In a collaborative project, the UOs Patrick Phillips    tackles a problem of reproducibility while studying potential    anti-aging compounds    
    Worms. Might they help us live a healthier and longer life?  
    Extending human life in ways that keep people both healthy and    productive is a goal of many scientists, including the UO's    Patrick Phillips.  
    His latest project, which he leads in collaboration with two    other U.S. institutions, may not immediately move us closer to    extending human life beyond the national average of 79. It has,    however, opened a window on how basic research  that which    seeks fundamental knowledge about how something works  should    be done to harness robust results that speed progress toward    medical advances.  
    In a new    paper published Feb. 21 in the high-profile journal Nature    Communications, Phillips and 33 collaborators got right to the    heart of the challenge: Too many laboratory findings are not    reproducible, and the genetic makeup of model organisms often    responds differently to compounds thought to offer promise.  
    "Aging is universal. It is complex. Individuals die for many    different reasons, so there is a lot of noise in the system,"    said Phillips, a professor of biology and acting executive    director of the Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating    Scientific Impact. "It is a challenge to figure out the    elements necessary to change the process. To do this you have    to approach the question at a scale that has never been done    before. That's what our paper is about."  
    In their study, Phillips nine-member UO team and researchers    from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in California and    Rutgers University in New Jersey carefully carried out    experiments using identical protocols. They simultaneously    tested the effects of 10 different compounds on life extension    across 22 diverse genetic backgrounds drawn from three species    of roundworms.  
    "This is the largest aging study that has ever been done on an    animal  hundreds of thousands of individuals have been    tested," Phillips said.  
    Our study indicates that even when following the same methods,    insufficient replication of trials could account for failures    to reproduce previous studies, the research team noted in the    paper. Our focus on rigorously adhering to defined methods to    reduce variability between sites necessitated making choices    about specific methodologies for which there was no standard    across the field.  
      Locations of worm strains    
    Across the labs, the researchers identified six compounds that    extended the lifespan in one strain of worms. Overall, two    compounds had positive results across the various strains, with    an amyloid dye, Thioflavin T, being the most effective; two    other compounds offered promise under specific conditions.    Genetic differences among the species are comparable to those    found in mice and humans, the researchers noted.  
    More details about the science and Thioflavin T are covered in        a news release issued by the Buck Institute.  
    Future experiments, Phillips said, will test these and other    promising compounds in genetically diverse strains of roundworm    species to see how they perform. Eventually, the most widely    acting compounds could advance into testing in other animal    models and, eventually, in human clinical trials.  
    The research emerged from three-year grants to each of the    three collaborating institutions from the National Institutes    of Health. It is part of an extension of the National Institute    on Agings decade-old Intervention Testing Program that has    targeted aging studies using mice at three other institutions.    The roundworm project is known as the Caenorhabditis    Intervention Testing Program.  
    Roundworms, which have a lifespan of two to three weeks, have a    simple genetic makeup that is similar to mice, which in    laboratories can live up to three years. Thus, Phillips noted,    more individual worms can be used more cheaply in the course of    experiments that span the life cycle.  
    Compounds that have been found to extend life in worms and mice    have proved so far to be limited to organisms with a particular    genetic background.  
      Roundworms    
    This is a dark side of studying a model organism, Phillips    said. You have genetic uniformity in worms and mice, but    humans are not genetically uniform. We know that different    individuals respond differently to drugs and that the cause of    disease is often different in each individual. Overcoming those    limitations is a big part of the push toward personalized    medicine.  
    From the outset, he said, the roundworm project has been about    reproducibility in a way that mirrors the approaches used by    the institutions studying mice.  
    We've had to invest a lot of time in coordinating activities,    Phillips said. That's often an unstated part of the difficulty    of doing science. For this, we've written hundreds of pages of    standard operating procedures to try to normalize the research    process.  
    There is a history in aging studies where one lab finds a    result but another lab cannot reproduce it," he said. "Cancer    studies are the same. Only about 25 percent of studies can be    reproduced with similar results. This is a big emerging issue    in science now, so we feel like our study is one of the best on    reproducibility that has ever been produced.  
    For the project, the leaders of the three labs brought    different specialties of nematode biology to the table:    Phillips is an expert in evolutionary genetics; Gordon J.    Lithgow of the Buck Institute is a specialist on chemical    interventions; and Rutgers Monica Driscoll is an aging and    health expert.  
    Can we expect to see extended human lifespans soon?  
    What we find in this worm may or may not work in mice or    humans, Phillips said. We're looking at things that affect    fundamental cellular processes that are conserved genetically    across all animals.  
    Carrying basic research forward is a goal of the Knight Campus,    a $1 billion initiative designed to accelerate the cycle of    generating impact from discoveries. The Knight Campus, which    has seen some recent     behind-the-scences progress on staffing and the selection    of architects and general contractors, will foster exchanges of    ideas among basic-science researchers with applied scientists    and entrepreneurs to foster that translational process.  
    With this research, you are seeing the classic impact cycle,    Phillips said. You have a guy working in a most esoteric part    of evolutionary biology  something that you'd generally think    could have no general impacts  just to gain understanding    about something about the world. It is important, but in terms    of affecting human health, who knows? Understanding genetic    variation is being recognized as being more important each day.    And so what once seemed esoteric is now important for    understanding translational medicine.  
    As scientists expand into studying stress and aging in terms    of natural genetic variation in different species, then my    area's unique contributions fit into a broader scale. We're    looking at compounds in a way thats never been done before. We    are identifying compounds that can affect health and aging, he    said. What do we do with that?  
    The point is not to make worms live a long time. It's how we    use the information. How might this translate a decade from now    into something that could go into human clinical trials to try    to help people to live longer healthier lives? Can we turn this    basic research into something that is relevant? Are there    potential drugs that could?  
    That could be a Knight Campus story, Phillips said.  
    By Jim Barlow, University Communications  
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A UO lab digs into worms in the quest to lengthen human life - AroundtheO