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New York, NY 13 Nov 2019: According to a new research published by Polaris Market Research the global Nanosatellite And Microsatellite Marketis anticipated to reach overUSD 6,111.8 million by 2026. In 2017, the nano satellite segment dominated the global market, in terms of revenue. In 2017, North America accounted for the majority share in the global Nano Satellite and Micro Satellite market.

Nano satellites are used in civil, government, defense, and commercial sectors for earth observation and telecommunication applications. Organizations are increasingly adopting nano and micro satellites for technology demonstration, and scientific research and experimentation. The growing commercial sector, along with low costs associated with these satellites drive the market. There has been a rising demand of earth observation services among various sectors such as agriculture, energy, civil engineering, oil and gas, and defense. Growing use of these satellites in defense sector would boost the growth of this market. Technological advancement in terms of miniaturization of components, and associated software has encouraged established organizations, and small and medium enterprises to invest in these satellites. Advancements in microelectronics such as light weight apertures, antennas, panels, transreceivers, control sensors and actuators, and multi spectral imagers would increase the efficiency and processing power of these satellites and make it easy to assemble and test, reducing the complexities associated with heavy satellites.

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The well-known companies profiled in the report include Lockheed Martin Corporation, Planet Labs, Inc., Sierra Nevada Corporation, Raytheon Company, Clyde Space, Inc., SpaceQuest Ltd., Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, Vector Space Systems, Tyvak Inc., The Boeing Company, GomSpace Group AB, Harris Corporation, and Thales Group among others. These companies launch new products and collaborate with other market leaders to innovate and launch new products to meet the increasing needs and requirements of consumers.

Cubesat technology is growing at a rapid rate. CubeSats are a class of research spacecraft called nanosatellites. Cubesats are miniaturized satellites with mass between 1-3 kg. CubeSats are developed to standard dimensions (Units or U) of 10x10x11. They can be 1U, 2U, 3U, or 6U in size, and typically weigh less than 1.33 kg (3 lbs) per U. CubeSats are widely used by academia and research, and would constitute around 30% of total nano satellite market during the forecast period. Nano satellites in the range of 4-6 kg would constitute around 60% of the nano-satellite market during the forecast period owing to its increasing applications in remote sensing, earth observation, and technology development.

The adoption of nano and micro satellites in the commercial sector has increased tremendously over the past few years owing to miniaturization of bulky satellite components, reduced costs, and standardization of satellite parts. In the commercial sector, these satellites are used in forestry, agriculture, energy, civil engineering, archaeology, insurance, and media and entertainment among others. These satellites are used for obtaining high-resolution earth imaging, space-based internet, and communication services. Planet, a company based in U.S., has a constellation of 36 small satellites in orbit, and offers high resolution imaging to consumers in the commercial sector. Other companies such as Skybox, Digital Globe, and O3B offer services such as real time satellite imaging, telecommunication, and space-based internet through these satellites.

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The various applications of nanosatellites and microsatellitesinclude earth observation, communication, technology demonstration, biological experimentation, scientific research & academic training, and others. Earth observation accounted for the highest share in 2017.These satellites are increasingly being used in this sector for commercial weather monitoring, agricultural monitoring and management, and synthetic aperture radar imagery. They are also used by the defense sector for border monitoring, disaster management, and other military missions. Companies such as Planet, Skybox Imaging, and Dauria Aerospace have launched several small satellites dedicated only for remote sensing. Over 2,100 satellites are anticipated to be launched from 2016 to 2025. Leading companies in this sector include Planet, Spire, BlackSky Global and Satellogic, which together plan to launch 1,400 out of the total 2,100 satellites. An emerging application of these satellites is near real-time remote sensing, with two U.S. companies, Planet Labs and Skybox Imaging offering services. Near-real time satellite imagery would enable monitoring of assets at the same time for global corporations, and generating high-resolution visual data for individual companies, and governments. Increasing demand of on-demand geographic information systems with pay-per-image business model is expected to supplement the growth of this market.

North America is expected to dominate the market throughout the forecast period. Rise in applications of nano and micro satellites in agriculture, real estate, defense, and government sectors in the North American region is the major driver for market growth. The affordable price of these satellites also accelerates the penetration in the commercial sector. Rise in investment in the defense sector, along with technological advancement in telecommunication industry, is expected to drive the nano and micro satellite market growth during the forecast period. Use of high-resolution imaging, and communication services for border security and monitoring high-risk situation by federal agencies, government, and non-government organizations are expected to raise the market investment for these services.

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Polaris Market Research is a global market research and consulting company. The company specializes in providing exceptional market intelligence and in-depth business research services for our clientele spread across different enterprises. We at Polaris are obliged to serve our diverse customer base present across the industries of healthcare, technology, semi-conductors and chemicals among various other industries present around the world

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Nanosatellite And Microsatellite Market with Report In Depth Industry Analysis on Trends, Growth, Opportunities and Forecast till 2026 - Tech Admirers

New method overcomes limitations of existing chemical procedures and may accelerate nanoengineering of materials.

Schematic illustration of probe adsorption influenced by an attractive interaction within the corona

Researchers from the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) have made a discovery that allows scientists to look at the surface density of dispersed nanoparticles. This technique enables researchers to understand the properties of nanoparticles without disturbing them, at a much lower cost and far more quickly than with existing methods.

The new process is explained in a paper entitled Measuring the Accessible Surface Area within the Nanoparticle Corona using Molecular Probe Adsorption, published in the academic journal Nano Letters. It was led by Michael Strano, co-lead principal investigator of the Disruptive and Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision (DiSTAP) research group at SMART and the Carbon P. Dubbs Professor at MIT, and MIT graduate student Minkyung Park. DiSTAP is a part of SMART, MITs research enterprise in Singapore, and develops new technologies to enable Singapore, a city-state which is dependent upon imported food and produce, to improve its agriculture yield to reduce external dependencies.

The molecular probe adsorption (MPA) method is based on a noninvasive adsorption of a fluorescent probe on the surface of colloidal nanoparticles in an aqueous phase. Researchers are able to calculate the surface coverage of dispersants on the nanoparticle surface which are used to make it stable at room temperature by the physical interaction between the probe and nanoparticle surface.

We can now characterize the surface of the nanoparticle through its adsorption of the fluorescent probe. This allows us to understand the surface of the nanoparticle without damaging it, which is, unfortunately, the case with chemical processes widely used today, says Park. This new method also uses machines that are readily available in labs today, opening up a new, easy method for the scientific community to develop nanoparticles that can help revolutionize different sectors and disciplines.

The MPA method is also able to characterize a nanoparticle within minutes compared to several hours that the best chemical methods require today. Because it uses only fluorescent light, it is also substantially cheaper.

DiSTAP has started to use this method for nanoparticle sensors in plants and nanocarriers for delivery of molecular cargo into plants.

We are already using the new MPA method within DiSTAP to aid us in creating sensors and nanocarriers for plants, says Strano. It has enabled us to discover and optimize more sensitive sensors and understand the surface chemistry, which in turn allows for greater precision when monitoring plants. With higher-quality data and insight into plant biochemistry, we can ultimately provide optimal nutrient levels or beneficial hormones for healthier plants and higher yields.

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SMART discovers nondisruptive way to see surface of nanoparticles - Mirage News

Today Simera Sense and Space Inventor announced that they would collaborate through marketing Simera Senses optical payloads, enabling earth observation satellite operators to sense the earth in more detail with smaller satellites from reliable platforms.

As part of the agreement, Space Inventor will offer its clients Simera Senses range of optical payloads as part of its portfolio of products.

The cooperation between Simera Sense and Space Inventor provide satellite operators access to the best of both worlds, high-performance optical payloads in a small form factor and reliable CubeSat platforms in an extremely short time-to-orbit. Together, Simera Sense and Space Inventor are positioned to address the earth observation needs for the NewSpace industry through its tailored end-to-end performance, quick design iterations and short lead times.

Space Inventors versatile onboard computing platform and optical gigabit downlink capabilities will add a new dimension to earth observation, eliminating the inefficiencies associated with many CubeSat earth observation missions.

Simera Senses xScape100 and xScape200 product ranges are setting a new standard for remote sensing. The large aperture diameter and long focal length in a compact form factor enable a compelling spatial resolution for CubeSats.

At Simera Sense we are expanding into new geographical markets with local support, says Johann du Toit, CEO of Simera Sense. We are excited in partnering with a company with the experience and commitment to excellence as offered by Space Inventor. Working with Space Inventor will not only increase our global reach but will also enable us to provide cost-effective end-to-end solutions to our customers and make earth observation data more accessible to every person on earth.

We are very pleased to partner with Simera Sense, who as a pioneer in optical payloads is an obvious choice as a supplier to strengthen our product range, says Jacob M. Nissen, Chief Sales Officer at Space Inventor. At Space Inventor, we offer our customers some of the most innovative nanosatellite solutions on the market, and through our partnership with Simera Sense, we will be able to provide turn-key earth observation platforms with top-of-the-class optical payloads.

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Simera Sense And Space Inventor To Collaborate On Offering Earth Observation Solutions - Space in Africa

Global Nano Gas Sensors Market 2019 report contains wide-extending measurable details of Global Nano Gas Sensors Market, which enables the customer to separate the future maneuver and anticipate right execution.

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Global Nano Gas Sensors Market 2019 Raytheon Company, Ball Aerospace and Technologies, Thales Group, Lockheed Martin Corporation - Daily Industry...

The global "Nano Gas Sensors Market" report offers precise analytical information about the Nano Gas Sensors market. The market experts and proficient analysts generate the information based on the past and current situation of Nano Gas Sensors market, various factors affecting the growth trajectory, global sales, demand, total revenue generated, and capitalization of the market. Moreover, the report delivers a summarized assessment of the impact of federal policies and regulations on market operations. It also comprises detailed information pertaining to the Nano Gas Sensors markets current dynamics. The global Nano Gas Sensors market acts as a huge platform that offers several opportunities for many reputed firms, organizations, manufacturers, vendors, and suppliers Raytheon Company, Ball Aerospace and Technologies, Thales Group, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Environmental Sensors, Emerson, Siemens, Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, Futek, Dytran, Nemoto, Endress Hauser, Falcon Analytical to compete with each other to become one of the globally and regionally leading business holders.

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For a thorough analysis, The report presents a demand for individual segment in each region. It demonstrates various segments Semiconductor Nano Gas Sensor, Electrochemistry Nano Gas Sensor, Photochemistry (IR Etc) Nano Gas Sensor, Other and sub-segments Electricity Generation, Automobiles, Petrochemical, Aerospace & Defense, Medical, Biochemical Engineering, Other of the global Nano Gas Sensors market. The global Nano Gas Sensors market report delivers all-inclusive study about the business growth enhancers and obstructers, earlier and current trends being followed by the market, and the comparison between the global as well as regional revenue generation by the market. The brief study, about recent technological developments, detailed profiles of the leading firms in the market, and unique model analysis, is included in the report. The global Nano Gas Sensors market report offers a detailed review of micro and macro aspects that are essential for driving the business along with comprehensive value chain analysis.

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Global Nano Gas Sensors Market Insights 2019 Raytheon Company, Ball Aerospace and Technologies, Thales Group - Daily Industry News Journal

Nano-motors of micron-meter size, made of platinum and gold, propel themselves against a flow (big arrows on channel walls) that contains hydrogen peroxide. Random thermal jiggling from the fluid molecules disturbs the motors motion, but the long-gold motors (pullers) still maintains a relatively straight trajectory because its steeper tilt helps it align more easily against the flow and hence move upstream. Credit: Dr. Yan-Peng Liu

Going upstream, and against a current, involves a front-first downward tilt and then moving along a surface, shows new research by a team of scientists, which created nano-motors to uncover this effective means of locomotion under such conditions. Its findings and the creation of these tiny motors offer new insights into the nature of movement in fluids and have implications for engineering.

These nano-motors not only helped us better understand the nature of moving against flows at the tiny scales we cant easily see, but also could be the first step in developing smart material and robotic systems in the microscopic world, says Jun Zhang, a professor of physics and mathematics at New York University and a co-author of the paper, which was published on October 25, 2019, in the journal Physical Review Letters.

While this effect of movement has long been known, our work offers a comprehensive explanation for it, which enhances our understanding of this widespread dynamic, adds co-author Michael Shelley, a professor at NYUs Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.

The researchers, who also included Quentin Brosseau, a postdoctoral fellow at NYUs Courant Institute and the papers first author, focused on a previously discovered phenomenon, rheotaxismovement involving a change of direction to head upstream or into a current.

However, detailed explanations for rheotaxis had been lacking. To fully understand this process, the scientists created nano-motors composed of two metalsplatinum and gold (Pt/Au). Shelley, Zhang, also a professor at NYU Shanghai, and their colleagues had previously created a more basic version of these nano-motors, which are less than the width of a human hair.

Fabricated in the Molecular Design Institute in NYUs Department of Chemistry, the motors described in the Physical Review Letters paper were more advanced; the researchers varied the proportions of these metals in order to vary their movementin some models, the composition was evenly split while others had a 3:1 gold-to-platinum ratio or a 3:1 platinum-to-gold make-up.

Fueled chemically by a hydrogen peroxide dilution when placed in water, the nano-motors could swimwith the platinum end always serving as the head. However, these motors had different tilts, which differed depending on their make-up. Those composed primarily of gold were labeled pullers while those largely made up of platinum were called pushers. The pullers tended to move with their tails up (a pronounced tilt) while the pushers remained relatively flat.

This difference was significant when it came to moving against currents.

When the tilt is large (pullers), the tail is more exposed to an oncoming flow, which catches the tail and turns the motor aroundsimilar to the way wind turns a weather vane. Consequently, the motors front faces the flow, after which the motor continues forward, now moving against the current. By contrast, if the motor is not tilted (pushers), a current cannot catch its tail and spin it around to move against this flowand, as a result, it is unlikely to respond to an oncoming flow.

This synthetic system mimics natural micro-organisms, such as E. coli in flow, and offers a means for predicting their pathways through the human body, observes Brosseau. It is key to understand contamination processes and engineer smart material for targeted drug delivery.

###

Reference: Relating Rheotaxis and Hydrodynamic Actuation using Asymmetric Gold-Platinum Phoretic Rods by Quentin Brosseau, Florencio Balboa Usabiaga, Enkeleida Lushi, Yang Wu, Leif Ristroph, Jun Zhang, Michael Ward and Michael J. Shelley, 25 October 2019, Physical Review Letters.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.178004

The papers other authors included Michael Ward, a professor in NYUs Department of Chemistry, Florencio Balboa Usabiaga of the Flatiron Institute, Enkeleida Lushi of the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Yang Wu, a doctoral candidate in NYUs Department of Chemistry, and Leif Ristroph, an associate professor at NYUs Courant Institute.

This work was supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-1420073) and also by additional NSF grants (DMS-1463962 and DMS-1620331).

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Nano-Motors Find Tilt-Illating Solution to Move Against the Current - SciTechDaily

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 31, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --Doheny and UCLA Stein Eye Institutes proudly welcome Kaustabh Ghosh, PhD, to the scientific faculty as Associate Professor in basic science at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine. Dr. Ghosh is distinguished as an interdisciplinary researcher with expertise in the fields of vascular inflammation, mechanobiology, bioengineering, and nanomedicine.

"I am tremendously proud and honored to begin this position at Doheny-UCLA," says Dr. Ghosh. "I entered the field of biomedical research from an engineering background, which perhaps gave me a new perspective to see things differently. As a biomedical engineer, it allowed me to think about diseases in a way that a typical biomedical researcher and clinician may not."

Dr. Ghosh states that also as a vascular biologist, one such perspective he was able to successfully introduce was the importance of "stiffness" of blood vessels in disease pathogenesis.

"Doheny will be the ideal place for me to realize the true translational potential for my work as it offers strength and resources in ophthalmic imaging," shares Dr. Ghosh. "Doheny also provides the perfect balance between basic science and clinical research."

He adds, "I look forward to developing strong, collaborative relationships with members of Doheny-UCLA engineering, biomedical sciences and clinical infrastructure. Our goal will be to discover effective treatment strategies from a multidisciplinary approach especially in the area of investigating the role of chronic vascular inflammation, a major determinant of various debilitating conditions including macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy."

Dr. Ghosh was most recently Associate Professor of Bioengineering at University of California, Riverside (UCR) as well as Participating Faculty in the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell Center and the Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology. The Ghosh Research Group at UCR focused on leveraging the principles of mechanobiology to examine and treat inflammationmediated vascular degeneration associated with diabetic retinopathy and agerelated macular degeneration, the leading causes of vision loss in the diabetic and aging population. In 2016, these studies were supported by two R01 grants from the National Eye Institute (NEI), and a macular degeneration grant from the BrightFocus Foundation. Dr. Ghosh has received numerous awards during his research career, including the Hellman Fellowship and the NIH Postdoctoral Training Grant, and has published 24 peer-reviewed papers in highly-regarded journals that include PNAS, The FASEB Journal, Science, and Nano Letters, among others.

In 2011, prior to joining UCR, Dr. Ghosh was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Donald Ingber, MD, PhD, part of the Vascular Biology Program at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In 2006, Dr. Ghosh received his PhD in Biomedical Engineering from Stony Brook University, New York. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India in 2001.

Dr. Ghosh's dedication to collaborative research and team building is evident in his numerous and illustrious achievements. His distinguished scientific leadership demonstrates an excellence that will contribute greatly to Doheny Eye Institute's research programs.

About Doheny Eye InstituteFor over 70 years, Doheny Eye Institute has been at the forefront of vision science. From seeking new ways to free blockages that prevent fluid drainage in glaucoma, to replacing retinal cells in age-related macular degeneration, to providing colleagues worldwide with standardized analyses of anatomical changes in the eyes of patients, Doheny clinicianscientists and researchers are changing how people see and also how they think about the future of vision. Please visit doheny.org for more information.

Doheny Eye Institute and UCLA Stein Eye Institute have joined forces to offer the best inpatient care, vision research and education. This affiliation combines the strength, reputation and distinction of two of the nation's top eye institutions to advance vision research, education and patient care in Southern California.

CONTACT INFORMATIONMedia Contact:Matthew RabinDirect: (323) 342-7101Email: mrabin@doheny.org

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Doheny and UCLA Stein Eye Institutes Welcome Kaustabh Ghosh, PhD, to the Scientific and Clinical Research Faculty - P&T Community

Jin Zhang, Chuan-Zhen Ye, Ze-Yu Liu, Qian Yang, Yong Ye

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples Republic of China

Correspondence: Yong YeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples Republic of ChinaTel +86-20-87110234Email yeyong@scut.edu.cn

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a persistent and intractable problem. The sapogenin isolated from the seeds of Camellia oleifera can inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria after structural modification.Purpose: This study aims to improve sapogenins antibacterial activity and avoid bacterial resistance based on nano-preparation with photo responsiveness.Methods: The liposome shell material of carboxymethyl chitosan-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (CMC-PE) was prepared using amidation reaction, and photo-responsive cationic (PCC) liposomes containing Camellia sapogenin derivative (CSD) and photosensitizer pheophorbide-a were prepared by film dispersion method. Encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, zeta potential, particle size distribution, morphology and stability of the PCC liposomes were determined by HPLC, particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Photo-responsive release of CSD in the PCC liposomes was determined by laser (0.5 mW/cm2) at 665 nm. Antibacterial activity of the PCC liposomes with or without irradiation was analyzed by MIC50, MBC, MBIC50, and bacterial morphology to evaluate the antibacterial effects on amoxicillin resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Results: Size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the PCC liposomes were 189.23 2.12 nm, 18.80 1.57 mV, 83.52 1.53% and 2.83 0.05%, respectively. The PCC liposomes had higher storage stability and gastrointestinal stability, and no obvious hemolytic toxicity to rabbit red blood cells and no cytotoxicity after incubation with Hela cells. The photosensitizer pheophorbide-a was uniformly dispersed in the phospholipid layer of the PCC liposomes and increased the CSD release after irradiation. The PCC liposomes could bind to bacteria and impaired their morphology and structure, and had significant bactericidal effect on amoxicillin resistant E. coli and S. aureus.Conclusion: The photo-responsive PCC liposomes are efficient antibacterial agents for avoidance of bacterial resistance against antibiotics.

Keywords: Camellia sapogenin derivative, photo-responsive cationic liposomes, carboxymethyl chitosan, antibacterial effects, antibiotic substitutes

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Preparation And Antibacterial Effects Of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Modifi | IJN - Dove Medical Press

The automobile industry has taken a shift towards developing hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years. A complete shift to EVs might not be happening anytime soon but Japan is on the fast track to make automobile manufacturing more eco-friendly.

Japan has developed a concept car fashioned mostly from wood. Unveiled at the Tokyo Motor Show 2019, the Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) is a car concept developed by a consortium of companies and universities established by the Japanese Ministry Of Environment in 2016. The idea of a wooden car might seem something straight out of The Flintstones but the NCV concept is much more modern.

According to Carscoops, the car is made using Cellulose Nano Fibre (CNF) - a fibre material made from wood, agricultural waste, and other organic materials. CNF is one-fifth the weight of steel but is five times stronger than the most widely used engineering material. The use of CNF in most of the bodywork and part of the tub makes the car half as light as traditional cars.

SEE ALSO: Jaguar Designed An Electric Sportscar Just For Gran Turismo

The goal behind the cars development to be environment-friendly is apparent, as the production process will have the least carbon emissions in the car manufacturing industry. E1izabeth Blackstock of Jalopnik puts the manufacturing process in better words by stating that manufacturing is basically just recycling on a massive scale.

he wooden car really looks the supercar part. The exterior design with butterfly doors and sharp-cut angles look like something youd see on a Lamborghini or Pagani. But he interior has a more traditional Japanese aesthetic, with white kimono-esque seats, a steering wheel covered with the hilt of a katana, an actual wooden dashboard, and a golden flower pattern running throughout.

Although the car might look like its ready to zip through the curves of Autobah, it currently only maxes out at a top speed of 12mph (20kmph) since its powered by hydrogen fuel cells. We can only hope that the NCVs power train in the future would allow for speeds befitting of its supercar semblance.

SEE ALSO: CEO Elon Musk Says Plaid Will Be Faster Than Ludicrous Speed

Image Credit: Kankyosho (Ministry of the Environment, Japan)

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Japanese 'Supercar' Made From Recycled Wood Has A Top Speed Of 20 Kmph - Mashable India

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What pointers are covered in the Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market research study?

The Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market report Elucidated with regards to the regional landscape of the industry:

The geographical reach of the Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market has been meticulously segmented into United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia & India, according to the report.

The research enumerates the consumption market share of every region in minute detail, in conjunction with the production market share and revenue.

Also, the report is inclusive of the growth rate that each region is projected to register over the estimated period.

The Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market report Elucidated with regards to the competitive landscape of the industry:

The competitive expanse of this business has been flawlessly categorized into companies such as

Analog DevicesMicrochip Technology Inc.Sony CorporationMaxim IntegratedAdafruit IndustriesTexas Instruments IncorporatedAsahi Kasei Microdevices Co., .Intersil Americas LLCNational InstrumentsDiligent Inc

Segment by RegionsNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndia

Segment by TypeDisplay ADCDelta-sigma ADCPipelined ADCDual slope ADC

Segment by ApplicationIT and telecommunicationIndustrialConsumer electronicsAutomotive

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The Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market research study conscientiously mentions a separate section that enumerates details with regards to major parameters like the price fads of key raw material and industrial chain analysis, not to mention, details about the suppliers of the raw material. That said, it is pivotal to mention that the Wrist and Hand MRI Equipment market report also expounds an analysis of the industry distribution chain, further advancing on aspects such as important distributors and the customer pool.

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Nano Gps Chip Market to Witness Increased Revenue Growth Owing to Rapid Increase in Demand - Health News Office

Industry and academic leaders convened to discuss the direction of protein engineering for a wide range of applications

REDWOOD CITY, Calif., Oct. 15, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Codexis, Inc. (CDXS), a leading protein engineering company, assembled approximately 150 top scientists in protein engineering to discuss recent progress and future direction in a forum held last week in Palo Alto, Calif. Speakers highlighted recent successes in enzymatic manufacturing, biologics discovery, and agricultural and diagnostic applications, as well as technical progress in library generation, high-throughput screening, and bioinformatics.

Through two days of presentations, panel discussions and networking events, representatives from more than 50 industrial, entrepreneurial, and academic institutions learned about the latest developments in the field and exchanged ideas about future developments.

The keynote address by Nobel Laureate Dr. Frances H. Arnold illuminated the audience on the history of the field and highlighted the promise of protein engineering technology. Invited speakers from industry and academia followed, providing insights from pharmaceutical, chemical, and other bioindustrial manufacturing through single enzyme processes, enzyme cascades, and direct fermentation. Along the way, technology advances in DNA synthesis, genome engineering, nano-liter scale screening, application of in vitro transcription/translation, continuous and cell-free evolution formats, and machine learning and artificial intelligence were presented.

I'm proud of the Codexis team for organizing this groundbreaking forum attended by a Whos Who of protein engineering innovators. Discussions and presentations generated tremendous energy, as well as new ideas and inspiration to expand the impact of proteins in the real world, said John Nicols, Codexis President and CEO.

Gjalt Huisman, Ph.D., Senior Vice President of Strategic Development at Codexis, added, This forum elevated protein engineering toward real world application at a time when successes are finding their way to market faster and more frequently. Cross-functional learning by participants from diverse industries helps everyone advance the use of synthetic biology in their organizations to deliver novel protein-based products that hold enormous prospect to add substantial and unique value.

About Codexis, Inc.

Codexis is a leading protein engineering company that applies its proprietary CodeEvolver technology to develop proteins for a variety of applications, including as biocatalysts for the commercial manufacture of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and industrial enzymes, and enzymes as biotherapeutics and for use in molecular diagnostics. Codexis proven technology enables improvements in protein performance, meeting customer needs for rapid, cost-effective and sustainable manufacturing in multiple commercial-scale implementations of biocatalytic processes. For more information, see http://www.codexis.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

To the extent that statements contained in this press release are not descriptions of historical facts regarding Codexis, they are forward-looking statements reflecting the current beliefs and expectations of management made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including Codexis expectation that increased use of synthetic biology by an organization can help create highly valuable protein-based products and solve significant challenges. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond Codexis control and that could materially affect actual results. Additional information about factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in Codexis Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 1, 2019 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 6, 2019, including under the caption Risk Factors and in Codexis other periodic reports filed with the SEC. Codexis expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

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InvestorsLHA Investor RelationsJody Cain, 310-691-7100 jcain@lhai.com

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Codexis Protein Engineering Forum Highlights Progress and Future Direction of the Field - Yahoo Finance

Its been an exciting few weeks in the world of nanotechnology and lithium-ion batteries. The Royal Swedish Academy of Scienceshas awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2019 to the developers of the lithium-ion battery.

The foundation of lithium-ion battery development waslaid during the oil crisis in the 1970s; however, its importance has grown each decade. Given we are now entering the electric vehicle boom, our dependence on the lithium-ion battery will grow even greater. The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the following 3 Scientists; John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino.

Stanley Whittingham started to research superconductors and discovered an extremely energy-rich material, which he used to create an innovative cathode in a lithium battery. John Goodenoughpredicted that the cathode would have even greater potential if it was made using a metal oxide instead of a metal sulfide and by using Goodenoughs cathode as a basis,Akira Yoshinocreated the first commercially viable lithium-ion battery in 1985.

The 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to the 3 inventors of the lithium-ion battery

Nano One could be the next winner

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Canadas Nano One Materials Corp. (TSXV: NNO) has the potential to make todays lithium-ion battery much better using nanotechnology. Nano One has developed powerful technologies that are fully patented. Nano One uses a scalable industrial process for producing low cost, high performance, battery materials. Now thats a winning formula and means that one day Nano One could potentially also be receiving awards for chemistry.

The Nano One process aims to increase performance and safety while reducing the cost of battery materials for applications in advanced lithium ion batteries used in transportation, grid storage and consumer electronics.

Nano One gets a visit from Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau

You know you are doing something right if the Prime Minister comes to check out your work. Nano One were very excited to receive a personal visit from Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to Nano Ones pilot facility in Burnaby BC.

Prime Minister Trudeau received a tour of the pilot and laboratory facility and watched a demonstration in the process of making cathode materials such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC). He then participated in the assembly of electrodes and separators into lithium ion battery test cells.

The Prime Minister was visiting British Columbia to announce a climate change initiative and a cut in corporate taxes for companies that develop technologies or manufacture products that have zero emissions.

Mr. Dan Blondal CEO of Nano One commented on the visit: It is great to see increased support on climate change initiatives, and Nano One is pleased to have the ongoing support of the Government of Canada.

Nano One receives further support

Nano One has received over $10 million in non-dilutive non-repayable support funding that has been critical in expanding its scientific, engineering and marketing activities as it advances towards commercialization. As well as funding from the Canadian government, Nano One has strategic partnerships with Volkswagen, Pulead Technology and Saint-Gobain.

The news of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2019 having been awarded to the developers of lithium-ion batteries will only bring greater attention to lithium and Nano Ones technology. Ever since they entered the market in 1991, lithium-ion batteries have continued to revolutionize our lives. They have laid the foundation of a wireless, fossil fuel-free society, and are of the greatest benefit to humankind.

Nano Ones patented process for making cathode materials is changing the way the world makes battery materials, addressing waste, cost and performance. The mission is to establish its patented technology as a leading platform for the global production of a new generation of battery materials.

Certainly Nano One looks to be on the winning path with top tier international partners (Saint-Gobain, Pulead, and Volkswagen), potential award winning technology, and backing from the Canadian Government.

Nano One looks to be a winner and still with a market cap of only C$ 81.9 million.

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Nano One looks to be a winner as they work to make a better lithium-ion battery - InvestorIntel

Scientists who studied why the scales of a huge Amazonian fish, which lives piranha-infested waters, are some of the toughest in the world hope their work could help to create armor.

In order to survive in lakes of the Amazon, the arapaima fish has evolved armor-like scales. The creature can grow up to 3 meters long, weigh 200kg and is thought to be the largest freshwater fish in the world, study co-author Wen Yang of the University of California, San Diego, Department of Nanoengineering, told Newsweek.

The outer layer of its scales is mineralized, providing a barrier against potential threats, like the teeth of hungry predators. But ridges and protrusions make the scales flexible, the scientists explained in their paper published in the journal Matter. The surface is bound by collagen to a lower layer featuring what is known as a Bouligand structure.

Resembling a twisting staircase of layers, this shape is also found in the shells of lobsters, beetles and crabs, Yang explained.

To find out more about its hardy exterior, researchers at the University of California, San Diego, and the University of California, Berkeley, performed tests to see how much strain the scales can take.

First, the team soaked crushed arapaima fish scales in water for 48 hours. Next, they put pressure on the centre of the scales, while pulling at the edges. During this process, they noticed that the outer layer enlarged at first, before cracking and peeling away. The structure of the scales appeared to prevent these fractures from spreading.

The scientists concluded the inner and outer layers work together to enable to scales to be lightweight, flexible yet tough. The scales are among the toughest bendy biomaterials on the planet, they said.

Similar mechanisms have been found in the striped bass, however, the arapaima's scales are thicker and more mineralized, providing a useful barrier against piranhas, the authors wrote.

Robert Ritchie, senior author of the study and a professor of materials science and engineering at UC Berkeley, commented in a statement: "A window may appear strong and solid, but it has no give. If something attempted to puncture it, the glass would shatter.

"When nature binds a hard material to a soft material, it grades it, preventing this shattering effect. And in this case, the binding structure is mineralized collagen."

He said the structure of the fish's skin could be copied to create impermeable synthetic armor, although this would be a long way in the future.

Yang explained such resilient materials are a "sexy" topic among scientists in this area.

"If we have such lightweight and tough materials, our aerospace engineering will advance in a huge step," she said.

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This Huge Amazonian Fish That Lives in Piranha-Infested Waters Has Some of the Toughest Scales on the Planet - Newsweek

Fact.MR has recently published a new study titled Aerostructure Equipment MarketForecast, Trend Analysis & Competition Tracking: Global Market Insights 2019 to 2027, which comprehensively discusses the overall development across the global aerostructure equipment market. At present, the international market is driven by increased deliveries of commercial aircraft together with rising count of passengers flying each year. The bolstering status of the commercial aviation industry has been fueling higher opportunities for the global aerostructure equipment market, which is likely to continue until 2027.According to research insights, the global aerostructure equipment market is likely to record growth at over 1.5% CAGR during the forecast period of 2019 2027. The report stresses on the fact that primary trend active across the global market will most probably impact the competitive dynamics, thereby, shifting the manufacturing of aerostructure equipment from potential players to OEMs. Based on the data acquired for the year 2018, numerous highly valued mergers and acquisitions took place in the aerostructure equipment industry as chief vendors took over other small and medium scale vendors to seize a greater portion of the market.Request Sample Report-https://bit.ly/2IvflWjHigher Shares to Be Acquired by Commercial Aircraft and Helicopters

As per the International Air Transport Association, number of passengers transported by airlines is expected to rise more than 6% within the next decade. This significant surge of air travelers would surely require the production of additional aircraft perpetually elevating the demand for aerostructure equipment. According to Boeing, an international designer and manufacturer of rotorcraft and airplanes, the passenger and freighter fleet is anticipated to expand from 21,000 to 40,000 aircraft with the inclusion of 37,000 new airplanes during the stated assessment period. With such firm development figures, it is predicted that the global aerostructure equipment market will experience improved statistics during the period between 2019 and 2027.Expansion of Lightweight Materials Supported by Nanotechnology

It is imperative to know that apart from substantial economic values, the overall aerostructure equipment market associates huge resource consumption with one of the largest carbon footprint over the planet. As a result, the primary drivers persisting across the current aerostructure equipment research and development are focused towards the introduction of lighter structural materials together with efficient engines. Interestingly, potential nanomaterials and nano-engineering is surely strengthening the fulfilment of such goals. To be precise, various nanomaterials are already incorporated for supporting aircraft construction as filler materials that are aimed at enhancing the properties of structural polymers. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is receiving superior traction as fillers in polymers, especially due to its exceptional toughness and distinctive electrical properties. These developments are directly targeted towards the manufacturing of lightweight and durable aerostructure materials that is expected to drive the global aerostructure equipment market in the coming years.Passenger Mobility across Asia Pacific Set to Heighten Market Development

Going by the records collected by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), there were close to 4.1 billion air travelers in 2017, where majority of the traffic was centered in the Asia Pacific region. Air travel is experiencing a major swell up, since people are migrating for better economic prospects; these factors are impacting the global aerostructure equipment market in a positive manner.The report also discourses contribution by major players operating in the global market for aerostructure equipment. Some of the prime manufacturers mentioned in the report are KUKA Systems GmbH, Broetje-Automation GmbH, Electroimpact, Inc., MTorres Diseos Industriales, Gemcor (Ascent Aerospace), REEL, SENER and a lot more.Request Research Methodology-https://bit.ly/2oTMkwF

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Aerostructure Equipment Market To Soar Across Top Countries In The Globe - Online News Guru

Mountains covered in healthy conifer forests are a very deep, dark green; forest green is how we often identify this color. Look to the east or the west, folks, as you drive the I-5 corridor through Shasta. Our forests are a sappy, more yellow-y shade of green, far too light to be healthy. Our trees are dying. Their stomata are shut down and the trees are not respiring due to the high levels of toxins in the air.

Simultaneously, their roots are not up-taking nutrients from high pH (alkaline) soils filled with metals. Most of what looks green right now will be flashed-out dead in 18 months. This is not my opinion. This is a statistical fact.

Where are such heavy particulate air pollution and these toxins in the soil coming from, you ask? We are not near much industry here. Our air is filled with nano particulates from many anthropogenic sources, but most of all from SRM (solar

radiation management) geoengineering programs, as evidenced by the white, spreading trails that criss-cross our skies on many days. SRM and SAG-SRM are classified military programs. NOAA employees and meteorologist are aware of these programs, but do not have first amendment protection to speak about them.

They are, in fact, under an illegal Federal gag order.

These toxic particulates fall out via precipitation into our soil. Tests have revealed high levels of aluminum, strontium, barium, plastic polymers, surfactants, and ice-nucleating chemicals in our air, water, snow and soil. Geoengineering is why we get snow at 40 degrees Fahrenheit, golf ball sized hail and temperature swings of 30 degrees from one day to the next in Northern California. These weather events defy the laws of physics. Does not anyone realize this is in no way natural weather?

Public information reveals 32 states have climate engineering legislation on the books. Most of us are aware of cloud seeding and hurricane modification (Project Cirrus) but fail to connect the dots and recognize the on-going global reality of weather modification that has been going on for decades, right in front of our eyes, right above our heads.

It is time to wake up, people, before everything is dead. We are on the path to omnicide. Climate engineering and the resultant climate collapse are the most urgent issues we face today short of nuclear cataclysm. Wake up! Look up! And by all means do not eat the snow. For more information on geoengineering and solar radiation management, visit geoengineeringwatch.org.

Shannon Noorzad

Mount Shasta

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Letter to the editor: Our trees are dying - Taft Midway Driller

GREENSBORO Farmers, agriculture businesses and investors alike are looking to capitalize on North Carolinas emerging industrial hemp market.

To better support the states agri-business ecosystem, Greensboro-based research and development hub Gateway Research Park wants to gather and communicate the latest insights into all things hemp. As part of their initiative to do so, theyre hosting a conference bringing together leaders in the space to discuss the opportunities and regulatory considerations presented by the industry.

The Piedmont Triad Industrial Hemp Conference, set for October 17 from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., will highlight federal and state agriculture policy, along with insight into industrial hemp growing practices, uses and CBD production. The event also features industry perspectives from growers, processors, biomass testers and legal experts.

Gateway Research Park Executive Director John Merrill says he and his team were inspired to start the conference due to the increasing level of interest in industrial hemp.

Like many people, weve been watching whats been going on in industrial hemp, Merrill says. Its a pretty intriguing crop, given the myriad of uses that you can have for the byproducts that come from it.

In order to understand these uses and opportunities, Gateway reached out to a broad cross-section of leaders from industry, academia and government to share their knowledge on where the industry is headed.

Throughout the day, the audience will hear panels and presentations from speakers representing the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), theNC Industrial Hemp Association, NC A&T State University and NC State University, as well as companies like Asheboro-based Innovative AgriProducts,Growers Hemp, Durham-based Avazyme, Inc.

Hemp policy and regulation will be a major topic for discussion at the conference. Newly enacted federal programs and state spending are providing more support for hemp production in North Carolinas agri-business sector.

In 2017, North Carolina began operating a hemp pilot research program that allowed farmers to receive a license to grow industrial hemp for research purposes. Opportunities were further broadened last December through the passage of the federal 2018 Agriculture Improvement Act (or 2018 Farm Bill), which officially made hemp a legal agricultural commodity. The law allows hemp cultivation not just for research and development, but also for commercial sale and cross-state transport.

With OK from Congress, US hemp market set to boom

After the law was enacted, what weve seen over the last 12-18 months is more dialogue about industrial hemp, more articles in newspapers and social media, and an increasing level of interest in industrial hemp and where it goes from here, Merrill said.

The industrial hemp field has generated a strong response from North Carolina legislators, growers and entrepreneurs, says Garland Burton Jr., principal at Charlotte real estate development firm Liberty Atlantic Group, which is a co-presenter of the conference.

Were starting to see strong interest from financial markets insurers, banks with still moderate development in downstream retail and products markets, Burton adds. And while much of the initial legislative and regulatory focus has naturally been directed upstream, innovation, research and consumer demand continue to create and uncover gaps in various supply chains.

As reported by WRAL last March, North Carolina has 634 licensed farmers and 413 licensed processors growing hemp on around 8,000 acres and 3.4 million square feet of greenhouse space. These figures are a significant increase from just a year ago, which is also reflective of national trendsin 2018 the amount of hemp farming (by acres) increased by more than triple the previous year.

Adding more fuel to this growth, market research from BDS Analytics anticipates that hemp-derived CBD sales will reach $20 billion by 2024, up from $1.9 billion in 2018.

Industrial hemp: North Carolina poised to exploit an old new crop

We have a lot of farmers in the state looking for alternative crops to help them make a living, Merrill says. Given that we are a heavily agricultural state and we have a lot of farms seeking solutions and opportunities, I think we are very well positioned to become a significant factor in the [hemp] industry.

In addition to providing industry insights, Merrill says he hopes the Piedmont Triad Industrial Hemp Conference will also serve as an introduction of Gateway Research Parks resources and services for hemp businesses and research projects.

At our two campuses, we have programs and capabilities to offer folks who might get into the production and growth of industrial hemp, Merrill says. We hope that as the industry continues to grow, those that can take advantage of the resources we provide will remember us and come back and see us.

The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (JSNN), a partnership between NC A&T State University and UNC Greensboro, is based at the Gateway Research Park in Greensboro. (Photo Credit: JSNN)

The park first opened in 2008 and has been operating with tenants for 11 years. Its two campuses offer laboratory space and offices for businesses, university programs and other tenants. The park is also home to the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, a collaboration of UNC-Greensboro and NC Agricultural and Technical (A&T) State University. The JSNN is a co-presenter of the conference.

Burton says that Liberty Atlantic Groupas a partner to the Gateway Research Park in hosting the conferencehopes to showcase Gateways state-of-the-art laboratory, industrial and manufacturing space to this emerging market community.

In addition, we seek to highlight Greensboros excellent community leaders, the favorable business environment, and all of the great amenities that the City of Greensboro has to offer, Burton added.

2019 Piedmont Triad Industrial Hemp Conference

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What's future of industrial hemp in NC? Thought leaders gather to explore possibilities - WRAL Tech Wire

It has long been an unspoken tenet of astrobiology that in the absence of confirmed alien technologies its necessary to imagine some.

This is far from a frivolous pursuit. Rather, it is an attempt to resolve one of the more baffling aspects of human existence, generally summed up as the Fermi Paradox.

In 1950 the famous nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi came up with an interesting point. Given the size and age of the Milky Way, he said, any alien civilisation just a bit cleverer than humanity should by now have had ample time to explore and colonise all of it.

Why, then, with the obvious exception of a couple of dozen befuddled folk in Americas more agricultural states, has no one ever seen evidence thereof?

Scanning the skies for the sounds of extraterrestrial radio broadcasts the basis of the long-running Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project has thus far turned up squat. Other research avenues, at least since Fermis implicit challenge, have focussed on the search for technological evidence.

If ET is out there, the logic runs, she or he or it must have somehow arrived wherever there is, and must be somehow surviving and for those things to happen, some type of whizzbang alien machinery must be involved.

All that has to be done, therefore, is work out a way to detect the tech, which is not easy when the object of any such search is completely unknown.

This has led to some not entirely fanciful imagining. Flying saucers were an early example, although, despite attempts to build them here on Earth, the engineering challenges inherent in the design appear fatal.

Dyson spheres were, and remain, a much stronger candidate. Named after the man who thought of them in 1960, English mathematician and physicist Freeman Dyson, these bits of mega-kit comprise enormous energy-absorbing panels placed around entire stars.

An artists illustration of a Dyson sphere.

Marc Ward/Stocktrek Images

Each sphere, the theory goes, could capture, convert and transmit enough energy to power a far-flung galactic empire. Speculation grew over the past couple of years that an actual alien Dyson sphere had been located.

Such a thing, astronomers suggested in 2015, would explain the eccentric light variations observed in a star classified as KIC 8462852, but better known as Tabbys Star.

The most recent research, sadly for enthusiasts, suggests that the irregular and sudden dimming of KIC 8462852 is most likely caused by a rogue exomoon otherwise known as a ploonet getting in the way.

Hope, however, springs eternal for extraterrestrial tech hunters, and the other best-favoured hypothetical example is known as a von Neumann probe, named after a mathematician called John von Neumann, who came up with the idea.

These hypothetical machines overcome one of the principle objections to Fermis Paradox that it assumes ET would actually want to physically colonise the galaxy. Von Neumann probes allow aliens to explore across vast distances while staying at home.

Essentially, they are self-replicating devices that whizz off and then make copies of themselves, thus rapidly indeed, exponentially increasing in numbers and range.

In terms of Fermis notion, however, von Neumann probes simply kick the can further down the road. The idea might explain why humans have never seen an alien, but fails to explain why it has never seen an alien machine.

Objections to the probe idea come in several forms. The machines would need materials to build their doppelgangers, some researchers note, and there may simply be not enough well-placed asteroids or rocky planets to allow this to happen often enough.

Others cite evolutionary theory. As the probes make copies of codes needed for them to operate, mistakes are bound to occur. Some probes might thus turn into predators, hunting and destroying others, or perhaps at a particular point in time, the accumulated errors render most of them dysfunctional.

Recently, however, the idea has been tweaked, because, well, of course it has.

In a paper lodged on the preprint site arxiv, astrophysicist Zaza Osmanov of the Free University of Tbilisi in Georgia suggests that theorists have been thinking about von Neumann probes at entirely the wrong scale.

Using some very detailed calculations, Osmanov concludes that the probe idea works best if the machines are microscopic about one nanometre long.

At that size, he notes, they would not require the substantial resources of rocky planets to reproduce, but could instead power up using hydrogen atoms whirling around in the interstellar dust. He calculates that this is altogether more efficient and much, much faster, with replications happening in a matter of a few years rather than the rather longer timescales thought necessary for macro-scale machines.

Furthermore, nano von Neumanns would very quickly at least on galactic timescales become very numerous. Osmanov estimates that by the time descendants of an initial population of 100 had travelled one parsec about four light years they would number roughly 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 1 x 1033).

And that sort of mega-swarm, he suggests, might make them visible, if only someone was looking in the right direction. The nano machines, he says, by encountering and collecting protons, would produce luminous emissions.

Each individual emission would be tiny, but collectively they would add up to something observable, given that the mature von Neumann swarm, assuming they are in a level formation and comprise a wave at their leading edge, would collectively have the typical mass of a comet having a length scale of several kilometres.

At least in the infrared part of the spectrum, Osmanov calculates, that constitutes a target worth looking for.

All the aforementioned results indicate that if one detects a strange object with extremely high values of luminosity increment, that might be a good sign to place the object in the list of extraterrestrial Von-Neumann probe candidates, he concludes.

(It is also possible, of course, referencing Douglas Adams Hitchhiker books, that a huge and tightly packed swarm of nano von Neumanns has already swooped down through the atmosphere to take a closer look at Earth, only to be swallowed by a yawning dog.)

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The galaxy might be full of micro-machines - Cosmos

In an effort to make robots more effective and versatile teammates for Soldiers in combat, Army researchers are on a mission to understand the value of the molecular living functionality of muscle, and the fundamental mechanics that would need to be replicated in order to artificially achieve the capabilities arising from the proteins responsible for muscle contraction.

Bionanomotors, like myosins that move along actin networks, are responsible for most methods of motion in all life forms. Thus, the development of artificial nanomotors could be game-changing in the field of robotics research.

Researchers from the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command's Army Research Laboratory have been looking to identify a design that would allow the artificial nanomotor to take advantage of Brownian motion, the property of particles to agitatedly move simply because they are warm.

The CCDC ARL researchers believe understanding and developing these fundamental mechanics are a necessary foundational step toward making informed decisions on the viability of new directions in robotics involving the blending of synthetic biology, robotics, and dynamics and controls engineering.

"By controlling the stiffness of different geometrical features of a simple lever-arm design, we found that we could use Brownian motion to make the nanomotor more capable of reaching desirable positions for creating linear motion," said Dean Culver, a researcher in CCDC ARL's Vehicle Technology Directorate. "This nano-scale feature translates to more energetically efficient actuation at a macro scale, meaning robots that can do more for the warfighter over a longer amount of time."

According to Culver, the descriptions of protein interactions in muscle contraction are typically fairly high-level. More specifically, rather than describing the forces that act on an individual protein to seek its counterpart, prescribed or empirical rate functions that dictate the conditions under which a binding or a release event occurs have been used by the research community to replicate this biomechanical process.

"These widely accepted muscle contraction models are akin to a black-box understanding of a car engine," Culver said. "More gas, more power. It weighs this much and takes up this much space. Combustion is involved. But, you can't design a car engine with that kind of surface-level information. You need to understand how the pistons work, and how finely injection needs to be tuned. That's a component-level understanding of the engine. We dive into the component-level mechanics of the built-up protein system and show the design and control value of living functionality as well as a clearer understanding of design parameters that would be key to synthetically reproducing such living functionality."

Culver stated that the capacity for Brownian motion to kick a tethered particle from a disadvantageous elastic position to an advantageous one, in terms of energy production for a molecular motor, has been illustrated by ARL at a component level, a crucial step in the design of artificial nanomotors that offer the same performance capabilities as biological ones.

"This research adds a key piece of the puzzle for fast, versatile robots that can perform autonomous tactical maneuver and reconnaissance functions," Culver said. "These models will be integral to the design of distributed actuators that are silent, low thermal signature and efficient - features that will make these robots more impactful in the field."

Culver noted that they are silent because the muscles don't make a lot of noise when they actuate, especially compared to motors or servos, cold because the amount of heat generation in a muscle is far less than a comparable motor, and efficient because of the advantages of the distributed chemical energy model and potential escape via Brownian motion.

According to Culver, the breadth of applications for actuators inspired by the biomolecular machines in animal muscles is still unknown, but many of the existing application spaces have clear Army applications such as bio-inspired robotics, nanomachines and energy harvesting.

"Fundamental and exploratory research in this area is therefore a wise investment for our future warfighter capabilities," Culver said.

Moving forward, there are two primary extensions of this research.

"First, we need to better understand how molecules, like the tethered particle discussed in our paper, interact with each other in more complicated environments," Culver said. "In the paper, we see how a tethered particle can usefully harness Brownian motion to benefit the contraction of the muscle overall, but the particle in this first model is in an idealized environment. In our bodies, it's submerged in a fluid carrying many different ions and energy-bearing molecules in solution. That's the last piece of the puzzle for the single-motor, nano-scale models of molecular motors.

The second extension, stated Culver, is to repeat this study with a full 3-D model, paving the way to scaling up to practical designs.

Also notable is the fact that because this research is so young, ARL researchers used this project to establish relationships with other investigators in the academic community.

"Leaning on their expertise will be critical in the years to come, and we've done a great job of reaching out to faculty members and researchers from places like the University of Washington, Duke University and Carnegie Mellon University," Culver said.

According to Culver, taking this research project into the next steps with help from collaborative partners will lead to tremendous capabilities for future Soldiers in combat, a critical requirement considering the nature of the ever-changing battlefield.

Originally posted here:

Army Bio-Inspired Theoretical Research May Make Robots More Effective on the Future Battlefield - I-Connect007

MIT.nano has announced the first recipients of NCSOFT seed grants to foster hardware and software innovations in gaming technology. The grants are part of the new MIT.nano Immersion Lab Gaming program, with inaugural funding provided by video game developer NCSOFT, a founding member of the MIT.nano Consortium.

The newly awarded projects address topics such as 3-D/4-D data interaction and analysis, behavioral learning, fabrication of sensors, light field manipulation, and micro-display optics.

New technologies and new paradigms of gaming will change the way researchers conduct their work by enabling immersive visualization and multi-dimensional interaction, says MIT.nano Associate Director Brian W. Anthony. This years funded projects highlight the wide range of topics that will be enhanced and influenced by augmented and virtual reality.

In addition to the sponsored research funds, each awardee will be given funds specifically to foster a community of collaborative users of MIT.nanos Immersion Lab.

The MIT.nano Immersion Lab is a new, two-story immersive space dedicated to visualization, augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), and the depiction and analysis of spatially related data. Currently being outfitted with equipment and software tools, the facility will be available starting this semester for use by researchers and educators interested in using and creating new experiences, including the seed grant projects.

The five projects to receive NCSOFT seed grants are:

Stefanie Mueller: connecting the virtual and physical world

Virtual game play is often accompanied by a prop a steering wheel, a tennis racket, or some other object the gamer uses in the physical world to create a reaction in the virtual game. Build-it-yourself cardboard kits have expanded access to these props by lowering costs; however, these kits are pre-cut, and thus limited in form and function. What if users could build their own dynamic props that evolve as they progress through the game?

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Professor Stefanie Mueller aims to enhance the users experience by developing a new type of gameplay with tighter virtual-physical connection. In Muellers game, the player unlocks a physical template after completing a virtual challenge, builds a prop from this template, and then, as the game progresses, can unlock new functionalities to that same item. The prop can be expanded upon and take on new meaning, and the user learns new technical skills by building physical prototypes.

Luca Daniel and Micha Feigin-Almon: replicating human movements in virtual characters

Athletes, martial artists, and ballerinas share the ability to move their body in an elegant manner that efficiently converts energy and minimizes injury risk. Professor Luca Daniel, EECS and Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Micha Feigin-Almon, research scientist in mechanical engineering, seek to compare the movements of trained and untrained individuals to learn the limits of the human body with the goal of generating elegant, realistic movement trajectories for virtual reality characters.

In addition to use in gaming software, their research on different movement patterns will predict stresses on joints, which could lead to nervous system models for use by artists and athletes.

Wojciech Matusik: using phase-only holograms

Holographic displays are optimal for use in augmented and virtual reality. However, critical issues show a need for improvement. Out-of-focus objects look unnatural, and complex holograms have to be converted to phase-only or amplitude-only in order to be physically realized. To combat these issues, EECS Professor Wojciech Matusik proposes to adopt machine learning techniques for synthesis of phase-only holograms in an end-to-end fashion. Using a learning-based approach, the holograms could display visually appealing three-dimensional objects.

While this system is specifically designed for varifocal, multifocal, and light field displays, we firmly believe that extending it to work with holographic displays has the greatest potential to revolutionize the future of near-eye displays and provide the best experiences for gaming, says Matusik.

Fox Harrell: teaching socially impactful behavior

Project VISIBLE Virtuality for Immersive Socially Impactful Behavioral Learning Enhancement utilizes virtual reality in an educational setting to teach users how to recognize, cope with, and avoid committing microaggressions. In a virtual environment designed by Comparative Media Studies Professor Fox Harrell, users will encounter micro-insults, followed by major micro-aggression themes. The users physical response drives the narrative of the scenario, so one person can play the game multiple times and reach different conclusions, thus learning the various implications of social behavior.

Juejun Hu: displaying a wider field of view in high resolution

Professor Juejun Hu from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering seeks to develop high-performance, ultra-thin immersive micro-displays for AR/VR applications. These displays, based on metasurface optics, will allow for a large, continuous field of view, on-demand control of optical wavefronts, high-resolution projection, and a compact, flat, lightweight engine. While current commercial waveguide AR/VR systems offer less than 45 degrees of visibility, Hu and his team aim to design a high-quality display with a field of view close to 180 degrees.

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MIT.nano awards inaugural NCSOFT seed grants for gaming technologies - The MIT Tech

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