Bacteria

Bacteria are both the largest group of food pathogens and microorganisms. They may be single-cell organisms, but it is within this group of microorganisms that some of the most deadly food pathogens exist.

“They are very important to the food processor,” Cutter said. Only a few cells are needed to infect a consumer with a major, hospitalizing illness.

There are a variety of different types of bacteria, categorized by shape such as rods or spirals and formation of cell wall such as gram-positive or negative.

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, which is when one cell divides itself into two identical cells. Each cell has this ability, so once bacteria begin growing, they grow exponentially. Some bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium, are able to produce endospores when conditions are inhospitable. These endospores are resistant to heat, drying, and chemicals — waiting until conditions are right before they start growing.

“This division occurs when there’s enough food, enough time, when the cells are happy,” Cutter said. “You need to realize that when these conditions are right, these cells can grow in only a few minutes. Once they take off and start to grow, those two cells become four, become eight, and so forth. We want to do everything we can to control them in the lag stage — the time before they start growing.”

Fungi

Molds are multi-cellular fungal organisms. They propagate by spores transported by air, insects, and animals. The biggest concern for molds in foods is related to spoilage, but molds also produce mycotoxins, toxins that are released by the growth of molds that can sicken consumers.

Yeasts are one-cell fungi that reproduce by budding. They are mainly a problem in causing spoilage, particularly in hot dogs and ham.

Viruses

Viruses are submicroscopic, meaning they are very, very small — smaller than bacteria. They’re also technically not a cellular organism. They’re referred to as acellular in that they contain DNA or RNA inside a protein coat but that does not contain cellular processes. They are parasitic, infecting cells, including one-cell microorganisms.

In slaughter facilities, viruses of most concern are enteric viruses, such as Hepatitis A or Norwalk virus or Rotovirus, which are brought in by humans.

“We do know that these viruses can be transmitted by food,” Cutter said, “most likely from people working in the plant.”

Viruses can be easily controlled by promoted good personal hygiene, such as frequent hand-washing, as well as making sure that no one is allowed to work at the plant if they are ill.

Factors in Pathogen Growth

Because each class of microorganism is different, it should not be surprising that each pathogen has different growth requirements and therefore controlling pathogens is not a one-size-fits-all scenario.

Such factors that influence pathogen growth include:

• Available Nutrients — This would be the living cells that the pathogen is infecting.

• pH Range — Bacteria like a 4.0-8.8 pH, yeast like from 2.0-8.0, and molds like from 1.0-11.0.

• Temperature — Microorganisms that cause spoilage like the environment to be 68-86 degrees F, human pathogens are more likely at 68-113 degrees F, but some food pathogens are able to proliferate in temperatures as low as 32 degrees F up to 113 degrees F.

• Available Oxygen — Some microorganisms require free oxygen, while others like Clostridium need an oxygen-free environment to grow; still, there are some such as Lactobacillus and yeast that can grow with or without oxygen.

• Available Free Moisture — Microorganism growth can be discouraged by dehydrating meats, such as with jerky, but some processing techniques that add sugar actually encourage growth. To give perspective, water in its free-flowing, liquid state represents a free moisture value of 1.0. Raw chicken or tomatoes would have a value of 0.95, cocoa powder at 0.40, and dried milk at 0.20. Bacteria like the environment to rate at 0.90-0.99, yeasts like it to be about 0.87, and molds like it to be 0.70. This is why chemical preservatives such as sodium benzoate in foods is used widespread, and why it’s important to use a sanitizer on surfaces, Cutter said.

Of course, pathogen control is much more complicated than going down a checklist pertaining to each of these factors. “You have to look at each of these factors together, how microbial load, temperature, and time work together or temperature, pH, and water,” Cutter said.

Specific Pathogens 

All food pathogens are important to be aware of, but there are a few — mainly bacteria — that food processors have to pay particular attention to. These are the pathogens that cause the most concern leading to food recalls or national food safety warnings:

• Salmonella — This bacterium causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes arthritis. The infective dose can be as little as 20 cells. Onset of illness is typically 12 to 14 hours after ingestion of the infected meat. Symptoms usually last two or three days, but some people can get a case of reactive arthritis two to three months later. Salmonella is associated with undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, cereal, peanut butter, and produce; it can survive in dry and/or refrigerated foods for prolonged periods of time. This pathogen can grow with or without oxygen and in a wide range of pH, 4.5-9.5, and temperature, from 35-129 degrees F. Salmonella’s primary source of contamination is the intestinal tract of animals, but another source is birds, insects, and contaminated eggs and produce.

• E. coli O157:H7 — This bacterium causes bloody diarrhea and sometimes kidney failure due to hemolytic uremic syndrome. This is an extremely deadly strain of E. coli; in fact, half of all people infected by this pathogen require dialysis. It is associated with undercooked beef, particularly ground meat, contaminated with manure. This pathogen can grow with or without oxygen, and meat needs to be cooked to a high temperature in order to kill the bacteria. It’s important to prevent cross-contamination between manure and the carcass or meat cuts.

• Camphobacter — This bacterium causes bloody diarrhea, fever, and sometimes partial paralysis. It is associated with meat and poultry. This pathogen is very difficult to grow in a laboratory setting, because it requires very low amounts of oxygen and is very sensitive to drying. Contamination sources include rodents and birds, livestock, and water.

• Listeria — This bacterium causes meningitis, septicemia, and abortion. In particular, risk groups are pregnant women and immune-suppressed individuals. It is associated with deli meats, ice cream, and cabbage. It likes environments that are cold and moist, with a low pH, and contamination sources can be any animals, plants, or water. Listeria won’t grow in high-salt situations, such as in brine solutions, but it will still survive, waiting for a more ideal environment. To control this hardy pathogen, it’s important to evaluate transfer points in the facility, as it often enters the plant on the underside of workers’ shoes. It’s also important to control moisture, getting rid of any standing water. And, Cutter said, keep in mind that freezing will not kill this pathogen.

• Spoilage Organisms — While some of these pathogens have the potential to sicken consumers, the bigger concern is that they shorten shelf life. In this category are bacteria such as Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Clostridium; yeasts; and molds.

Meat Processors

The best strategy for controlling pathogen growth is prevention, and the number-one tool in prevention is testing the meat, equipment, and other surfaces around the facility for pathogens, said Bucknavage. There are two types of tests considered standard — one that tests for the presence or the absence of pathogens, and the other that goes for an actual count of pathogens.

Counts, such as the Aerobic Plate or the Fecal Coliform, are better for detecting aerobic pathogens, those requiring oxygen to grow, but are not great at assessing spoilage. Presence/absence analyses, such as ELISA or PCR or PFGE, are better for testing of various locations around the plant; the majority of testing will be done on phones, forklifts, or the slaughter equipment, although random sampling should also be done of food products, surfaces, people, and even air.

“The larger number of samples you take, the greater chance you have to find a pathogen,” Bucknavage said. For example, taking 15 samples versus 60 increases the risk of missing a pathogen by 50 percent.

The purpose of testing is to determine how to move forward with a sanitation plan, Bucknavage said. “We can start to see trends, if counts start to pop up.”

Go here to read the rest:
Microbiology 101

NEW YORK, Feb. 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Future UK Microbiology Testing Market Outlook

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0771119/Future-UK-Microbiology-Testing-Market-Outlook.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

Highlights

Comprehensive 978-page analysis of the UK microbiology testing market. Major issues pertaining to the UK microbiology laboratory practice, as well as key economic, regulatory, demographic, social and technological trends with significant market impact during the next ten years. Current scientific views on the definition, epidemiology, and etiology of major infectious diseases and microorganisms. Ten-year test volume and sales forecasts for nearly 80 microbiology tests performed in UK hospitals, blood banks, public health and commercial laboratories. Instrumentation technologies and feature comparison of leading analyzers. Sales and market shares of leading suppliers. Emerging diagnostic technologies and their potential market applications. Product development opportunities. Profiles of current and emerging suppliers, including their sales, market shares, product portfolios, marketing tactics, technological know-how, new products in R&D, collaborative arrangements and business strategies. Business opportunities and strategic recommendations for suppliers.

Contains 978 pages and 159 tables

IntroductionWorldwide Market and Technology OverviewA. Major Infectious Disease Tests1. AIDSa. Background0 Structure and Composition0 Classification0 Origin of AIDS0 Animal Lentivirus Systems0 Virus Receptos0 HIV Infections in Humans- Pathogenesis & Pathology: Overview ofHIV Infection Course0 CD4T Lymphocytes and Memory Cells0 Monocytes and Macrophages0 Lymphoid Organs0 Neural Cells0 Viral Coinfections- Clinical Findings0 Plasma Viral Load0 Pediatric AIDS- Neurologic Disease- Opportunistic Infections- Cancer0 Immunity- Virus Isolation- Serology- Detection of Viral NucleicAcid and Antigens0 Infectivity0 Epidemiology- Worldwide Spread of AIDS- United States- Routes of Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Laboratory Diagnosis

- Enzyme Immunoassay Interpretation

- Specific, Sensitivity, and Predictive

Value of Enzyme Immunoassays

0 Competition Assays

0 Western Blot Technique

0 Immuno-Fluorescence Assay (IFA)

0 Radioimmunoprecipitation

0 HIV-1/HIV-2 Combination Testing

0 Methods of HIV-Antigen Detection

0 Antigen Assays and Blood Screening

0 Urine Tests

0 Immunopathogenic Mechanism of HIV Infection

0 DNA Probes

- Overview

- Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

- In Situ PCR

- Needed Improvements

0 Viral Load/Drug Resistance Testing

0 Genotype and Phenotype Testing

0 Blood Banking Consideration

c. Vaccines and Drugs

- Antiviral Drugs

- Vaccines Against HIV

0 Transmission of HIV in Blood Products

0 HIV Transmission in Transplant and

Artificial Insemination Recipients

2. Adenovirus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

d. Adeno-Associated Viruses(AAV)

3. Aeromonas

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

4. Anthrax/Bacillus Anthracis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs5. Arbovirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs6. Babesiosisa. Background7. Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis (BEA)And Other Bartonella (Rochalimaea)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs8. Blastocystis Hominisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs9. Brucellaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs10. Campylobactera. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Identification from Culturec. Vaccines and Drugs11. Candidaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs12. Chagas Diseasea. Background13. Chancroida. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs14. Chlamydiaa. Background0 Chlamydia Psittaci

0 Chlamydia Pneumoniae

0 Chlamydia Trachomatis

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

15. Clostridium Difficile

a. Background

0 Pediatric Infections

0 Epidemiology

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

0 Fluorescent-Antibody Assays

0 Poloymerase Chain Reactions

c. Drugs and Vaccines

16. Coronaviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

17. Coxsackieviruses

a. Background

0 Herpangina

0 Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome

0 Hepidemic Conjuctivitis

0 Pharingitis

0 Epidemic Pleurodynia

0 Myodarditis,Pericarditis

0 Overwhelming Infection of the Newborn

0 Acute Aseptic Meningitis

0 Undifferentiated Febrile Illness

0 Fever with upper respiratory infection

0 Encephalitis

0 Asymptomatic Infection

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

18. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease

a. Background

0 Blood Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Major Commercial and Academic Players

- Bayer

- Disease Sciences/Bio Tec Global- Imperial College of Medicine- Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics- Pall- ProMetic Life Sciences- Proteome Sciences/Idexx- Q-One Biotech- Serono- U.S. Agricultural Research Servicec. Vaccines19. Cryptosporidium Parvuma. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Histologic0 Laboratory Parasitology0 Serodiagnosisc. Vaccines and Drugs20. Cyclospora Cayetanensisa. Background0 Asymptomatic Infection0 Diarrhea in Immunocompetent Persons0 Diarrhea in Immunocompromisedersonsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs21. Cytomegalovirusa. Background0 Chorioretinitis0 Gastrointestinal0 Central Nervous System Diseaseb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs22. Ebola Virusa. Background0 Epidemiology0 Hemorrhagic Feverb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs23. E. Colia. Background

0 Role of Escherichia Coli in

Causing Diarrhea

0 EPEC

0 ETEC

0 EIEC

0 EHEC

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

24. EchoVirus

a. Background

0 Acute Aseptic Miningitisis

0 Encephalitis

0 Exanthems

0 Respiratory Disease

0 Myope;ricarditis

0 Neonatal Infections

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

25. Encephalitis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

26. Enteroviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Viral Isolation and Identification

0 Antibody Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

27. Epstein-Barr Virus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

28. Giardia Lamblia

a. Background

0 Life Cycle and Morphology

0 Morphology of Trophozoites

0 Clinical Disease

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

29. Gonorrheaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs30. Granuloma Inguinalea. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs31. Hantavirusa. Background0 Identification of the Agent0 Transmission0 Other Rodent Hantaviruses0 Distribution0 Hantavirus Diseases0 Epidemiology0 Addendum in Proof-Northeastern Connection0 Previously Unknown Pathogens0 Cases Nationwideb. Diagnostic Tests0 An Immunohistochemistry Approach0 Hantavirus Rapid Diagnostic Test0 ELISA Diagnosis of Hantavirus PulmonarySyndrome0 IgG ELISA0 IgM Capture ELISAc. Vaccines and Drugs32. Helicobacter Pyloria. Background0 Pathogenesis0 Role in Peptic Ulcer Disease0 Role in Gastric Cancer0 Nonulcer Dyspepsiab. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Specific Therapeutic Regimens0 Who Should Be Treated?0 Participants in Controlled Clinical Trials

0 Patients with Refractory Peptic Ulcer

0 Patients with Refractory NUD

0 Patients in High-Risk Groups for Gastric

Cancer

33. Hepatitis

a. Background

b. Hepatitis A

c. Hepatitis B

d. Hepatitis C

0 Classification

0 Transmission of Infection

0 Occupational Hazards

0 Acute Hepatitis

0 Diagnosis of Acute Infection

0 Chronic Hepatitis

0 HCV and Other Chronic Liver Diseases

0 Alcoholic Liver Disease

0 Hepatitis B Coinfection

0 Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

0 Diagnostic Tests

0 Possible Indications for HCV RNA Testing

0 Conclusions and Future Direction

e. Hepatitis D

0 Historical Perspective

0 Epidemiology

0 HBV-HDV "Coinfection" vs. "Superinfection"

0 Methods of Detecting HDV

0 Prevention

f. Hepatitis E

0 Background

0 Prevalence of the Disease

0 Diagnostic Tests

0 Epidemiologic Serosurveys

0 Serologic Cross-Reactivity

g. Hepatitis G

0 Vaccines and Drugs

34. Herpes Simplex Virus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

35. Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6)a. Background0 HIV-6 Infectionsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs36. Influenza Virusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs37. Legionellaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs38. Lyme Diseasea. Background0 Clinical Description0 Clinical Case Definition0 Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosis0 Case Classificationb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs39. Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs40. Malariaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Potential Diagnositic Problems with PositivePatients from Non-endemic Areas- Patient- Laboratory- Physicianc. Vaccines and Drugs41. Measles (Rubeola)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

42. Meningitis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Development of Polysaccharide Vaccines

0 Quadrivalent Vaccine Development

0 Meningococcal A.C.Y. & W-135 Vaccines

0 Efficacy of Group C Vaccine

0 Efficacy of Group A Vaccine

0 Combinations of Group A and C Vaccines

0 Group B Efficacy Trials

0 Future Direction

43. Microsporidium

a. Background

0 Prevalence and Geographic Distribution

0 Sources of Human Infection and Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Light Microscopic Examination of Stool

Specimens By Chromotrope Staining

0 Stool Concentration Methods

0 Chemofluorescent Agents

0 Giemsa Staining of Stool Specimens

0 Cytologic Diagnosis

0 Histologic Examination

0 Electron Microscopy

0 Examination of Bodily Fluids

0 Examination of Tissue Sections

0 Immunofluorescence Detection Procedures

0 Serology

0 Cell Culture

0 Approach to Diagnosis

0 Evaluation of Patients with Presumptive

Intestinal Microsporidiosis

0 Evaluation of Patients with Presumptive

Ocular Microsporidiosis

c. Vaccines and Drugs

44. Mononucleosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

45. Mumpsa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Efficacy of Vaccination0 Future Issues46. Mycoplasmaa. Background0 Ureaplasma Urealyticum & Mycoplasma Hominisb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs47. Papillomavirusesa. Background0 HPV in Cancer0 Cervical Neoplasmb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Prevention48. Parvovirus B19a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs49. Pneumoniaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs50. Polyomavirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs51. Pseudomonas Aeruginosaa. Background0 Virulence Factorsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs52. Rabiesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

53. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

54. RhinoViruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

55. RotaVirus (REOVIRUS)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

56. Rubella(MEASLES)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Developing Countries

0 Elimination and Eradication of Measles

0 New Developments

57. Salmonellosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

58. Septicemia

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

59. Shigellosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

60. Staphylococcus Aureus

a. Background

0 The Genus Taphylococcus

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Prevention

61. Streptococci

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs0 Group A Streptococci0 Group B Streptococci62. Syphilisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Biopsy0 Rabbit Infectivity Testing0 Other Diagnostic Modalitiesc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Syphilis and HIV Infection0 Syphilis As a Cofactor for HIV Transmission0 Basic Science Issues63. Toxoplasmosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs64. Trichomonas Vaginalisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs65. Tuberculosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Microscopic Characteristics0 Cultural Characteristics0 Detection of Antibodies0 Skin Tests0 MDRTBc. Vaccines and Drugs66. Vibrioa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs67. West Nile Virusa. Background- Clinical Syndromesb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

68. Yersina

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

B. Instrumentation Review and Market Needs

0 Abbott AxSYM

0 Abbott IMx/IMx Select

0 Anagen AN2000/AuraFlex

0 Beckman Coulter Access

0 BioChem Pharma/SR1

0 BioMerieux/Vitek Vidas

0 Biotrol System 7000

0 Chiron ACS: Centaur

0 Chiron ACS: 180

0 J&J Diagnostics/Amersham Amerlite

0 J&J Diagnostics Vitros ECi

0 Olympus PK310

0 Roche Cobas Core

0 Roche Elecsys 1010/2010

0 Roche ES 22

0 Roche ES 33

0 Roche ES 300/300AL

0 Siemens ELISA Processor II/III

0 Siemens Immuno 1

0 Siemens/Opus/Plus/Magnum

0 Siemens Stratus

0 Tosoh AIA-1200/1200DX/NexIA/600

0 Wallac/Pharmacia Delfia

C. Emerging Diagnostic Technologies

1. DNA Probes

a. Technology Overview

b. Amplification Methods

0 Polymerase Chain Reaction

- Robotics

- Temperature Cyclers

- PCR Variations

0 Immuno-PCR

0 QC-PCR

0 DAP-PCR

0 Ligase Chain Reaction0 Branched DNA0 Q-Beta Replicase0 Nucleic-Acid Sequence-Based0 Strand Displacement Activation0 Self-Sustained Sequence Replicase2. Monoclonal Antibodies3. Immunoassaysa. Technological Principleb. Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)0 Overview0 ELISA0 Dot Immunobinding Assays0 Capillary Immunoassays0 Particle-Membrane CaptureImmunoassays0 Enzyme Amplificationc. Fluorescent Immunoassays0 Fluorescence Polarization0 Time-Resolved Pulse Fluorescenced. Luminescence0 Chemiluminescence0 Bioluminescencee. Latex Agglutinationf. Immunoprecipitation4. Differential Light Scattering5. Microcomputers and Automation6. Artificial Intelligence7. Liposomes8. Flow Cytometry9. Chromatography10. MRI11. Gel Microdroplets12. OtherD. Personal TestingE. Worldwide Business EnvironmentF. Worldwide Market StructureG. Worldwide Market Size and Growth

U.K.

A. Executive Summary

B. Business Environment

C. Market Structure

D. Market Size, Growth and Major Suppliers

Major Product Development Opportunities

A. Instrumentation

B. Reagent Kits and Test Systems/Panels

C. Computers, Software and Automation

D. Auxiliary Products

Design Criteria for Decentralized Testing Products

Alternative Market Penetration Strategies

A. Internal Development

B. Collaborative Arrangements

C. University Contracts

D. Distribution Strategies for Decentralized

Testing Markets

1. Marketing Approaches

2. Product Complexity

3. Customer Preference

4. Established Suppliers

5. Emerging Suppliers

6. Major Types of Distributors

7. Market Segmentation

Potential Market Entry Barriers and Risks

A. Market Maturity

B. Cost Containment

C. Competition

D. Technological Edge and Limitations

E. Patent Protection

F. Regulatory Constraints

G. Decentralized Testing Market Challenges

Competitive Assessments- Abbott- Affymetrix- Beckman Coulter- Becton Dickinson- bioMerieux- Bio-Rad- Cepheid- Diamedix- DiaSorin- Eiken Chemical- Enzo Biochem- Fujirebio- Gen-Probe- Hologic- ID Biomedical- J&J Diagnostics- Kreatech- Life Technology- Lonza- Nanogen- Novartis Diagnostics- Qiagen- Roche- Scienion- Sequenom- SeraCare- Siemens- Takara Bio- Thermo Fisher- Wallac- Wako

List of Tables

Major Companies Developing or Marketing AIDS Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Adenovirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Bartonella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing

Campylobacter Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Candida

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Chlamydia

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Clostridium

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Coronavirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Cryptosporidium

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing CMV Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Echovirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Enterovirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing EBV Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing GiardiaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing GonorrheaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing HantavirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing HelicobacterPylori TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing HepatitisTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing HerpesTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing InfluenzaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing LegionellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing Lyme DiseaseTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing LymphogranulomaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing MalariaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing MeaslesTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing MeningitisTests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Microsporidium

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing

Mononucleosis Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Mumps Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Mycoplasma

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Papilloma

Virus Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Parvovirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Pneumonia

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing RSV Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Rotavirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Rubella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Salmonella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Septicemia

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Shigella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Staphylococci

Tests

Major Companies Developing or MarketingStreptococci TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing SyphilisTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ToxoplasmosisTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing TrichomonasTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing TuberculosisTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing West NileTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing Yersinia TestsWorldwide All Market Segments LaboratoriesPerforming Microbiology Tests by CountryWorldwide All Market Segments Total Microbiology TestVolume Forecast by CountryWorldwide All Market Segments Total MicrobiologyDiagnostics Market Forecast by CountryInfectious Disease Tests Major Issues and MarketPotential For Personal TestingU.K. Summary TableAll Infectious Diseases Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.Laboratories Performing Infectious Disease Testsby Market Segment

U.K.

Hospital Laboratories Performing Infectious Disease

Tests by Bed Size

U.K.

Commercial/Private Laboratories Performing Infectious

Disease Tests by Annual Test Volume

U.K.

All Market Segments Infectious Disease Test Volume Forecast

U.K.

Hospital Laboratories Infectious Disease Test Volume Forecast

U.K.

Blood Banks Infectious Disease Test Volume Forecast

U.K.

Public Health Laboratories Infectious Disease Test

Volume Forecast

U.K.

Commercial/Private Laboratories Infectious Disease

Test Volume Forecast

U.K.

All Market Segments Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Market Forecast

U.K.

Hospital Laboratories Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Market Forecast

U.K.

Blood Banks Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.K.

Public Health Laboratories Infectious Disease

Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.K.Commercial/Private Laboratories Infectious DiseaseDiagnostics Market ForecastU.K.HIV or HIVI/HIVII Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market SegmentU.K.HTLV I or HTLV I/HTLV II Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.HIVAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Western Blot/Other Confirmatory Test Volume andDiagnostics Sales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.AdenovirusTest Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.AeromonadsTest Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.BEATest Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Blastocystis Hominis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Campylobacter

Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Candida

Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Chancroid

Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Chlamydia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Clostridium Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Coronavirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

CoxsackieVirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Cryptosporidium Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Cyclospora Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.CMV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.E. Coli Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Echovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Encephalitis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Enterovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarketSegmentU.K.EBV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Giardia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Gonorrhea Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Granuloma Inguinale Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market SegmentU.K.Helicobacter Pylori Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market Segment

U.K.

HAV NAT Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

HBV NAT Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

HbsAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Hepatitis C Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Anti-HBc Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Anti-HBs Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Anti-HAV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Hepatitis Delta Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

HBcAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.HBeAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Herpes Simplex I and II Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.Herpes Type VI Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.HTLV-I/II Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.K.Influenza Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Legionella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Lyme Disease Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Lymphogranuloma Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Malaria Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Measles Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegment

U.K.

Meningitis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Microsporidium Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Mononucleosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Mumps Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.K.

Mycoplasma Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Papilloma Virus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Parvovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Pneumonia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Polyomaviruses Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.K.

Pseudomonas Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.Rabies Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.RSV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Rhinovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Rotavirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Rubella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.K.Salmonella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Septicemia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Shigella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Staphylococci Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.K.Streptococci Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket Segment

U.K.

Syphilis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Toxoplasmosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Trichomonas Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Tuberculosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.K.

Vibrio Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast

by Market Segment

U.K.

West Nile Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast

by Market Segment

U.K.

Yersinia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast

by Market Segment

U.K.

AIDS Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.K.

Campylobacter Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.K.Candida Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.K.Gonorrhea Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.K.Hepatitis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.K.Hepatitis C Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.K.Influenza Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.K.Mycoplasma Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.K.Pneumonia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.K.RSV Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major SupplierU.K.Rubella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.K.Septicemia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplier

U.K.

Shigella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.K.

Streptococci Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.K.

Syphilis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.K.

Tuberculosis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.K.

Infectious Disease Diagnostic Testing Instrumentation

Major Systems Estimated Placements and Installed Base

To order this report:In Vitro Diagnostic Industry: Future UK Microbiology Testing Market Outlook

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Future UK Microbiology Testing Market Outlook

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/d22d0e/south_africa_in_vi) has announced the addition of GlobalData 's new report "South Africa In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017- Clinical Chemistry Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology and Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture" to their offering.

GlobalData's new report, South Africa In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017- Clinical Chemistry Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology and Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture provides key market data on the South Africa In Vitro Diagnostics market. The report provides value (USD million) data for each segment and sub-segment within seven market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture. The report also provides company shares and distribution shares data for each of the aforementioned market categories. The report is supplemented with global corporate-level profiles of the key market participants with information on company financials and pipeline products, wherever available.

This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research and in-house analysis by GlobalData's team of industry experts.

Scope:

Market size and company share data for In Vitro Diagnostics market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture. Annualized market revenues (USD million) data for each of the segments and sub-segments within seven market categories. Data from 2003 to 2010, forecast forward for 7 years to 2017. 2010 company shares and distribution shares data for each of the seven market categories. Global corporate-level profiles of key companies operating within the market.

Reasons to Buy:

Develop business strategies by identifying the key market categories and segments poised for strong growth. Develop market-entry and market expansion strategies. Design competition strategies by identifying who-stands-where in the South Africa In Vitro Diagnostics competitive landscape. Develop capital investment strategies by identifying the key market segments expected to register strong growth in the near future. What are the key distribution channels and what's the most preferred mode of product distribution? Identify, understand and capitalize.

Companies Mentioned:

Abbott Laboratories Alere Inc. Ani Labsystems Ltd Oy Beckman Coulter, Inc. Becton, Dickinson and Company bioMerieux S.A. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Chembio Diagnostic, Inc. DIAGNOSTICA STAGO, Inc. DiaSorin S.p.A F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Gen-Probe Incorporated Grifols, S.A. HORIBA, Ltd. Hologic, Inc. Immucor, Inc. Life Technologies Corporation Mindray Medical International Limited Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Inc. PerkinElmer, Inc. Phadia AB Qiagen N.V. Siemens Healthcare Sysmex Corporation Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/d22d0e/south_africa_in_vi

Original post:
Research and Markets: South Africa In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017

NEW YORK, Feb. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Leading Microbiology Market Players: Insightful Profiles of Major Suppliers and Emerging Market Entrants

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0771112/Leading-Microbiology-Market-Players-Insightful-Profiles-of-Major-Suppliers-and-Emerging-Market-Entrants.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

This report presents strategic assessments of leading market players and emerging suppliers with innovative technologies and products in terms of their sales, product portfolios, distribution tactics, technological know-how, new products in R&D, collaborative arrangements, and business strategies.

Contains 90 pages

Table of Contents- Abbott

- Affymetrix

- Beckman Coulter/Danaher

- Becton Dickinson

- bioMerieux

- Bio-Rad

- Cepheid

- Diamedix

- DiaSorin

- Eiken Chemical

- Enzo Biochem

- Fujirebio

- Gen-Probe

- Hologic

- ID Biomedical

- Innogenetics/Solvay

- Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics

- Kreatech

- Life Technology

- Lonza

- Nanogen/Elitech

- Novartis Diagnostics

- Qiagen

- Roche

- Scienion

- Sequenom

- SeraCare

- Siemens

- Takara Bio

- Thermo Fisher

- Wallac

- Wako

To order this report:In Vitro Diagnostic Industry: Leading Microbiology Market Players: Insightful Profiles of Major Suppliers and Emerging Market Entrants

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Market Research Report

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Industry Analysis and Insights

CONTACT
Nicolas Bombourg
Reportlinker
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US: (805)652-2626
Intl: +1 805-652-2626

Visit link:
Leading Microbiology Market Players: Insightful Profiles of Major Suppliers and Emerging Market Entrants

Public release date: 14-Feb-2012
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Contact: Jim Sliwa
jsliwa@asmusa.org
202-942-9297
American Society for Microbiology

The models used to understand how Earth's climate works include thousands of different variables from many scientific including atmospherics, oceanography, seismology, geology, physics and chemistry, but few take into consideration the vast effect that microbes have on climate. Now, a new report from the American Academy of Microbiology, "Incorporating Microbial Processes into Climate Models", offers a plan for integrating the latest understanding of the science of microbiology into climate models.

"Climate scientists and microbiologists usually work in isolation from each other, and yet their work is intimately connected. Microbes are critical players in every geochemical cycle relevant to climate. The sum total of microbial activity is enormous, but the net effect of microbes on climate-relevant gases is currently not known," says Edward DeLong of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who co-chaired the report with Caroline Harwood of the University of Washington.

The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in scientific recognition of the diversity of the microbial world. New DNA-sequencing technologies spurred by the Human Genome Project have made it technically and economically possible to sequence the collective DNA from whole microbial communities. This approach, called metagenomics, has revealed a previously undreamed-of degree of diversity in the microbial world. These microbial community analyses many "'omics" approaches, such as proteomics and metabolomics, that together provide a detailed picture of community function, potential and change over time.

The report is based on a colloquium convened by the Academy in 2011. Experts in diverse disciplines in microbiology as well as computational and climate modeling participated in the meeting designed to identify specific efforts and activities that will lead to improved integration of microbial biology, biogeochemistry, and climate modeling.

"While the gap between these disciplines is daunting, the need to bridge it is urgent and the science and technology needed to begin to do so is within reach," says Harwood.

The report suggests a multipronged approach, breaking the challenge into manageable parts. The first recommendation is to choose a few specific biogeochemical cycles that are important, microbially driven and tractable to serve as demonstration projects. Specifically, the report identifies methane, carbon storage and nitrous oxide.

Other recommendations include:

Assess current data collection methodologies and develop a monitoring/data collection strategy Implement validation processes to integrate data collection, modeling and experimentation Facilitate and provide incentives for collaborations and interdisciplinary training Address technology needs

"There is clear evidence that microbes can have an enormous impact on climate.. In light of the increasingly urgent need to understand and find ways to mitigate climate change, the centrality of microbes in global biogeochemical cycles, can no longer be ignored," says DeLong.

###

A full copy of the report and more detailed recommendations can be found on the Academy website at http://bit.ly/aamclimate.

The American Academy of Microbiology is the honorific leadership group of the American Society for Microbiology. The mission of the Academy is to recognize scientific excellence, as well as foster knowledge and understanding in the microbiological sciences. A full list of Academy colloquia reports can be found at http://academy.asm.org/colloquia. For more information about the American Society for Microbiology, visit http://www.asm.org.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

The rest is here:
Report seeks to integrate microbes into climate models

NEW YORK, Feb. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Emerging Microbiology Tests and Companies Developing New Technologies and Products

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0771110/Emerging-Microbiology-Tests-and-Companies-Developing-New-Technologies-and-Products.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

This 650-page report provides a comprehensive marketing and technological assessment, as well as medical rationale and diagnostic prospects for nearly 80 infectious diseases and viruses, including their scientific background, clinical significance and market needs for both current and emerging tests, vaccines, drugs and extensive listings of companies developing or marketing new technologies and products.

Contains 650 pages and 47 tables

Table of Contents

1. AIDS

a. Background

0 Structure and Composition

0 Classification

0 Origin of AIDS

0 Animal Lentivirus Systems

0 Virus Receptos

0 HIV Infections in Humans

- Pathogenesis & Pathology: Overview of

HIV Infection Course

0 CD4T Lymphocytes and Memory Cells

0 Monocytes and Macrophages

0 Lymphoid Organs

0 Neural Cells

0 Viral Coinfections

- Clinical Findings

0 Plasma Viral Load

0 Pediatric AIDS

- Neurologic Disease

- Opportunistic Infections

- Cancer

0 Immunity

- Virus Isolation

- Serology

- Detection of Viral Nucleic

Acid and Antigens

0 Infectivity

0 Epidemiology

- Worldwide Spread of AIDS

- United States

- Routes of Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests0 Laboratory Diagnosis- Enzyme Immunoassay Interpretation- Specific, Sensitivity, and PredictiveValue of Enzyme Immunoassays0 Competition Assays0 Western Blot Technique0 Immuno-Fluorescence Assay (IFA)0 Radioimmunoprecipitation0 HIV-1/HIV-2 Combination Testing0 Methods of HIV-Antigen Detection0 Antigen Assays and Blood Screening0 Urine Tests0 Immunopathogenic Mechanism of HIV Infection0 DNA Probes- Overview- Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction- In Situ PCR- Needed Improvements0 Viral Load/Drug Resistance Testing0 Genotype and Phenotype Testing0 Blood Banking Considerationc. Vaccines and Drugs- Antiviral Drugs- Vaccines Against HIV0 Transmission of HIV in Blood Products0 HIV Transmission in Transplant andArtificial Insemination Recipients2. Adenovirusa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugsd. Adeno-Associated Viruses(AAV)3. Aeromonasa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs4. Anthrax/Bacillus Anthracisa. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

5. Arboviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

6. Babesiosis

a. Background

7. Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis (BEA)

And Other Bartonella (Rochalimaea)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

8. Blastocystis Hominis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

9. Brucella

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

10. Campylobacter

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Identification from Culture

c. Vaccines and Drugs

11. Candida

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

12. Chagas Disease

a. Background

13. Chancroid

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

14. Chlamydia

a. Background

0 Chlamydia Psittaci

0 Chlamydia Pneumoniae0 Chlamydia Trachomatisb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs15. Clostridium Difficilea. Background0 Pediatric Infections0 Epidemiologyb. Diagnostic Tests0 Counterimmunoelectrophoresis0 Fluorescent-Antibody Assays0 Poloymerase Chain Reactionsc. Drugs and Vaccines16. Coronavirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs17. Coxsackievirusesa. Background0 Herpangina0 Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome0 Hepidemic Conjuctivitis0 Pharingitis0 Epidemic Pleurodynia0 Myodarditis,Pericarditis0 Overwhelming Infection of the Newborn0 Acute Aseptic Meningitis0 Undifferentiated Febrile Illness0 Fever with upper respiratory infection0 Encephalitis0 Asymptomatic Infectionb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs18. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Diseasea. Background0 Blood Transmissionb. Diagnostic Tests0 Major Commercial and Academic Players- Bayer

- Disease Sciences/Bio Tec Global

- Imperial College of Medicine

- Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics

- Pall

- ProMetic Life Sciences

- Proteome Sciences/Idexx

- Q-One Biotech

- Serono

- U.S. Agricultural Research Service

c. Vaccines

19. Cryptosporidium Parvum

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Histologic

0 Laboratory Parasitology

0 Serodiagnosis

c. Vaccines and Drugs

20. Cyclospora Cayetanensis

a. Background

0 Asymptomatic Infection

0 Diarrhea in Immunocompetent Persons

0 Diarrhea in Immunocompromisedersons

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

21. Cytomegalovirus

a. Background

0 Chorioretinitis

0 Gastrointestinal

0 Central Nervous System Disease

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

22. Ebola Virus

a. Background

0 Epidemiology

0 Hemorrhagic Fever

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

23. E. Coli

a. Background

0 Role of Escherichia Coli inCausing Diarrhea0 EPEC0 ETEC0 EIEC0 EHECb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs24. EchoVirusa. Background0 Acute Aseptic Miningitisis0 Encephalitis0 Exanthems0 Respiratory Disease0 Myope;ricarditis0 Neonatal Infectionsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs25. Encephalitisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs26. Enterovirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Viral Isolation and Identification0 Antibody Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs27. Epstein-Barr Virusa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs28. Giardia Lambliaa. Background0 Life Cycle and Morphology0 Morphology of Trophozoites0 Clinical Diseaseb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

29. Gonorrhea

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

30. Granuloma Inguinale

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

31. Hantavirus

a. Background

0 Identification of the Agent

0 Transmission

0 Other Rodent Hantaviruses

0 Distribution

0 Hantavirus Diseases

0 Epidemiology

0 Addendum in Proof-Northeastern Connection

0 Previously Unknown Pathogens

0 Cases Nationwide

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 An Immunohistochemistry Approach

0 Hantavirus Rapid Diagnostic Test

0 ELISA Diagnosis of Hantavirus Pulmonary

Syndrome

0 IgG ELISA

0 IgM Capture ELISA

c. Vaccines and Drugs

32. Helicobacter Pylori

a. Background

0 Pathogenesis

0 Role in Peptic Ulcer Disease

0 Role in Gastric Cancer

0 Nonulcer Dyspepsia

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Specific Therapeutic Regimens

0 Who Should Be Treated?

0 Participants in Controlled Clinical Trials

0 Patients with Refractory Peptic Ulcer0 Patients with Refractory NUD0 Patients in High-Risk Groups for GastricCancer33. Hepatitisa. Backgroundb. Hepatitis Ac. Hepatitis Bd. Hepatitis C0 Classification0 Transmission of Infection0 Occupational Hazards0 Acute Hepatitis0 Diagnosis of Acute Infection0 Chronic Hepatitis0 HCV and Other Chronic Liver Diseases0 Alcoholic Liver Disease0 Hepatitis B Coinfection0 Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma0 Diagnostic Tests0 Possible Indications for HCV RNA Testing0 Conclusions and Future Directione. Hepatitis D0 Historical Perspective0 Epidemiology0 HBV-HDV "Coinfection" vs. "Superinfection"0 Methods of Detecting HDV0 Preventionf. Hepatitis E0 Background0 Prevalence of the Disease0 Diagnostic Tests0 Epidemiologic Serosurveys0 Serologic Cross-Reactivityg. Hepatitis G0 Vaccines and Drugs34. Herpes Simplex Virusa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

35. Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6)

a. Background

0 HIV-6 Infections

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

36. Influenza Viruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

37. Legionella

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

38. Lyme Disease

a. Background

0 Clinical Description

0 Clinical Case Definition

0 Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosis

0 Case Classification

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

39. Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

40. Malaria

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Potential Diagnositic Problems with Positive

Patients from Non-endemic Areas

- Patient

- Laboratory

- Physician

c. Vaccines and Drugs

41. Measles (Rubeola)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

42. Meningitisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Development of Polysaccharide Vaccines0 Quadrivalent Vaccine Development0 Meningococcal A.C.Y. & W-135 Vaccines0 Efficacy of Group C Vaccine0 Efficacy of Group A Vaccine0 Combinations of Group A and C Vaccines0 Group B Efficacy Trials0 Future Direction43. Microsporidiuma. Background0 Prevalence and Geographic Distribution0 Sources of Human Infection and Transmissionb. Diagnostic Tests0 Light Microscopic Examination of StoolSpecimens By Chromotrope Staining0 Stool Concentration Methods0 Chemofluorescent Agents0 Giemsa Staining of Stool Specimens0 Cytologic Diagnosis0 Histologic Examination0 Electron Microscopy0 Examination of Bodily Fluids0 Examination of Tissue Sections0 Immunofluorescence Detection Procedures0 Serology0 Cell Culture0 Approach to Diagnosis0 Evaluation of Patients with PresumptiveIntestinal Microsporidiosis0 Evaluation of Patients with PresumptiveOcular Microsporidiosisc. Vaccines and Drugs44. Mononucleosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

45. Mumps

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Efficacy of Vaccination

0 Future Issues

46. Mycoplasma

a. Background

0 Ureaplasma Urealyticum & Mycoplasma Hominis

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

47. Papillomaviruses

a. Background

0 HPV in Cancer

0 Cervical Neoplasm

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Prevention

48. Parvovirus B19

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

49. Pneumonia

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

50. Polyomaviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

51. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

a. Background

0 Virulence Factors

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

52. Rabies

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

53. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs54. RhinoVirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs55. RotaVirus (REOVIRUS)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs56. Rubella(MEASLES)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Developing Countries0 Elimination and Eradication of Measles0 New Developments57. Salmonellosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs58. Septicemiaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs59. Shigellosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs60. Staphylococcus Aureusa. Background0 The Genus Taphylococcusb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Prevention61. Streptococcia. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Group A Streptococci

0 Group B Streptococci

62. Syphilis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Biopsy

0 Rabbit Infectivity Testing

0 Other Diagnostic Modalities

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Syphilis and HIV Infection

0 Syphilis As a Cofactor for HIV Transmission

0 Basic Science Issues

63. Toxoplasmosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

64. Trichomonas Vaginalis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

65. Tuberculosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Microscopic Characteristics

0 Cultural Characteristics

0 Detection of Antibodies

0 Skin Tests

0 MDRTB

c. Vaccines and Drugs

66. Vibrio

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

67. West Nile Virus

a. Background

- Clinical Syndromes

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

68. Yersinaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

List of Tables

Major Companies Developing or Marketing AIDS TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing AdenovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing BartonellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or MarketingCampylobacter TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CandidaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ChlamydiaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ClostridiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CoronavirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CryptosporidiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CMV TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EchovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EnterovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EBV Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Giardia

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Gonorrhea

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hantavirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Helicobacter

Pylori Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hepatitis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Herpes

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Influenza

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Legionella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Lyme Disease

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Lymphogranuloma

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Malaria

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Measles

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Meningitis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing MicrosporidiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or MarketingMononucleosis TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing Mumps TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing MycoplasmaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing PapillomaVirus TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ParvovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing PneumoniaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RSV TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RotavirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RubellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing SalmonellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing SepticemiaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ShigellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing StaphylococciTests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing

Streptococci Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Syphilis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Toxoplasmosis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Trichomonas

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Tuberculosis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing West Nile

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Yersinia Tests

To order this report:In Vitro Diagnostic Industry: Emerging Microbiology Tests and Companies Developing New Technologies and Products

More  

Market Research Report

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Industry Analysis and Insights

 

Nicolas Bombourg
Reportlinker
Email: nbo@reportlinker.com
US: (805)652-2626
Intl: +1 805-652-2626

Read this article:
Emerging Microbiology Tests and Companies Developing New Technologies and Products

NEW YORK, Feb. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Future Microbiology Testing Market: Facilities, Test Volumes, and Sales Forecasts by Country

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0771111/Future-Microbiology-Testing-Market-Facilities-Test-Volumes-and-Sales-Forecasts-by-Country.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

This report provides a worldwide overview of the microbiology testing market environment, structure, size and growth. Includes estimates of the number of laboratories performing microbiology tests, as well as ten-year test volume and sales forecasts by country.

Contains 15 pages and 3 tables

Table of Contents1. Worldwide Business Environment

2. Worldwide Market Structure

3. Worldwide Market Size and Growth

List of TablesTable 1: Laboratories Performing Microbiology Tests by Country

Table 2: Total Microbiology Test Volume Forecast by Country

Table 3: Total Microbiology Diagnostics Market Forecast by Country

To order this report:In Vitro Diagnostic Industry: Future Microbiology Testing Market: Facilities, Test Volumes, and Sales Forecasts by Country

More  

Market Research Report

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Industry Analysis and Insights

CONTACT
Nicolas Bombourg
Reportlinker
Email: nbo@reportlinker.com
US: (805)652-2626
Intl: +1 805-652-2626

 

See the article here:
Future Microbiology Testing Market: Facilities, Test Volumes, and Sales Forecasts by Country

NEW YORK, Feb. 14, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Future US Microbiology Testing Market Outlook

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0771120/Future-US-Microbiology-Testing-Market-Outlook.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=In_Vitro_Diagnostic

Complete report $9,400.  DataPack (test volumes, sales forecasts, supplier shares) $3,450.

Highlights

Comprehensive 1,037-page analysis of the US microbiology testing market. Major issues pertaining to the US microbiology laboratory practice, as well as key economic, regulatory, demographic, social and technological trends with significant market impact during the next ten years. Current scientific views on the definition, epidemiology, and etiology of major infectious diseases and microorganisms. Ten-year test volume and sales forecasts for nearly 80 microbiology tests performed in US hospitals, blood banks, physician offices, public health and commercial laboratories. Instrumentation technologies and feature comparison of leading analyzers. Sales and market shares of leading suppliers. Emerging diagnostic technologies and their potential market applications. Product development opportunities. Profiles of current and emerging suppliers, including their sales, market shares, product portfolios, marketing tactics, technological know-how, new products in R&D, collaborative arrangements and business strategies. Business opportunities and strategic recommendations for suppliers.

Contains 1,037 pages and 177 tables

US MICROBIOLOGY TESTING MARKETTable of ContentsIntroductionWorldwide Market and Technology OverviewA. Major Infectious Disease Tests1. AIDSa. Background0 Structure and Composition0 Classification0 Origin of AIDS0 Animal Lentivirus Systems0 Virus Receptos0 HIV Infections in Humans- Pathogenesis & Pathology: Overview ofHIV Infection Course0 CD4T Lymphocytes and Memory Cells0 Monocytes and Macrophages0 Lymphoid Organs0 Neural Cells0 Viral Coinfections- Clinical Findings0 Plasma Viral Load0 Pediatric AIDS- Neurologic Disease- Opportunistic Infections- Cancer0 Immunity- Virus Isolation- Serology- Detection of Viral NucleicAcid and Antigens0 Infectivity0 Epidemiology- Worldwide Spread of AIDS- United States- Routes of Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Laboratory Diagnosis

- Enzyme Immunoassay Interpretation

- Specific, Sensitivity, and Predictive

Value of Enzyme Immunoassays

0 Competition Assays

0 Western Blot Technique

0 Immuno-Fluorescence Assay (IFA)

0 Radioimmunoprecipitation

0 HIV-1/HIV-2 Combination Testing

0 Methods of HIV-Antigen Detection

0 Antigen Assays and Blood Screening

0 Urine Tests

0 Immunopathogenic Mechanism of HIV Infection

0 DNA Probes

- Overview

- Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

- In Situ PCR

- Needed Improvements

0 Viral Load/Drug Resistance Testing

0 Genotype and Phenotype Testing

0 Blood Banking Consideration

c. Vaccines and Drugs

- Antiviral Drugs

- Vaccines Against HIV

0 Transmission of HIV in Blood Products

0 HIV Transmission in Transplant and

Artificial Insemination Recipients

2. Adenovirus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

d. Adeno-Associated Viruses(AAV)

3. Aeromonas

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

4. Anthrax/Bacillus Anthracis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs5. Arbovirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs6. Babesiosisa. Background7. Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis (BEA)And Other Bartonella (Rochalimaea)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs8. Blastocystis Hominisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs9. Brucellaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs10. Campylobactera. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Identification from Culturec. Vaccines and Drugs11. Candidaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs12. Chagas Diseasea. Background13. Chancroida. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs14. Chlamydiaa. Background0 Chlamydia Psittaci

0 Chlamydia Pneumoniae

0 Chlamydia Trachomatis

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

15. Clostridium Difficile

a. Background

0 Pediatric Infections

0 Epidemiology

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

0 Fluorescent-Antibody Assays

0 Poloymerase Chain Reactions

c. Drugs and Vaccines

16. Coronaviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

17. Coxsackieviruses

a. Background

0 Herpangina

0 Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome

0 Hepidemic Conjuctivitis

0 Pharingitis

0 Epidemic Pleurodynia

0 Myodarditis,Pericarditis

0 Overwhelming Infection of the Newborn

0 Acute Aseptic Meningitis

0 Undifferentiated Febrile Illness

0 Fever with upper respiratory infection

0 Encephalitis

0 Asymptomatic Infection

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

18. Creutzfeldt-Jakob's Disease

a. Background

0 Blood Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Major Commercial and Academic Players

- Bayer

- Disease Sciences/Bio Tec Global- Imperial College of Medicine- Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics- Pall- ProMetic Life Sciences- Proteome Sciences/Idexx- Q-One Biotech- Serono- U.S. Agricultural Research Servicec. Vaccines19. Cryptosporidium Parvuma. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Histologic0 Laboratory Parasitology0 Serodiagnosisc. Vaccines and Drugs20. Cyclospora Cayetanensisa. Background0 Asymptomatic Infection0 Diarrhea in Immunocompetent Persons0 Diarrhea in Immunocompromisedersonsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs21. Cytomegalovirusa. Background0 Chorioretinitis0 Gastrointestinal0 Central Nervous System Diseaseb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs22. Ebola Virusa. Background0 Epidemiology0 Hemorrhagic Feverb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs23. E. Colia. Background

0 Role of Escherichia Coli in

Causing Diarrhea

0 EPEC

0 ETEC

0 EIEC

0 EHEC

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

24. EchoVirus

a. Background

0 Acute Aseptic Miningitisis

0 Encephalitis

0 Exanthems

0 Respiratory Disease

0 Myope;ricarditis

0 Neonatal Infections

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

25. Encephalitis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

26. Enteroviruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Viral Isolation and Identification

0 Antibody Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

27. Epstein-Barr Virus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

28. Giardia Lamblia

a. Background

0 Life Cycle and Morphology

0 Morphology of Trophozoites

0 Clinical Disease

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

29. Gonorrheaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs30. Granuloma Inguinalea. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs31. Hantavirusa. Background0 Identification of the Agent0 Transmission0 Other Rodent Hantaviruses0 Distribution0 Hantavirus Diseases0 Epidemiology0 Addendum in Proof-Northeastern Connection0 Previously Unknown Pathogens0 Cases Nationwideb. Diagnostic Tests0 An Immunohistochemistry Approach0 Hantavirus Rapid Diagnostic Test0 ELISA Diagnosis of Hantavirus PulmonarySyndrome0 IgG ELISA0 IgM Capture ELISAc. Vaccines and Drugs32. Helicobacter Pyloria. Background0 Pathogenesis0 Role in Peptic Ulcer Disease0 Role in Gastric Cancer0 Nonulcer Dyspepsiab. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Specific Therapeutic Regimens0 Who Should Be Treated?0 Participants in Controlled Clinical Trials

0 Patients with Refractory Peptic Ulcer

0 Patients with Refractory NUD

0 Patients in High-Risk Groups for Gastric

Cancer

33. Hepatitis

a. Background

b. Hepatitis A

c. Hepatitis B

d. Hepatitis C

0 Classification

0 Transmission of Infection

0 Occupational Hazards

0 Acute Hepatitis

0 Diagnosis of Acute Infection

0 Chronic Hepatitis

0 HCV and Other Chronic Liver Diseases

0 Alcoholic Liver Disease

0 Hepatitis B Coinfection

0 Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

0 Diagnostic Tests

0 Possible Indications for HCV RNA Testing

0 Conclusions and Future Direction

e. Hepatitis D

0 Historical Perspective

0 Epidemiology

0 HBV-HDV "Coinfection" vs. "Superinfection"

0 Methods of Detecting HDV

0 Prevention

f. Hepatitis E

0 Background

0 Prevalence of the Disease

0 Diagnostic Tests

0 Epidemiologic Serosurveys

0 Serologic Cross-Reactivity

g. Hepatitis G

0 Vaccines and Drugs

34. Herpes Simplex Virus

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

35. Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6)a. Background0 HIV-6 Infectionsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs36. Influenza Virusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs37. Legionellaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs38. Lyme Diseasea. Background0 Clinical Description0 Clinical Case Definition0 Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosis0 Case Classificationb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs39. Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs40. Malariaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Potential Diagnositic Problems with PositivePatients from Non-endemic Areas- Patient- Laboratory- Physicianc. Vaccines and Drugs41. Measles (Rubeola)a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

42. Meningitis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Development of Polysaccharide Vaccines

0 Quadrivalent Vaccine Development

0 Meningococcal A.C.Y. & W-135 Vaccines

0 Efficacy of Group C Vaccine

0 Efficacy of Group A Vaccine

0 Combinations of Group A and C Vaccines

0 Group B Efficacy Trials

0 Future Direction

43. Microsporidium

a. Background

0 Prevalence and Geographic Distribution

0 Sources of Human Infection and Transmission

b. Diagnostic Tests

0 Light Microscopic Examination of Stool

Specimens By Chromotrope Staining

0 Stool Concentration Methods

0 Chemofluorescent Agents

0 Giemsa Staining of Stool Specimens

0 Cytologic Diagnosis

0 Histologic Examination

0 Electron Microscopy

0 Examination of Bodily Fluids

0 Examination of Tissue Sections

0 Immunofluorescence Detection Procedures

0 Serology

0 Cell Culture

0 Approach to Diagnosis

0 Evaluation of Patients with Presumptive

Intestinal Microsporidiosis

0 Evaluation of Patients with Presumptive

Ocular Microsporidiosis

c. Vaccines and Drugs

44. Mononucleosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

45. Mumpsa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Efficacy of Vaccination0 Future Issues46. Mycoplasmaa. Background0 Ureaplasma Urealyticum & Mycoplasma Hominisb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs47. Papillomavirusesa. Background0 HPV in Cancer0 Cervical Neoplasmb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Prevention48. Parvovirus B19a. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs49. Pneumoniaa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs50. Polyomavirusesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs51. Pseudomonas Aeruginosaa. Background0 Virulence Factorsb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs52. Rabiesa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

53. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

54. RhinoViruses

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

55. RotaVirus (REOVIRUS)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

56. Rubella(MEASLES)

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Developing Countries

0 Elimination and Eradication of Measles

0 New Developments

57. Salmonellosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

58. Septicemia

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

59. Shigellosis

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

60. Staphylococcus Aureus

a. Background

0 The Genus Taphylococcus

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

0 Prevention

61. Streptococci

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs0 Group A Streptococci0 Group B Streptococci62. Syphilisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Biopsy0 Rabbit Infectivity Testing0 Other Diagnostic Modalitiesc. Vaccines and Drugs0 Syphilis and HIV Infection0 Syphilis As a Cofactor for HIV Transmission0 Basic Science Issues63. Toxoplasmosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs64. Trichomonas Vaginalisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs65. Tuberculosisa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Tests0 Microscopic Characteristics0 Cultural Characteristics0 Detection of Antibodies0 Skin Tests0 MDRTBc. Vaccines and Drugs66. Vibrioa. Backgroundb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs67. West Nile Virusa. Background- Clinical Syndromesb. Diagnostic Testsc. Vaccines and Drugs

68. Yersina

a. Background

b. Diagnostic Tests

c. Vaccines and Drugs

B. Instrumentation Review and Market Needs

0 Abbott AxSYM

0 Abbott IMx/IMx Select

0 Anagen AN2000/AuraFlex

0 Beckman Coulter Access

0 BioChem Pharma/SR1

0 BioMerieux/Vitek Vidas

0 Biotrol System 7000

0 Chiron ACS: Centaur

0 Chiron ACS: 180

0 J&J Diagnostics/Amersham Amerlite

0 J&J Diagnostics Vitros ECi

0 Olympus PK310

0 Roche Cobas Core

0 Roche Elecsys 1010/2010

0 Roche ES 22

0 Roche ES 33

0 Roche ES 300/300AL

0 Siemens ELISA Processor II/III

0 Siemens Immuno 1

0 Siemens/Opus/Plus/Magnum

0 Siemens Stratus

0 Tosoh AIA-1200/1200DX/NexIA/600

0 Wallac/Pharmacia Delfia

C. Emerging Diagnostic Technologies

1. DNA Probes

a. Technology Overview

b. Amplification Methods

0 Polymerase Chain Reaction

- Robotics

- Temperature Cyclers

- PCR Variations

0 Immuno-PCR

0 QC-PCR

0 DAP-PCR

0 Ligase Chain Reaction0 Branched DNA0 Q-Beta Replicase0 Nucleic-Acid Sequence-Based0 Strand Displacement Activation0 Self-Sustained Sequence Replicase2. Monoclonal Antibodies3. Immunoassaysa. Technological Principleb. Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)0 Overview0 ELISA0 Dot Immunobinding Assays0 Capillary Immunoassays0 Particle-Membrane CaptureImmunoassays0 Enzyme Amplificationc. Fluorescent Immunoassays0 Fluorescence Polarization0 Time-Resolved Pulse Fluorescenced. Luminescence0 Chemiluminescence0 Bioluminescencee. Latex Agglutinationf. Immunoprecipitation4. Differential Light Scattering5. Microcomputers and Automation6. Artificial Intelligence7. Liposomes8. Flow Cytometry9. Chromatography10. MRI11. Gel Microdroplets12. OtherD. Personal TestingE. Worldwide Business EnvironmentF. Worldwide Market StructureG. Worldwide Market Size and Growth

U.S.A.

A. Executive Summary

B. Business Environment

1. Health Care Expenditures

2. Cost Consciousness

3. Reimbursement

4. Industry Consolidation

5. Managed Care

a. HMO

b. PPO

6. Hospitals

7. Admissions

8. Length of Stay

9. Industry Diversification

10. Physician Demographics

11. Population Aging

a. Chronic Illness

b. Disease Incidence

c. Susceptibility to Iatrogenesis

d. Multiple Illness Cases

12. Laboratory Regulations

13. FDA Reform

C. Market Structure

1. Centralized Testing

a. Hospitals

b. Commercial/Private Laboratories

c. Blood Banks

1) Community and Regional Centers

2) Plasma Fractionation Centers

2. Decentralized Testing

a. Physician Offices/Group Practices

b. Point of Care Testing

c. Other Decentralized Testing Locations

D. Market Size, Growth and Major Suppliers

Major Product Development OpportunitiesA. InstrumentationB. Reagent Kits and Test Systems/PanelsC. Computers, Software and AutomationD. Auxiliary ProductsDesign Criteria for Decentralized Testing ProductsAlternative Market Penetration StrategiesA. Internal DevelopmentB. Collaborative ArrangementsC. University ContractsD. Distribution Strategies for DecentralizedTesting Markets1. Marketing Approaches2. Product Complexity3. Customer Preference4. Established Suppliers5. Emerging Suppliers6. Major Types of Distributors7. Market SegmentationPotential Market Entry Barriers and RisksA. Market MaturityB. Cost ContainmentC. CompetitionD. Technological Edge and LimitationsE. Patent ProtectionF. Regulatory ConstraintsG. Decentralized Testing Market ChallengesCompetitive Assessments- Abbott- Affymetrix- Beckman Coulter- Becton Dickinson- bioMerieux

- Bio-Rad

- Cepheid

- Diamedix

- DiaSorin

- Eiken Chemical

- Enzo Biochem

- Fujirebio

- Gen-Probe

- Hologic

- ID Biomedical

- J&J Diagnostics

- Kreatech

- Life Technology

- Lonza

- Nanogen

- Novartis Diagnostics

- Qiagen

- Roche

- Scienion

- Sequenom

- SeraCare

- Siemens

- Takara Bio

- Thermo Fisher

- Wallac

- Wako

List of Tables

Major Companies Developing or Marketing AIDS TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing AdenovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing BartonellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or MarketingCampylobacter TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CandidaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ChlamydiaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ClostridiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CoronavirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CryptosporidiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing CMV TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EchovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EnterovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing EBV Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Giardia

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Gonorrhea

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hantavirus

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Helicobacter

Pylori Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hepatitis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Herpes

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Influenza

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Legionella

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Lyme Disease

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Lymphogranuloma

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Malaria

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Measles

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Meningitis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing MicrosporidiumTestsMajor Companies Developing or MarketingMononucleosis TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing Mumps TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing MycoplasmaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing PapillomaVirus TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ParvovirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing PneumoniaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RSV TestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RotavirusTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing RubellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing SalmonellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing SepticemiaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing ShigellaTestsMajor Companies Developing or Marketing StaphylococciTests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing

Streptococci Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Syphilis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Toxoplasmosis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Trichomonas

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Tuberculosis

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing West Nile

Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Yersinia Tests

Worldwide All Market Segments Laboratories

Performing Microbiology Tests by Country

Worldwide All Market Segments Total Microbiology Test

Volume Forecast by Country

Worldwide All Market Segments Total Microbiology

Diagnostics Market Forecast by Country

Infectious Disease Tests Major Issues and Market

Potential For Personal Testing

U.S.A. Summary Table

All Infectious Diseases Test Volume and Diagnostics

Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Laboratories Performing Infectious Disease Tests

by Market Segment

U.S.A.Hospital Laboratories Performing Infectious DiseaseTests by Bed SizeU.S.A.Commercial/Private Laboratories Performing InfectiousDisease Tests by Annual Test VolumeU.S.A.Physician Office Laboratories Performing InfectiousDisease Tests by Practice SizeU.S.A.All Market Segments Infectious Disease Test Volume ForecastU.S.A.Hospital Laboratories Infectious Disease Test Volume ForecastU.S.A.Blood Banks Infectious Disease Test Volume ForecastU.S.A.Physician Office Laboratories Infectious DiseaseTest Volume ForecastU.S.A.Commercial/Private Laboratories Infectious DiseaseTest Volume ForecastU.S.A.Public Health Laboratories Infectious Disease TestVolume ForecastU.S.A.All Market Segments Infectious Disease DiagnosticsMarket ForecastU.S.A.Hospital Laboratories Infectious Disease DiagnosticsMarket Forecast

U.S.A.

Blood Banks Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.S.A.

Physician Office Laboratories Infectious Disease

Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.S.A.

Commercial/Private Laboratories Infectious Disease

Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.S.A.

Public Health Laboratories Infectious Disease

Diagnostics Market Forecast

U.S.A.

HIV or HIVI/HIVII Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

HTLV I or HTLV I/HTLV II Test Volume and Diagnostics

Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

HIVAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Western Blot/Other Confirmatory Test Volume and

Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Adenovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Aeromonads Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.BEA Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Blastocystis Hominis Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market SegmentU.S.A.Campylobacter Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Candida Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Chancroid Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Chlamydia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Clostridium Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarketSegmentU.S.A.Coronavirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.CoxsackieVirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Cryptosporidium Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Cyclospora Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

CMV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

E. Coli Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Echovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Encephalitis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Enterovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market

Segment

U.S.A.

EBV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Giardia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Gonorrhea Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Granuloma Inguinale Test Volume and Diagnostics

Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.Hantavirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Helicobacter Pylori Test Volume and DiagnosticsSales Forecast by Market SegmentU.S.A.HAV NAT Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.HBV NAT Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.HbsAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Hepatitis C Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Anti-HBC Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Anti-HBS Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Anti-HAV Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Hepatitis Delta Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

HBcAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

HBeAg Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

ALT/SGPT Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Herpes Simplex I and II Test Volume and Diagnostics

Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Herpes Type VI Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales

Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Influenza Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Legionella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Lyme Disease Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Lymphogranuloma Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Malaria Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.Measles Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Meningitis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarketSegmentU.S.A.Microsporidium Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Mononucleosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Mumps Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Mycoplasma Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Papilloma Virus Test Volume and Diagnostics SalesForecast by Market SegmentU.s.a.Parvovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Pneumonia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Polyomaviruses Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket Segment

U.S.A.

Pseudomonas Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market Segment

U.S.A.

Rabies

Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

RSV

Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market Segment

U.S.A.

Rhinovirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Rotavirus Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Rubella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Salmonella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Septicemia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by

Market

Segment

U.S.A.

Shigella Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by Market

Segment

U.S.A.Staphylococci Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Streptococci Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Syphilis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Toxoplasmosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Trichomonas Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Tuberculosis Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.Vibrio Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.West Nile Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast by MarketSegmentU.S.A.Yersinia Test Volume and Diagnostics Sales Forecast byMarket SegmentU.S.A.AIDS Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplier

U.S.A.

Adenovirus Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.

Campylobacter Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.

Candida Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Chancroid Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Chlamydia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

CMV Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Cryptosporidium Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Echovirus Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Enterovirus Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.

EBV Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.Giardia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Gonorrhea Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Helicobacter Pylori Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Hepatitis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Hepatitis C Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.S.A.Herpes Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Influenza Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Legionella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.S.A.Lyme Disease Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.S.A.Measles Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor Supplier

U.S.A.

Meningitis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Mononucleosis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.

Mumps Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Mycoplasma Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.

Pneumonia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Rabies Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

RSV Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Rotavirus Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Rubella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by Major

Supplier

U.S.A.

Salmonella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by

Major Supplier

U.S.A.Septicemia Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.S.A.Shigella Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Streptococci Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor SupplierU.S.A.Syphilis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales by MajorSupplierU.S.A.Toxoplasmosis Testing Market Diagnostics Sales byMajor Supplier

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Future US Microbiology Testing Market Outlook

Public release date: 13-Feb-2012
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Contact: Eric Schoch
eric.schoch@iu.edu
317-274-7722
Indiana University School of Medicine

One of the frustrations for scientists working on HIV/AIDS treatments has been the human immunodeficiency virus' ability to evade the body's immune system. Now an Indiana University researcher has discovered a compound that could help put the immune system back in the hunt.

It's not that the human immune system doesn't recognize HIV. Indeed, an infection causes the body to unleash antibodies that attack the virus, and initially some HIV is destroyed.

But HIV is able to quickly defend itself by co-opting a part of the innate human immune system ? the immune system people are born with, called the complement. The complement includes a vital mechanism that prevents immune system cells from attacking the body's own cells. HIV is able to incorporate a key protein in that self-protection mechanism, CD59, and by doing so makes itself appear to be one of the body's normal cells, not an infective agent.

In laboratories at the Indiana University School of Medicine, Andy Qigui Yu, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of microbiology and immunology, is testing a promising compound that may counteract HIV's ability to hijack the immune system's protection mechanism.

"HIV is very clever. As it replicates inside cells, it takes on the CD59. The virus is covered with CD59, so the immune system treats the virus like your own normal cells," Dr. Yu said.

In November, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced it had awarded nine new Grand Challenges Explorations Phase II grants, one of them to Dr. Yu. The Phase II grants were awarded to researchers who had received initial $100,000 awards and had shown promising results.

The new grant will support not only Dr. Yu's research into compounds that may block the ability of HIV to hide behind the CD59 "cloak," but also his work to identify the mechanism the virus uses to incorporate CD59.

"If we find that mechanism, then we can develop something to block that incorporation, and HIV may lose that protection from the immune system," Dr. Yu said.

Researchers have been able in the past to generate antibodies that successfully attacked HIV in the laboratory. But these antibodies have failed in human testing because the virus in the body escapes from immune system attacks, Dr. Yu said.

In an attempt to disrupt HIV's hijacking of CD59, Yu and colleagues at IU and Harvard University crafted a molecule from a bacterial toxin that is known to bind to the CD59 protein. In laboratory tests, they administered the molecule to blood samples taken from patients with HIV. The bacteria toxin molecule latched on to the CD59 proteins, revealing the viral particles to be invaders and enabling the antibodies to attack the virus.

Reporting their findings in the Journal of Immunology in December 2010, the researchers suggested that the molecule could potentially be developed into a new therapy to fight HIV/AIDS.

More recent experiments have indicated that the administration of the molecule enabled the antibody-complement to attack infected cells and not just the virus particles found in the blood samples. The next steps will include more extensive testing of the molecule in a broader range of patient samples, Dr. Yu said.

###

Grand Challenges Explorations is a $100 million initiative funded by the Gates Foundation to help researchers worldwide explore innovative ideas in how to solve persistent global health and development challenges. Initial grants of $100,000 are awarded two times a year. Successful projects have an opportunity to receive a follow-on grant of up to $1 million.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Indiana University scientist works to detach protein that HIV uses as protective shield

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Posted February 13, 2012

Provides Automation Platform to Offer Integrated Microbiology Lab Solutions

FRANKLIN LAKES, N.J. -- BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) (NYSE: BDX), a leading global medical technology company, announced today that it has acquired KIESTRA Lab Automation BV, a Netherlands-based company that designs, develops, manufactures, markets and sells innovative lab automation solutions for the microbiology lab. The financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. The transaction is expected to be slightly dilutive; however, BD reaffirms its previous guidance that reported diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for fiscal year 2012 are expected to be in the range of $5.60 to $5.70.

For further information, read more on BD's website.

About BD

BD is a leading global medical technology company that develops, manufactures and sells medical devices, instrument systems and reagents. The Company is dedicated to improving people's health throughout the world. BD is focused on improving drug delivery, enhancing the quality and speed of diagnosing infectious diseases and cancers, and advancing research, discovery and production of new drugs and vaccines. BD's capabilities are instrumental in combating many of the world's most pressing diseases. Founded in 1897 and headquartered in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, BD employs approximately 29,000 associates in more than 50 countries throughout the world. The Company serves healthcare institutions, life science researchers, clinical laboratories, the pharmaceutical industry and the general public. For more information, please visit http://www.bd.com.

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BD Acquires KIESTRA Lab Automation BV

Food safety testing in Europe is substantial, with an estimated 275 million food microbiology tests conducted in 2011. According to Food Micro—6, a new market research report from Strategic Consulting, food safety testing in the EU will reach close to 350 million tests in 2016, at which point the market should top $1 billion in value.

Woodstock, VT (PRWEB) February 09, 2012

Europe is a substantial market for food microbiology testing. With a population of over 500 million, the 27 countries of the European Union (EU) conducted an estimated 275 million microbiology food safety tests in 2011, according to Food Micro, Sixth Edition: Food Microbiology Testing in Europe (Food Micro-6), a new market report from Strategic Consulting, Inc. In comparison, there were 213 million such tests conducted in the US in 2010.

According to Tom Weschler, president of Strategic Consulting and lead author of Food Micro-6, “Food safety microbiology testing in the EU will approach 350 million total tests in 2016, at which point the market should top $1 billion in value.” Given these numbers and other factors, the European food safety testing market must be examined and understood, Weschler says. “A resurgence in public awareness in the wake of the 2011 E. coli outbreak in Germany, and the continued focus of the European Food Safety Authority on EU-wide systems, could drive test volumes even higher.”

Food Micro-6 is the first definitive report to focus exclusively on the European food microbiology testing market, and reviews the methods, technologies, companies, regulations and trends shaping food safety testing in Europe.

In preparing Food Micro-6, Strategic Consulting conducted more than 175 detailed interviews in 11 European countries accounting for 77% of all agricultural/food value-added in the EU. This primary research with food-processing plants throughout Europe provides new, detailed data on European food safety testing including test volumes, methods used for routine and pathogen testing, and costs per test performed. Differences in testing practices are analyzed for the meat, dairy, fruit/vegetable, and processed food segments. Variations within countries are outlined, and expected changes in future testing practices are discussed.

“Routine” microbiology tests used in the EU to indicate the presence of microorganisms in the food processing plant or food product include total bacteria, E. coli, Staphylococcus, yeast and molds. In 2011, these routine tests numbered 225.4 million. The balance of food microbiology tests in Europe were 49.9 million “pathogen” tests, which look for specific microbes such as Salmonella, Listeria, L. mono, Campylobacter, and E. coli O157.

Food Micro—6 also profiles 18 leading diagnostic companies in the food safety testing market including 3M, BioControl, bioMérieux, Bio-Rad, DuPont Qualicon, Life Technologies, Merck Millipore, Neogen, QIAGEN, Roka Bioscience, and Thermo Fisher.

Food Micro—6 is a companion report to Food Micro, Fifth Edition: Microbiology Testing in the U.S. Food Industry (Food Micro—5), published by SCI in 2011, which reviews the current practices and changes impacting food safety testing at 9,350 US food processing plants.

Strategic Consulting has published six reports to date reviewing quality and safety testing in the food industry. The food sector represents almost 50% of the total industrial microbiology testing market, and is more than double the size of any other industrial segment including pharmaceutical, personal care products, beverage, environmental, and industrial processes. Strategic Consulting market research reports are widely accepted by leading diagnostic manufacturers and investors as highly credible analyses of the industry.

For more information about Food Micro, Sixth Edition: Food Microbiology Testing in Europe, visit http://www.strategic-consult.com or call Strategic Consulting’s US office at 802-457-9933.

   

Strategic Consulting, Inc. provides market reports and business consulting for industrial diagnostics companies delivering microbiology-based products for quality and safety testing in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, environmental water, and industrial-process water. With more than 75 combined years of international management in the industrial marketplace, Strategic Consulting's principals have proven success in working with venture capital backed start-ups, publicly traded companies, technology acquisitions, and transformation of underachieving companies. For more information on Strategic Consulting, Inc. and its current market reports, visit http://www.strategic-consult.com or call 802-457-9933. Follow SCI president and industry expert, Tom Weschler, on LinkedIn or Twitter @tomweschler.

###

Mary Hawkins
Strategic Consulting, Inc.
802-457-9933
Email Information

Go here to see the original:
Food Safety Microbiology Testing Market in Europe to Top $1 Billion in 5 Years

22-05-2011 12:19 Dr. Elaine Ingham gives advice on choosing a microscope for soil microbiology. Dr. Ingham is a world-renowned soil microbiologist who pioneered many of the currently used biological soil amendment techniques and pioneered the testing of soil microbial life as an indicator of soil and plant health. Dr. Ingham is the Chief Scientist at the Rodale Institute. She is the founder of the Sustainable Studies Institute and the Soil Foodweb Inc. soil testing labs. Dr. Ingham is the key author of the US Dept. of Agriculture's Soil Biology Primer. She has been the mentor of numerous soil scientists and practitioners of ecologically balanced landscape design, and has helped farmers all over the world to grow more resilient crops by understanding and improving their soil life.

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CHOOSING A MICROSCOPE FOR SOIL MICROBIOLOGY by Dr. Elaine Ingham - Video

26-01-2011 05:41 A microscopic view of worm compost showing ciliate protozoa, flagellate protozoa, and bacteria

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soil microbiology - Video

Public release date: 31-Jan-2012
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Contact: Jim Sliwa
jsliwa@asmusa.org
202-942-9297
American Society for Microbiology

In response to recent actions of the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), which recommended that two scientific journals withhold crucial details in upcoming reports about experiments with a novel strain of the bird flu virus, H5N1, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) will publish a special series of commentaries by prominent scientists, including the acting chair of the NSABB, weighing in on whether the recommendations were necessary and what role biosecurity considerations should play in the dissemination of research findings. The commentaries will be published in the Society's online, open-access journal, mBio?, on January 31. The commentaries are accompanied by an editorial from Editor-in-Chief Arturo Casadevall and ASM Publications Board Chair Thomas Shenk who introduce the problem as the H5N1 manuscript redaction controversy.

The strain of avian flu in question has caused hundreds of deaths worldwide, and though it is highly lethal in humans, it apparently lacks the ability to transmit easily from person to person. The current controversy surrounds a report that describes experiments that created a form of the H5N1 virus that is transmissible from ferret to ferret, animals used as models of human flu infection.

In the interest of biosecurity, the NSABB recommended that the federal government move to restrict information in the study that would enable a reader to replicate the experiments that enhanced the transmissibility of the virus. The government honored the recommendation and asked the scholarly journals in question, Science and Nature, to redact many of the experimental details, an unprecedented request to which the researchers and journals agreed. This recommendation has generated tremendous controversy among scientists. As noted by Drs. Casadevall and Shenk in their accompanying editorial, the controversy poses a new problem for scientists who are used to resolving disputes with additional laboratory work but are now in a position where they cannot use this method of conflict resolution to settle the matter.

In the first Commentary, Paul Keim, the acting chair of the NSABB and the Chair of the Microbiology Department at Northern Arizona University, lays out his reasons for supporting these recommendations. According to Keim, the fact that it is possible for a highly virulent form of the bird flu virus to acquire the ability to transmit from mammal to mammal is the most important piece of information in the study and should compel policy makers, granting agencies, public health officials, vaccine and drug developers to move forward with greater urgency in developing flu-fighting infrastructure. The experimental details, on the other hand, would not enhance public health efforts and could actually enable those with ill intent to create a strain of flu that would put lives in danger.

Robert Webster, of St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, asks how science and policy can maintain the sharing of scientific information while minimizing risks to public health. He emphasizes that suppressing scientific knowledge was in the public interest in this instance, but that so-called dual-use research will continue to raise many questions about where to draw the line between freedom of information and public safety. Webster argues there is an urgent need for general guidance in the matter and he proposes creating an international panel to consider approaches to promoting research while maintaining biosecurity.

The final contributor, Vincent Racaniello of Columbia University, argues that NSABB was wrong to recommend suppressing the information in these studies. It is not known whether the ferret adapted virus is lethal or transmissible among humans, Racaniello says, and he points out that adapting viruses to living in lab animals is actually a common strategy for reducing their suitability and virulence to human hosts. He is also concerned about the precedent set by withholding details from a scientific publication. The idea that scientific studies can be published without methods and data will undermine the system of publication, replication and advancement that guides modern scientific endeavor.

The matter of the NSABB and the H5N1 research raises important questions for science and policy, the answers to which principled persons may disagree. The American Society for Microbiology has long contributed to national discussions on health and biosecurity, and it is hoped that the Commentaries appearing in mBio? on January 31 will stimulate a thoughtful and productive dialogue among the various stakeholders.

###

IN RELATED NEWS: The ASM will host a special session at its annual Biodefense and Emerging Diseases Research Meeting on February 29, featuring a live discussion of the H5N1 research controversy. Hosted by NSABB Chair Paul Keim, the session's participants will include Michael Osterholm of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, Anthony Fauci of the National Institutes of Health, Bruce Alberts of Science Magazine and Ron Fouchier of Erasmus MC. Additional information can be found online at http://www.asmbiodefense.org.

mBio? is an open access online journal published by the American Society for Microbiology to make microbiology research broadly accessible. The focus of the journal is on rapid publication of cutting-edge research spanning the entire spectrum of microbiology and related fields. It can be found online at http://mbio.asm.org.

The American Society for Microbiology is the largest single life science society, composed of over 39,000 scientists and health professionals. ASM's mission is to advance the microbiological sciences as a vehicle for understanding life processes and to apply and communicate this knowledge for the improvement of health and environmental and economic well-being worldwide.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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NSABB and H5N1 redactions: Biosecurity runs up against scientific endeavor

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Research and
Markets(http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/db2156/brazil_in_vitro_di)
has announced the addition of GlobalData's new report
"Brazil
In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017 - Clinical
Chemistry Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology and
Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and
Microbiology Culture" to their offering.

GlobalData's new report provides key market data on the
Brazil In Vitro Diagnostics market. The report provides value
(USD million) data for each segment and sub-segment within
seven market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic
Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno
Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture.
The report also provides company shares and distribution
shares data for each of the aforementioned market categories.

Scope

Market size and company share data for In Vitro
Diagnostics market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic
Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno
Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture.

Annualized market revenues (USD million) data for each of
the segments and sub-segments within seven market categories.
Data from 2003 to 2010, forecast forward for 7 years to 2017.

2010 company shares and distribution shares data for each
of the seven market categories.

Global corporate-level profiles of key companies
operating within the Brazil In Vitro Diagnostics market.

Reasons to buy

Develop business strategies by identifying the key market
categories and segments poised for strong growth.

Develop market-entry and market expansion strategies.

Design competition strategies by identifying
who-stands-where in the Brazil In Vitro Diagnostics
competitive landscape.

Develop capital investment strategies by identifying the
key market segments expected to register strong growth in the
near future.

Companies Mentioned:

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Siemens Healthcare

Abbott Laboratories

bioMerieux S.A.

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

HORIBA, Ltd.

Becton, Dickinson and Company

Sysmex Corporation

Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Inc.

DiaSorin S.p.A

Beckman Coulter, Inc.

Alere Inc.

Phadia AB

Qiagen N.V.

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

Gen-Probe Incorporated

PerkinElmer, Inc.

For more information visit
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/db2156/brazil_in_vitro_di

Read the rest here:
Research and Markets: Brazil In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017 - Clinical Chemistry Genetic Testing ...

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Research and
Markets(http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/4f267f/canada_in_vitro_di)
has announced the addition of GlobalData 's new report
"Canada
In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017 - Clinical
Chemistry Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology And
Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and
Microbiology Culture" to their offering.

GlobalData's new report,
Canada In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017 - Clinical
Chemistry Genetic Testing, Haematology, Histology And
Cytology, Immuno Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and
Microbiology Culture provides key market data on the
Canada In Vitro Diagnostics market. The report provides value
(USD million) data for each segment and sub-segment within
seven market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic
Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno
Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture.
The report also provides company shares and distribution
shares data for each of the aforementioned market categories.
The report is supplemented with global corporate-level
profiles of the key market participants with information on
company financials and pipeline products, wherever available.

Scope

Market size and company share data for In Vitro
Diagnostics market categories - Clinical Chemistry, Genetic
Testing, Haematology, Histology And Cytology, Immuno
Chemistry, Infectious Immunology and Microbiology Culture.

Annualized market revenues (USD million) data for each of
the segments and sub-segments within seven market categories.
Data from 2003 to 2010, forecast forward for 7 years to 2017.

2010 company shares and distribution shares data for each
of the seven market categories.

Global corporate-level profiles of key companies
operating within the Canada In Vitro Diagnosticsmarket.

Companies Mentioned:

Siemens Healthcare

Abbott Laboratories

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Beckman Coulter, Inc.

Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Inc.

bioMerieux S.A.

Becton, Dickinson and Company

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

Biomedica Diagnostics Inc.

Sysmex Corporation

Qiagen N.V.

Immucor, Inc.

Alere Inc.

Gen-Probe Incorporated

DiaSorin S.p.A

Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

Phadia AB

Hologic, Inc.

Grifols, S.A.

Life Technologies Corporation

HORIBA, Ltd.

PerkinElmer, Inc.

For more information visit
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/4f267f/canada_in_vitro_di

Read more:
Research and Markets: Canada In Vitro Diagnostics Market Outlook to 2017 - Clinical Chemistry Genetic Testing ...

27-04-2010 16:09 A slideshow explaining the basics behind genetic engineering as it relates to microorganisms; the technology of recombinant DNA; the use of mRNA, cDNA, expression vectors and plasmids; and applications of genetically modified bacteria, such as with insulin production, oil spill cleanup, and crops.

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Industrial Microbiology PowerPoint - Video

27-05-2010 14:21 Microbiology, which deals with diseases caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Medicine is Pathology http://www.rcpa.edu.au

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Day in the Life - Microbiology - Dr Sally Roberts - Video

13-09-2010 23:22 General Biology Laboratory

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Biology 1AL - Lecture 2: Enzymes, Microbiology-Vibrio isolat - Video

19-01-2011 12:16 A test used to differentiate pseudomonas from E. coli

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Microbiology oxidase test - Video