NASA Blasts Off Most Sophisticated Mars Mission in Human History

At exactly 7:50 am EDT this morning, NASA successfully launched its Perseverance rover mission to Mars from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

Blast Off

At exactly 7:50 am EDT this morning, NASA successfully launched its Perseverance rover mission to Mars. The rover, with its Ingenuity Mars Helicopter in tow, blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Florida atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket.

A small earthquake prior to launch luckily didn’t cause any delays, as CNN reports.

“This is the first time in history where we’re going to Mars with an explicit mission to find life on another world — ancient life on Mars,” noted NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine during a press briefing at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.

Red Rover

Perseverance, NASA’s fifth Mars rover, will spend the next seven months speeding hundreds of millions of miles toward Mars. Landing at the Jezero Crater, a suspected ancient dried up lake, is scheduled for February 18, 2021. The rover will then, if everything goes according to plan, deploy its experimental helicopter roughly two months later.

The launch follows two other successful launches intended to explore the Red Planet. China launched its Tianwen-1 rover mission last week. And the United Arab Emirates also launched a spacecraft to study Martian weather from orbit.

Science Squared

Perseverance is stuffed to the gills with scientific instruments, ranging from a device called MOXIE meant to test whether future visitors could produce oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, to SuperCam, a powerful laser capable of identifying organic compounds in rocks and soils.

The rover will also be the first robot to be able to “hear” its surroundings on the Red Planet thanks to a pair of microphones.

Additionally, Perseverance will collect rock samples and put them into a small glass tube — with the goal of another mission retrieving them at a later date.

READ MORE: NASA launches Mars rover to look for signs of ancient life [AP]

More on Perseverance: On Tomorrow’s Launch, NASA Is Sending Spacesuit Chunks to Mars

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Chinese Navy Installs Generators to Power Rail Guns, Energy Weapons

China is installing massive 20-megawatt generators to its warships to power high-energy weapons, including lasers and rail guns.

20 Megawatt Upgrade

China is installing massive, 20 megawatt generators to its warships to power high-energy weapons, including lasers and rail guns, the South China Morning Post reports.

The turbo generators increase power-generating capacity fourfold on the warships, which would technically allow them to rely fully on electric propulsion alone, according to SCMP. That means faster response times, significant fuel savings, and better maneuverability.

The generators will also be used to power rail guns and energy weapons, according to the newspaper. According to state-owned news outlet Global Media, China is currently developing an electromagnetic railgun which could take advantage of the new generator units.

Going Electric

The new warships wouldn’t be the first to fully rely on electric propulsion. The US Navy and the UK’s Royal Navy also have destroyers that are partially and fully powered by electricity.

The energy weapons are also not novel. Last year, the US Navy announced it will outfit a Destroyer class ship with laser system made by military contractor Lockheed Martin.

And the Royal Navy is currently developing a powerful 50 kW laser called Dragonfire Laser Directed Energy Weapon. Last year, it tested out a new energy storage system that will ensure firing such a weapon wouldn’t disrupt operations on the rest of the ship.

Firing Lasers

The news comes after the US Navy claimed that a Chinese warship fired a laser weapon at one of its surveillance aircraft in mid-February.

“Weapons-grade lasers could potentially cause serious harm to aircrew and mariners, as well as ship and aircraft systems,” read the Navy’s statement, according to CNN, at the time.

READ MORE: China adds turbo generators to warships to power high-energy weapons, state media says [South China Morning Post]

More on warship lasers:US Claims China Fired Laser Weapon at Navy Spy Plane

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China Allegedly Hacked the Vatican, Other Catholic Computer Systems

State-backed Chinese hackers allegedly hacked the Vatican to get a leg up on upcoming diplomatic negotiations over Catholocism in China.

Holy Hack

State-backed Chinese hackers allegedly targeted both the Vatican and the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong in a months-long attack.

The attacks, first spotted by the cybersecurity firm Recorded Future, occurred as the Vatican and Chinese government prepare for a round of diplomatic negotiations, according to The Associated Press. China called the accusation “groundless speculation,” but Recorded Future suggests that state-backed hacker group RedDelta attempted to give China a leg up in the upcoming talks.

Aggressive Negotiations

In September, the Vatican and Chinese government are slated to begin renegotiations of a 2018 diplomatic agreement about bishop appointments within the country, according to AP News. The deal is a key part of the two parties’ relationship.

“The suspected intrusion into the Vatican would offer RedDelta insight into the negotiating position of the Holy See ahead of the deal’s September 2020 renewal,” reads Recorded Futures’ report.

Underground Catholicism

Catholicism has been a problem for the Chinese government: AP News reports that the country’s 12 million Catholics are split in half between a Chinese-backed sect and an underground church that remains loyal to the Pope.

The 2018 deal — and the upcoming renewal — was an attempt to unite the two factions. The original agreement recognized the status of seven state-appointed bishops who hadn’t been approved by the Vatican, smoothing over relations between the two.

READ MORE: Vatican allegedly hacked by China ahead of key talks [The Associated Press]

More on the Vatican: Trolls Immediately Attack Vatican Minecraft Server

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Strange, Giant Cloud Reappears on Mars

The European Space Agency's Mars Express, a camera-equipped Mars orbiter, is keeping close tabs on a mysterious,

Volcano Cloud

The European Space Agency’s Mars Express, a camera-equipped Mars orbiter, is keeping close tabs on a mysterious “elongated cloud” appearing over the 20 kilometer tall Arsia Mons volcano near the Red Planet’s equator.

The spacecraft, and other ones like it, have been following the strange cloud’s evolution since 2009. Now, new images revealed this week by the ESA show that the cloud has persisted.

Martian Mystery

Scans suggest that the mystery cloud is not linked to volcanic activity in any way — the last time Arsia Mons was active was about 50 million years ago, according to NASA. Instead, scientists suspect it’s a cloud made up of water ice flowing down the sloping sides of the volcano.

The cloud, as spotted in the latest images taken on July 17 and 19 by Mars Express’s Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC), appears to be up to 1,800 kilometers in length.

Rapid Daily Cycle

And it doesn’t last long, either. Each Martian year, around the time of Mars’ southern solstice — the equivalent of December 21 here on Earth — the cloud grows for a few hours each day and quickly fades away again.

“This elongated cloud forms every Martian year during this season around the southern solstice, and repeats for 80 days or even more, following a rapid daily cycle,” Jorge Hernandez-Bernal, PhD candidate at the University of the Basque Country, and lead author of an ongoing study into the cloud, said in an ESA statement. “However, we don’t know yet if the clouds are always quite this impressive.”

It’s an unusual observation made possible thanks to the VMC’s wide field of view and highly elliptical orbit.

READ MORE: Mysterious Mars cloud reappears to haunt a volcano on the red planet [CNET]

More on Mars: NASA Blasts Off Most Sophisticated Mars Mission in Human History

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Amazing Electron Microscope Images Show Antibodies Fighting the Coronavirus

Scientists managed to capture images of an antibody neutralizing the coronavirus, and they say studying its moves could lead to vaccines or treatments.

Scientists armed with an electron microscope managed to catch the first real glimpse of antibodies attacking the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the pandemic-causing COVID-19.

The antibodies, which are foot-soldier proteins produced by the immune system, came from blood samples of recovered patients. By pitting those antibodies against samples of the virus and watching them fight, the California Institute of Technology researchers behind the work believe they’ve identified some of the coronavirus’ weak points. They say that their work, which was published last month in the journal Cell, could help scientists develop new treatments or more effective vaccines.

“To our knowledge, this is the first time a team has imaged a mixture of antibodies purified from human blood after a viral infection to visualize the targets of those antibodies circulating in the recovered individual,” CalTech biological engineer Christopher Barnes said in a press release.

Case in point: During the project, the team found one type of antibody that was particularly effective at neutralizing the coronavirus and blocking it from binding to and infecting a new cell.

In theory, scientists could try to develop vaccines that produce that kind of antibody, or concoct antibody therapies that target the virus in the same way.

“One thing that’s particularly interesting about Christopher’s structure is that it shows that the antibody, although strongly neutralizing, did not evolve for optimal binding to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein,” Pamela Björkman, head of the CalTech lab, said in the release. “This suggests that these types of antibodies might not be hard to induce in a person’s body by a vaccine. In addition, it suggests that it should be possible to use protein-engineering techniques to improve such antibodies for use as therapeutics.”

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Scientists Revive 100-Million-Year-Old Lifeforms

After being dragged to the surface and fed a little snack, ancient oceanic bacteria from over 100 million years ago sprang back to life.

Wakey Wakey

After scientists gave them a little snack, some 101.5-million-year-old bacteria sprang back to life after an extremely long nap.

Researchers from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology dug up chunks of clay from 70 meters beneath the ocean floor. They injected it with sugar and ammonia and, to their surprise, Ars Technica reports that colonies of bacteria quickly chowed down on the meal. It’s a bizarre discovery, and one that suggests that organisms can survive more inhospitable environments than scientists thought.

Wake Me Up

Most shocking — even more shocking than ancient bacteria surviving this long — is that the bacteria found in the clay were mostly aerobic.

According to the study, which was published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications, the bacteria needed oxygen to live. Without it, bacterial growth quickly stopped. But there’s almost no oxygen to be found at the seafloor, especially under 70 meters of clay.

It’s Alive!

It’s technically possible that younger, more modern bacteria could have seeped down into the clay, Ars Technica reports, but the scientists think it was too densely packed to allow that.

“What we found was that life extends all the way from the seafloor to the underlying rocky basement,” University of Rhode Island oceanographer and study co-author Steven D’Hondt said in an accompanying video. “And what [lead author Yuki Morono’s] paper now shows is that those organisms are not only alive in the deepest form of sediment, but they’re capable of growing and dividing.”

READ MORE: Bacteria live despite burial in seafloor mud for 100 million years [Ars Technica]

More on ancient history: Scientists Say Ancient Earth Was Completely Covered in Water

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Fauci Says Coronavirus Can Infect You Through Your Eyeballs

The White House's top infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci told ABC News that

The White House’s top infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci told ABC News that “if you have goggles or an eye shield, you should use it.”

Wearing face shields was “not universally recommended,” he said, “but if you really want to be complete, you should probably use it if you can.”

“You have mucosa in the nose, mucosa in the mouth, but you also have mucosa in the eye,” Fauci explained. “Theoretically, you should protect all the mucosal surfaces.”

The science on face shields and their effectiveness against the coronavirus is still unclear.

As per the US Centers for Disease Protection website, “it is not known if face shields provide any benefit as source control to protect others from the spray of respiratory particles,” but “some people may choose to use a face shield when sustained close contact with other people is expected.”

“If you maintain physical distancing of at least 6 feet between you and other people when in public places, you will not need a face shield,” reads a John Hopkins Medicine FAQ. “If you must be in close contact with someone who is not wearing a mask, a face shield may provide some additional protection.”

In the interview, Fauci also noted that there’s “no real recommendation” for when somebody should get tested. “I would think that five days is good. I might even go a day or so early because the incubation period of when you get symptoms is about five days.”

In advance of this year’s upcoming flu season, Fauci stressed the importance of wearing masks to “not only protect us against COVID-19, but also help protect us against influenza.”

“Go out there and get your flu shot when the flu vaccine becomes available,” he added.

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We May Be Able to Extract “Movies” of the Universe From Black Holes

Studying the rings of photons swirling around the black hole P?wehi can help scientists understand the history of the universe.

Summer Blockbuster

Ever since the first-ever image of a black hole was published last year, physicists have been scrambling to learn as much about it as they can.

One of their astonishing new claims is that the swirling rings of light trapped in the orbit of the black hole P?wehi can serve as a sort of historical record, New Scientist reports. The rings of photons could be like the rings of a tree — or even, tantalizingly, like frames of a movie that show the history of the universe.

Frame By Frame

The scientists studying P?wehi, who hail from a long list of universities, published work on those swirling rings back in March. In it, they argue that that the sequence of photon rings can tell them how the black hole formed, help them study its properties now, and even serve as a testing ground for theories like Einstein’s general relativity.

“Together, the set of subrings are akin to the frames of a movie, capturing the history of the visible universe as seen from the black hole,” reads the paper.

Missing Prequel

While probing the rings could reveal many secrets about black holes, the researchers say there are limits to its value as a historical record of the universe. Each ring, New Scientist reports, is only six days older than the last, and eventually they pass the black hole’s event horizon and get gobbled up.

“We’re not going to see dinosaurs,” Harvard astronomer Michael Johnson, who worked on the research, told New Scientist.

READ MORE: Black holes are hiding movies of the universe in their glowing rings [New Scientist]

More on the black hole image: The M87 Black Hole Now Has an Epic Name

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New Music: Oakland collective SMARTBOMB has that feeling of futurism – 48 Hills

Beat music, the defiant all-inclusive electronic aesthetic that seizes and chops up odd bits of hip-hop, library music, jazz, bass music, IDM, and anything else that shouldnt fit but just does, gets it specificity from the region from which it emanates. Low End Theory, the epicenter of LAs instrumental beat scene for 12 years, was internationally known for their heavy bass, which depending on who was playing that particular night, left a footprint in your chest and at times destroyed speakers and rattled ceilings. That beautiful ruckus propelled oddball beat-frenzied artists into starting record labels and eventually earning Grammy nominations.

Case in point SMARTBOMB, the East Bay music, and art collective, started in 2013 as part of the popular party that spotlights mostly local producers and DJs, can get real heady. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, SMARTBOMB held monthly events, mostly at the Legionnaire Saloon where the showcases highlighted Oaklands IRT post-modern approach to sound. As co-founder Jason Garcawho speaks infusing the name of some authoritative Shuggy Otis albumexplains, the East Bay has always possessed this sense of radical introspection and manifestation.

Diversity of thought is innate in the Town, where we are blessed to have such rich and genuine community, stated Garcia, who is preparing for the collectives second worldwide broadcast this Saturday. Its not so much a scene, but true community that spans beyond age, gender, lifestyle, etc. So many beings here who fearlessly push the needle forward in their own respects, in their own mediums and genres alongside each other. Vastly differing sonic and visual styles and approaches, all thrown into this magic pot for us all to find inspiration information from. Its a feeling of futurism.

Light Beings #2, the second installment of a mixtape series in collaboration with the community platform Lower Grand Radio, is the audio extension of that sentiment. Following through with intention shining light on the beautiful frequencies created from our expansive universe, while also raising funds for vital organizations & programs in the Town highlights the motives of the project listed on their Bandcamp page.

Wylie Cable, founder of Los Angeles based Dome of Doom Records, always perceived the East Bay collective as a NorCal version of Low End Theory that understood what the music needed to be. Cable was an integral part of signal boosting that Low End Theory Culture still employs to prop up beat producers to this day.

I grew up in LA but lived in the Bay for five to six years in the early 2000s and I used to go to the monthlies they threw, stated Cable. Always a great show. It is not a small task, running an event that focuses on underground beat music, but Smartbomb has been at it for close to a decade now.

That manifestation of Bay Area headiness runs the table with great facility. Peep the glitched-out scatter bang of Normalcy from DKM, or the cooldown tingly hip-hop strain Sometimes I Listen by heru. You understand real quick that these are daring architects.

But its the stillness that takes the most courage. After journeying through the first 11 tracks, big ambient energy is the best way to describe the final arrangement of Selim Xs Sunset 6. It a gargantuan four minutes and change of evergreen wave slowly rolling ova and thru you, like the best salted caramel ice cream. Lets toss out qualifiers and just make room for the serenity. Heartbeat soft, warped nanoseconds folding over. Eat your heart out, Brian Eno. This is beat music framed in the way George Clinton himself liked to categorize funk: Anything it needs to be in order to save my life.

SMARTBOMBs second virtual VHS broadcast streams Sat/25. RSVP for link.

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Scientists Studying Sex Differences in the Brain Fear Their Work Will Be Misrepresented – Futurism

A team of National Institutes of Health (NIH) scientists is walking a delicate line: publishing researchabout how the human brain differs across sex, while trying to guard against their work being misrepresented by misogynists.

Armin Raznahan, chief of developmental neurogenomics at the NIH, published research in the journal PNAS on Monday about how sex chromosomes are tied linked to differences in the size of various brain regions. The research, Wired reports, could give doctors a better understanding of how neurodevelopmental disorders may manifest in different groups.

If we can understand the biology of sex better, Raznahan told Wired, maybe those pathways are going to help us understand what is happening to put a person at risk of manifesting symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, for example.

But the sensitive nature of Raznahans research has him trying to fight misinterpretations of it something he told Wired hes run into since early in his career.

I got my fingers burned when I first started, Raznahan told Wired.

At the time, he was researching the differences between how mens and womens brains change over time. And while his paper only touched on structural changes and not any functional differences, that didnt stop The Wall Street Journal from citing his work in a 2011 article that suggested schoolchildren might learn better in single-sex classrooms.

Because its such a dodgy topic and the practical conclusions one could draw from such research remain unclear, scientists told Wired that maybe scientists shouldnt investigate sex differences in the brain so thoroughly at all. But others argue that its essential.

We cant not make discoveries, University of Maryland School of Medicine pharmacology professor Margaret McCarthy told Wired, because they might be misused.

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Scientists Studying Sex Differences in the Brain Fear Their Work Will Be Misrepresented - Futurism

NASA is Asking Students to Come up With a Lunar Dust Buster – Futurism

NASA is asking university students to come up with a solution to a very real problem: sticky lunar dust that can get pretty much anywhere, meaning it poses a very real threat to anybody planning to spend much time on the surface of the Moon.

The goalis a solution that can remove lunar dust or make surfaces impermeable to the stuff.

This competition gives students an unparalleled opportunity as members of the Artemis generation to help overcome the historically challenging technical obstacles of mitigating lunar dust, Niki Werkheiser, NASAs Game Changing Development program executive, said in a statement.

Since the Apollo missions, weve known that lunar dust is extremely clingy. Early NASA astronauts ended their spacewalks on the Moon covered in the stuff, likely caused by electrical charges built up by the moving around the lunar surface.

The more time you spend there, the more you get covered from helmet to boots with lunar dust, Buzz Aldrin was quoted in early NASA reports after completing the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Aldrin also called lunar dust one of our greatest inhibitors to a nominal operation on the Moon.

Some Apollo astronauts carried special brushes with them to brush off spacesuits before getting back into the lander, as Discover reported in 2018. Other solutions included a vacuum, but it proved to be only minimally effective.

Making matters worse, recent studies have shown that lunar dust could react with human cells to create hydroxyl radicals, which have been linked to lung cancer.

With its upcoming Artemis missions, an effort to return astronauts to the Moon more than 50 years after Aldrin took his first steps there, NASA wants to get ahead of its dusty problem.

So its asking students for help. The agency is offering up to $180,000 to between five and ten teams chosen by a jury of competition judges. Participants will have to demonstrate that what theyve come up with can actually mitigate lunar dust.

Dealing with lunar dust will require incredibly creative and innovative approaches and collaborating with the Artemis generation through the BIG Idea Challenge is a strategic effort to fuel that type of innovation, Drew Hope, Game Changing Development program manager at NASAs Langley Research Center in Hampton, said in the statement.

Researchers at the agency have already tried a several new solutions in recent years. Last year, for instance, NASA scientists showed off a special coating technology that could dissipate electrical charges on spacecraft components, perhaps giving them the ability to shrug off lunar dust.

READ MORE: NASA Seeks BIG Ideas from Universities to Solve a Messy Problem [NASA]

More on lunar dust: Scientists Say Theyve Found a Way to Make Oxygen from Moon Dust

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A troubling pandemic thought: Are THESE the good old days? – The Associated Press

HOPE VALLEY, R.I. (AP) News articles dont carry Hollywood-style viewer ratings or trigger warnings. Maybe this one should.

But consider this: What if THESE are the good old days?

Depressing as that might seem after the coronavirus pandemic has claimed well over 630,000 lives worldwide, cost tens of millions their jobs and inflicted untold misery across the planet, its entirely possible increasingly likely, some say that things will get worse before they get better.

Americans in particular have been optimists by nature for the better part of four centuries. But even here, a bleak dystopian vision is emerging in some corners. Its not pretty.

It imagines a not-too-distant future where well all look back with nostalgia at 2020 as a time when most of us had plenty of food and wine, could get many of the goods and services we needed, and could work from home at jobs that still paid us.

This could be as good as it gets, so lets take pleasure in what we have now, Katherine Tallman, the CEO of the Coolidge Corner Theatre, an indie cinema in Brookline, Massachusetts, told a recent Zoom roundtable.

The pandemic continues to buffet the planet economically, dashing hopes that the worst of the joblessness might be behind us.

For 18 consecutive weeks now, more than a million Americans have sought unemployment benefits. New infections have been surging in states like Florida and California that power the economy, threatening peoples health and livelihoods for the foreseeable future.

Thats bad. But in online forums and on social media, futurists see the potential for worse. Much worse. Their musings arent for the faint of heart.

Its likely that few, if any, of their forecasts will come to pass. This time next year, we may well marvel at how swiftly this existential threat was vanquished. But with the numbers going in the wrong direction, and collective confidence badly shaken, those given to ruinous thoughts can be forgiven for thinking the worst:

What if humanitys frantic efforts to produce a viable vaccine take longer than envisioned, allowing the virus to kill indiscriminately in the interim?

What if that coincides with a climate calamity that ruins crops and shatters supply chains, stripping supermarket shelves bare of much more than hand sanitizer and toilet paper?

For all our kvetching about masks, could we one day find ourselves having to don hazmat suits just to leave the house?

Is it such a stretch to imagine the economic fallout moving beyond jobs and 401(k)s and wiping out entire industries setting off a global Great Depression, Part Two?

The pandemic is going to get worse and worse and worse, World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters last week. There will be no return to the old normal for the foreseeable future.

Even President Donald Trump, in a notable departure from his generally insistent stance that the U.S. has the outbreak under control, said the nasty horrible virus will probably unfortunately get worse before it gets better.

Margaret Hetherman, a New York City-based writer and futurist, thinks some of our darker pandemic experiences things like fighting over canned goods and hoarding toilet paper could foreshadow more dire years ahead if global warming continues unabated.

Were getting a taste of what could be ahead if we dont get control of ourselves here. The empty shelves could be just the beginning, she said. Its hard to imagine, but the climate crisis upon us is probably going to render this a piece of cake by comparison.

The Rhode Island village of Hope Valley mirrors the new COVID-19 landscape. More is closed than is open, including the local Grange community center, usually a beehive of activity and human connection.

NO YOGA, reads a plastic sign out front. BE HEALTHY BE HAPPY BE SAFE, it adds, though the hamlet like thousands of other small towns nationwide is powerless to help its people accomplish any of those things.

For businesses and consumers alike, a new order appears to be dawning one in which the risk of viral outbreaks increasingly is seen as perpetual, not a one-off.

These times were in right now perilous as they are will soon be looked back on fondly as the good old days. Prepare accordingly, tweeted Columbia University philosopher Rory Varrato.

The website Quartz.com asked experts in business, technology, food, the arts and other sectors how the world will be different in five years because of the coronavirus. Their responses? Largely grim.

My bet is that movie theaters wont exist, said one, University of Pennsylvania psychologist Adam Grant.

The pandemic has pummeled airlines and the hospitality industry. The American Hotel and Lodging Association warns that more than 8,000 U.S. hotels could close for good as early as September. Restaurants also are imperiled: Without government intervention, Democratic U.S. Sen. Edward Markey of Massachusetts cautioned this month, there could be an extinction experience.

Politics, too, cloud the horizon and moods. For some, a dystopian future includes four more years of Trumps chaotic presidency; for others, the election of Joe Biden and a sudden lurch back to the left.

As if all that isnt enough to bring down the room, people love to share word of random supposed signs of the apocalypse things that certainly arent, like the North American invasion of murder hornets and that squirrel in Colorado that was found to have been infected with bubonic plague.

That stuff we mostly shrug off. But the future, writ large, is serious business. It is, after all, where we pin our hopes and dreams.

If these do turn out to be the good old days, at least there are things for which we legitimately can be thankful: more time and meals together with loved ones; an extended reprieve from soul-sapping commutes; and for some of us a greater emotional investment in our children, if only because were seeing a lot more of each other.

Even now, we can find joy in a day, said Hetherman, the futurist. Even if were in a hazmat suit, God help us, well have to find what joy we can.

___

APs coverage of the virus outbreak can be found at https://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak. William J. Kole is APs New England editor; follow him on Twitter at https://twitter.com/billkole.

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A troubling pandemic thought: Are THESE the good old days? - The Associated Press

Engineers Built “Giant Atoms” That Enhance Quantum Computers

A team of engineers developed a new kind of quantum computer architecture that uses artificial

Big Chonker

Scientists found a new way to improve the fragile and error-prone qubits that make up a quantum computing circuit — and it’s strange.

Qubits tend to make errors and can rapidly decay as they transmit information. So a team of MIT engineers built artificial, superconducting “giant atoms” by coupling together multiple cubits-worth of regular atoms. These giant atoms are easier to control and far harder to destroy during normal operations. The research, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, suggests that these giant atoms could help bring about quantum computers that are actually practical.

Long-Distance Call

The problem with traditional qubits, which are the quantum version of the 1s and 0s in a classical computing system, is that they can communicate well with adjacent qubits, but information sent across a lengthier quantum circuit tends to decay.

In contrast, the giant atoms can be tuned to not only improve the fidelity of the information, but they can also be blocked from transmitting until they’re supposed to, which is another problem with existing qubits.

Users Guide

Ultimately, the MIT engineers hope that their giant atoms lead to a simpler, enhanced form of quantum computers.

“This allows us to experimentally probe a novel regime of physics that is difficult to access with natural atoms,” MIT engineer Bharath Kannan said in a press release. “The effects of the giant atom are extremely clean and easy to observe and understand.”

“The tricks we employed are relatively simple,” he added, “and, as such, one can imagine using this for further applications without a great deal of additional overhead.”

READ MORE: ‘Giant atoms’ enable quantum processing and communication in one [MIT]

More on improving quantum computers: Scientists Are Building a Quantum Teleporter Based on Black Holes

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On Tomorrow’s Launch, NASA Is Sending Spacesuit Chunks to Mars

Besides a whole host of fascinating scientific instruments, NASA

NASA’s fifth Mars rover, Perseverance, is scheduled to finally blast off into space tomorrow morning.

Besides a whole host of fascinating scientific instruments, the rover will also be carrying small bits of space suit to the Martian surface. The goal is to find out how different materials react to the unique Martian environment, in an effort to design a spacesuit meant for the first astronauts to survive on the hostile planet.

“The materials we’re poking at the most are meant to be on the outer layer of a suit, since these will be exposed to the most radiation,” explained Johnson Space Center spacesuit designer Amy Ross in a NASA Q&A. “We want to figure out how long these materials will last. Do we need to develop new materials, or will these hang in there?””

Five different spacesuit materials — alongside several pieces of Martian meteorite — will be studied by Perseverance’s SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) instrument. These materials include vectran, a high strength and cut resistant fiber used in the palms of spacesuit gloves, and two types of teflon for dust resistance.

Then there’s ortho-fabric, a special material made to withstand extreme temperatures. It’s made out of a flame resistant material, Gore-Tex — the same stuff used in waterproof jackets and Kevlar, the synthetic fabric that makes bulletproof vests bulletproof.

A suit for Mars will need to ensure that astronauts are protected from heavy doses of UV radiation.

According to Ross, Mars may be quite different from the Moon, but challenges such as dust are similar. That’s why NASA has been hard at work keeping dust out of the bearings used in any articulating joints, including the shoulders, wrists, and ankles.

“Mars spacesuits will be more like ones we use for the Moon and less like those for the ISS,” Ross said. “I’m trying to make the Moon suit as much like the Mars suit as possible.”

Considering that NASA astronauts are far more likely to make it to the Moon first, the agency will likely have a major leg up in its preparations for ensuring the safety of astronauts on Mars.

READ MORE: NASA’s Perseverance Rover Will Carry First Spacesuit Materials to Mars [NASA]

More on SHERLOC: Here’s Why NASA’s Next Rover is Bringing a Mars Rock Back to Mars

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On Tomorrow’s Launch, NASA Is Sending Spacesuit Chunks to Mars

Marine Corps Bans Service Members From Mining Bitcoin on Military Devices

The Marine Corps just issued a memo banning all servicemembers from mining cryptocurrency like Bitcoin on government-issued devices.

Crypto Ban

According to a Tuesday U.S. Marine Corps memo, service members are now banned from mining cryptocurrency on any government-issued phones or devices.

It’s an unusual announcement, and like mattress warning labels or “do not shake the vending machine” signs, probably something that no one thought to ban until it actually became a problem. But, as CoinDesk reports, the military seems worried that crypto mining apps — along with dating and gambling — could compromise its cybersecurity.

Classified User Data

The crypto ban isn’t the first time that the military had to step in and restrict what soldiers could do with their phones.

In 2018, the Pentagon had to tell soldiers to stop sharing their location with fitness tracker apps after they inadvertently revealed both the locations and layouts of military bases around the world — as well as off-limits areas like Area 51.

Personal Calls

Presumably, marines are still allowed to mine crypto on their own time and using their own hardware. The memo didn’t list any specific issues with mining beyond general security concerns regarding the mining apps themselves.

And if there are any marines out there mining Bitcoin that prompted the ban, they’d better hurry up: The memo clarifies that any prohibited apps will be automatically deleted.

READ MORE: Marine Corps Bans Crypto Mining Apps From Government-Issued Mobile Devices [CoinDesk]

More on military restrictions: The Pentagon Tells Soldiers To Stop Sharing Their Locations With Apps

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Marine Corps Bans Service Members From Mining Bitcoin on Military Devices

These Scientists Are Testing an Experimental COVID Vaccine on Themselves

Using just a pipette and a magnetic stirring device, a ragtag group of scientists is attempting to fast track the development of a COVID vaccine.

An impressive scoop by the MIT Technology Review: Using simple lab tools, a ragtag group of scientists cobbled together its own grey-market COVID-19 vaccine — and instead of jumping through the usual hoops for a clinical trail, they’re testing it on themselves.

The group calls itself the Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative (Radvac.) Led by celebrity Harvard geneticist George Church, the team set out to find “a simple formula that you could make with readily available materials,” as Preston Estep, Church’s former graduate student at Harvard and leader of the project, told MIT Tech.

The group came up with a vaccine, which consists of bits of protein that match the coronavirus, but aren’t able to cause disease. They even posted a white paper detailing how to cook it up yourself. Similar approaches have been used to make other vaccines, as MIT Tech points out, including for hepatitis B and HPV.

The group quickly found several volunteers who were willing to squirt the makeshift vaccine up their noses using a pump, which they believe could create a local immunity in the tissues of the airway.

Despite not making any claims about the effectiveness of their vaccine, Radvac has now given materials to dozens of friends and colleagues. In fact, Estep told MIT Tech that he’s lost track of how many people have taken it  so far.

In sum, it’s an extremely deviant approach compared to the staid world of conventional pharmaceutical research. Unsurprisingly, that’s alramed some skeptics.

“It’s not the best idea — especially in this case, you could make things worse,” George Siber, the former head of vaccines at Wyeth, a Pennsylvania-based pharmaceutical company, told MIT Tech.  “You really need to know what you are doing here.”

The project could run into trouble with the Food and Drug Administration, according to MIT Tech. Money may not be changing hands and each user has to sign extensive disclaimers, but regulators could still crack down on the group.

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A Dead Star Gave Off Something Scientists Have Never Seen Before

In late April, the international team observed a massively bright outburst of X-rays and radio waves. They traced it back to a magnetar in the Milky Way.

An international team of astronomers say they observed a magnetar — the remains of a dead star with an extremely powerful magnetic field — unleash a burst of high-energy radiation made up of X-rays and radio waves that have never previously been observed.

It was likely a type of mysterious cosmic outburst referred to as fast radio burst (FRB), which have long puzzled astronomers. But thanks to a new study about the strange magnetar, published this week in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, that could be starting to change.

In late April, the international team spotted something entirely unprecedented: an FRB originating within the Milky Way, emanating from a magnetar called SGR 1935+2154, some 30,000 light-years away from Earth.

These outbursts tend to be so bright that they’re billions of times more luminous than the Sun — but only last for a split second.

The discovery was made possible by the “Burst Alert System” built into the European Space Agency’s INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) space telescope, which “automatically alerted observatories worldwide about the discovery in just seconds,” as Sandro Mereghetti, astrophysicist at the National Institute for Astrophysics in Milan, Italy, and lead author, explained in a statement.

FRB hunters at the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 (STARE2) in the US were able to confirm the dazzling sight just hours later.

The observation could settle the major mystery surrounding FRBs: whether they do indeed originate from magnetars.

“We’ve never seen a burst of radio waves, resembling a Fast Radio Burst, from a magnetar before,” Mereghetiti sated. “This is the first ever observational connection between magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts.”

“It truly is a major discovery, and helps to bring the origin of these mysterious phenomena into focus,” he added.

READ MORE: Dead star emits never-before seen mix of radiation [European Space Agency]

More on the burst: Scientists Detect Powerful Radio Burst Coming From Our Own Galaxy

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A Dead Star Gave Off Something Scientists Have Never Seen Before

DARPA Deploys Tiny Satellite That Could Take Best Pictures of Space Ever

DARPA recently deployed a tiny camera satellite that the agency hopes can take sharp images of exoplanets that are usually washed out of pictures.

Enhance!

A tiny military satellite may be able to take the sharpest pictures yet of extremely distant and difficult to spot objects out in space.

DARPA, the Pentagon’s research division, recently deployed what they call the Deformable Mirror (DeMi) CubeSat from the International Space Station, according to a press release. Over the next year, the toaster-sized satellite will use its camera to focus on the dim, distant objects in space that usually get washed out by nearby stars or other larger objects.

Spy Cam

DeMi is drastically smaller than famous space cameras like the Hubble Space Telescope, but DARPA is counting on its ability to focus on overlooked celestial bodies to vastly improve the images scientists can capture.

“Space telescopes currently in orbit are limited in ability to detect and distinguish small, dim objects next to large, bright objects — for example, dim exoplanets next to bright stars,” DeMI project manager Stacie Williams said in the press release. “Our goal is to demonstrate the benefits of a [microelectromechanical systems] deformable mirror to actively correct the images of distant objects in space.”

Field Test

The CubeSat camera will also be treated as a test to see how the extreme temperatures, radiation, and other harsh conditions of space impact the camera, which relies on several small moving parts.

For instance, the mirror uses over 140 different actuators to adjust its shape and line up a shot — so DARPA will be tracking how well it can adjust as pieces warp or fall out of alignment.

READ MORE: Miniature telescope demonstration focuses on sharpening view of distant objects in space [DARPA]

More on space cameras: NASA Says Hubble Observed a “Flapping Shadow” in Distant Space

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NASA Venus Rover Designed For “Exploring Hell”

NASA just unveiled the winners of its

Hellscape

NASA just unveiled the winner of its Venus rover design contest, dubbed the “Exploring Hell” challenge.

The submissions were surprisingly on-brand: Some had hellish names like “DEMoN Fire Sensor” and “SPIDER,” Popular Mechanics reports. But jokes aside, the name of the contest is a fair description of what these rovers would need to survive. No spacecraft has survived longer than 50 minutes on the Venus, which is the hottest planet in the solar system and is blanketed by sulfuric acid storm clouds.

First Place

As such, the first-place design looks more like a “BattleBots” contestant than a typical NASA rover. “Venus Feelers,” as it’s called, was designed by an Egyptian architect named Youssef Ghali. The robot is powered by a small, back-mounted windmill and has four “feeler” arms of tiny wheels that detect obstacles so the rover doesn’t get stuck as it trudges along.

An accompanying video shows how those tiny wheels can spot large rocks, deep pits, or cliff edges, which alerts the rover that it should find a different path.

Acid Rain

The rovers sport contraptions like giant mesh-covered wheels, bumpers, or long and spindly legs that could help them avoid obstacles on the surface of Venus. Surviving the planet’s acid rains may be a challenge for another day, but for now NASA is happy with the designs it received.

“The response from the community was incredible and better than I ever dreamed,” project manager Jonathan Sauder said in a press release.

READ MORE: This Machine Could Explore Hell for NASA [Popular Mechanics]

More on Venus: NASA Scientists Imagine Studying Venus From A Floating Research Colony

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NASA Venus Rover Designed For “Exploring Hell”

NASA Is Using a Robot to Search for Leaks Outside the Space Station – Futurism

Automated Spacewalks

NASA and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) scientists were just able to automate one of the dangerous jobs on the International Space Station, sending a robot out on spacewalks so humans dont need to put themselves at risk.

Dextre, a CSA robot that looks like a multi-armed tower sticking to the side of the space station, recently checked the outside of the ISS for signs of leaks specifically looking for ammonia that the space station uses as a coolant, according to a NASA press release. And now, with a newly-installed robot hotel, its far easier for the robot to do its job and keep the dangerous work out of human hands.

On Tuesday, ISS astronauts installed the Robotic Tool Stowage (RiTS) unit that was first launched to space in December. NASA calls it a robot hotel, but its really more of a tool shed. In this case, it gives Dextre a place to store parts of RELL, its ammonia leak-detecting tools, on the exterior of the ISS where theyre easier to access.

RELL is a great example [of] how robots with the right tools can simplify life for astronauts, RiTS hardware manager Mark Neuman said in the release. Dextre can use RELL to detect ammonia leaks, eliminating the need for astronauts to perform the same task during a spacewalk.

For now, the new tools like RiTS and RELL can help astronauts stay safe by automating riskier tasks, but NASA suspects that the same technology could help establish orbital habitats.

NASA has big plans for its Deep Space Gateway habitat, and finding ways to give robots all the hard work could help make it a reality.

READ MORE: NASAs robot hotel gets its occupants [NASA]

More on the ISS: The Space Station Is Getting a New Toilet

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NASA Is Using a Robot to Search for Leaks Outside the Space Station - Futurism