previous experience in the US includes starting a stroke program from scratch and eventually transforming it into a comprehensive academic stroke leader in the region. When I heard about the opportunity at St. Michaels Hospital/Unity Health, an academic hospital of the University of Toronto, I felt I can make a difference in how we manage stroke care in the region. I am also very interested in understanding the 2 different healthcare systems in North America the US and Canada boast two different models of healthcare and as a physician and student of leadership, I am curious to see how an amalgamation of these 2 models may create an innovative modern hybrid healthcare system that may be sustainable, dynamic and patient-centric.

WHAT IS YOUR MESSAGE TO OTHER PHYSICIANS, FAMILY DOCTORS IN THE GTA?I have spoken with various partners in the GTA area and realized that access for neurologists and stroke doctors in an issue for our colleagues in family medicine and other specialties. As the medical director of stroke program at St. Michaels Hospital, I am prioritizing patient access to neurologist as the main issue. We are providing rapid access to stroke and cerebrovascular patients in our stroke clinic with option to be seen in person or via tele-health. You can connect visit atifzafar.com for more information.

WHAT IS YOUR MESSAGE TO YOUR PATIENTS IN TORONTO AND IN CANADA?Dont wait it out, when you are having stroke symptoms. Also, if you have risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol problems, obstructive sleep apnea, or other similar risk factors, make sure you stay on top of it. If you dont, you may be at higher risk of having a stroke or heart attack. Also, we have a Stroke Clinic located at St. Michaels Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario where you are more than welcome to come and talk to me or any of my partners who specialize in stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. In the times of COVID19, we also offer tele-clinics where you can get access to care through online or phone communications. You can visit atifzafar.com for more information or visit St. Michaels Hospital Stroke website.

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Launching of the New Comprehensive Stroke & Neurology Clinic in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) - ABOUT INSIDER

This COVID-19 Life: With 2 Neurologists in the Same… : Neurology Today – LWW Journals

Article In Brief

Neurologist couples discuss how the pandemic has impacted dual neurologist families and how they have managed during this crisis.

Even before the coronavirus pandemic struck, negotiating family duties between two married neurologists was no small feat. But when COVID-19 led to stay-at-home orders, children transitioned to homeschooling, and neurologists were faced with new work challenges and responsibilities, the compromises took on epic proportions.

Neurology Today caught up with six neurologist couples to hear how the pandemic has impacted dual neurologist families and how they have managed during this crisis.

In the Esper family, where finding the right childcare had proven impossible, Christine Doss Esper, MD, elected to considerably reduce her work schedule at the Emory physician group practice for almost eight years to raise their three children: now 12-year old, Julianna, 10-year old, Nicholas, and 8-year old, Christopher.

During that time, her husband, Gregory J. Esper, MD, MBA, had worked his way up to become the associate chief medical officer of Emory Healthcare and professor and vice chairman of clinical affairs for the department of neurology at Emory, positions that required 12-hour days and occasional travel, including to AAN Health Services Research Subcommittee meetings, for which he is the chair.

It was not until three years ago that Christine began increasing her schedule at Emory, where she is an assistant professor of neurology in the division of movement disorders. She became the director of the Emory motion analysis lab and continued her role in the deep brain stimulation program at Emory. In 2019, she received an opportunity to focus research efforts on predicting the rising incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the United States with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). She now spends the majority of her time as the senior neurology PI for the National Neurological Conditions Surveillance System with the CDC while still maintaining her clinical activity at Emory.

In March, when the pandemic arrived, their carefully-orchestrated division of parenting duties began to show some cracks. Since the whole family was suddenly on computers at home, the first problem was connectivity. With three children engaged in virtual learning during the day, and occasional gaming activities or movie streaming on their off-time, each parent found themselves bumped off of videoconferences or telemedicine consultations at inopportune times. For Greg, who was responsible for ramping up Emory's system telemedicine platform, and Christine, who serves as the Brain Health Telemedicine physician lead in her division, this was far from ideal. At one point, a total of 32 devices (phones, tablets, laptops) were connected to their limited network. So, they improved their Internet download speed to one GB and hired an electrician to snake two direct lines to each of their work laptops.

An even more significant problem turned out to be logistics. Each child had his or her activities: Christopher and Nicholas took virtual violin lessons, and Julianna took virtual piano. The boys took part in a small chamber music group. During the summer, they were tasked with selecting and participating in various online campsincluding science camp, Lego camp, financial management camp and stock market camp. There were meals to plan and cook, laundry and other household tasks to divide. Once school resumed in mid-August, there were also lunches to pack or order, and drop-offs and pickups to coordinate between two different schools.

By the summer, Greg, who also serves as vice president of Lean Promotion at Emory, decided with Christine to implement lean guiding principles at home. He told the kids, You have to own it, and Greg and Christine partnered with them on meal planning, laundry, and lunch preparation and packing, among other tasks. Christopher learned how to make quesadillas, grilled cheeses and prepare eggs. Nicholas or Julianna became responsible for cooking dinner when both parents were working into the evening. Before long, the children began learning the concepts of reducing waste, situational awareness, continuous improvement, problem-solving, and teamwork.

The lean board at home records each Esper's activities and responsibilities for every day of the week, and they all refer to it regularly. Things still go wronglike when a child's knapsack ends up in the wrong carbut they now have a new name for that: defects, and they adjust the standard work, reflect it on the board, to try and prevent it from happening again. The pandemic and its consequences have caused some challenges, but this new structure seems to work; the kids have shown remarkable growth and have become more mature and more responsible, Greg said.

In the Khoury household, in Jenkintown, PA, managing responsibilities has always been tough, said Carla Lopita-Khoury, MD, an epileptologist who at one time thought that being employed by Drexel during its bankruptcy would be her most difficult professional hurdle. Still, she was able to start a new position as associate professor in neurology at the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University in November of 2019, along with six of Drexel's neurology residents.

Working nearly full-time had meant an intense juggling act, which she shared with her husband, John S. Khoury, MD, who specializes in sleep and is one of nine neurologists in private practice at Abington Neurological Associates. In early 2020, their daughters, aged 4 and 9, were in pre-school and third grade.

There were normal glitches, despite using a shared Google calendar, but fortunately, we could rely on both sets of grandparents who live nearby, said Carla.

Then the pandemic struck, and their childcare system fell apart. The Khourys were reluctant to expose their parents to the virus, and their backup would not work. By late March, Carla's department had been drafted as COVID hospitalists, and they were both working a mix of telemedicine and hospital coverage. Their daycare had closed, but they were able to recruit a babysitter from that facility who watched the children between March and June.

We taught her technology so she could oversee homeschooling, and I worked from a guest room while John took over the office, said Carla. They were able to find an outdoor, socially-distant day camp for July, but the 9 AM to 3 PM schedule meant they had to find a new babysitter from 3 PM to 6 PM.

John, who did more of the drop-offs and pick-ups, said, There were times when I ran late when we had to rely on the help of a neighbor or one of my partners, who graciously stepped in, he said.

Then the camp closed abruptly, which created another crisis, said Carla, adding, We had always planned our childcare so carefully, but with COVID, we had one short notice after another, making every day stressful; planning during a pandemic simply doesn't work.

For now, an hour-by-hour paper schedule supplements their Google calendar, and they are keeping their fingers crossed that their daughters' school, which opens soon with outdoor tents and masks, will hold.

Having dual careers has also meant finding jobs in the same cities and negotiating career decisions. Nicole Chiota-McCollum, MD, MEd met her husband, David McCollum, MD, while they were both trainees in neurology at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL. Upon graduation, Nicole, who was in the military, received orders to go to Keesler Air Force base in Biloxi, MS, and David was able to secure a job as a neurohospitalist nearby for those three years. They were fortunate to find positions at the University of Virginia (UVA) together when her military service ended.

Raising two sons, Alec, who is 5, and Owen, now 7, while managing our dual-physician household means life is hectic, said Nicole. But we are incredibly fortunate to have a multigenerational household in which my mom provides a lot of support for our family. She came to live with us three years ago after my father passed away, and it has been a blessing for all of us, Nicole added.

When our governor issued stay-at-home orders on March 16, we pulled both of our children out of school and daycare. Having multiple adults at homemade that feasible while also trying to work from home, she explained.

At work, UVA neurologists were all pulled into a platoon, a military term that has been adapted during COVID to describe keeping teams together and minimizing risk. The department of neurology afforded the couple the opportunity to stagger their schedules so that Nicole, a stroke specialist, could work in the hospital week one, David, who is a neuro-hospitalist, could work week two, and they could quarantine at home together during weeks three and four before repeating the cycle. We were so grateful for the efforts to keep our family together, said Nicole, who values the camaraderie in the department.

Recently, the McCollums were able to enroll their sons in an all-outdoor school, which will be held at a local campground, which they hope will continue. Although Nicole is grateful to have her mother's help, she had promised her that she would not be just the nanny and cook, and before COVID, she made sure that her mother had enough free time for an active social life.

Our conversations are three-way negotiations to meet everyone's needs, said Nicole. She admitted that there are often times (especially on weekends) when one of them needs to round earlier or later to make the household run smoothly.

Working at the same place also means they set ground rules. One is that they try not to talk shop around the dinner table and avoid speaking about patients at home. But even so, the boys probably know more about neurology than they should, Nicole admitted, confessing that bedtime stories are sometimes interrupted by stroke calls. She discovered a couple of years ago that their younger son, then 3, had picked up the fact that if her iPhone showed a RAPID CT perfusion scan image that was more-green-than-pink (indicating a thrombectomy candidate), Mommy would often need to make an urgent phone call.

At the Hartford Healthcare Medical Group in Connecticut, Neurology Today found not just one but three neurologist couples. Catherine M. Hosley, MD, a stroke specialist, also serves as director of in-patient neurology, where she creates the in-patient coverage schedule. Holiday, vacation, and school schedules can be quite a challenge at times, she said. Her husband, Justin Montanye, MD, practices outpatient general neurology four days a week.

One of the benefits of having a weekday off is that it's now much easier to manage any kind of routine service work on the house, our cars, etc., said Catherine, adding, From a work-life balance perspective, it has reduced stress for both of us!

Two of their former residents at the University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital, epileptologist Sarah Meira-Benchaya, MD, and neuromuscular specialist, Lucas Meira-Benchaya, MD, returned after fellowships to practice as epilepsy and neuromuscular specialists, respectively.

Being from another countrywe are both Braziliansthe family-friendly environment felt like home, said Sarah. When she gave birth to their daughter, Rachel, in January of 2020, her initial plan was to be on maternity leave for 12 weeks and return to work in April. But her mother, who had planned to care for the baby and help with their older son, Shlomo, now 4 years old, was stuck in Holland (with a Brazilian passport) when the pandemic struck and borders closed.

I kept delaying my return in hopes the situation would improve...and we were afraid that having someone come to our house would expose the kids to the virus. By July, when it became clear that her mother would not be permitted to return, they hired a nanny, and Sarah came back to work three months later than she had anticipated.

The delay in return meant that Swetha Ade, MD, an epileptologist, had to take an extra week of callas Sarah's schedule was divided among the remaining nine epilepsy specialistswhile also dealing with the closure of her own children's daycarewhere she and her husband, Ajay Mohan Tunguturi, MD, a vascular specialist, were sending their 3- and 5-year old daughters, Aradhya and Aria. For five months, they relied on piecemeal coverage by physician neighbors and babysitters and discovered that fear of COVID made it difficult for a two-physician family to find people who were willing to come to their house.

It was very tense, said Swetha, comparing the stress to what she experienced during her residency when she was raising two small children alone, while her husband was training in another city. The family finally found a live-in nanny in mid-July and is now trying to determine if she can help with virtual learning while their 5-year old's new school alternates in person and online classes every other week. As with all the couples, and many working parents across the country waiting for the pandemic to end, they have learned to roll with the punches.

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This COVID-19 Life: With 2 Neurologists in the Same... : Neurology Today - LWW Journals

Biomarkers Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Indication (Oncology, Cardiology, Neurology, and Others), By End User (Pharmaceutical &…

Trusted Business Insights answers what are the scenarios for growth and recovery and whether there will be any lasting structural impact from the unfolding crisis for the Biomarkers Market.

Trusted Business Insights presents an updated and Latest Study on Biomarkers Market. The report contains market predictions related to market size, revenue, production, CAGR, Consumption, gross margin, price, and other substantial factors. While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market.The report further elaborates on the micro and macroeconomic aspects including the socio-political landscape that is anticipated to shape the demand of the Biomarkers Market during the forecast period.It also examines the role of the leading market players involved in the industry including their corporate overview, financial summary, and SWOT analysis.

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This report focuses on the Biomarkers market and value at the global level, regional level, and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents the overall Biomarkers market size by analyzing historical data and future prospects. Regionally, this report focuses on several key regions: North America, Europe, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Latin America, and South America.

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The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by Company, by Type, and by Application. This study provides information about the sales and revenue during the historic and forecasted period of 2019 to 2029. An in-depth analysis of the segments assists in identifying the different factors that will aid market growth.

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The research report includes a detailed study of regions of North America, Europe, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, India, Latin America, and South America. The report has been curated after observing and studying various factors that determine regional growth such as the economic, environmental, social, technological, and political status of the particular region. Researchers have studied the data of revenue, sales, and manufacturers of each mentioned region. This section analyses region-wise revenue and volume for the forecast period of 2019 to 2029.

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This section of the report identifies various key manufacturers of the market. It helps the reader understand the strategies and collaborations that players are focusing on combat competition in the market. The comprehensive report provides a significant microscopic look at the market. The reader can identify the footprints of the manufacturers by knowing about the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and sales by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2019 to 2029.List of Companies Profiled

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Abbott, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. are Leading Market PlayersThe biomarkers market is a highly fragmented market. To strengthen their position, key market players are focusing on the introduction of novel biomarker tests, and entering in mergers and partnerships with other prominent companies with an aim to establish a strong brand presence. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Abbott, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. dominated the biomarkers market share in 2018. Other players operating in the market are Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Sino Biological Inc., BioVision Inc., Myriad RBM, R&D System, Axon Medchem, CENTOGENE N.V., and others.

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The biomarker market report provides detailed information regarding various insights of the market. Some of them are growth drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, regional analysis, and challenges. It further offers an analytical depiction of the biomarkers market trends and estimations to illustrate the forthcoming investment pockets. The market is quantitatively analyzed from 2021 to 2026 to provide the financial competency of the market. The information gathered in the report has been taken from several primary and secondary sources.

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INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT:

May 2019: QIAGEN received FDA approval for therascreen RGQ PCR Kit. The therascreenPIK3CA Kit is the first companion diagnostic assay approved to identify breast cancer patients eligible for treatment with PIQRAY (alpelisib). PIQRAY (alpelisib), a newly approved therapy for breast cancer developed by Novartis AG.

May 2017: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for biomarker assay for bladder cancer. This biomarker assay evaluates the status of patient PD-L1 by using both immune cell staining and tumor cell staining and scoring within the tumor.

 

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Physicians issue warning about rare neurological condition, expected to appear this fall – Newswise

Newswise Each fall, as kids go back to school and share germs with their peers and the changing seasons create environmental conditions perfect for viral growth, symptoms matching the cold and flu proliferate in classrooms and day care centers like clockwork. Sometimes these symptoms are severe enough to land patients in the emergency room. Thats where physicians started to notice a troubling trend six years ago.

A few days after presenting with symptoms like cough, congestion, and worsening asthma, these little kids will suddenly have rapid onset paralysis in one or more of their limbs, resembling polio, said pediatric neurologist Henry David, MD, the Director of Neurocritical Care at the University of Chicago Medicine Comer Childrens Hospital. Usually, this paralysis is permanent to a large degree.

Known as Acute flaccid myelitis, or AFM, this rapid onset paralysis following a viral illness is a bit of a medical mystery to physicians, with a number of quirky traits that distinguish it from other post-viral conditions. For one thing, its causes arent entirely clear though physicians agree that a viral infection is likely what triggers the condition. For another, nearly all of the patients affected are very young children, between the ages of 3 and 6, who have experienced a viral illness within the last month. Many (though not all) have a history of asthma, and many (though not all) report joint, neck, and back pain shortly before the onset of paralysis.

Perhaps strangest of all, the disease appears to follow a two-year outbreak cycle, with a rash of patients appearing every other fall. While the condition is extremely rare, affecting only a handful of children in the state of Illinois each season, its effects can be severe, causing permanent paralysis and in severe cases, respiratory failure and even death.

With an outbreak due this year and so many mysteries surrounding the condition, pediatricians are worried about what this illness means for their patients especially with potential complicating factor of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Weve been tracking this illness for about six years, but realistically, this or something like it has existed for three or four decades, said David. It seems to be an infectious and possibly immunological phenomenon, where the bodys own inflammatory response to a virus contributes to the grey matter injury of the spinal cord, damaging the patients motor neurons, which control movement. Once damaged, these neurons cant regenerate, and leaves the patient with weakened or paralyzed limbs.

Analysis of patient samples have found a connection between AFM and common enteroviruses, in particular Enterovirus D68, which typically leads to flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, congestion, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. But, as pediatric infectious disease expert Madan Kumar, DO, the Director of the Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Service at Comer Childrens Hospital points out, Patients who are diagnosed with AFM dont always test positive for a virus, and about one in ten patients is completely asymptomatic for a viral illness. Diagnosis is very challenging, and we think that we may be underappreciating the number of cases.

AFM is so rare that no specific targeted treatment exists for the disease; available treatments focus on reducing the inflammatory immune response. When we see kids with limb weakness, well throw immunomodulatory therapy, plasmapheresis everything weve got at them, said David. The problem is, its not clear how much these treatments help, because often we catch the condition so late, and because there havent been enough cases to do a proper randomized clinical trial.

Once the initial illness passes, patients may receive physical therapy to aid their recovery, or seek out specialized centers that offer nerve grafting to restore some control and sensation in the paralyzed limbs.

Only an exceedingly small number of patients with enteroviruses end up with this condition, and its not clear what combination of host and viral factors trigger it, Kumar said. The thing with diseases that are this rare is that many parents and physicians have less awareness of the condition so they dont recognize the signs, and we miss the opportunity to provide early therapy for these kids."

This years predicted outbreak is especially worrisome for pediatricians because its still unclear how living in the era of COVID-19 will impact detection, diagnosis, and treatment of AFM. Given our move toward social distancing and people spending most of their time at home, weve interrupted the epidemiology of these viruses, said Kumar. This has probably delayed the onset of this years outbreak. But we know that children are a major driver in the spread of respiratory illnesses, and as kids are going back to school and businesses are reopening, its just a matter of time before these traditional seasonal viruses pick up again.

The lack of clarity in what triggers AFM also makes it uncertain whether contracting COVID-19 this fall might put kids at greater risk for the condition. It is unclear if contracting multiple respiratory viruses such as an enterovirus and a rhinovirus at the same time changes the pathophysiology of AFM. And while many children who contract COVID-19 remain asymptomatic, its unknown whether this might cause complications if they contract other respiratory illnesses.

The concerns go beyond the risk of a COVID-19 infection. Were concerned that this pandemic means that there will be less hands-on interaction between kids and many of their caregivers, David said. Parents might not notice the signs, and may be hesitant to take their children to the hospital because of fears about contracting COVID-19. People have the tendency to develop tunnel vision, and while were all so fixated on COVID-19, theres a risk of letting our guard down about other diseases.

The physicians stress that families should take all of the normal precautions to prevent viral respiratory illnesses this year, in addition to COVID-19 precautions, such as masking, social distancing and good hand hygiene. In particular, Kumar said, Get a flu vaccine. We dont know how COVID-19 will interact with other viruses. Minimize your chances if ever there was a year to be sure to get your flu vaccine, this is it.

One small silver lining to the pandemic is the increasing availability of telemedicine appointments, making it easier for patients to connect with specialists, like those at Comer Childrens Hospital, a center of excellence for managing AFM patients and a referral center for suspected cases. I often see children with AFM who had previously been to an emergency room or urgent care with early signs of weakness or partial paralysis, said David. But most providers have never seen this disease, so how would they know to look for it? Its under-reported and underdiagnosed. If we can get the word out and tell people to watch for the early signs, it might make a difference.

While its not yet clear what this seasons predicted AFM outbreak will look like, the physicians hope that with time, a greater understanding of the condition can lead to better treatments and improved outcomes. My goal is to catch more of these patients earlier in the disease course, and to share what we learn from treating them with our colleagues who are also working on this challenge, said David. Were all working to make a difference for these children.

###

About the University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences

The University of Chicago Medicine, with a history dating back to 1927, is one of the nations leading academic health systems. It unites the missions of the University of Chicago Medical Center, Pritzker School of Medicine and the Biological Sciences Division. Twelve Nobel Prize winners in physiology or medicine have been affiliated with the University of Chicago Medicine. Its main Hyde Park campus is home to the Center for Care and Discovery, Bernard Mitchell Hospital, Comer Childrens Hospital and the Duchossois Center for Advanced Medicine. It also has ambulatory facilities in Orland Park, South Loop and River East as well as affiliations and partnerships that create a regional network of care. UChicago Medicine offers a full range of specialty-care services for adults and children through more than 40 institutes and centers including an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Together with Harvey-based Ingalls Memorial, UChicago Medicine has 1,296 licensed beds, nearly 1,300 attending physicians, over 2,800 nurses and about 970 residents and fellows.

Visit UChicago Medicines health and science news blog at http://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront.

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Physicians issue warning about rare neurological condition, expected to appear this fall - Newswise

Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Announces the Acceptance of Two Posters at the Virtual Joint 49th Annual Child Neurology Society & 16th International…

DEVON, Pa., Oct. 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ZYNE), the leader in innovative pharmaceutically-produced transdermal cannabinoid therapies for rare and near-rare neuropsychiatric disorders, today has announced the acceptance and presentation details of two posters at the virtual Joint 49th Annual Child Neurology Society & 16th International Child Neurology Society Congress (CNS-ICNA) Meeting. The CNS-ICNA annual meeting is being held virtually from October 12th through October 23rd, 2020. A copy of the posters will be made available on the Zynerba corporate website at the time of presentation on Monday October 12th at http://zynerba.com/publications/.

Title: "ZYN002 Cannabidiol Transdermal Gel in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome: Role of Methylation Status as a Correlate to Disease Severity and as a Prognostic Biomarker"Abstract number: 0406 0585 000889Primary keyword: Cognitive/Behavioral Disorders(including Autism) Poster number: 678

Title: "Tolerability and Efficacy of ZYN002 Cannabidiol (CBD) Transdermal Gel in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Open-Label Phase 2 Study [BRIGHT (ZYN2-CL-030)]Abstract number: 0406 0585 000888Primary keyword: Cognitive/Behavioral Disorders(including Autism) Poster number: 677

About Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Zynerba Pharmaceuticals is the leader in pharmaceutically-produced transdermal cannabinoid therapies for rare and near-rare neuropsychiatric disorders. We are committed to improving the lives of patients and their families living with severe, chronic health conditions including Fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and a heterogeneous group of rare and ultra-rare epilepsies known as developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Learn more at http://www.zynerba.com and follow us on Twitter at @ZynerbaPharma.

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We may, in some cases, use terms such as predicts, believes, potential, proposed, continue, estimates, anticipates, expects, plans, intends, may, could, might, will, should or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to numerous important factors, risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events or results to differ materially from the Companys current expectations. These and other risks are described in the Companys periodic reports, including the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission and available atwww.sec.gov. Any forward-looking statements that the Company makes in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this press release.

Zynerba ContactWill Roberts, VP Investor Relations and Corporate Communications484.581.7489robertsw@zynerba.com

Media contactMolly DevlinEvoke KYNE215.928.2199Molly.Devlin@evokegroup.com

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Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Announces the Acceptance of Two Posters at the Virtual Joint 49th Annual Child Neurology Society & 16th International...

The impact of COVID-19 on mental, neurological and substance use services: results of a rapid assessment – World – ReliefWeb

Executive summary

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified mental health as an integral component of the COVID-19 response. Its rapid assessment of service delivery for mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, on which this report is based, is the first attempt to measure the impact of the pandemic on such services at a global level. The data were collected through a web-based survey completed by mental health focal points at ministries of health between June and August 2020. The questionnaire covered the existence and funding of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) plans, the presence and composition of MHPSS coordination platforms, the degree of continuation and causes of disruption of different MNS services, the approaches used to overcome these disruptions, and surveillance mechanisms and research on MNS data.

In total, 130 (67%) WHO Member States, across all WHO regions, submitted answers to the survey. Data were disaggregated by region, income group and stage of transmission of COVID-19.

The vast majority, 116 or 89% of responding countries, reported that MHPSS response is part of their national COVID-19 response plans. However, only 17% of these countries have ensured full additional funding for MHPSS covering all activities.

Two-thirds (65%) of responding countries have a multisectoral MHPSS coordination platform for COVID-19 response, and more than 65% of these countries include the ministries of health, social/family affairs and education and also nongovernmental organizations as part of these platforms.

Almost half (51%) of responding countries reported that ensuring the continuity of all MNS services was included in the list of essential health services in their national COVID-19 response plan, while 40% of countries reported the inclusion of some MNS services in the list of essential health services in their national response plan.

To understand government policies on access to a range of MNS services, the status of closure of existing services was checked across different categories and settings. A total of 10 types of services for MNS disorders were included, such as inpatient and outpatient services at mental hospitals; outpatient services, inpatient psychiatric and neurological units as well as treatment of substance use disorders at general hospitals; and services for MNS disorders at primary health care, residential, home and day care services at community level. No country reported a full closure of all services; but in only 7% of responding countries were all services fully open, with 93% of countries reported disruptions in one or more of their services for MNS disorders.

There were differences in the types of service affected by closure, with outpatient services in mental and general hospitals as well as community-based services predominantly more affected. For example, community-based services were more impacted compared with inpatient facilities, with full or partial closure in more than 40% of countries and home care and day care services reaching levels of full or partial closure in 6070% of countries.

Countries were also asked to report on disruption (complete or partial) of delivery of specific MNS interventions. For the purpose of the survey, complete disruption was defined as more than 50% of users not served as usual, and partial disruption as between 5% and 50% of users not served as usual.One-third (33%) of responding countries reported complete or partial disruption across at least 75% of specific MNS-related interventions/services. This level of disruption was the highest within countries in the community transmission stage of COVID-19 (44%).

An important finding is that some life-saving emergency and essential MNS services were reported as being disrupted; 35% of countries reported some disruption of management of emergency MNS manifestations (including status epilepticus, delirium and severe substance withdrawal syndromes) and 30% reported disruption in supply of medications for people with MNS disorders.

Prevention and promotion mental health services and programmes were most severely affected. Around three-quarters of school mental health or workplace mental health services were wholly or partially disrupted. Approximately only 30% of mental health services for children and adolescents or for older adults were available with no disruption, and fewer than 40% of antenatal or postnatal mental health services were not disrupted. Almost 60% of all psychotherapy and counselling services were reported as partially disrupted. Overdose prevention and management programmes and critical harm reduction services were disrupted in more than 50% of countries.

The main causes of disruption were identified as a decrease in outpatient volume due to patients not presenting, travel restrictions hindering access to health facilities for patients and a decrease in inpatient volume due to cancellation of elective care.

Community-based services and mental health prevention and promotion programmes, already limited in availability, are reported to be disrupted at a time when society needs them the most due to the adverse mental health impacts COVID-19.

Countries have responded to the disruption of MNS services in multiple ways. Some 70% of countries have responded by using telemedicine/teletherapy to replace in-person consultations (this included use of any remote contact, such as telephone or video conferencing). Other measures that were reported include helplines for MHPSS (68%) and specific measures for infection prevention and control in mental health services (65%). Training in basic psychosocial skills for health care providers working in COVID-19 treatment centres was the most common approach in low-income countries (60%). Generally speaking, however, interventions such as task sharing through building the capacity of general health workers seem to be underutilized in many countries (38%).

Slightly more than half of responding countries (53%) were reported to be collecting data on MNS disorders or manifestations in people with COVID-19, and two-thirds (66%) of countries reported ongoing or planned studies related to the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. A gap was identified in the areas of substance use and neurology research related to the pandemic.

This report provides key insights into the extent of disruption of MNS services and measures being adopted in response. Certain limitations should be kept in mind when examining the results of this rapid assessment; these include the limitations associated with self-reported data, particularly concerning judgements often being made by a single focal point.

The survey highlights the need to strengthen the monitoring of changes in service availability, delivery and utilization at country level, and to establish informed decision making on required adaptations and strategies for MNS services during the pandemic. WHO has published Maintaining essential health services: operational guidance for the COVID-19 context (1) which should be considered when making specific adaptations and considerations for safe delivery and restoration of MNS services, including emergency acute care and outpatient care guidance.

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The impact of COVID-19 on mental, neurological and substance use services: results of a rapid assessment - World - ReliefWeb

Stem cells can repair Parkinson’s-damaged circuits in mouse brains – University of Wisconsin-Madison

The mature brain is infamously bad at repairing itself following damage like that caused by trauma or strokes, or from degenerative diseases like Parkinsons. Stem cells, which are endlessly adaptable, have offered the promise of better neural repair. But the brains precisely tuned complexity has stymied the development of clinical treatments.

In a new study addressing these hurdles, University of WisconsinMadison researchers demonstrated a proof-of-concept stem cell treatment in a mouse model of Parkinsons disease. They found that neurons derived from stem cells can integrate well into the correct regions of the brain, connect with native neurons and restore motor functions.

The key is identity. By carefully tracking the fate of transplanted stem cells, the scientists found that the cells identity dopamine-producing cells in the case of Parkinsons defined the connections they made and how they functioned.

Coupled with an increasing array of methods to produce dozens of unique neurons from stem cells, the scientists say this work suggests neural stem cell therapy is a realistic goal. However, much more research is needed to translate findings from mice to people.

Su-Chun Zhang talks with a postdoctoral student in his research lab at the Waismam Center. Photo: Jeff Miller

The team, led by UWMadison neuroscientist Su-Chun Zhang, published its findings Sept. 22 in the journal Cell Stem Cell. The research was led by Zhang lab postdoctoral researchers Yuejun Chen, Man Xiong and Yezheng Tao, who now hold faculty positions in China and Singapore.

Our brain is wired in such an accurate way by very specialized nerve cells in particular locations so we can engage in all our complex behaviors. This all depends on circuits that are wired by specific cell types, says Zhang, a professor of neuroscience and neurology at UWMadisons Waisman Center. Neurological injuries usually affect specific brain regions or specific cell types, disrupting circuits. In order to treat those diseases, we have to restore these circuits.

To repair those circuits in the Parkinsons disease mouse model, the researchers began by coaxing human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into dopamine-producing neurons, the kind of cells that die in Parkinsons. They transplanted these new neurons into the midbrains of mice, the brain region most affected by Parkinsons degeneration.

Several months later, after the new neurons had time to integrate into the brain, the mice showed improved motor skills. Looking closely, Zhangs group was able to see that the transplanted neurons grew long distances to connect to motor-control regions of the brain. The nerve cells also established connections with regulatory regions of the brain that fed into the new neurons and prevented them from being overstimulated.

Both sets of connections feeding in and out of the transplanted neurons resembled the circuitry established by native neurons. This was only true for dopamine-producing cells. Similar experiments with cells producing the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is not involved in Parkinsons disease, did not repair motor circuits, revealing the importance of neuron identity in repairing damage.

To finally confirm that the transplanted neurons had repaired the Parkinsons-damaged circuits, the researchers inserted genetic on-and-off switches into the stem cells. These switches turn the cells activity up or down when they are exposed to specialized designer drugs in the diet or through an injection.

When the stem cells were shut down, the mices motor improvements vanished, suggesting the stem cells were essential for restoring Parkinsons-damaged brains. It also showed that this genetic switch technology could be used to fine-tune the activity of transplanted cells to optimize treatment.

Zhang found that neurons derived from stem cells can connect with native neurons and restore motor functions. But more research is needed to translate the findings from mice to people.

The Zhang group and other researchers have spent years developing methods to turn stem cells into the many different types of neurons within the brain. Each neurological disease or injury would require its own specialized nerve cells to treat, but the treatment plans would likely be broadly similar. We used Parkinsons as a model, but the principle is the same for many different neurological disorders, says Zhang.

The work has personal meaning to Zhang. As a physician and scientist, he often receives letters from families desperate for help treating neurological disorders or brain trauma. Its also an experience he can relate to. Six years ago, Zhang was in a bike accident and broke his neck. When he awoke partially paralyzed in the hospital, his first thought was of how stem cells which he had already researched for years could help him recover.

Now, largely rehabilitated after years of physical therapy, Zhang still believes that the right stem cell treatments could, in the future, help people like him and the families he hears from.

To that end, Zhangs group is currently testing similar treatments in primates, a step toward human trials.

There is hope, but we need to take things one step at a time, he says.

This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (grants NS096282, NS076352, and NS086604, MH099587 and MH100031).

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Stem cells can repair Parkinson's-damaged circuits in mouse brains - University of Wisconsin-Madison

Neurologic function and COVID-19 | Feeling Fit – yoursun.com

Q: My family has a history of neurologic disease. My grandfather died from a stroke. An uncle was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease at 40, and my brother recently was diagnosed with an aneurysm. I'm wondering if our family is at greater risk for COVID-19? Are there any neurologic symptoms we should be on the lookout for?

A: Being diagnosed with any neurologic disease can be difficult for patients and their families, but it can be even more concerning now. The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has become a concern for everyone, but it is particularly concerning for older individuals and those with other health issues or decreased immune systems. Neurological disorders are among the underlying medical conditions that may increase the risk of serious COVID-19 complications for individuals of any age.

The neurological effects of COVID-19 are still being studied. What's unknown is whether these are direct effects of the virus entering the nervous system or consequences of the disease's effect on the body. There are bits of information that have come out from a number of studies looking at clinical evaluation of patients that would suggest that there is nervous system direct involvement by the virus, but the reliability of those studies is still in question.

Recent findings are indicating that stroke is one of the conditions that has been seemingly at higher incidence in patients who have involvement in the body by COVID-19. Why the strokes occur in people infected with COVID-19 is yet to be fully determined. It's thought that a lot of it might be worsening of the damaged blood vessels these individuals have, which makes them predisposed to stroke, and then their bodies are being stressed from a respiratory perspective by this intense illness.

Normally, when people are sick, particularly when their respiratory system is failing, we know there will be adverse effects on the brain because of poor oxygenation and other metabolic effects. While these effects are serious, they are not direct effects of the virus on the brain itself.

There have been reports about patients who have experienced COVID-19 and who also had some neurological signs and symptoms, such as change of taste and smell and confusion. The challenge is that there is a lot we do not know about COVID-19, including if these issues are a direct effect of the virus actually getting into the nervous system and damaging the brain, or whether it's an indirect effect as a consequence of the respiratory failure or compromise of other organs of the body. It is important to remember that COVID-19 is not the only virus that causes these symptoms of reduced smell. Influenza is well known to affect taste and smell, too, and there are other respiratory viruses that can cause similar kinds of troubles. COVID-19, however, seems to cause this at a higher frequency. But again, the challenge is whether the virus is actually directly affecting the nerves that have to do with taste and smell, or if it is the respiratory epithelium that is injured, that interacts with the nerve in the back of the nose.

The principle things that we'll see from a neurological viewpoint in relation to COVID-19 will be changes in mental awareness, cognition, troubles with difficulty of interaction or ability to interact with the environment. One of our concerns is how much of this is going to be long lasting and how much of this is just a temporary effect of metabolic disturbances. So, those are very much uncertain points at this time.

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Neurologic function and COVID-19 | Feeling Fit - yoursun.com

ESCAPE Bio Closes $73 Million in Crossover Financing to Advance Clinical Development of Precision Neurology Medicines for Genetic Neurodegeneration -…

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--ESCAPE Bio, a clinical stage company developing novel, precisely targeted therapeutics for genetic neurodegenerative diseases, today announced the closing of a $73M financing led by Wellington Management Company LLP. Additional new investors include Avidity Partners, CAM Capital, New Leaf Ventures, Rock Springs Capital, Surveyor Capital (a Citadel company) and Sphera Funds Management, who join existing investors OrbiMed, Novo Holdings, Johnson & Johnson Innovation, Novartis Venture Fund, Osage University Partners and Sutter Hill Ventures.

We are delighted to partner with these new outstanding investors as we advance our pipeline of precision neurology medicines, commented Julie Anne Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer of ESCAPE. The proceeds allow us to accelerate two programs into patients who lack disease modifying treatments.

About ESCAPE Bio

ESCAPE Bio is a clinical stage, privately held biopharmaceutical company developing novel, precisely targeted therapeutics for genetically defined neurodegenerative diseases. ESB1609 is in a Phase 1 multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers. ESCAPE has advanced a mutant-selective LRRK2 G2019S kinase inhibitor for Parkinsons Disease (PD) patients to IND-enabling studies. A pharmacologic structure corrector of Alzheimer's patients carrying the ApoE4 risk allele is in Discovery. For additional information, please visit http://www.escapebio.com.

About ESB1609

ESB1609 is a novel, orally administered, brain-penetrant and selective sphingosine-1-phosphate 5 (S1P5) receptor agonist. S1P5 receptors are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and natural killer (NK) cells as one of five receptors within the G-protein-coupled S1P receptor family (S1P1 S1P5). Activation of S1P5 plays a significant counteractive role in many aspects of neurodegenerative disease relevant biology inclusive of upregulating several CNS lipid transporters. S1P5 agonism has normalized brain ceramide and sphingosine phosphate levels and promoted clearance of aggregation-prone proteins across multiple pre-clinical models of neurodegeneration. ESB1609 is currently in a Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and biomarker study of escalating multiple doses in healthy volunteers.

About ESB5070

ESB5070 is a novel, orally-administered, brain-penetrant and selective Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S kinase inhibitor that spares wild type LRRK2 functionality. G2019S is the most common pathogenic mutation linked to PD occurring in 13% of PD patients. G2019S drives elevated kinase activity that perturbs the delicate orchestration of downstream signaling required for the healthy functioning of multiple cellular processes. ESB5070 is being developed specifically for the treatment of subjects carrying the LRRK2 G2019S variant and is currently in IND-enabling toxicology studies.

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ESCAPE Bio Closes $73 Million in Crossover Financing to Advance Clinical Development of Precision Neurology Medicines for Genetic Neurodegeneration -...

The Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Development of Case Report Forms for Global Use – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Neurocrit Care. 2020 Sep 18. doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01100-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Since its original report in January 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has rapidly become one of the deadliest global pandemics. Early reports indicate possible neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, highly variable prevalence rates, and uncertainty regarding causal or coincidental occurrence of symptoms. As neurological involvement of any systemic disease is frequently associated with adverse effects on morbidity and mortality, obtaining accurate and consistent global data on the extent to which COVID-19 may impact the nervous system is urgently needed. To address this need, investigators from the Neurocritical Care Society launched the Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID). The GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium rapidly implemented a Tier 1, pragmatic study to establish phenotypes and prevalence of neurological manifestations of COVID-19. A key component of this global collaboration is development and application of common data elements (CDEs) and definitions to facilitate rigorous and systematic data collection across resource settings. Integration of these elements is critical to reduce heterogeneity of data and allow for future high-quality meta-analyses. The GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium specifically designed these elements to be feasible for clinician investigators during a global pandemic when healthcare systems are likely overwhelmed and resources for research may be limited. Elements include pediatric components and translated versions to facilitate collaboration and data capture in Latin America, one of the epicenters of this global outbreak. In this manuscript, we share the specific data elements, definitions, and rationale for the adult and pediatric CDEs for Tier 1 of the GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium, as well as the translated versions adapted for use in Latin America. Global efforts are underway to further harmonize CDEs with other large consortia studying neurological and general aspects of COVID-19 infections. Ultimately, the GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium network provides a critical infrastructure to systematically capture data in current and future unanticipated disasters and disease outbreaks.

PMID:32948987 | DOI:10.1007/s12028-020-01100-4

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The Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Development of Case Report Forms for Global Use - DocWire News

Systolic Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Hypotension Are Linked to Dementia – Neurology Advisor

Systolic orthostatic hypotension (OHYPO) and variability in visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure (BP) postural changes may be associated with increased risk of dementia, according to study results published in Neurology.

BP postural changes affects a significant percent of the elderly population, and various pharmacologic/non-pharmacologic interventions may improve orthostatic symptoms. Additionally, while previous studies have indicated the association between OHYPO and cardiovascular outcomes, much less is understood about the relationship of OHYPO with cognitive ones. Study researchers consequently sought to evaluate whether OHYPO and variability in visit-to-visit BP postural changes were associated with dementia.

The study included older adults (mean age, 73 years; 53% women) who were pooled from the Health, Aging, Body Composition cohort study (n=2131). In this cohort, changes in orthostatic BP were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 5 years. Patients were considered to have OHYPO if they experienced a decrease of at least 15 mmHg in systolic or at least 7 mmHg in diastolic BP after standing from a sitting position for a minimum of 1 out of 3 clinic visits. Both systolic and diastolic OHYPO were assessed separately.

Variability in BP postural changes were also examined over time. Additionally, the investigators examined the prevalence of incident dementia over a 12-year period after baseline (total follow up, 17 years) by assessing dementia medication use, changes in Modified Mini-Mental State (1.5 standard deviation decline), or records of hospitalization with dementia.

A total of 309 (14.5%) patients had OHYPO, 192 (9.0%) had systolic OHYPO, 132 (6.2%) had diastolic OHYPO, and 462 (21.7%) developed incident dementia over 12 years. Systolic OHYPO correlated with greater dementia risk in a multivariable adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01-1.88). No significant association was found between diastolic OHYPO and increased risk of dementia (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.60-1.40). Variability in systolic BP postural changes also correlated with an increased risk of dementia, particularly in the highest tertile of variability (adjusted HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.06-1.71).

Limitations of this study included its observational design, the lack of a formal and structured clinical assessment for dementia, and the reliance on a relatively small number of orthostatic BP measures to assess variability in BP postural changes.

The study researchers concluded that the management of orthostatic systolic BP and its variability, including with an optimization of antihypertensive treatment, could be a promising interventional target in preserving cognitive function among older adults.

Disclosure: Several study authors declared affiliations with the pharmaceutical industry. Please see the original reference for a full list of authors disclosures.

Reference

Rouch L, Vidal JS, Hoang T, Cestac P, Hanon O, Yaffe K. Systolic blood pressure postural changes variability is associated with greater dementia risk. Neurology. Published online July 20, 2020. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000010420

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Systolic Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Hypotension Are Linked to Dementia - Neurology Advisor

Voyager Therapeutics Appoints Nancy Vitale to its Board of Directors – GlobeNewswire

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 15, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Voyager Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: VYGR), a clinical-stage gene therapy company focused on developing life-changing treatments for severe neurological diseases, today announced the addition of Nancy Vitale as an independent director to its Board of Directors, effective as of September 15, 2020. Ms. Vitale brings more than 25 years of experience to Voyagers Board, with deep expertise in human resources. She is a former Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resource Officer at Genentech, a member of the Roche Group.

We are thrilled to welcome Nancy to our Board, said Andre Turenne, President and CEO of Voyager. Nancys accomplished background in helping organizations thrive by focusing on a strong patient-centric culture and employee wellbeing will be enormously valuable as we continue to grow Voyager.

Since leaving Genentech, in 2019, Ms. Vitale co-founded and continues to co-manage Partners for Wellbeing, LLC., a boutique human resources consulting firm. Prior to her 13-year tenure at Genentech, Ms. Vitale held senior human resources roles at Procter & Gamble Company and CIGNA. Ms. Vitale earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from the University of Michigan and an MBA from the Goizueta Business School of Emory University.

Im delighted to join Voyagers Board of Directors, Ms. Vitale commented. The company is led by an outstanding team and Im highly compelled by Voyagers mission to deliver life-changing medicines for patients suffering from severe neurological diseases. I look forward to working with other members of the Board and contributing to this important mission.

Ms. Vitale will also serve as a member of the Boards Compensation Committee.

About Voyager Therapeutics

Voyager Therapeutics is a clinical-stage gene therapy company focused on developing life-changing treatments for severe neurological diseases. Voyager is committed to advancing the field of AAV gene therapy through innovation and investment in vector engineering and optimization, manufacturing, and dosing and delivery techniques. Voyagers wholly owned and partnered pipeline focuses on severe neurological diseases for which effective new therapies are needed, including Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, Friedreichs ataxia, and other severe neurological diseases. For more information onVoyager Therapeutics, please visit the companys website atwww.voyagertherapeutics.com or follow@VoyagerTxon Twitter andLinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements for the purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities law. The use of words such as may, might, will, should, expect, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, project, intend, future, potential, or continue, and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. For example, all statements Voyager makes regarding Ms. Vitales participation as a member of Voyagers Board of Directors and her ability to help Voyager grow and develop a strong patient-centric culture and focus on employee wellbeing are forward-looking. All forward-looking statements are based on assumptions by Voyagers management that, although Voyager believes to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that Voyager expected, including the ability of Ms. Vitale to quickly integrate onto the Voyager Board of Directors, to make contributions as a member of the Voyager Board of Directors and to contribute to Voyagers culture. These statements are also subject to a number of material risks and uncertainties that are described in Voyagers most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as updated by its future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it was made. Voyager undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Investors:Paul CoxVP, Investor Relations857-201-3463pcox@vygr.com

Media: Sheryl Seapy W2Opure949-903-4750sseapy@purecommunications.com

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Voyager Therapeutics Appoints Nancy Vitale to its Board of Directors - GlobeNewswire

Effects of Migraine on Disability and Neurological Function in MS – Neurology Advisor

The following article is part of conference coverage from the 8th Joint American Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) and European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) MSVirtual2020 event. Neurology Advisors staff will be reporting breaking news associated with research conducted by leading experts in neurology. .

Among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a history of migraine may not be associated with worse disability or neurological function, according to study results presented at the 8th Joint American Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) and European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) MSVirtual2020 event, held September 11-13, 2020.

While previous studies reported that migraine is common in patients with MS, limited data exist on the effects of migraine on disability or neurological function in this population. The objective of the current study was to investigate the association between history of migraine, disability and neurological function in patients with MS. In addition, study researchers explored the association between migraine and frequency of MS relapses, and the co-occurrence of migraine with other comorbidities in patients with MS.

This observational study included patients with MS and a documented history of migraine, who completed a neurological function assessment using the MS Performance Test. Study researchers also collected data on other comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, history of myocardial infarction, sleep apnea, depression, and anxiety.

Disability was determined according to the Patient Determined Disease Steps tool. Additional outcomes included annualized relapse rate, rate of new brain lesions on MRI and objective neurological outcomes (walking speed, manual dexterity, and processing speed).

Of the 2017 patients with MS who completed the MS Performance Test, 336 had 1 documented diagnosis of migraine in their electronic medical record. Patients with MS and migraine were younger than those without migraine (mean age, 42.6 years vs 46.6 years, respectively; P <.001) and had higher rates of depression (46.52 vs. 48.16, P <.001), anxiety (50.29 vs 52.81; P <.01), and obstructive sleep apnea (109 vs 53, P <.001).

Severe disability was less frequent in patients with migraine compared to those without (5.4% vs 12%, respectively; P <.003), and there was no difference in objective neurological outcomes, including walking speed, manual dexterity or processing speed. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in annualized relapse rate or rate of new brain lesions in patients with MS with and without migraine.

Researchers concluded that a history of migraine was not associated with greater disability in patients with MS, but added that the evidence to date on this topic is conflicting and warrants future longitudinal studies..

Visit Neurology Advisors conference section for continuous coverage from the ACTRIMS/ECTRIMS MSVirtual2020 Forum.

Reference

Damian A, Hu C, Fitzgerald K, Mowry E. A history of migraine headache may not be associated with worse disability or worse neurological function. Presented at: 8th Joint American Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis MSVirtual2020 event; September 11-13, 2020. Abstract P0423.

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Effects of Migraine on Disability and Neurological Function in MS - Neurology Advisor

COVID-19 can hide in the brains of mice, cause neurological issues – Business Insider – Business Insider

Darius Settles was sent home from the emergency room twice after contracting COVID-19 in June. The first time, he was told to come back if his condition worsened. On his second visit, his blood-oxygen levels were normal enough to discharge him again. He died in July, the youngest person killed by the coronavirus in Nashville, Tennessee, at that time.

Situations in which patients seem better, get discharged, then see their conditions worsen, have become common over the course of the pandemic. New research suggests it may be related to infections in the brain.

"People seem to have very nice recovery, lung functions are fine, and we send them home just to find out that three days later, the patient becomes so severe that they died," Mukesh Kumar, a virologist at Georgia State University, told Insider. "That usually can only happen when the brain is involved."

Kumar recently published a study in the journal Viruses that examines how COVID-19 affects the brains of mice.

His results showed that three days after the mice were infected with the coronavirus, they displayed high levels of virus in their lungs. By days five and six, their lungs had started to clear up but their brains showed about 1,000 times more virus than the peak levels found in the lungs. That coincided with the arrival of severe symptoms such as labored breathing, disorientation, and weakness.

The virus also triggered an inflammatory response in the brain, marked by the release of chemical signals called cytokines. Under normal circumstances, cytokines tell the immune system to fight off infection but too many cytokines can instruct the body to attack its own cells, triggering dangerous levels of inflammation. The mice brains in the study showed around 10 to 50 times more cytokines than the lungs.

In some mice, the reaction caused immediate death. But in mice with milder cases, the virus seemed to hide out in the brain indefinitely.

Though results of mice studies don't always hold true for humans, Kumar suspects that the brain is a major target for the coronavirus.

"Our brain doesn't have that good immune response like our lungs or our heart, so whenever the virus goes in the brain, it can replicate very well," Kumar said. "It can stay there for a long time."

Viral replication in the brain could also explain why some coronavirus patients have persistent neurological issues, such as dizziness or brain fog, long after they've tested negative for COVID-19. In some cases, Kumar said, there's a risk these neurological problems may give rise to chronic illnesses such as autoimmune disorders, Parkinson's, or multiple sclerosis.

"Depending upon your immune response or antibody levels, it could cause low levels of inflammation, or maybe make you prone to other disease, or maybe reactivate later," he said. "All these are still outstanding questions because we are still only one year into the pandemic."

A woman improperly wears her face mask in Rome, Italy, on April 29, 2020. Andreas Solaro/AFP/Getty Images

COVID-19 is often described as a respiratory disease, since the coronavirus attacks the lungs first. But some researchers suspect it may be a vascular disease, given that some patients develop blood clots, leaky capillaries, and inflamed blood vessels, which can lead to heart damage or stroke.

ADutch study of 184 coronavirus patients in the ICU found that nearly one-third of patients had blood clots. And aJuly study of 100 COVID-19 patients found that 78 of them had some degree of heart damage. Studies have also suggested that nearly 2% of COVID-19 patients have strokes far more than than the rate of strokes among influenza patients.

But Kumar's study didn't detect any virus in the blood of infected mice.

Instead, his research showed that the virus entered the brain through the nasal passages, before attacking the central nervous system. Part of that nervous system controls our sense of smell, which may explain why many coronavirus patients have trouble smelling. Kumar said it's possible that the virus could reach the brain after entering the mouth as well, but the nose is a more direct pathway.

In mice, the coronavirus seemed to have trouble replicating in organs such as the heart, liver, or kidneys. But an infection in the brain can ultimately damage such organs, Kumar said.

"It doesn't even have to go to every organ, because if it can go to the brain, there are several parts of the brain that control all other organs," he said. "So it could also be possible that you don't even need virus in the lungs to cause lung failure."

A patient who has recovered from COVID-19, gestures next to his son as he leaves the Juarez Hospital in Mexico City, Mexico, July 27, 2020. Edgard Garrido/Reuters

Neurological issues are more common among coronavirus patients than scientists originally thought.

An October study found that 82% of coronavirus patients admitted to a hospital network in Chicago in March and April 2020 had neurological symptoms. The issues ranged from relatively minor headaches, dizziness, and loss of smell to serious conditions like brain damage, strokes, and seizures.

In some cases, these symptoms can linger for at least several months.

A recent study from University of Oxford researchers, which is still awaiting peer review, found that 13% of people who got COVID-19 were diagnosed with a psychiatric or neurological illness within six months of testing positive for the virus. Some patients even showed signs of Parkinson's disease or Guillain-Barr syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder, but those results weren't statistically significant.

Kumar said it's fairly simple to tell whether a patient has a severe neurological condition, since the issue will likely show up on an MRI or CT scan. But mild neurological problems are often difficult to pinpoint.

"Unfortunately, based on other studies, it could be lifelong," Kumar said. "We know patients who are still showing symptoms who were infected a year ago."

The research he did on mouse brains, however, is difficult to replicate in humans.

"The patient has to die to actually find out if the virus is hiding in the brain," he said.

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COVID-19 can hide in the brains of mice, cause neurological issues - Business Insider - Business Insider

Detecting Alzheimer’s Gets Easier with a Simple Blood Test – Scientific American

When a patient complains of forgetfulness, a neurologist might not know immediately whether it results from normal aging, reduced blood flow to the brainor, more ominously, Alzheimers disease. For much of the past century, a definitive Alzheimers diagnosis could only be made during an autopsy. Brain imaging and spinal fluid tests now make it possible to spot the disease in patients even before the initial symptoms appear. But these invasive tests are expensive and generally limited to research settings that are not part of routine care for the millions of people suffering from the most common neurodegenerative disorder.

An era in which an Alzheimers diagnosis can begin in a doctors office is now arriving. Advances in technologies to detect early signs of disease from a blood sample are helping doctors to identify the memory-robbing disorder more accurately and to screen participants more quickly for trials of potential treatments for the more than five million people in the U.S. afflicted with Alzheimers. (Estimates predict that, by 2030, there will be 76 million people worldwide who will receive a diagnosis of Alzheimers or other dementias.)

Last fall, a blood test developed by C2N Diagnostics in St. Louis, Mo., became available to most of the U.S. as a routine lab testregulated under the CMS Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program. It has also received a CE mark as a diagnostic medical device in the European Unionindicating it has met safety, health and environmental protection standards for the region.

The development of a blood-based test for Alzheimers disease is just phenomenal, says Michelle Mielke, a neuroscientist and epidemiologist at the Mayo Clinic. The field has been thinking about this for a very long time. Its really been in the last couple of years that the possibility has come to fruition.

The C2N test, called PrecivityAD, uses an analytic technique known as mass spectrometry to detect specific types of beta-amyloid, a protein fragment that is a pathological hallmark of disease. Beta-amyloid proteins accumulate and form plaques visible on brain scans two decades before a patient notices memory problems. As plaques build up in the brain, levels of beta-amyloid decline in the surrounding fluid. Such changes can be measured in spinal fluid samplesand now in blood, where beta-amyloid concentrations are significantly lower. PrecivityAD is the first blood test for Alzheimers to be cleared for widespread use and one of a new generation of such assays that could enable early detection of the leading neurodegenerative diseaseperhaps decades before the onset of the first symptoms.

PrecivityAD is meant for 60- to 91-year-olds with early signs of cognitive impairment. The prescribing physician ships patient blood samples for analysis at C2Ns lab and receives results within 10 business days. The resultsa probability score that reflects the likelihood of an amyloid-positive brain scanare calculated using a proprietary algorithm that incorporates the persons age with measurements of beta-amyloid and a protein called apolipoprotein E that is known to influence Alzheimers disease risk.

Rather than serving as a stand-alone tool, the results are meant to enhance the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis by distinguishing Alzheimers dementia from memory loss caused by other conditions. The test costs $1,250 and is not currently covered by insurance, though a financial assistance program can bring out-of-pocket costs down to between $25 and $400 for eligible patients, says C2Ns chief executive Joel Braunstein.

By comparison, beta-amyloid tests using positron-emission tomography (PET) brain imaging typically cost around $5,000 and are typically not covered by insurance, and those that sample cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually cost from $800 to $1,000. Compared with these more invasive and burdensome procedures, the ease and lower cost of blood tests open up many exciting possibilities for clinical use and therapeutic development, says Adam Boxer, a neurologist at the University of California, San Francisco. Blood tests can be collected from people repeatedly in remote locations or in their homes. No drugs have yet been approved that change the course of Alzheimers. But readily available early tests could improve treatment by letting patients take measures to stay healthy, affording them an opportunity to plan for an uncertain future and participate in clinical trials.

From a preventive standpoint, blood tests could help identify whos at risk, Mielke says. Testing could also be used to screen potential participants for experimental drugs. In some past trials of beta-amyloid-reducing treatments, 15 to 30 percent of patients who met clinical criteria for Alzheimers turned out not to have brain amyloid. Nowadays trials often require participants to show evidence of disease pathology through PET scans or CSF measures. Prescreening with a cheap blood test could halve the number of PET scans needed to enroll volunteers, according to a new study published on January 22 in the journal Brain.

This would lower the cost of trials, which means more potential treatments can be tested, and that increases the chances of finding a cure, says Elisabeth Thijssen, a researcher studying blood biomarkers for Alzheimers at Amsterdam University Medical Centers in the Netherlands. Blood tests would be particularly helpful in identifying patients for trials of potential drugs that could be most effective long before the first symptom of cognitive decline.

Looking for beta-amyloid is not the only option. Some researchers believe other disease markersfor example, certain forms of the protein taucould prove more promising when incorporated in blood tests for Alzheimers. Beta-amyloid levels start to drop very early in the disease process and then reach a plateau, whereas tau markers go up later and continue to rise. That observation suggests amyloid tests could work better for early detection while tau levels are more meaningful at later stages of the disease, when someone is on the verge of decline or already symptomatic, says Oskar Hansson, a neurologist at Lund University in Sweden. Last year Thijssen and Hansson published separate studies showing that tau blood tests could distinguish Alzheimers from other neurodegenerative diseases nearly as well as CSF measurements and PET scans. Quanterix, a company in Billerica, Mass., has developed an immunoassay that detects amyloid and tau in conjunction with other neurological markers and inflammatory proteins. So far these tests are not available outside of research settings.

We researchers are super enthusiastic about these tests, Thijssen says. Most studies have been conducted in extensively studied groups of patients in neurology clinics, however. Now we have to make the step into the real world, she says. When a new patient comes in with memory complaints, is a blood test going to help physicians make a proper diagnosis?

Patients in other settings may have other ailments that could affect the accuracy of assays. Some medical conditions can influence the levels of blood proteins, possibly skewing test results. If somebody has chronic kidney disease, that can affect the clearance of proteins, Mielke says. Individuals with a high body mass index tend to have higher blood volume, so that could reduce protein levels.

UCSF neurologist Gil Rabinovici agrees that all these markers need to be validated in more diverse and generalizable cohorts. He is helping to lead a new study that will test blood assays against amyloid PET scans in 5,000 patients recruited at 350 clinical siteswith an emphasis on patients from Black and Latinx populations, which are historically underrepresented in dementia research.

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Detecting Alzheimer's Gets Easier with a Simple Blood Test - Scientific American

American Neurological Association’s First-Ever All-Virtual, Interactive Meeting Attracts Record Attendance from 47 Countries With Special Focus on…

Newswise The 145th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association, its first-ever virtual, interactive event, was attended by 1,421 members and guests from 46 countries and the U.S.A., a greater number than attended any Meeting in recent years. The five-day program which ran from October 4, 2020 through October 9, 2020, featured 67 sessions, with a strong focus on the ground-breaking science being conducted by the Associations early-career members.

This year, we added four Emerging Scholar sessions and highlighted the work of our junior and early career members with the Derek Denny-Brown Young Neurological Scholars symposium, explained ANA2020 Meeting Chair Conrad Chris Weihl, MD, PhD. These symposia were very well-received and well-attended, reflecting the excitement in the research community for this work.

In addition, the Meeting showcased an extensive number of poster abstract submissions, all of which demonstrated that extraordinary work is taking place at all career levels across all subspecialties, and reaffirming that ANA is committed to fostering and advancing academic neurology and neuroscience, Weihl noted.

The Meeting featured 18 Special Interest Group (SIG) Networking sessions this year, which provided an opportunity for members at all career levels to benefit from an exchange of ideas and exploration of the newest science in their respective fields. Also new this year was a Social Justice Symposium, which took place the day before the official start of the meeting, and featured an in-depth exploration of such topics as the impact of social determinants of health, adverse health outcomes for people of color, and health-care policy. In addition, participants participated in interactive breakout sessions designed to develop actionable steps to address inequity within academic neurology and neuroscience.

Members responded enthusiastically to the virtual, interactive format, commenting on the opportunities for networking that were still core to ANAs strong tradition of fostering relationships within the neuroscience and neurology research and educational communities. As an assistant professor, I look to ANA for opportunities for mentorship and networking that can help advance my career, and I wasnt sure this could be accomplished in a virtual setting, said Elizabeth Silbermann, MD But there were a surprising number of virtual sessions that allowed us to gather and discuss the topics we would be exploring in a live meeting setting. It was a great experience, and I ended the Meeting with a number of professional contacts Im excited to reach out to again.

Following the Annual Meeting, ANA announced the recipients of the Poster Awards, and the Emerging Scholar Awards.

ABOUT THE ANA

The American Neurological Association is a professional society of academic neurologists and neuroscientists devoted to advancing the goals of academic neurology; to training and educating neurologists and other physicians in the neurologic sciences; and to expanding both our understanding of diseases of the nervous system and our ability to treat them.

For more information, visit http://www.myana.org or follow @TheNewANA1 on Twitter, @AmericanNeurologicalAssociation on Facebook, or @ananeurology on Instagram.

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IDSA, AAN, and ACR Release Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease – Newswise

Newswise New evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease have been developed by a multidisciplinary panel led by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Academy of Neurology, and the American College of Rheumatology. Representatives from an additional 12 medical specialties and patients also served on the panel.

The guidelines provide practical recommendations for clinicians treating patients with Lyme disease, including, but not limited to, primary care physicians, infectious diseases specialists, emergency physicians, internists, pediatricians, family physicians, neurologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists, and dermatologists.

These recommendations aim to serve as a meaningful resource for the safe, effective, evidence-based care of people with Lyme disease. They address clinical questions related to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease; complications from neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatic symptoms; disease expression commonly seen in Eurasia; and complications from coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens.

The guidelines include 43 recommendations related to diagnostic testing, including testing scenarios (such as for certain neurologic, psychologic, behavioral, cardiac, and rheumatologic syndromes); detailed recommendations about Lyme carditis; and a discussion of chronic Lyme disease.

Among the diagnostic testing recommendations, the guidelines recommend clinical diagnosis without laboratory testing for people with a skin rash characteristic of early Lyme disease. For people with other signs of Lyme disease, such as swollen joints or meningitis, the guidelines recommend antibody testing.

Among the treatment recommendations, the guidelines recommend oral antibiotic therapy for most patients with Lyme disease. The recommended duration of therapy is 10 to 14 days for early Lyme disease, 14 days for Lyme carditis, 14 to 21 days for neurologic Lyme disease, and 28 days for late Lyme arthritis. Retreatment may be indicated for individuals with arthritis who have failed a first course of treatment.

The recommendations are grounded in a rigorous, systematic review of available evidence surrounding prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The panel adhered to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of the evidence and strength of recommendations. The guidelines are voluntary and it is up to clinicians to determine which treatments are best for individual patient scenarios.

Each of the three sponsoring organizations elected a co-chair to lead the guideline panel. A fourth co-chair was selected for their expertise in guideline methodology. A total of 36 panelists comprised the full panel, and the panel also included three patient representatives and one health care consumer representative.

About 30,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported annually, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there are more than 300,000 cases in the United States each year.

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About IDSA

The Infectious Diseases Society of America is a community of over 12,000 physicians, scientists, and public health experts who specialize in infectious diseases. Its purpose is to improve the health of individuals, communities, and society by promoting excellence in patient care, education, research, public health, and prevention relating to infectious diseases. Learn more at https://www.idsociety.org/.

About AAN

The American Academy of Neurology is the worlds largest association of neurologists and neuroscience professionals, with more than 36,000 members. The AAN is dedicated to promoting the highest quality patient-centered neurologic care. Learn more at https://www.aan.com/.

About ACR

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) is an international medical society representing over 7,700 rheumatologists and rheumatology health professionals with a mission to empower rheumatology professionals to excel in their specialty. In doing so, the ACR offers education, research, advocacy, and practice management support to help its members continue their innovative work and provide quality patient care. Learn more at https://www.rheumatology.org/

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IDSA, AAN, and ACR Release Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease - Newswise