Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market Research Report estimates the size of the market for 2020 and projects its growth by 2025. It provides a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market. And collect useful data for this extensive, commercial study of the Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market. The global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools report is a basic hold of information, essentially for the business executives.

Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and industry chain structure is analyzed. This report also states import/export, supply and consumption figures as well as manufacturing cost, global revenue and presents gross margin by regions like North America, Europe, Japan, China and other countries (India, Southeast Asia, Central & South America, Middle East & Africa etc.)

The Cellular Reprogramming Tools market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

Final Cellular Reprogramming Tools Report will add the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this Market.

Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market competition by top manufacturers/Key player Profiled:Celgene, BIOTIME, Human Longevity, Advanced Cell Technology, Mesoblast, STEMCELL Technologies, Osiris Therapeutics, Cynata, Astellas Pharma, FUJIFILM Holdings, EVOTEC, Japan Tissue Engineering

>>> Get Free Sample PDF (including COVID19 Impact Analysis, full TOC, Tables and Figures) of Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market:

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into

General Type

Market segment by Application, split into

Drug DevelopmentRegenerative MedicineToxicity Test

The report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market in important countries (regions), including:

North America(United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Cellular Reprogramming Tools Report by Material, Application, and Geography Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the worlds major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).

In this report, the global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.

The report firstly introduced the Cellular Reprogramming Tools basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the worlds main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.

Market segmentation

Cellular Reprogramming Tools market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2015-2025, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

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The report also covers competitive developments, such as long-term contracts, new product launches and developments, and research & development activities being carried out various leading players such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information in this market. It also provides information regarding various business and corporate strategies adopted by key players to strengthen their position in this market. In a word, the report provides major statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

Major Points Covered in Table of Contents:

1 Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market Overview

2 Company Profiles

3 Market Competition, by Players

4 Market Size by Regions

5 North America Cellular Reprogramming Tools Revenue by Countries

6 Europe Cellular Reprogramming Tools Revenue by Countries

7 Asia-Pacific Cellular Reprogramming Tools Revenue by Countries

8 South America Cellular Reprogramming Tools Revenue by Countries

9 Middle East & Africa Revenue Cellular Reprogramming Tools by Countries

10 Market Size Segment by Type

11 Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market Segment by Application

12 Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market Size Forecast (2021-2025)

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

Customization Service of the Report:

Orian Research provides customization of reports as per your need. This report can be personalized to meet your requirements. Get in touch with our sales team, who will guarantee you to get a report that suits your necessities.

Main Aspects covered in the Report->>Overview of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market including production, consumption, status & forecast and market growth->>2016-2020 historical data and 2021-2026 market forecast->>Geographical analysis including major countries->>Overview the product type market including development->>Overview the end-user market including development->>Impact of Coronavirus on the Industry

Key questions answered in the report-

Which are the high growth market segments in terms of type and countries?

What are the market forecasts and estimates for the period 2020-2025?

What are the major drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges in the Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market equipment market?

What are the different strategies adopted by the major players in the Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market equipment market?

What are the geographical trends and high growth countries?

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Global Covid-19 impact on Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market by Top Manufacturers, Demand and Growth Overview 2020 to 2025 - 3rd Watch News

In American history, we learn that the arrival of Spanish explorers led by Hernando de Soto in the 1500s was a watershed moment resulting in the collapse of Indigenous tribes and traditions across the southeastern United States.

While these expeditions unquestionably resulted in the deaths of countless Indigenous people and the relocation of remaining tribes, new research from Washington University in St. Louis provides evidence that Indigenous people in Oconee Valley present-day central Georgia continued to live and actively resist European influence for nearly 150 years.

The findings, published July 15 in American Antiquity, speak to the resistance and resilience of Indigenous people in the face of European insurgence, said Jacob Lulewicz, a lecturer in archaeology in Arts & Sciences and lead author.

The case study presented in our paper reframes the historical contexts of early colonial encounters in the Oconee Valley by way of highlighting the longevity and endurance of Indigenous Mississippian traditions and rewriting narratives of interactions between Spanish colonizers and Native Americans, Lulewicz said.

It also draws into question the motives behind early explanations and interpretations that Euro-Americans proposed about Indigenous earthen mounds platforms built out of soil, clay and stone that were used for important ceremonies and rituals.

Myths were purposively racist

By the mid-1700s, less than 100 years after the abandonment of the Dyar mound [now submerged under Lake Oconee], explanations for the non-Indigenous origins of earthen mounds were being espoused. As less than 100 years would have passed between the Indigenous use of mounds and these explanations, it could be argued that the motives for these myths were purposively racist, denying what would have been a recent collective memory of Indigenous use in favor of explanations that stole, and disenfranchised, these histories from contemporary Indigenous peoples, Lulewicz said.

The Dyar mound was excavated by University of Georgia archaeologists in the 1970s to make way for a dam. Lulewicz and co-authors Victor D. Thompson, professor of archaeology and director of the Laboratory of Archaeology at the University of Georgia; James Wettstaed, archaeologist at Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests; and Mark Williams, director emeritus of the Laboratory of Archaeology at the University of Georgia received funding from the USDA Forest Service to re-date the platform mound, which contained classic markers of Indigenous rituals and ceremonies.

Using advanced radiocarbon dating techniques and complex statistical models, modern-day archaeologists are able to effectively construct high-resolution, high-precision chronologies. In many cases, they can determine, within a 10- to 20-year range, dates of things that happened as far back as 1,000 years ago.

Radiocarbon dating is really important, not just for getting a date to see when things happened, but for understanding the tempo of how things changed throughout time and really understanding the complex histories of people over hundreds of years, Lulewicz said. In archaeology, its really easy to group things in long periods of time, but it would be false to say that nothing changed over those 500 years.

Their research yielded 20 new dates from up and down the mound, which provided a refined perspective on the effects that early Indigenous-colonizer encounters did, and did not, have on the Indigenous people and their traditions.

Missing from the mound was any sign of European artifacts, which is one of the reasons why archaeologists originally believed sites in the region were abruptly abandoned just after their first encounters with Spanish colonizers. Not only did the ancestors of Muscogee (Creek) people continue their traditions atop the Dyar mound for nearly 150 years after these encounters, but they also actively rejected European things, Lulewicz said.

According to Lulewicz, the Dyar mound does not represent an isolated hold-over after contact with European colonizers. There are several examples of platform mounds that were used beyond the 16th century, including the Fatherland site associated with the Natchez in Louisiana, Cofitachequi in South Carolina and a range of towns throughout the Lower Mississippi Valley.

However, the mound at Dyar represents one of the only confirmed examples, via absolute dating, of continued Mississippian traditions related to mound-use and construction to date.

Today, members of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, descendants of the Mississippians who built platform mounds like the one at Dyar, live in Oklahoma. We have a great, collaborative relationship with archaeologists of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Historic and Cultural Preservation Department, so we sent them the paper to review. It was really well received. They saw, reflected in that paper, a lot of the traditions they still practice in Oklahoma and were generous enough to contribute commentary that bolstered the results presented in the paper, he said.

This is where the archaeology that we write becomes so important in the present. Without this type of work, we are contributing to the disenfranchisement of Indigenous peoples from their history.

This is where the archaeology that we write becomes so important in the present, Lulewicz added. There are no Indigenous tribes in Georgia today as they were all forcibly removed in the 19th century, so to make that explicit link to people whose ancestors once lived all across Georgia for thousands of years is really important. Without this type of work, we are contributing to the disenfranchisement of Indigenous peoples from their history.

Of course, they already knew many of the things we discovered, but it was still meaningful to be able to reaffirm their ancestral link to the land.

In the end, Lulewicz said this is the most important part of the paper. We are writing about real human lives Indigenous lives that we have historically treated very poorly and who continue to be treated poorly today in some cases. With the use of advanced radiocarbon dating and the development of really high resolution chronologies, we are able to more effectively reinject lives into narratives of the past.

Excavations in progress at the Dyar site in Greene County, Georgia, prior to the construction of the Wallace Dam and Lake Oconee in 1978. (Source: Laboratory of Archaeology, University of Georgia)

Archaeologists standing on the platform mound at Dyar before it was excavated prior to the construction of the Wallace Dam and Lake Oconee in 1977. (Source: Laboratory of Archaeology, University of Georgia)

An aerial view of the platform mound at Dyar before it was excavated in 1979. Excavated trenches in the village area of the site can be seen in the lower portions of the photograph. (Source: Laboratory of Archaeology, University of Georgia)

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Rewriting history: New evidence challenges Euro-centric narrative of early colonization - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

Against the backdrop of its specific histories, the impact of the pandemic on women particularly in the Balkans also demands specific attention.

Controlling the Covid-19 pandemic and the immediate healing are the priority. But the pandemic has unearthed fissures and structural deficiencies in our societies and governing systems. It is a wake-up call and an unexpectedpossibly catalyticopportunity to forge a sustainable new European future. The progressive and social-democratic family is advocating transformative policies for a just transition, for a more equitable social Europe, for ambitious and bold recovery plans.

Women have borne a sizeable burden of the pressures of the pandemic and the lockdown. They comprise most medical staff, caregivers, domestic workers, teachers, service and social workers. Lockdown measures have resulted in multiple problems for women and familiesfrom domestic violence and increased childcare challenges, including home education, to financial hardships, especially for part-time and seasonal workers.

Through recognising these differentiated needs and applying a gender-sensitive lens to the recovery strategies and the associated deployment of European Union resources, we can ensure gender-equality concerns are mainstreamed in future policies. Within that, the Central and Eastern European Network for Gender Issues, in co-operation with PES Women, has analysed the specific situation of women during the crisis in the Balkan region and explored solutions to the social and economic challenges they face in the wake of the pandemic.

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This region has gone through five economic shocksif we exclude the Balkan conflict itselffrom the transition period to the 2008 economic and financial crisis. Each has affected the very fabric of societies, with neoliberal measures and diminished investments in social and human capital creating more poverty, especially among the most vulnerable.

Serbia is expecting a deep recession in the autumn, deeper than the one in 2008. This would mean fewer resources, especially for social spending, as governments focus on economic stimuli. In most Balkan countries about a third of the population live under the poverty threshold. Even in a more developed EU member such as Croatia every fourth child, according to UNICEF, cannot afford a hot meal at school. Social transfers and one-off financial injections (in Serbia 100 to pensioners, for instance) are palliative measures.

During the coronavirus crisis family and societal relationships have also been changingfrom the negative rise in psychological and physical violence to the positive intergenerational (even inter-ethnic in Bosnia-Herzegovina) solidarity and support. Multi-generational families in the Balkans are more the norm than an exception, providing care for the elderly and children and mutual family support, including financial. So far these demands have fallen primarily on womens shoulders, howeverboth those who are working outside the home (as a double or triple burden) and elderly female pensioners.

The crisis will be felt more in the social sectors, such as care and education, where women dominate. We are witnessing changing labour patterns, such as home-based work with both parents working from home, women as emerging breadwinners (since most are employed in the service sector), part-time and precarious contracts and a rise in unemployment. These will also affect social patterns of care work (for children and the elderly, with men taking more responsibility), as well as social mobility. They will demand that we revisit our social-welfare systems to adapt to the new circumstances or, at least, address their pitfalls.

We should be ready for a new social stratification as a result of the new economic and social circumstances. The lower-middle and especially the working class will be sliding into poverty. There will also be enhanced polarisation between those working in industrial sectors and those employed in the public sector, especially in terms of contracts, remuneration and job security.

A new stratification is emerging too through the lockdown and online schooling. While governments have made an effort to provide web-based curricula and classes, there is increased evidence of the burden it has created for parents who, apart from being playmates, care-givers, domestics and online workers, had to be educatorsto monitor, if not assist, the childs education and school performance. But limited attention and support was given to children of disadvantaged parents, marginalised children, those living in rural areas without computer and internet facilities and those whose parents are unable to provide guidance and ensure educational support. The gaps created in this situation are still there, including as we look to the autumn.

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An additional problem which has arisen in providing social care has been the declining certainty of remittances from the many who left the region to seek a better future, initially because of the wars associated with the collapse of Yugoslavia and later to seek employment, better wages and working conditions in a more democratic, less corrupt environment. The shortage of medical staff, from nurses to doctors, due to their migration to wealthier countries in western Europe, is meanwhile overstretching health and social-care systems in the region.

Coming back to the wider European canvas, we need to retoolto address the consequences of neoliberal policies for our social-welfare systems, to synchronise the new labour patterns and social structures and to address inequalities, including gender inequalities, and rising poverty. A renewed Europe after the pandemic cannot have gender equality as an afterthought: this must be an integral part of political decision-making and of economic and social policies.

The EU has to support sustainable development and human capacities in its neighbourhood, because we are one continent which needs stability and progress. Maybe this is the opportunity for a Europe-wide restart, akin to that after the second world war yet before the cold war began.

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One virus, diverse impacts: the pandemic and women in central and eastern Europe - Social Europe

Precision Medicine Software Market report has recently added by Research N Reports which helps to make informed business decisions. This research report further identifies the market segmentation along with their sub-types. Various factors are responsible for the markets growth, which are studied in detail in this research report.

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Technology has become a necessity rather than just a nice-to-have during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tasks such as shopping for groceries, booking a taxi, or ordering a takeaway have all been made easier thanks to technological advances. Despite its influence on consumer behaviours, one of the perceived downfalls of automation is the limit it has on the reliance for humans to carry out certain tasks and jobs. A debate that has, and will, rage on for quite some time.

But, as the world has been gripped by the COVID-19 pandemic, will automation continue to be a necessity as we enter the new normal and social distancing. Here we look at the role automation could play in the fight against COVID-19 and beyond.

Following the World Health Organisation reclassifying coronavirus as a global pandemic in March, cities and communities effectively turned into ghost towns. Tourist hotspots, restaurants, entertainment venues, and workplaces shut, with people instructed to stay at home.

In the UK, the job retention scheme was introduced to help ease the fears of businesses who were left to wonder how they would pay their staff and stay afloat. Originally set to last until July, the scheme has now been extended to October an indication that economic impacts of the virus will be felt for some time.

As of yet, its unknown as to whether businesses who rely on humans to come to work and carry out manual tasks will survive a post-coronavirus recession. Will it force company bigwigs to invest in automation to boost their chances of longevity and success?

In April, a study carried out by auditing firm, EY, found that nearly half of bosses in 45 countries are speeding up their plans to introduce automation, with companies such as Amazon and Ocado already using robots in customer fulfilment centres. A challenge that car manufacturers face is a reduction in available staff on their shop floors, which comes with health and safety concerns, and the need for new ecosystems to achieve efficient production. This may see a continued turn towards automation to aid the build of new vehicles.

Its almost inevitable that automation across industries will increase, both during and after COVID-19. To what extent is unknown, but it could play a key role in the way we dine at restaurants, check-in to hotels, and everything else in-between.

You may pose the question: How has coronavirus helped the environment?. In the short-term its had a positive impact, with carbon emissions dramatically falling, creating cleaner air in the process. You may have seen flamingos thriving off quieter roads and the cleaner air in Mumbai, and mountain goats making themselves at home in the streets of Llandudno. But, when this is all over, will our attitudes change, or will we just go back to travelling back-and-forward, pumping out carbon emissions and increasing our carbon footprint again?

If businesses must look at automation, will consumers look towards it when they choose their next vehicle, for example? Choosing an electric vehicle over petrol or diesel means you wont need to visit the petrol station to fill up eliminating human interaction. Plus, youll reduce your carbon emissions to zero when driving. If you have worries over social distancing, knowing that you can e-charge your car at home with the right equipment it may sway you towards a greener lifestyle.

Year-to-date data for 2020 from the Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders reveals a 131% increase in the registration of fully electric cars compared to the year previously. This shows a potential shift towards a more environmentally friendly future, one that introduces an element of automation at the same time. Manufacturers have already acknowledged this, with BMW, for example, being committed to having no less than 12 fully-electric models in their line-up over the next three-to-four years, with the German brand potentially offering an electric version of their 1 Seriesas early as 2021.

Its likely that automation will become more prominent as we move into the future, but striking the correct balance between automation and human interaction could be key in the short-term to enable economies to bounce back and communities to thrive like they did before the pandemic hit.

Sources

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52634759

https://news.sky.com/story/flamingos-enjoy-quieter-roads-and-cleaner-air-in-mumbai-11982032

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home

https://www.lookers.co.uk/bmw/new-cars/1-series

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home

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Will coronavirus lead to automation ruling over human interaction? - Open Access Government

There are a few ingredients that are always thrown around when it comes to skincare, and vitamin C is definitely one of them. As of late, the only time weve been hearing of vitamin C is in regards to our immune system. However, this ingredient is just as necessary for our skin as it is for our overall health.

The antioxidant helps to address a number of skin concerns and this is why it continues to be a dermatologists best skincare ingredient, and why its constantly found in every lotion, face cream, and serum known to man.

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient used by the body for the growth and repair of tissues. Unfortunately, the body cannot produce it on its own so the best way to get it is through supplements or your diet.

Now while you can eat your way to a healthy vitamin C intake, you cant do the same for your skin. This is because, when it comes to your skin, the topical application of vitamin C works out better than oral intake. In fact, a studypublished in Dermatologic Therapy found that the topical application of vitamin C resulted in 27 times higher levels of vitamin C in the skin than even the highest possible oral intake.

Free radicals are unstable molecules that damage cells, and in doing so, they encourage premature aging, and they may even trigger skin cancer. Being an antioxidant, vitamin C works to protect the skin by working to neutralize free radicals, thus preventingpremature aging and leaving the skin with ayounger and fresherappearance.

Loss of moisture can not only lead to dull and dry skin, but it can also accentuate the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

Vitamin C helps the skin retain moisture by supporting the skin barrier. Additionally, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is a vitamin C derivative used in skincare, and it has been shownto help hydrate the skin (1).

Vitamin C doesnt only have benefits for your skin.

Firstly, it helps to protect your locks from free radical damage (which can cause breakage and hair loss). Secondly, it helps to stimulate the production of collagen. This is an important protein that helps to keep your hair healthy. Lastly, vitamin C helps the body absorb iron, which is a necessary mineral for healthy hair growth.

As we age, the levels of collagen begin to decline and this greatly contributes to the formation of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as a loss of volume. Thankfully, vitamin C helps to stimulate the production of collagen, and in doing so, it helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

In fact, a studypublished intheClinical, Cosmetic and Investigational DermatologyJournal found that vitamin C helped to increasecollagen production among study participants in all age groups.

Whats more, its antioxidant properties help to neutralize the free radicals that speed up the breakdown of collagen.

Prolonged sun exposure and poor sun protection wont only accelerate the aging process, but it can also cause skin concerns like flakiness, redness, and sunspots.

One animal studyfound that vitamin C helped to reverse sun damage. If youre interested in human trials, a 1999 study found that a 3-month vitamin C treatment helped participants withmild to moderately photo-damaged skin. In fact, they experienced a significant improvement in skin tone and roughness. As of this writing, there are not any recent human trials looking at vitamin C and sun damage.

Hyperpigmentation happens when the body produces too much melanin in certain areas of the skin. This leaves you with unwanted brown spots and discoloration. That said, if you have concerns about uneven skin tone, vitamin C has been found to address the overproduction of melanin.

According to astudypublished intheJournal of Drugs and Dermatology,participants noticed a73%improvement in skin pigmentation after using vitamin C.

When it comes to buying an effective vitamin C beauty product, there are a few things that you need to remember.

Vitamin C comes in various forms, yet L-ascorbic acid has been found to be the most stable and effective form. That said, when shopping for products, make sure that they list L-ascorbic acid as an ingredient.

For instance, the Skinceuticals CE Ferulic serumcontains 15% L-ascorbic acid and its been found to improve the appearance of wrinkles and appearance.

The concentration of vitamin C also plays a role with research showing that a concentration higher than 8 but lower than 20 is quite effective (2). Take the Exuviance AF Vitamin C20 Serum Capsuleswhich contain 20% L-ascorbic acid and have been found to effectively address skin concerns such as sun damage and dullness.

Vitamin C breaks down when its exposed to light or air. Its important that any product you purchase comes in a dark glass bottle.

The LOral Revitalift Derm Intensive Vitamin C Serumcomes in the form of a metal tube, which helps to keep the product stable, ensuring that it delivers great benefits to your skin.

Store your product in a cool, dark place and away from extreme heat. Additionally, if you notice that the product has become yellow or brown, this means that its been oxidized and is likely going to be less effective.

Vitamin C is more effective if its paired with complementary ingredients, particularly vitamin E and ferulic acid.Ferulic acid has been found to stabilize the powerhouse ingredientwhereas vitamin E helps to boost antioxidant protection.

Paulas Choice Resist C15 Super Boosternot only contains vitamins C and E, as well as ferulic acid, but it also contains peptides, which helps to boost your skin health.

If you have sensitive skin, its best to start with a lower concentration. Reach out to your dermatologist to find a product that is best suited for your skin type.

That said, its also advisable to not use vitamin C and retinol at the same time. This can cause irritation. Rather, use vitamin C products in the morning and retinoids at night.

As lockdown regulations lift, more and more of us are making our way outside. So, for those still battling with skin concerns, these post-lockdown buys will not only prep your skin for the outside, but theyll also help to address skin issues brought on by being stuck indoors all day.

Al-Niaimi, F., & Chiang, N. (2017). The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology,10(7), 1417.

Burke, K. E. (2007). Interaction of vitamins C and E as better cosmeceuticals.Dermatologic therapy,20(5), 314-321.

Crisan, D., Roman, I., Crisan, M., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K., & Badea, R. (2015). Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology,8, 463470. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S84903

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). Nutrients,9(8), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080866

Telang P. S. (2013). Indian dermatology online journal,4(2), 143146. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.110593

Traikovich, S. S. (1999). Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography.Archives of otolaryngologyhead & neck surgery,125(10), 1091-1098.

Zussman, J., Ahdout, J., & Kim, J. (2010). Vitamins and photoaging: do scientific data support their use?.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,63(3), 507525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.037

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Vitamin C : Beauty Benefits of This Anti-Aging Powerhouse Ingredient - Longevity LIVE

Bats which are the carrier of deadly viruses that affect humans like Ebola, rabies, and possibly the SARS-CoV-2 strain of virus that causes coronavirus. However, these viruses have not killed bats but humans. Also Read - Lockdown Extension: As India's COVID Tally Surges to Nearly 8.5 Lakh, Many Cities Come Under Shutdown | Check State-wise Picture Here

Bats are remarkably able to tolerate viruses, and, additionally, live much longer than similar-sized land mammals. What are the secrets to their longevity and virus resistance? Also Read - Maharashtra Lockdown News: Latur City to be Under Fortnight-long 'Strict' Shutdown From Midnight of July 15 | Guidelines Soon

According to researchers at the University of Rochester in the US, bats longevity and capacity to tolerate viruses may stem from their ability to control inflammation, which is a hallmark of disease and aging. Also Read - Kashmir Lockdown News: Another Phase of Shutdown in Srinagar From Monday, Authorities Seal Lal Chowk And Other 67 Areas | Know Here

In a study published in the journal Cell Metabolism, biology professors Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov described the mechanisms underlying bats unique abilities and how these mechanisms may hold clues to developing new treatments for diseases in humans.

There may be a very strong connection between bats resistance to infectious diseases and their longevity. We also realised that bats can provide clues to human therapies used to fight diseases, said Gorbunova.

The scientists, along with colleague Brian Kennedy, director of the Centre for Healthy Aging at the National University of Singapore, got to talking about bats.

Unlike humans, bats have developed specific mechanisms that reduce viral replication and also dampen the immune response to a virus.

The result is a beneficial balance: their immune systems control viruses but at the same time, do not mount a strong inflammatory response.

Another factor may be their environment.

Many species of bats live in large, dense colonies, and hang close together on cave ceilings or in trees. Those conditions are ideal for transmitting viruses and other pathogens.

Bats are constantly exposed to viruses. They are always flying out and bringing back something new to the cave or nest, and they transfer the virus because they live in such close proximity to each other, said Seluanov.

Because bats are constantly exposed to viruses, their immune systems are in a perpetual arms race with pathogens.

Usually the strongest driver of new traits in evolution is an arms race with pathogens. Dealing with all of these viruses may be shaping bats immunity and longevity.

However, the study does not suggest for humans to toss their masks and crowd together in restaurants and movie theatres.

Evolution takes place over thousands of years, rather than a few months.

While humans may be developing social habits that parallel those of bats, we have not yet evolved bats sophisticated mechanisms to combat viruses as they emerge and swiftly spread.

The consequences may be that our bodies experience more inflammation, said Gorbunova.

Studying bats immune systems will provide new targets for human therapies to fight diseases and aging, said researchers.

For example, bats have mutated or completely eliminated several genes involved in inflammation; scientists can develop drugs to inhibit these genes in humans.

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Bats Have Allegedly Carried Deadly Coronavirus But Not Succumbed to it Because of THIS reason - India.com

Batsthe only flying mammalsare highly mobile, constantly bringing new pathogens into their communities. According to University of Rochester biologists, thats one reason they have evolved to have immunity to so many viruses that plague humans, who have only recently (in evolutionary terms) come to be highly mobile and more likely to live in densely populated centers.

To combat COVID-19, we need to regulate our immune systems to resemble those of bats.

Bats are often considered patient zero for many deadly viruses affecting humans, including Ebola, rabies, and, most recently, the SARS-CoV-2 strain of virus that causes coronavirus.

Although humans experience adverse symptoms when afflicted with these pathogens, bats are remarkably able to tolerate viruses, and, additionally, live much longer than similar-sized land mammals.

What are the secrets to their longevity and virus resistance?

According to researchers at the University of Rochester, bats longevity and capacity to tolerate viruses may stem from their ability to control inflammation, which is a hallmark of disease and aging. In a review article published in the journal Cell Metabolism, the researchersincluding Rochester biology professors Vera GorbunovaandAndrei Seluanovoutline the mechanisms underlying bats unique abilities and how these mechanisms may hold clues to developing new treatments for diseases in humans.

The idea for the paper came about when Gorbunova and Seluanov, who are married, were in Singapore in March before COVID-19 travel bans began. When the virus started to spread and Singapore went into lockdown, they were quarantined at the home of their colleague Brian Kennedy, director of the Centre for Healthy Aging at the National University of Singapore and co-author of the paper.

The three scientists, all experts on longevity in mammals, got to talking about bats. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have originated in bats before the virus was transmitted to humans. Although bats were carriers, they seemed to be unaffected by the virus. Another perplexing factor: generally, a species lifespan correlates with its body mass; the smaller a species, the shorter its lifespan, and vice versa. Many bat species, however, have lifespans of 30 to 40 years, which is impressive for their size.

Weve been interested in longevity and disease resistance in bats for a while, but we didnt have the time to sit and think about it, says Gorbunova, the Doris Johns Cherry Professor of Biology at Rochester. Being in quarantine gave us time to discuss this, and we realized there may be a very strong connection between bats resistance to infectious diseases and their longevity. We also realized that bats can provide clues to human therapies used to fight diseases.

While there have been studies on the immune responses of bats and studies of bats longevity, until their article, no one has combined these two phenomena, Seluanov says.

Gorbunova and Seluanov have studied longevity and disease resistance in other exceptionally long-lived animals, including naked mole rats. One common theme in their research is that inflammation is a hallmark of the aging process and age-related diseases, including cancer, Alzheimers, and cardiovascular disease. Viruses, including COVID-19, are one factor that can trigger inflammation.

With COVID-19, the inflammation goes haywire, and it may be the inflammatory response that is killing the patient, more so than the virus itself, Gorbunova says. The human immune system works like that: once we get infected, our body sounds an alarm and we develop a fever and inflammation. The goal is to kill the virus and fight infection, but it can also be a detrimental response as our bodies overreact to the threat.

Not so with bats. Unlike humans, bats have developed specific mechanisms that reduce viral replication and also dampen the immune response to a virus. The result is a beneficial balance: their immune systems control viruses but at the same time, do not mount a strong inflammatory response.

According to the researchers, there are several factors that may contribute to bats having evolved to fight viruses and live long lives. One factor may be driven by flight. Bats are the only mammals with the ability to fly, which requires that they adapt to rapid increases in body temperature, sudden surges in metabolism, and molecular damage. These adaptations may also assist in disease resistance.

Another factor may be their environment. Many species of bats live in large, dense colonies, and hang close together on cave ceilings or in trees. Those conditions are ideal for transmitting viruses and other pathogens.

Bats are constantly exposed to viruses, Seluanov says. They are always flying out and bringing back something new to the cave or nest, and they transfer the virus because they live in such close proximity to each other.

Because bats are constantly exposed to viruses, their immune systems are in a perpetual arms race with pathogens: a pathogen will enter the organism, the immune system will evolve a mechanism to combat the pathogen, the pathogen will evolve again, and so on.

Usually the strongest driver of new traits in evolution is an arms race with pathogens, Gorbunova says. Dealing with all of these viruses may be shaping bats immunity and longevity.

Thats not an invitation for humans to toss their masks and crowd together in restaurants and movie theaters. Evolution takes place over thousands of years, rather than a few months. It has only been in recent history that a majority of the human population has begun living in close proximity in cities. Or that technology has enabled rapid mobility and travel across continents and around the globe. While humans may be developing social habits that parallel those of bats, we have not yet evolved bats sophisticated mechanisms to combat viruses as they emerge and swiftly spread.

The consequences may be that our bodies experience more inflammation, Gorbunova says.

The researchers also recognize that agingseems to play an adverse role in humans reactions to COVID-19.

COVID-19 has such a different pathogenesis in older people, Gorbunova says. Age is one of the most critical factors between living and dying. We have to treat aging as a whole process instead of just treating individual symptoms.

The researchers anticipate that studying bats immune systems will provide new targets for human therapies to fight diseases and aging. For example, bats have mutated or completely eliminated several genes involved in inflammation; scientists can develop drugs to inhibit these genes in humans. Gorbunova and Seluanov hope to start a new research program at Rochester to work toward that goal.

Humans have two possible strategies if we want to prevent inflammation, live longer, and avoid the deadly effects of diseases like COVID-19, Gorbunova says. One would be to not be exposed to any viruses, but thats not practical. The second would be to regulate our immune system more like a bat.

Reference: The World Goes Bats: Living Longer and Tolerating Viruses by Vera Gorbunova, Andrei Seluanov and Brian K. Kennedy, 7 July 2020, Cell Metabolism.DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.013

See the rest here:
Bats Offer Clues to Treating COVID-19 Secrets to Longevity and Disease Tolerance - SciTechDaily

Those unfamiliar with Frank Herberts novel Dune might be wondering whats up with the giant sandworm in the first trailer for Denis Villeneuves Dune. Turns out this mysterious critter is secretly the movies main character or at least the alien beast who first set its great conflict in motion. Heres what you need to know about the planet Arrakis, and the giant monstrosities known as the Shai-Hulud.

Sandworms are native to the desert planet of Arrakis, and cant be found anywhere else in the fictional galaxy created by Herbert. First described in the novel Dune, published in 1965, the sandworm were Herberts take on the archetypical beast, like the dragon in Beowulf. Dropping them on to a desert planet was born from his interest in environmental science.

The interdependence in our own environment is quite sketchy, he said in a 1969 conversation with The Dune Encyclopedia author Willis E. McNelly, but we do know this: to create large bodies of sand, dust, whatnot, you need water, so Ive set up multitudes of creatures who substitute for this [...] And I postulated that in one vector of their life circle, water is poison to them. We see this sort of thing on planet Earth right now where a creature can live in one environment, in one vector, but that environment will kill it in another vector. The anopheles mosquito is a good example.

Another of the creatures closest analogue is the annelid, a phylum that also includes the common earthworm. Like the common earthworm, the sandworms in Dune have segmented bodies and are fairly robust. Break off one of the segments, Herbert said, and sand worms can go on living. The only way to kill one is by electrocuting each segment individually, or by hitting the whole thing with a nuclear weapon.

Of course, unlike the varieties of annelid that you might use to bait fishing hooks, sandworms are a lot bigger. The largest portrayed in the original novel is more than 9,000 feet long and several hundred feet in diameter. Youd need a fishing pole at least as long as a Ningi is wide just to cast one off. Incidentally, theyre attracted to vibrations, making driving or even walking on Arrakis sandy surface particularly dangerous. Thats why most folks prefer to travel by ornithopter.

The Fremen human natives of Arrakis dont have ornithopters, however. Theyve adapted to life with sandworms nonetheless. They tend to settle in rocky outcroppings where sandworms cant penetrate. They also employ a seismic device known as a thumper to distract the creatures when the need arises.

Oh. The fremen also ride on sandworms.

Once on the surface, they use a wedge-like device called a maker hook to force a gap between two segments. That lets sand in, irritating the worm and preventing it from diving back down below the surface. With enough hooks the fremen can actually drive a sand worm around like a bus. Its a great way to head into battle especially when you and your friends are armed with giant blades called crysknives, made from the sandworms nearly indestructible crystalline teeth.

Are you grossed out yet? Well, Ive got one more detail for you before you go.

As part of the sandworm life cycle, the creatures larvae produce a substance known as melange. Also called spice, it just happens to be the most important substance in the galaxy. The highly-addictive stuff both tastes and smells like cinnamon. Pound enough of it and it will give you prescience, longevity, and preternaturally blue eyes. Hang out in a tank of it for most of your natural life and you can move spaceships across the vastness of space using only your mind.

Not bad for worm poop. Not bad at all.

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Dune: The giant sandworm, explained - Polygon

The Cellular Reprogramming Tools market study Added by Market Study Report provides an in-depth analysis pertaining to potential drivers fueling this industry. The study also encompasses valuable insights about profitability prospects, market size, growth dynamics, and revenue estimation of the business vertical. The study further draws attention to the competitive backdrop of renowned market contenders including their product offerings and business strategies.

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A rundown of the competitive spectrum:

Key Players

Some examples of key participants operating at the global level include Celgene Corporation, BIOTIME, INC., Human Longevity Inc., Advanced Cell Technology Inc, Mesoblast, STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Osiris Therapeutics Inc., Cynata, Astellas Pharma Inc., FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation, EVOTEC, Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd and some others.

The research report on cellular reprogramming tools market presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. It also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report on cellular reprogramming tools market provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geographies, application, and industry.

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Report on Cellular Reprogramming tools market includes regional analysis:

The report on cellular reprogramming tools market is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.

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The report encompasses, in minute detail, information regarding the products manufactured by every company of Cellular Reprogramming Tools market, product specifications, as well as their application scope.

The report is also inclusive the price patterns and the gross margins of the industry magnates.

The revenue and market share accumulated by every region has been enumerated in the report, in addition to the sales forecast and the volume.

The present status of the regional markets in this business sphere in addition to the prospects that every region holds in Cellular Reprogramming Tools market in the years to come has been provided.

The projected growth rate of every region in Cellular Reprogramming Tools market over the forecast timeline has also been discussed about.

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An outline of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market segmentation:

The report elucidates the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market in terms of the product landscape, split into Medical Service and Medicine Marketing.

Details regarding the revenue amassed by every product in tandem with the volume share have been enlisted.

The market share accumulated by every product in Cellular Reprogramming Tools market has been specified as well.

The report is inclusive of the application landscape of this industry, segmented into Hospitals and Clinics.

The study encompasses the revenue that every application segment accounts for, as well as the volume and market share of the application.

We offer tailor-made solutions to fit your requirements, request[emailprotected] https://www.futuremarketinsights.co/customization-available/REP-GB-11499

The Cellular Reprogramming Tools market report enumerates quite some details about the factors impacting the industry, influence of technological developments on the vertical, risks, as well as the threats that substitutes present to the industry players. In addition, information about the changing preferences and needs of consumers in conjunction with the impact of the shifting dynamics of the economic and political scenario on the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market has also been acknowledged in the study.

Highlights of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market report:

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Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market to Witness a Robust CAGR Growth Between 2020-2030 - Bulletin Line

Covid-19 has dealt a massive blow to most industries fashion and textile being no exception. As countries continue to experiment with lockdowns and the demand for apparel and textiles shrinks, several major international retailers such as Primark and Forever 21 have taken the decision to postpone or cancel orders. In some cases, they have even refused to pay for clothing which had already been manufactured. For a country like Pakistan, which relies on a large chunk of its exports being from the apparel and textile sector, the effects of cancelled and delayed payments can be and have been devastating. Thousands of garment factory workers will be laid off, with most having to return to their hometowns empty-handed and without hope of immediate employment.

This is a grim reality, but in some ways one could see this coming. The fashion industry has been on a trajectory of human rights violations and environmental degradation for quite some time now; the Covid-19 crisis has only made it more obvious, and brought the gross inequalities that persist in the labour market to the forefront.

The global fashion industry is the second highest user of water worldwide, generating 20 per cent of global water waste and is responsible for 8.1 per cent of greenhouse gases produced annually. Thats a lot of damage, especially at a time when scientists and activists world over are doing their best to avert the impending climate crisis.

So now that we can no longer feign ignorance, whats the best way forward?

The answer may lie in sustainability.

According to Kate Heiny, Director for Sustainability at Zalando SE, nine out of 10 Generation Z consumers believe that companies have a responsibility to address environmental and social issues.

"We see a clear link between sustainability and continued commercial success. Our sustainability ambitions will help us stay ahead of customer demand after this crisis caused by the coronavirus. Both our current and future customer base are calling for more sustainable choices in fashion."

While there is no exact definition for the term 'sustainable fashion', it is widely believed to be an amalgamation of environmental, social and financial integrity.

Most businesses put profits at the forefront of their strategy at the cost of human and environmental rights, but sustainable business models consider the profits, people, and planet to be equally important. Special attention is paid towards the quality and longevity of the garments produced, as well as towards the people who are a part of producing it. In addition, a thorough check and balance is placed throughout all stages of the supply chain, including outsourced vendors.

"We work as a community, so I don't quote or dictate the prices," says Waqar J. Khan of Nasheman a local sustainable fashion brand.

"We explain the kind of work we require, and the artisans then quote us a timeline and a price. We plan the rest accordingly."

Before deciding to work with the artisans, Waqar spent a whole week in their village talking to them about how they work as well as their way of life. And as he was speaking to me, Waqar expressed the importance of identifying and understanding not only the strengths of a particular community of artisans, but also its limitations.

"We need to understand that artisans often reside in places with a lack of modern facilities, and have developed their own systems for working efficiently. Our job is to build a partnership based on trust and respect, which ends up being mutually beneficial."

Amneh Shaikh of Polly and Other Stories shares a touching anecdote to emphasise the importance of treating employees as the unique individuals that they are, rather than a means to an end.

"I met Seher* around seven years ago, while working for a project where she used to do handicraft work for her neighbours and occasionally for a factory near her home. When she joined our project, the elders in her community branded her as a 'bad' woman for working outside the house. She persisted nevertheless. Fast forward to now, her daughter is a teacher, she herself runs a business and brings work for 25 other women in her community. It is a transformative story.

Now that I meet her, she says my name is Seher and I am a leader. It makes me want to cry because I remember seven years ago when I met her she used to say 'baaji, I cant do this, and this, and not even that'. Now she doesnt only believe that she can do all the things she was once afraid she couldn't, she believes she can lead others to do them too. Thats how far long-term commitment takes you."

Pakistan is home to centuries old craft techniques and a rich cultural heritage; this combined with its significant artisan base can make it a hub for slow and sustainable fashion. However, we still see our local high-street brands failing to support or respect our craftsmen.

The success of international fast fashion brands such as Zara and H&M has turned the local fashion industry on its head in the past decade. Instead of cultivating our strengths, we have joined the race of over-consumption and disposability. Consequently, our artisans end up as collateral damage in the war between craftsmanship and consumerism.

The irony is that while we chase the success of international fast fashion brands, these same brands are now adopting a more sustainable direction.

H&M plans to transition to 100% sustainable cotton by 2020, according to its 2018 annual report. Similarly, Zara has pledged to create collections out of 100% sustainable cottons and linens and 100% recycled polyester, with zero landfill waste from its facilities.

Even luxury brands are becoming more conscious, with Gucci's creative director Alessandro Michele taking to his instagram to announce that they will be doing two shows per year rather than five. And Michele is not the only one.

In his open letter to fashion-industry trade journal WWD, Giorgio Armani urges us to "slow everything down, to realign everything, to draw a more authentic and true horizon. No more spectacularisation, no more waste."

He further says that, "The moment we are going through is turbulent, but it offers us the unique opportunity to fix what is wrong, to remove the superfluous, to find a more human dimension"

Only time will tell if changes in the international fashion fraternity are motivated by authenticity and the greater good or if its just prudent decision-making based on consumer trends and the predicted recession.

But something needs to change.

Ideally, every fashion brand would produce eco-friendly garments made by people who are treated with respect and paid fair wages. However, the prices of ethically produced garments often end up being too steep for the average consumer.

The 2019 Nosto Sustainability in Fashion Retail survey found that "over half (52%) of consumers in the UK and US want the fashion industry to become more sustainable, with calls for reduced packaging and fair pay for workers among their top demands. But only 29% of these consumers say they will pay more for sustainably-made versions of the same items."

In order for slow fashion to become part of the mainstream, the government as well as the local fashion industry will need to be part of this shift in strategy. Our brands need to do more than just make 'eco-friendly' bags once a year. If they want to be on the right side of history, they must develop sustainable policies that can be implemented across product development, supply chain, and human resource management.

We are all aware that the old normal doesnt exist anymore, and in its place we are left with crumbling older systems. This may be the perfect time to build a newer, better normal.

But will the local audience agree to it?

Waqar believes that internationally things have been changing since a while, and will continue to change.

"The local market will be slower," he says. "Local consumers dont have much for entertainment other than shopping. If people stop buying less it will be due to the oncoming recession, rather than a shift towards sustainability."

Amaneh thinks along similar lines. She says that instead of four to five collections per season, she will have less as due to the recession consumers will not have the capacity to buy so much.

"The market forces are going to force everybody to slow down," she adds.

Ultimately, every kind of progress takes time, and while Covid-19 has become a massive hindrance to our way of life, it has also forced us to rethink our priorities. It will take a thorough systematic change for the fledgling sustainable fashion industry in Pakistan to survive in the long run. Until then, it's up to us to decide if we are willing to pay the true cost of what we wear.

Read more:
Sustainable fashion in the aftermath of Covid-19 - Prism - DAWN.COM - DAWN.com

What if you could age slower and maintain your ability to be active and enjoy your family well into your 70s or 80s or beyond? What if you could delay the onset of chronic disease by almost a decade? Well, that is no longer a dream. Thanks to advances in the science of aging and chronic disease, we know that there are things that you can do now to impact your health and, perhaps, your longevity.

Lets start our discussion by diving into some of the basic science related to prolongation of a healthy lifespan. Dont worry, we are going to start with a video and its going to be fun.

First, check out this very entertaining short TED talk by Cynthia Kenyon who is a top scientist at the University of California at San Francisco Medical School. Then come back to this post for an expanded discussion.

The importance of Dr. Kenyons work and that of contemporary aging researchers is that they showed, for the first time, that aging and age-related chronic diseases arent things that just happen to us. [1] They are, in fact, related to an evolutionarily-conserved complex, highly regulated, and interconnected series of biochemical pathways.

Central to these pathways is a molecule called mTOR which stands for mechanistic Target of Rapamycin. It is so-named because rapamycin, a naturally occurring substance, inhibits the many of the activities of mTOR triggering a variety of metabolic and clinical outcomes. The most well-known of which is the extension of healthy lifespan.[2, 3]

mTOR exists as a complex of proteins called mTOR complex or mTORC. There are actually two different forms mTORC known as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Activation of the complexes occurs via different pathways. Once activated the mTOR complexes, in turn, activate or inhibit pathways critical to cell function. [2, 3]

mTORC1 and 2 are activated or inactivated depending on the availability of nutrients in the cells environment (e.g., glucose, amino acids and various growth factors). In fact, you can think of mTORC as integrating and responding to the energy status of the cells environment.

When times are good and energy, oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors is plentiful, mTORC1 is activated and stimulates metabolic pathways that lead to growth. When times are tough, those pathways are suppressed and the pathways related to survival are activated.

Here are some of the cellular functions mTORC1 regulates [2,4]:

The last two functions are inhibited when energy, nutrients, and growth factors are plentiful.

mTORC2 is activated by insulin and growth factors. [2,4] It regulates the following:

Rapamycin inhibits most but not all of the activities of mTORC1. However, it does not inhibit mTORC2 in the short run. There is some evidence that chronic administration of rapamycin, however, can inhibit mTORC2.[4] Further, there are important feedback pathways between mTORC1 and mTORC2.

Living organisms on our planet are subject to varying availability of nutrients and other sources of energy. In order to survive, they must be able to sample the energy availability in their surroundings and adjust accordingly.

mTOR-linked pathways provide that mechanism. Receptors found in cell membranes have both an external-facing component and an internal-facing component. The external component binds to nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, oxygen, and various growth factors. As described above, this leads to the activation or inactivation of different intermediate proteins that ultimately activate or inhibit mTOR.

For example, during times of energetic stress, a protein known as AMPK is activated. This in turn inhibits mTORC1 and leads to activation or inhibition of other intermediate compounds. The result is a state of cellular activity that favors prolongation of lifespan.[5]

Although the pathways are incompletely understood, it is of note that dietary restriction a self-induced famine in a way is also associated with longevity.[5] We must remember, though, because of complex feedback loops, the ability to prolong lifespan via these mechanisms is not limitless.

On the other hand, during times of plenty, the availability of glucose increases. In addition to reducing the activation of AMPK, it also triggers the release of the hormone insulin and insulin-like growth factor). This leads to mTOR activation and creation of a state that favors growth and development including such things as elevated lipid levels that favor the development of chronic diseases.

Understanding the molecular biology of the mTOR pathways has some very practical applications. For example, as we have already pointed out, restricting calories is associated with reduced levels of some factors that inhibit mTORC1 and is associated with lifespan extension.[5] Intermittent fastingand exercise also reduce mTOR activity.

Also, restricting carbohydrates in people with Type 2 diabetes is known to lower blood glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 levels. The benefits of this type of diet does not require weight loss, although many do lose weight with carbohydrate restriction. [6] In fact, some experts have called for dietary carbohydrate restriction to be the first intervention prescribed in diabetes management. [6]

The prevailing American high-carbohydrate, high-fat fast-food diet, on the other hand, drives extra calorie intake and as well as higher levels of the factors that activate mTORC1. This, unfortunately, leads to metabolic conditions that accelerate the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart artery problems.[6]

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for Type 2 diabetes. It interferes with the same signaling pathways that we have been discussing. Specifically, it leads to the reduction of glucose, IGF-1, insulin levels. This, in turn, leads to inhibition of mTORC1. This results in a metabolic state that favors important health outcomes, such as:

Further, the drug has been proven to be safe with relatively few serious side effects. And, it is cheap, making it accessible even for people without health insurance.

Metformin is the also first drug approved by the FDA to enter a clinical trial to assess its effect on prolongation of a healthy lifespan. According to American Association for Aging Research, the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) trials are a series of nationwide, six-year clinical trials at 14 leading research institutions across the country that will engage over 3,000 individuals between the ages of 65-79.

These trials will test whether those taking metformin experience delayed development or progression of age-related chronic diseasessuch as heart disease, cancer, and dementia.

As mentioned, the drug rapamycin inhibits mTORC1 activity and is associated with a prolonged lifespan. However, systemic rapamycin has unacceptable side effects, so its use is limited in humans.

It is used, however, for local applications. One example is the use of Sirolimus (the brand name of rapamycin) in early versions of drug-eluting stents (DES) used to treat coronary artery disease. [7]

More recently, scientists have modified rapamycin to create less toxic forms of the drug. They are known as rapalogs. These include everolimus, zotarolimus, and biolimus. Together with improved stent platform materials, the use of these DESs have been shown to lower thrombotic events related to the stents. [8]

There are a number of drugs that are used for cardiovascular disease that specifically impact the mTORC pathways by various mechanisms. For example, lisinopril (ACE inhibitor), losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker), atorvastatin (statin), and eplerenone (mineralocorticoid receptor blocker) all reduce oxidative particle formation. Indirectly, this lead to the inhibition of mTORC.

This, as we know, leads to metabolic changes that favor healthy aging. These effects on the mTOR-related signaling pathways may be the reason why these medications lower the risk of heart attack and stroke more than they reduce the target risk factors of blood pressure, lipid, and glucose levels.

On the other hand, tobacco smoke increases oxidative stress and favors the activation of mTORC pathways. This may eventually lead to Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) and lung cancer.

Interfering with this core signaling is a form of precision medicine that impacts the molecular biology that causes cardiovascular disease, cancer, and accelerated aging. These medications are antioxidants that work.

Here is the most shocking insight. The same core signaling that causes accelerated aging, chronic disease, and ultimately death is essential to produce a perfectly developed newborn. At the moment of conception, there is a single cell that will ultimately become all the cells in the body with their vastly different functions.

The DNA for every cell in your body is the same. Epigenetic regulation determines which genes are turned on or off in a particular cell type. For example, normal EGFR function is necessary to establish pregnancy successfully at the very beginning of life. However, it contributes to chronic disease development later.

Angiotensin II is required to form a normal fetal kidney, but inappropriate activation later in life contributes to developing hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure.

mTOR activation via nutrient sensing and growth factor signaling in the fetus directs a master symphony of switching genes on in just the right place, at just the right time, with just the right intensity for an exact amount of time to produce a perfect infant.

However, the same genes that are essential to coordinate normal development cause disease and death with chaotic activation later.

The human genome project did not give us the answers for accelerated aging and common chronic diseases. These problems are caused by normal genes that are inappropriately switched on later in life by things like aging, unhealthy diets, and tobacco smoke.

Specific highly effective generic medications with few side effects can block the signaling from those genes and lead to dramatically better clinical outcomes at a lower cost. Caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise, and the specific medications mentioned all impact the same signaling.

New science, new systems, and new payment models can improve our health at a lower cost. All the necessary elements are available. It is time to bring the stakeholders together and get started.

2. Papadopoli D, Boulay K, Kazak L, et al. mTOR as a central regulator of lifespan and aging [version 1; peer-review: 3 approved] latest versions as of 07/27/20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611156/pdf/f1000research-8-18802.pdf

3. Weichhart T. mTOR as regulator of lifespan, aging and cellular senescence. Gerontology. (2018) 64(2):127-134.

4. Samidurai A, Kukreja R, Das A. Emerging role of mTOR signaling-related miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Volume 2018, Article II6141902, 23 pages https//:doi.org/10.1155/2018/6141902.

5. Longo V, Antebi A, Bartke A, et al. Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready? Aging Cell (2015) 14, 497-510.

6. Feinman R, Pogozelski W, Astrup, A, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the f first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base. Nutrition(2015) 31:1-13.

7. Serruys P, Regar E, Carter A. Rapamycin eluting stent: the onset of a new era in interventional cardiology.Heart(2002) 87:305-305.

8. Im E, Hong, M-K. Drug-eluting stents to prevent stent thrombosis and restenosis (2016) 14(1):87-104

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mTOR and the Science of Aging and Chronic Disease - The Doctor Weighs In

July 23, 2020 For the first time, the raw genetic material that codes for bats unique adaptations and superpowers such as the ability to fly, to use sound to move effortlessly in complete darkness, to survive and tolerate deadly diseases, to resist ageing and cancer has been fully revealed.

Bat1K (Bat1K.com), a global consortium of scientists dedicated to sequencing the genomes of every one of the 1421 living bat species, has generated and analyzed six highly accurate bat genomes that are ten times more complete than any bat genome published to date, in order to uncover bats unique traits.

Given these exquisite bat genomes, we can now better understand how bats tolerate viruses, slow down ageing, and have evolved flight and echolocation. These genomes are the tools needed to identify the genetic solutions evolved in bats that ultimately could be harnessed to alleviate human ageing and disease, Emma Teeling, University College Dublin, Co-Founding Director of Bat1K and Senior Author.

To generate these exquisite bat genomes, the team used the newest technologies of the DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, a shared technology resource in Dresden, to sequence the bats DNA, and generated new methods to assemble these pieces into the correct order and to identify the genes present.

Using the latest DNA sequencing technologies and new computing methods for such data, we have 96 to 99 percent of each bat genome in chromosome level reconstructions an unprecedented quality akin to for example the current human genome reference which is the result of over a decade of intensive finishing efforts. As such, these bat genomes provide a superb foundation for experimentation and evolutionary studies of bats fascinating abilities and physiological properties Eugene Myers, Director of Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, and the Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany, Senior Author.

Relationship to other mammals

The team compared these bat genomes against 42 other mammals to address the unresolved question of where bats are located within the mammalian tree of life. Using novel phylogenetic methods and comprehensive molecular data sets, the team found the strongest support for bats being most closely related to a group called Ferreuungulata that consists of carnivores (which includes dogs, cats and seals, among other species), pangolins, whales and ungulates (hooved mammals).

To uncover genomic changes that contribute to the unique adaptations found in bats, the team systematically searched for gene differences between bats and other mammals, identifying regions of the genome that have evolved differently in bats and the loss and gain of genes that may drive bats unique traits.

Our genome scans revealed changes in hearing genes that may contribute to echolocation, which bats use to hunt and navigate in complete darkness. Furthermore, we found expansions of anti-viral genes, unique selection on immune genes, and loss of genes involved in inflammation in bats. These changes may contribute to bats exceptional immunity and points to their tolerance of coronaviruses. Michael Hiller, Max Planck Research Group Leader, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, and the Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Senior Author.

Tolerance against viruses

The team also found evidence that bats ability to tolerate viruses is reflected in their genomes. The exquisite genomes revealed fossilised viruses, evidence of surviving past viral infections, and showed that bat genomes contained a higher diversity than other species providing a genomic record of historical tolerance to viral infection.

Given the quality of the bat genomes the team uniquely identified and experimentally validated several non-coding regulatory regions that may govern bats key evolutionary innovations.

Having such complete genomes allowed us to identify regulatory regions that control gene expression that are unique to bats. Importantly we were able to validate unique bat microRNAs in the lab to show their consequences for gene regulation. In the future we can use these genomes to understand how regulatory regions and epigenomics contributed to the extraordinary adaptations we see in bats, says Sonja Vernes, Co-Founding Director Bat 1K, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Senior Author.

This is just a beginning. The remaining ~1400 living bat species exhibit an incredible diversity in ecology, longevity, sensory perception and immunology, and numerous questions still remain regarding the genomic basis of these spectacular features. Bat1K will answer these questions as more and more exquisite bat genomes are sequenced, further uncovering the genetic basis of bats rare and wonderful superpowers.

SEE ORIGINAL STUDY: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2486-3

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The genetic basis of bats superpowers revealed - YubaNet

Mars is the most explored planet in the solar system other than Earth. With all of our robotic visitors there, weve discovered that it is a world far too dry, cold and irradiated to support the scheming humanoids or tentacled invaders once imagined by science fiction.

But our trips to Mars have opened a window into the deep past of the red planet, when conditions were far more conducive to life.

This summer, NASA will launch its latest rover, Perseverance, on a seventh-month journey to Mars. Like its predecessor, Curiosity, Perseverance will touch down in the remains of an ancient Martian lake bed. What it finds there along with missions launched by China and the United Arab Emirates could help us Earthlings understand what Mars was like as a young planet some four billion years ago, and whether life ever blossomed on its surface.

Its a serene image: A river flowing into an expansive lake that fills a crater basin. Waves lapping at the shoreline; sediment piling into a delta. A lake bed caked with clay.

This is the type of aquatic environment that might support life, and it was once a familiar sight on Mars.

The evidence for the lakes and rivers is incontrovertible, said Ken Farley, project scientist on Perseverance and a geochemist at the California Institute of Technology.

Although Mars was once a wet planet, there is substantial debate about the origins, extent and life span of its long-lost bodies of water.

For instance, early Mars might have been warmed by the gassy belches of active volcanoes, which thickened its atmosphere and caused Martian permafrost to melt. Cataclysmic asteroid impacts might have also unleashed 900-foot mega-tsunamis that flooded the planets terrain. Theres even disputed evidence that an ocean once covered its northern lowlands.

Was it weird, short, transient events, or was there an ocean? Dr. Farley said. I would say theres no consensus. Theres a lot of ideas out there, and we really need a lot more data to sort it out.

One major question concerns the longevity of Mars liquid water. Nobody knows how much time is required for life to emerge on a planet, including on Earth. But the odds of life forming get better the longer that stable bodies of water persist.

During Curiositys eight-year journey across Gale Crater, an ancient lake bed, the rover discovered sediments that suggest water was present for at least a few million years. Curiosity also detected organic compounds, key ingredients for life as we know it.

What weve learned from Curiosity suggests that Mars was habitable, said Dawn Sumner, a planetary geologist at the University of California, Davis, and a member of the Curiosity science team.

Of course, habitable does not necessarily mean inhabited. The surface of Mars is exposed to damaging solar and cosmic radiation, which could have reduced the odds of complex, multicellular life ever forming.

If life did exist on Mars, there would be a strong evolutionary force toward being resistant to radiation, Dr. Sumner said.

There are microbial extremophiles on Earth that can endure intense radiation, often healing their own DNA on the fly. So its not far-fetched to imagine that there might be Martian microbes that could tolerate an onslaught of radiation. Plus, they may have been able to retreat underground if conditions became particularly hostile at the surface.

The big lesson about life, from the revolution of being able to use DNA, is life is able to go everywhere, Dr. Farley said. It is amazing. It will fill every niche it can get itself into, and it will do it in a relatively short period of time.

The bygone oases of Mars are now mirages of a distant past, and modern Mars is a dried-up husk. Earth, in contrast, has been habitable to microbes for most of its life span and has positively burst at the seams with biodiversity for eons. Why did these sibling worlds experience such different outcomes?

As baby planets, Mars and Earth were each swaddled in two protective blankets: a relatively thick atmosphere and a strong magnetic field. Earth has held on to both comforts. Mars has neither.

Mars mysteriously lost its magnetic mojo billions of years ago. With no magnetic sheath to protect it from solar wind, the Martian atmosphere was stripped away over time, though it still maintains a thin shell of its past skies.

These changes have left Mars relatively inert for billions of years, while Earth reinvents itself through tectonic activity, atmospheric shifts and the ingenuity of life.

This is great news for Earthlings, as we need those processes to survive. Yet the sheer deadness of Mars over the past few billion years could make it easier to reconstruct its early history.

Life has been so successful on Earth that its hard to trace back its origin, Dr. Sumner said. On Earth, everything is covered with organic matter from modern life.

One of the really cool and exciting things about Mars is that, because it doesnt have plate tectonics, large parts of its surface have these super-old rocks, she continued. Its a good place to go to try to understand what an early planet would be like.

Robot explorers on Mars have turned up countless insights about the red planet, but they have never found clear-cut signs of creatures currently residing there. Life, at least as we know it on Earth, simply does not seem probable on the Martian surface.

If theres any life on Mars now, it needs at least some liquid water, Dr. Sumner said. The surface of Mars now is very dry. Just incredibly dry. If theres life on Mars now, it would be in the deep subsurface.

Theres some evidence that liquid water is locked away in subterranean reservoirs, so perhaps there are sunless ecosystems lurking there. If these habitats exist, they are beyond the direct reach of our rovers and landers.

Recent detections of methane and other gases in whats left of Mars atmosphere are a tantalizing potential signature, Dr. Farley said, bolstering speculation about subterranean Martians. Many microbes on Earth produce methane, so it is possible that whiffs of the gas on Mars could be traced to alien life-forms deep underground.

Curiosity, which is equipped with a methane-sensitive spectrometer, has compounded the mystery by recording weird spikes of the gas at the Martian surface that remain unexplained.

Unfortunately, the satellites orbiting the red planet have not been able to provide backup for these readings, and the new NASA and Chinese rovers on the red planet may not be able to solve the puzzle.

Methane can also be created by a wide range of natural processes that have nothing to do with life. Some experts, like Dr. Sumner, say that the presence of the gas on Mars is not a surprise because it has all the geological processes it needs to produce the gas without life.

The discovery of life on Mars, either in the form of ancient fossils or subterranean reservoirs, would be one of the most momentous breakthroughs in human history. At last, we would have another example of a living planet, even if it only flourished in the past, implying that, at the very least, life can strike twice in the universe.

But even if we never find Martians, Mars is a place we can go to answer some of the questions about life on Earth, Dr. Sumner said. The red planet remains an eerie time capsule of the era when life first sprouted on our own world, and the direction it could have gone had all the factors that made our world possible not turned out just the right way.

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3 Great Mysteries About Life on Mars - The New York Times

About a year ago, the US-based Business Roundtable redefined the purpose of corporations by emphasizing that shareholder value was not their only, or even primary, concern. Delivering customer value, investing in employees, dealing fairly with suppliers and serving the community were added to the list.

Any corporation that tries to fulfil all the five corporate goals will probably fail, for few have the skills needed to do so many things simultaneously. If we also factor in the additional reality of shortening corporate life cyclesthe average longevity of Fortune 500 companies has fallen from 60 years in the 1950s to 20 nowwe are talking of an impossibility. Expanding a businesss range of objectives will make it more like an NGO, and this kind of role can only be played by super corporations with enormous monopoly profits to bankroll their social objectives.

Many corporations have now begun to pay obeisance to passing social fads or liberal wokeness, swayed by loud demands aired on social media and elsewhere. Advertisers are pulling out of Facebook as they have been told that it provides a platform for divisive forces and hate speech, while neither of these categories has been defined. In India, fairness creams have come under attack for indirectly promoting the idea that fair skin is better than dark. Demands have been made on social media for companies to ban actors and models based on their political predilections.

Very often, frightened companies comply without knowing why they are doing so. What, for example, is divisive? A lack of consensus on social and economic objectives can lead to divisiveness. This led UK voters to leave the EU, for example. Those left behind by globalization and technological progress voted Donald Trump in 2016. So, did the divisiveness relate to Trump the person, or the iniquitous situation left unaddressed by global elites?

Also, what constitutes hate speech? For US campus liberals", a mere invitation to a conservative voice equals backing hate". Statues of Columbus and Cecil Rhodes are being brought down in the current bout of American self-flagellation over racism, to applause by liberals in India, after the death of an African-American at the hands of the Minneapolis police. Yet, it was liberals who were tut-tutting the bringing down of Karl Marxs statues in Tripura, even though Marxist ideas caused more human misery in communist states than any other, barring Nazism. Companies risk getting dragged into such inane political quarrels once they start responding to wokeness.

Today, if one were to quote B.R. Ambedkars tracts on Pakistan or Hinduism without naming the author, most liberals would probably call that hate speech too. What was free speech under colonial rule is often considered blasphemy in democratic" India.

Voices in India are screaming racism" over fairness creams, and corporations are responding by changing product names. But lets dig deeper. If a person thinks that developing lighter skin will help him or her get a job, or a better life partner, is it right to deny them the exercise of such a choice? Dont fair-skinned people seek tans? Dont people with prominent noses opt for plastic surgery? The answer is that social attitudes do not change as fast as the liberal" elite would like, and when companies are asked to comply with woke demands, some of them resort to dog-whistles to satisfy their customer. If Fair & Lovely is not acceptable, it can simply be relabelled Glow & Lovely.

Also, how ethical is it for fair-skinned people to tell darker people that dark is lovely when the latter feel they are at a competitive disadvantage? This is like Indias English-speaking elites wringing their hands in despair over the decline of regional languages even as they themselves abandon their mother tongues.

The problem for corporations is simple: How far do they accommodate wokeness and social fads without damaging their businesses or commitments to broader fairness rules? Also, when an idea obtains high traction on social media, how can they distinguish between passing fads and truly broad changes in social attitudes?

Corporations should focus on broad, sensible policies of non-discrimination on the basis of gender, sexual or political preferences, offer fair wages, curtail excessive pay for senior management, comply with environmental and accounting laws in letter and spirit, and make regular contributions to the community from their profits. If they truly want to do more, they should invest in automation that enhances the skills and productivity of labour, rather than replacing it.

The tradeoff between responsible behaviour and the profit motive should be obvious from this small example. Nike has pulled out ads from Facebook for alleged hate content, but has also warned of job cuts post-covid. How is withdrawing ads over alleged hate speech socially responsible at a time when jobs are being cut? In any society, there is almost nothing more divisive than a scarcity of jobs.

Corporations may come to regret wokeness and the expanding scope of corporate social responsibility. It is unlikely to last another decade.

R. Jagannathan is editorial director, Swarajya magazine

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Opinion | Wokeness isnt an attribute that businesses need to bandy about - Livemint

The majority of B2B companies have not conducted primary research focused on their customers needs and challenges in the last 12 months, as the sector struggles to humanise their communications in an era of brand storytelling, according to new research.

A new report by global marketing and communications agency, Allison+Partners reveals that whilst B2B marketers wish to evolve their brand strategy in favour of more human connection and conversations to engage with their audiences, they struggle to put this into practice.

As empathy, trust and care become increasingly vital brand currencies, particularly during these uncertain times, more B2B brands will look to follow suit and talk morehuman. Businesses that are able to adapt quickly and execute against timely events are the ones that survive and thrive. The survey, which included input from 400 marketing directors in the UK and Germany, found that:

B2B marketers know the value of humanising their brand but are finding it difficult to put into practice. Almost all (97%) of respondents believe its important to humanise their brand, but only 26% have managed to do so already. Nearly two-thirds (65%) say that they have either struggled to do so or dont know where to start.

Marketers are struggling to understand their audiences in order to truly connect with them. A significant proportion (45%) of B2B marketing decision makers, have not conducted primary research focused on their customers needs and challenges in the last 12 months. Its perhaps no wonder then that 35% say they struggle to understand their customers journey from awareness through to purchase.

Customers are all treated the same, and not as the individuals they are. Only a third (36%) of marketers say its important to tailor communications to specific stakeholders, showing how their products and services might relate to their role. More than half (57%) have not yet created personas or audience segments for targeted campaigns, whether from primary or secondary research.

Commenting on the research findings Jill Coomber, Managing Director of Integrated Marketing, Europe, Allison+Partners said, As an industry, marketers are famously resilient in the face of adversity, and are recognising the need to evolve again in light of the global pandemic. B2B marketers have realise that the notion of people buying from people isnt only a B2C approach and are increasingly putting this at the heart of their own brand messaging. Theres a general consensus that what worked a year ago, wont necessarily worktoday. This report demonstrates how to take those next steps.

Heike Schubert, General Manager, Allison+Partners Germany added, Our research suggests that theres a sizable appetite for B2B brands to revitalise their marketing strategies. Of the marketers surveyed they understand that talking human goes beyond just the latest industry trend; and is in fact crucial for business success and longevity. As a result, we really emphasise the need to invest time and effort in listening to customers and understanding their behaviour as we continue to counsel our clients during this difficult time.

The full Talk Human to Me report can be found here.

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B2B brand storytelling in the age of COVID-19: Firms lacking 'human touch' - Netimperative

So much about the coronavirus and how we comprehend it has been a story of data and daily tallies. The numbers of cases, positive tests ... and deaths.

But those who died were so much more than a number to the loved ones they left behind. As Rhode Island surpasses the sad milestone of 1000 lives lost, let the stories of a few speak of the true loss.

JOSEPHINE A. McCORMICK, 93, of East Greenwich. Died April 27.

She stood shy of five-feet, this mother of six, but what she gave up in height, she made up for with spunk.

Her daughter Cheryl Brown remembers that time around 1972 when she came home with a Volkswagen Karmann Ghia she bought to take to college.

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You didnt pay the sticker price, did you? her mother, a daughter of the Depression, wanted to know.

Well, she had, actually.

We marched down to the dealership and she read them the riot act of how they had taken advantage of her daughter, says Brown. When we got home, the dealership called and said, Okay, come on back. Well take some off the price.

Family meant everything to Josephine McCormick, who scheduled the annual holiday gathering for Christmas Eve, so everyone could attend and still meet their in-law obligations on Christmas day.

Which made her passing, alone at the hospital because of the virus, crushingly hard on those she left behind.

She always made you feel special, her daughter says, and we couldnt even hold her hand.

MARIE OCONNELL, 80, of Pawtucket. Died April 18.

She was a former nun, with a butterfly tattoo on her lower back and a penchant for casino slots.

For 30 years, Marie OConnell served the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, caring for the poor in New Guinea for a decade starting in the late 1960s. But she eventually moved on from the convent, while remaining a devout Mass attendee at St. Teresa Church.

She loved visiting the slots at Twin River with her sister Janet OConnell, 75, also a former nun, and their widowed sister-in-law, Dorothy OConnell, 80. The Three Amigos called their trips to the casino Maries casino therapy after she developed ovarian cancer.

On April 11 she was admitted to Miriam Hospital, suffering from Covid-19. She went downhill quickly.

The OConnells never liked words like died. Too sad. They adopted code phrases like The Eagle has landed or, as when brother Robert passed, He got on the bus.

The staff at Miriam understood. When it was time for the doctor to pass along the sad news to Maries niece, he followed the code: Your aunt has gone to the casino.

ALFRED SONNY SOUZA, 96, of East Providence. Died May 10.

Alfred Sonny Souza went to war at 19, had his troop transport ship sink a day after D-Day, but survived to come home and start his own business, the Custom Woodworking Co., of East Providence.

The company made, among other items, the book racks that the publishing company Simon & Schuster used in bookstores to display their paperbacks and CliffsNotes study guides.

I can still remember the time we went into a market in Ogunquit Beach [in Maine] and right there, there was an old rack with the words: product of Custom Woodworking company, East Providence, Rhode Island, says his daughter Deborah Stephens, of Cape Coral, Florida.

A former Seekonk resident, Sonny regularly participated in the reunions with his World War II Navy crew members from the USS Susan B. Anthony. The ship struck a mine on June 7, 1944. All 2,689 people aboard were saved.

He was the youngest in the family but like so many raised through The Depression, says his daughter, was one of those self-made people.

NANCY L. MacDONALD, 74, of East Providence. Died April 25.

Nancy MacDonald was known as the first smile that visitors and colleagues saw when they entered Orchard View Manor in East Providence.

She worked the reception desk at the Riverside nursing home, second shift. But as the coronavirus began invading the states assisted care facilities, she confided in her daughter Bethany her growing fear.

She was scared to death, her daughter says. She didnt want to catch COVID and die alone. But another receptionist was out sick, so she was covering for her, too.

Nancy MacDonald lived her entire life in Riverside, her daughter says. She served as a teaching assistant at Riverside Middle School, and as a cheerleading coach, for some 20 years until she retired about a decade ago.

Everyone knew her and knew the kindness she so readily dispensed.

She was a very, very giving person, says Bethany. She would give you her last dollar if you needed it.

ANTHONY SUARES, 76, of East Providence. Died April 15.

Hed overcome a childhood bout with polio to become a Teamster and an avid dancer.

Anthony Suares, 76, did the jitterbug and danced to Cape Verdean music at the social club in East Providence with his wife, Ruth. As he got older, Alzheimers made the things he loved most in life more difficult, but they did not rob him of the joy he could find wherever he was.

Ruth would visit him just about every day at Orchard View Manor, the nursing home where he lived in the last years of his life.

Hed have the biggest grin on his face, he would just light up, Ruth recalled.

On April 9, Ruth learned that her husband had tested positive for COVID-19. She still called him every day, and sing songs shed made up: I cant wait to see you, I need to hold you, so always remember, Im right there with you.

Early on April 15, the nursing home called to tell Ruth that Anthony had died. The months since have been difficult, but Ruth has found comfort in her faith that theyll meet again.

When its my time to make that journey, Ruth said recently, I know my Tony will be at Gods gate with a big smile and open arms and say, Welcome home, babe. May I have this dance?

EARL SWEENEY, 97, of Cumberland and Woonsocket. Died April 22.

He was a Navy veteran whod had a first-hand view of World War II victory: He was on a ship in Tokyo Bay when Japan formally surrendered to end the war, his family said.

After his Navy service, Earl Sweeney graduated from the University of Rhode Island, became an engineer, married Irene Audette, and had three boys, Bryan, Michael and Steven. Bryan died young, and Earl kept a shattered family together. Irene died just shy of their 50th wedding anniversary.

Earls longevity was in his genes. The longtime Cumberland resident whose mom lived to 103 was still competing in senior track and field meets into his 80s.

In early April, though, while recuperating from a hospital visit at the Oakland Grove nursing home in Woonsocket, he tested positive for the coronavirus. On April 21, Steven had a chance to call his father not visit him, as they would have done otherwise and say goodbye.

I said, Pop, we love you, Steven said. I remember him saying, I love you. It was very brief and short, but at least we had that conversation.

Earl died on April 22. In his 97 years, he had seen and done so much.

He lived to 97, Steven Sweeney said. What more can you ask?

BERNIE LANZI, 79, of North Providence. Died March 30.

His nickname was the Mayor of Golden Crest.

Bernie Lanzi was always holding court when his family would visit him at his nursing home -- telling jokes, playing games, flipping through a word search book.

A shy kid growing up, Lanzi became more outgoing after his long and slow recovery from surgery to remove a tumor on his pituitary gland 30 years ago. He was shy no more: As part of the rehabilitation, he took up ballroom dancing.

He lit up a room, said his sister, Sandra LoBello.

Lanzi, 79, was among the states first coronavirus-associated deaths in a pandemic that would sweep through nursing homes, including his own. He died on March 30, at 79.

He was a deeply faithful Catholic, and the isolation that COVID forced on everyone only adds to the pain his family felt. He deserved a sendoff in church. He deserved to have someone holding his hand at the end.

Thats the thing thats tearing up my heart, LoBello said. Ive always been with him.

BILL CALDARONE, 100, of Cranston. Died May 6. JILL CALDARONE, 100, of Cranston. Died May 20.

Because of the times, only 10 loved ones were able to say goodbye to Jill Caldarone, lost to the virus in May at age 100.

She was a mom, master gardener, real-estate agent and military wife.

In early June, she was laid to rest at the states Veterans Cemetery in Exeter beside her husband, Bill.

He was also 100 when the same illness took him only two weeks before.

Bill was the states oldest former Marine World War II, Korea and 10 other posts.

The two had deep Rhode Island roots. In a phrase that marked their whimsical spirit, they called themselves Bill and Jill of Federal Hill.

Thats where they grew up, and began an 82-year romance.

With Bill having just been placed in this hallowed ground, the family was now back to put Jill beside the only man she had ever loved.

The service for Jill took place in the cemeterys chapel, framed by a sloping field out one wall-sized window and an enclave of pines out another. A solemn reminder that the COVID-19 statistics dont tell the full story.

Its more than numbers, their son Ron, 72, said. My father and mother werent just numbers.

JOAN V. SWANN, 70, Warwick. Died April 29.

Joan Swann just couldnt leave Kent Hospital. Not even after more than 40 years as a nurse in the hospitals ICU. Instead, after retirement, she became a secretary in the same unit.

She had formed lifelong friendships there and told her daughter Glenna: I dont want to leave, thats my social life, too.

She died in that ICU in April, the first hospital staff member to die of the virus, Glenna says.

It was a sad irony, and yet offered Joans large family some comfort that she at least had people who loved her by her side when she passed.

Joan loved her family and friends fiercely, always organizing and hosting the annual Thanksgiving celebration and welcoming new people into the clan.

She loved playing Cards Against Humanity during family game night with Glenna and her three stepsisters, often doubling over in laughter.

She loved animals great and small, including the pair of cardinals that visited her window each day for years. She gave them names: Mr. and Mrs. Frankie.

Unknowingly, she also brought the virus home from the hospital. Days after she entered Kent Hospital, her companion of 35 years, Arthur J. Hewes, fell ill, too.

She would not know that he died 13 days before her.

tmooney@providencejournal.com

(401) 277-7359

On Twitter: @mooneyprojo

bamaral@providencejournal.com

(401) 277-7615

On Twitter: @bamaral44

mpatinki@providencejournal.com

(401) 277-7370

On Twitter: @markpatinkin

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The pandemics human faces: Here are 1 percent of the 1,000 lives lost to the coronavirus in Rhode Island - The Providence Journal

There are more than 100 'international days' recognised by the United Nations. Some of them you might have heard of (International Women's Day, for instance). Others you might not have heard of (International Mother Language Day).

Some of the days are light-hearted and fun (World Tuna Day), and other days less so (World Intellectual Property Day).

There is one international day, however, that is slightly more difficult to pin down. On the one hand, this day celebrates human flourishing and the collective potential of our species.

On the other hand, this day serves as a warning, alerting us to the dangers associated with humanity's rapid, unchecked expansion.

11 July was World Population Day.

It was established by the UN in 1989, following the wave of interest generated by the Day of Five Billion, which was observed on 11 July 1987.

Since then, the global population has swelled at an even faster rate, adding another 2.8 billion to its ranks.

Having to accommodate roughly 7.8 billion people is no easy feat: it puts immense strain on everything from agriculture and the environment to water and sanitation systems, the provision of public welfare, and access to living space.

Soy sauce, robot surgeons and pet care: Stock selection beyond Covid-19 crisis

As the result of population growth, people are not only more numerous, they are also older. Ageing has also taken on a new meaning, seen less as a public burden that needs to be managed and more as a new stage of one's life with fulfilling potential.

As such, ageing populations are proving to be one of most significant demographic transformations of this century.

Fortunately, both the public and private sector is responding to these demographic shifts. This is good, not only for the millions of elderly people that depend on supportive care, products and services, but for the sectors with revenue exposure to senior consumption.

We call this the 'silver economy', within which lies significant growth potential over the coming years.

The silver economy refers to economic activity generated by the spending linked to serving the needs of those over 50. And this is big business. The US silver economy is worth $7trn alone, making it more valuable than the economies of Britain, Japan, or India.

In the past 18 years, companies whose businesses relate to the ageing population have achieved average revenue and earnings growth that has outperformed the global market. This trend is expected to continue gathering momentum.

More and more sectors will be driven by the spending of seniors, as these high-net-worth consumers are those with the fastest growing expenditure rate among the overall population.

With more spare time and disposable income, industries such as health, social care, leisure, and travel are benefitting significantly from growth in this consumer segment.

Polar Capital's Rogoff: Covid-19 will alter people's behaviours forever

The silver economy is broader than you might think. Automobile companies, for example, stand to benefit, as former baby-boomers change cars more regularly than today's millennials. Beauty and personal care companies may also profit, as pensioners seek to look younger for longer.

And for those over 80, home security companies are particularly important, experiencing strong growth as a result.

The silver economy does not show up in the same way everywhere. Each geography has its own sector profile, diversifying the universe of investment opportunities.

Asia, for example, is focused primarily on leisure activities while Europe is focused more on financial savings and dependency.

While countries like Japan and those in Western Europe have been growing old for decades, investment opportunities are beginning to open up in emerging countries.

This applies particularly to public health, where economic development and cultural westernisation is causing an increase in lifestyle diseases traditionally experienced by wealthier countries, such as diabetes.

There is one public health factor, however, shaping trends in ageing more profoundly than anything else: Covid-19. It is. of course, impossible to broach the subject of ageing without exploring this; the single, biggest threat to elderly people in modern times.

To put this threat in perspective, the chance of dying from Covid-19 goes from less than 1% for the under 50s to as high as 20% for the over 80s.

Polar Capital's Rogoff: Covid-19 will alter people's behaviours forever

Naturally, over the past few months, the outbreak has pulled the silver economy in different directions, benefiting some players while disrupting others.

On one side, certain companies, from pharma to food delivery platforms, which have experienced heightened demand, particularly from older consumer segments, have benefited from the crisis.

On the other side, the challenges faced by sectors that have either lost business (such as travel and leisure) or experienced increased costs (health and life insurance) have been compounded by their especially high exposure to elderly consumers.

But while the short-term prospects for the silver economy are mixed, the outbreak is causing us to revaluate the strength of our health and social systems, and the resiliency of businesses associated with elderly consumption. Such a re-evaluation is necessary given the far-reaching economic and human implications of a future pandemic.

This - the long-term impact of coronavirus - coupled with ageing as an underlying megatrend, means the silver economy will continue to grow over the next 50 years. And for savvy investors that recognise and capitalise on this ongoing theme, lucrative opportunities await.

So, as we marked World Population Day, let us take it both as a celebration and a reminder. It is a celebration of human achievement, which has resulted in a higher quality and longevity of life for people globally.

But it must also remind us of the importance of responding to the challenges associated with ageing populations.

Only by investing in the people, companies and institutions designed to support the elderly, can we ensure a long, healthy and happy future for us all.

Vafa Ahmadi is head of global thematic equities at CPR AM

See the rest here:
Why investors must take notice of the 'silver economy' - Investment Week

Fred Stella, the Pracharak (Outreach Minister) for the West Michigan Hindu Temple, responds:

Having a spiritual life has many wonderful benefits for those who seek the transcendent in community. But for those who are secular minded, many of those can be found elsewhere. There is social science-based evidence from the Mayo Clinic claiming that those who actively participate in organized religion are better off than others. One report states, Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide. Several studies have shown that addressing the spiritual needs of the patient may enhance recovery from illness.

That said, Hindu scripture, the Katha Upanishad, likens religion to a razors edge. It can be a tremendous burden if expressed in a manner in which members are overly controlled, or made to feel that they are being punished for whatever reason. The questioner asks about joining a religion. To be clear, not all religions are created equal.

Father Kevin Niehoff, O.P., a Dominican priest who serves as Adjutant Judicial Vicar, Diocese of Grand Rapids, responds:

Peace, forgiveness, serenity, simplicity, faith, hope, and love to name a few of the many benefits that come from the practice of religion.

All of creation reflects the image of God and human beings most especially because men and women are created in the image and likeness of God (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, p. 17). However, all creation together is only a glimpse of the Kingdom of God. Human beings are social creatures and not one can imagine the goodness of God in its totality. Sharing our own experiences of God allows us to develop a greater relationship with Him. Likewise, when others share their experiences of God our lives are enriched. The above is rightfully called spiritual development and is the reason for the practice and the benefit of being in a religious community of faith.

When an individual says to me that he or she may recognize God while outdoors, I say in reply, yes, but you are only reading the first page of the book and there is so much more to be discovered by sharing faith with others in a faith community.

The Reverend Colleen Squires, minister atAll Souls Community Church of West Michigan, a Unitarian Universalist Congregation, responds:

As we are currently dealing with a global pandemic, I see more people connecting with our religious community. People need community in times like these, to feel they are a part of something larger than themselves and to share the experience with other human beings. For Unitarian Universalists being a part of a community is the most important aspect to joining our faith, we need a place where we feel we sincerely belong. We seek belonging in like-minded communities. When we are engaged in the life of a congregation, we bear witness to one another's rites of passage, such as marriages, birth of children, serious illness and death. It helps us to feel connected and makes our lives richer.

Rev. Ray Lanning, a retired minister of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, responds:

Reformed and Presbyterian Christians believe that fallen human beings make bad and ultimately fatal choices, especially when it comes to religion. Whatever benefits there may be in choosing to believe a lie or engaging in false worship, the end of these things is eternal death. We must therefore test or prove all things and hold fast that which is good (I Thessalonians 5:21). Our standard of truth and goodness is the written Word of God. All things are to be received and practiced if they are taught and commanded in Scripture. All things contrary to this standard are to be rejected.

But we also believe that faith and practice are vitally connected. Faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone (James 2:17). Those whose faith is only a matter of doctrines and opinions have embraced dead orthodoxy and deceive themselves. True saving faith shows itself by works of love and obedience to Christ (John 15:14).

Christ speaks not of benefits but of the high cost to be paid by His disciples: In the world ye shall have tribulation (John 16:33). He spells out what kind of tribulation He has in mind: Men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for My sake (Matthew 13:11). Rather than considering the benefits, Christ advises everyone to count the cost and be ready to pay it (Luke 14:25-33).

This column answers questions of Ethics and Religion by submitting them to a multi-faith panel of spiritual leaders in the Grand Rapids area. Wed love to hear about the ordinary ethical questions that come up in the course of your day as well as any questions of religion that youve wondered about. Tell us how you resolved an ethical dilemma and see how members of the Ethics and Religion Talk panel would have handled the same situation. Please send your questions to[emailprotected].

The Rapidian, a program of the 501(c)3 nonprofit Community Media Center, relies on the communitys support to help cover the cost of training reporters and publishing content.

We need your help.

If each of our readers and content creators who values this community platform help support its creation and maintenance, The Rapidian can continue to educate and facilitate a conversation around issues for years to come.

Please support The Rapidian and make a contribution today.

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Ethics and Religion Talk: What are the Benefits of Religion? - The Rapidian

Your source for the latest NIKE, Inc. stories

sustainability

July 14, 2020

From game-changing football kits made of recycled plastic bottlesto the more climate-friendly development ofNike Air, NIKE, Inc. has a decades-long history in sustainable design and innovation. With a rally cry to help protectthe future of sport, the charge to envision a better world has inspired a steady progression of ambitious benchmarks and more radical product.

With Move to Zero, NIKE, Inc.sjourney towardzero carbon and zero waste, our mindset is clear. Acceleratedinvestigation of the varied opportunities in circular design combine with an unwavering optimism.

A creative spark permeating through NIKE, Inc.s product line managers, materials design directors, color materials graphics directors and innovation and sustainable design leads reminds that, at its core, the future of sustainable design and innovation is driven by human ingenuity.

New product from across all three NIKE, Inc. brands underscores the energy aroundcircular design principlesand the unified end-to-end effort required for progress. Exploratory design is highly visible through Nikes Space Hippie and Revival lines, the Jordan Brand Crater collection and Converse Crater and Renew footwear.

While each of these examples offer an overt aesthetic statement on the dynamic promise of circular design, thepromise of a better future is no less apparent in subtler articulations.

Across Converse, Jordan and Nike, teams are sweating the details and enacting creative solutions at all levels of product creation. Considerations are made for trims, dye techniques, pattern efficiencies and material sourcing. Individually, on any given product, the impact is near hidden to the naked eye. However, when combined and scaled, the effect of these changes is significant. Check outthe highlighted sustainably-designedproducts on nike.com for evidence.

Here, representatives of Converse, Jordan Brand and Nike discuss the challenge and joy of the effort.

Seana Hannah, Vice President, NXT Sustainable InnovationThere are plenty of problems to solve when it comes to sustainability. It requires radical thinking, experimenting and failing over and over again until we come up with new solutions. The future is just waiting to be defined and we love that opportunity.

Brandon Avery, VP, Global Innovation, ConverseWhen you think about design or innovation, you're solving a problem or a challenge. Creativity in this regard comes with some guidelines or parameters. Creativity grows when you see a measurable impact that you can make.

Jessica LAbbe, Senior Director, Color Materials Graphics, ConverseDesigners are really great at creative problem solving. Wetry to challenge the design teams to think about ways to make things better. We found that by putting principles of circularityas a core tenant of our creative strategy, it really helps keep it front and center throughout the product creation process.

LeMar Anglin, Senior Product Line Manager, Jordan BrandWe're trying to reduce waste and inefficiencies, but we also are embracing what Jordan fans are considering in terms of longevity and durability. The problem of designing with sustainability in mindapplies a lovely pressure that will, you know, help us make some diamonds.

Noah Murphy-Reinhertz,NXT Sustainability Design Lead, NikeThat idea of pressure and how that drives us to somethingbeautiful speaks to the power of creativity in sports too. In sport there's practice. There's preparation. But then there are moments in competition where youre up against an incredible challenge, and the improvisation required to surmount it becomes magical.

Julia Barrett, Textile Director, NikeMy inspiration comes fromlooking at a process that has been set. Everybody thinks it's the most efficient way to do it; it's perfected. And then to put a whole new lens on that process that allows you to see it differently. You see the waste that comes out of it differently and all the byproducts. It allows you to say, "Hey, hold on."

Linai Vaz, PhD,Global Director Textiles Apparel, NikeI have an interesting, varied background, having a PhD in biomechanics and sports performance. I tend to look at things from a different angle. And that is a great way to guide your work when you are thinking about sustainability. We need to look at more creative ways to solve the problems and to really think in terms of a holistic approach.

Jessica Lomax, Senior Creative Director, NSW Womens Apparel, NikeWe are approaching apparel design with new questions. How can we use as little of a fabric to create what were after? It'salmost like a mathproblem. Its really interesting, because it can affect shapes and how you lay things.

Ivan Martini, Product Line Manager, NSW Footwear, NikePrinciples of sustainability have become a mindset for how we create products now. We may want the end result to look like it could fit naturally in a Nike catalog, but when we add a design filter of sustainable parameters, weve got to view the process differently. For instance, we can look at pattern efficiency, as Jessica mentioned, as a vehicle for reducing waste.

Murphy-ReinhertzWe're working at this very upstream part of the process right now, trying to reimagine the toolkit people use in product creation. We need to look at things with a big, wide view. Because weve got to provide something really flexible. We are thinking about a circular design that is flexible, accessible and doesn't require much technical investment. It cant be prohibitive for other people to use.

LomaxI think the power of materials is really important. We're always looking at low-impact materials and trends. But another thing we focus on is longevity, how we design things that can last for a long time. That includes durable materials, but also how you reinforce seams and apply graphics. All of the steps matter.

BarrettI come from a history of trims. It's a space where thats sort of the end of the line for a lot of designers, but changing the process there has a huge impact.We're dealing a lot with the raw material, the base that everything starts with. Im invested in figuring out the small aspects in our portion of the product creation that we can then funnel back into the other things were making.

MartiniWorking in the most foundational level of footwear, we see value in small changes to things that are sort of unseen. For example, we convert the sockliner of all our shoes to a 100-percentrecycled liner. It could havea massive, massive impact for Nike.

HannahIn product innovation, we are thinking about the small solutions and the big concepts at the same time. We also think of solutions that add to our tool box. These are the different elements that we can put together in new ways. Some examples are materials like FlyLeather, which incorporates the leather scraps from hides combined with synthetic fibersinto a new engineered leather material.Space Waste yarn is another example; we combinerecycled polyester with T-shirt and yarnscraps to create a new yarn that can be used in both footwear and apparel.

AveryThere are lots of pieces to this puzzle. You have to think about them all together.

AnglinCreating an emotional connection is one of the most important ways to create an authentic and honest relationship between new ideas and consumers.

LAbbeA lot of times we think about materials at their inception, but what about all the materials that already exist? Could we look at those just the same, and really embrace the value that those can still hold?

AveryWe call it emotional innovation. For example, if we reuse a material, something thats already had a journey and a life, there's a really interesting story to tell trash becomes treasure.

VazIt's now okay to show that a product is made with sustainable materials, it's out in the open.

BarrettBefore, we thought imperfection wasnt good. Now, we're embracing it and that is what makes for a really emotional connection with our products.

HannahWe arent interested in the moon and moonshots, theres way more opportunity to focus on the Earth with our big ideas. Earthshots are expressions of the future. They show whats possible and push us to all think differently. Space Hippie is the perfect example of this. The team took on the huge challenge of trying to create the lowest carbon footprint shoe Nikes ever made and created a shoe that is made with at least 25-to50-percent recycled content. To do that, they started with what was right in front of the them the waste from the creation of other shoes. The constraints they put on themselves were really, really tough and they ended up breaking the boundaries of design and sustainability to achieve their goal. We have many more Earthshots in the pipeline, so there is plenty of inspiration coming.

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Link:
Nike, Converse and Jordan Brand Discuss the Future of Sustainable Design and Innovation - Nike News