High school wrestling coaches instrumental in Rock tournament evolution – Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber

Last Saturday, in a hot, crowded gym at Vashon Island High School, Anders and Per-Lars Blomgren greeted each other with coffee cups in hand and shared a laugh shortly before the start of the Vashon Rock Wrestling Tournament.

Then, it was tournament time. The brothers both wrestling coaches for the high school sat next to one another in folding chairs and watched intently at the wrestling matches involving their team members. When each match was finished, they got up to give each of their wrestlers a handshake, a pat on the back and a few words of support.

It was the twentieth time, in fact, that the Blomgrens have coached the Rock tournament together their first was on December 30, 2000. The coaching duo has since taken a premier tournament for 1A schools the division VHS is in and expanded it to include several other divisions, including 4A.

The fact that they have organized the event for so long was not lost on either Blomgren when they sat down for an interview with The Beachcomber on Monday.

I feel like this year is kind of special in that you get a little sentimental about former wrestlers, especially [those who are] connected to the tournament, Per-Lars said. We have a lot of former wrestlers come back and help the ones we still have a tight connection with.

Danny Rock, principal of VHS, told The Beachcomber in an email that the Blomgren brothers have done a great job running the tournament.

Anders and Per-Lars have not only maintained the excellent reputation of wrestling on Vashon Island but have enhanced the community experience through their character and roles as educators in the schools, he wrote. The Rock is a massive undertaking and includes widespread community effort as well as strong relationships with other quality wrestling programs to make it a success.

Tournament Organization

The Blomgren brothers took over organizing the Rock from a beloved coach of theirs, Mick Guglamo, who founded the tournament 30 years ago.

That happened when Guglamo, the head wrestling coach at the time, retired, and Anders was appointed his successor.

Then I made sure my brother came back from college to coach with me, Anders wrote in an email, while noting that Per-Lars was winning a National Championship for Simon Fraser University at the time.

When the Blomgrens were both on the island again, they were mindful of how their former wrestling coach approached the Rock tournament.

He started it by wanting to have the best 1A teams in the state and were a 1A school, Anders said.

The Blomgrens have added more divisions 2A, 3A and 4A to the Rock tournament; 4A is the highest level of competition. Anders said when schools bigger than VHS participate in the Rock, it teaches those wrestlers respect.

Because sometimes, 4A schools will be like, Oh, theyre just a 1A school, Anders said, and theyll all the sudden come here and be like, Oh, wow. Were going to keep coming to this school because theyre good.

He said the tournament is also a good way to showcase different wrestling styles.

The Blomgrens noted during The Beachcombers interview that it takes more than two people to put on a multi-school tournament.

One of the people they credited was BJ Nelson, assistant wrestling coach, and his wife, Desiree. While she does concessions and hospitality, he organizes the tournament floor and does other behind-the-scenes work.

Nelson complimented the Blomgrens, saying theyre 100% committed to the tournament.

Theyre the reason why it happens, he said.

Greg Farley, the wrestling coach for Granite Falls High School, who has known the brothers since their youth, praised the Blomgrens for their work in organizing the tournament which, in his experience, has seen few glitches.

You could be at a really good tournament thats poorly ran. Now, theyre going to start on time and theyre going to end on time, Farley said. Its because they organize it well.

Andy Hamilton, wrestling coach at Lakeside High School in Nine Mile Falls, said he is particularly impressed with what the brothers have done with the Rock tournament.

Theyve done it for so long now, most people know them as the main Vashon people, he said. Its such a testament to how much they care about the community, how much they care about where they came from. People want to come to the tournament because theyre so well-known.

Changing Times

Back in 2000, when only 10 teams were part of the Rock, the wrestlers brackets based on weight class were printed out, placed on a wall and names were handwritten, Anders recalled.

I would get faxes from coaches, he said before bursting out laughing. I dont even know if we do faxes anymore.

Scoring was also antiquated by todays standards, the Blomgrens said. The stats were entered into a computer system and then posted on the wall the next day.

These days, the Blomgrens communicate with coaches via email and upload scores live on a website, which wrestlers and others are known to track on their smartphones as they come in.

As soon as the match is over [and] the person wins, the bracket instantly changes on the computer, where both of their next matches are already ready, Anders said. It just rolls. We dont have to enter that. That helps.

Hamilton praised the Blomgrens for instituting electronic scoring of the competition.

It makes for a very slick, very quick, fast-paced tournament, he said. Theyve really, in the last couple of years, done a really good job of going into the new technology age to do that, rather than just doing the paper copies, like it used to be.

A great tournament

Hamilton and Farley spoke to The Beachcomber about what the Rock tournament and the Blomgrens have meant to their schools.

Hamilton said his team has been coming to the Rock tournament for years. He thinks its a good opportunity for the students.

This is one of the few times that someone like us from [the] Spokane area can come over and wrestle these western schools over here that are in our division, Hamilton said. This is our only opportunity to see them before we get to state, a lot of times.

Farley called the Rock, a good tournament to kind of gauge where you are in your season progression.

The whole experience

Hamilton said having his wrestlers attend the Rock tournament on Vashon is a one-of-a-kind experience.

We get in vans, we come over here, we go to a movie, we stay the night in the school. Its just the whole experience of being with the team, he said.

Anders said the experience off-island school wrestlers get from coming to the tournament is one of the reasons it is unique from other competitions in the state.

Theyve never been on a ferry before. Theyre looking around, looking for a whale, he said.

But what also makes the Rock unique, according to Anders, is the prize the top three wrestlers receive.

They take home a rock; we dont have medals or trophies, Anders said. We have parents, we have wrestlers we have cheerleaders that have made these rocks from the island gravel pit and then painted them.

The rock awards have apparently become a special thing for anyone who earns one, he said.

Anders has heard people say, You know what? We dont have all of our trophies or medals, but we save our rock because its a really special tournament.

They give you motivation

For George Murphy, a wrestler and sophomore at VHS, the Dec. 28 match was the second time he had participated in the Rock. He said what makes it stand out from other tournaments is how well its organized.

You know where you got to be when you got to be there, Murphy said. If you pay attention, youll be on time to everything. At other tournaments, its less organized. Sometimes, you dont know when youre going to have your next match, sometimes you do.

He credits the Blomgren brothers with that organization.

Theyve been through so many different tournaments and they know how they work, Murphy said.

The Blomgrens are very encouraging and supportive of their wrestling team, he said.

Its great because when you win, they give you motivation and tell you what you did right and what you also need to work on, Murphy said.

Per-Lars said merely watching the matches can be an intensive process.

Its great for us to see; were taking notes, were watching other wrestlers, he said. I feel like we do a pretty good job of not just watching these other matches, but taking notes as to what we really need to work on to beat their wrestlers.

When it comes to the Rock, Per-Lars seems to enjoy the coaching part of it the most.

Once the tournament starts, we have enough help where we can do probably what were best at and that is coach, he said. When we coach together, its the best.

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High school wrestling coaches instrumental in Rock tournament evolution - Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber

How Rosie Huntington-Whiteleys Style Has Evolved Over the Years – Footwear News

Since making her Victorias Secret runway debut in 2006, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley has come a long way.

Not only has the 32-year-old expanded her resum to include acting and an editorial beauty site, but shes also seriously upped her style game.

In the last few years of the 00s, Huntington-Whiteley wore lots of bandage dresses and platform pumps often appearing at events alongside then-boyfriend Tyrone Wood. Her subdued wardrobe included lots of black and gray.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley wears white jeans and sparkling sandals in London on Aug. 9, 2007.

CREDIT: Richard Young/Shutterstock

While she was already known for her Victorias Secret work, Huntington-Whiteley look her career to the next level in 2011. In addition to securing her first major film role as Carly Spencer in Transformers: Dark of the Moon, the actress appeared on the covers of top fashion magazines like BritishVogue, Elle and GQ, plus was made the face of the fragrance Burberry Body.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley wears a tiger-print dress and T-strap sandals at the 2011 MTV Movie Awards, June 2011.

CREDIT: Shutterstock

As she promoted Transformers, Huntington-Whiteley proved shed learned a thing or two about fashion from the runway, strutting out in a series of show-stopping looks from brands including Michael Kors, Gucci and Antonio Berardi.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley wears a Gucci gown and strappy sandals at the 33rd Annual Moscow Film Festival in June 2011.

CREDIT: Shutterstock

The A-lister got the chance to show off her press tour chops again while promoting Mad Max: Fury Road in 2015, attending the premiere in a Rodarte look with soaring Christian Louboutin pumps.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley arrives at the Los Angeles premiere of Mad Max: Fury Road wearing a Rodarte dress with Christian Louboutin pumps on May 7, 2015.

CREDIT: Jordan Strauss/Shutterstock

In June 2017, Huntington-Whiteley gave birth to her first child, Jack, with actor fianc Jason Statham. Although she didnt make many appearances while pregnant, Huntington-Whiteley showed off her growing bump in style at the 2017 Vanity FairOscars party, sporting a silver Versace gown as she and Statham walked the carpet.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley wears a Versace gown with Jason Statham
at the Vanity Fair Oscar Party in Los Angeles, Feb. 26, 2017.

CREDIT: Matt Baron/Shutterstock

Some of the models most memorable looks have come while supporting Statham. At the August 2018 premiere of his film The Meg, she wore a glamorous Stella McCartney gown with sleek Jimmy Choo sandals an outfit that many felt resembled an iconic 90s look worn by Elizabeth Hurley.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and Jason Statham attend The Meg premiere in August 2018.

CREDIT: Shutterstock

More recently, Huntington-Whiteley has solidified her status as a trendsetter, embracing Bottega Venetas trend-forward high-heeled thongs and quilted square-toe sandals.

Rosie Huntington-Whiteley in head-to-heel Bottega Veneta in New York on Nov. 7.

CREDIT: Shutterstock

As 2020 approaches, more great fashion moments are likely on the horizon for the Brit. She is set to host and produce a new beauty show to debut in the new year.

Click through the gallery to see more photos showing Rosie Huntington-Whiteleys style evolution.

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From confusing ‘Quds’ and ‘Kurds’ to killing Soleimani: Trump’s evolution on Iran’s terror chief in Iraq – Washington Examiner

In the fall of 2015, then-candidate Donald Trump didnt seem to know who Qassem Soleimani was, confusing Irans elite military Quds Force for the Kurds, an ethnic group.

But four years later, the president killed Irans terror chief in Iraq.

Soleimani made the death of innocent people his sick passion, but his reign of terror is over, Trump said from Mar-a-Lago in Florida on Friday. What the United States did yesterday should have been done long ago.

Trumps shifting focus to Soleimani, who the U.S. government holds responsible for killing hundreds of U.S. soldiers, is interesting although not surprising from the real estate tycoon turned commander-in-chief who made opposition to the Obama administrations catastrophic Iran nuclear deal which eased sanctions and gave it a much-needed influx of cash a centerpiece of his presidential campaign. After winning, Trump withdrew from the deal and made a maximum pressure campaign against the regime a priority, ratcheting up sanctions and labeling the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and its specialized Quds Force a foreign terrorist organization.

Trump appeared on Hugh Hewitts radio show in early September 2015, where the conservative host conducted his typical trivia-style interview, probing the GOP front-runner's foreign policy knowledge.

Are you familiar with Gen. Soleimani? Hewitt asked.

Trump hesitantly replied, Yes I go ahead, give me a little go ahead. Tell me.

He runs the Quds Forces, Hewitt explained.

The host began to ask the candidate about Soleimani, but Trump interjected, confusing the Quds Force with the Kurds.

And I think the Kurds, by the way, have been horribly mistreated by us, Trump said.

No, not the Kurds, the Quds Forces, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Quds Forces, Hewitt replied. The bad guys.

I thought you said Kurds, Trump said.

Hewitt pressed again, asking Trump whether he believed Soleimanis behavior would change thanks to the Iran nuclear deal.

I think that Iran right now is in the drivers seat to do whatever they want to do, Trump said.

Hewitt analogized, Soleimani is to terrorism sort of what Trump is to real estate, and he said, Many people would say hes the most dangerous man in the world, and he runs the Quds Forces, which is their Navy SEALs.

At this, Trump correctly surmised that Soleimani was the Iranian official hed read about in the news who had traveled to Moscow to meet with Russias leaders.

Not good, Trump said.

The future president admonished Hewitt for his questioning.

When youre asking me about whos running this, this, this, thats not I will be so good at the military your head spin, Trump said, labeling these gotcha questions.

The segment became a storyline in the GOP primary, dominating cable news for a day or two as Trumps rivals jumped on the flub.

But after his 2016 victory, Trump focused on the global terrorism carried out by Irans revolutionary guard.

The Iranian regime is the leading state sponsor of terror, it exports dangerous missiles, fuels conflicts across the Middle East, and supports terrorist proxies and militias, Trump said in a May 2018 announcing the U.S. withdrawal from the Iran deal. Over the years, Iran and its proxies have bombed American embassies and military installations, murdered hundreds of American servicemembers, and kidnapped, imprisoned, and tortured American citizens Since the agreement, Irans bloody ambitions have grown only more brazen.

Trump and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced last spring that the State Department was designating the revolutionary guard a foreign terrorist organization, classifying an element of a foreign government as a terrorist group for the first time.

"The IRGC is the Iranian governments primary means of directing and implementing its global terrorist campaign," Trump said.

With this designation, we are sending a clear signal to the Iranian regime including Qasem Soleimani and his band of thugs that we are standing up to the regimes outlaw behavior," said Pompeo. The blood of the 603 American soldiers ... is on his hands and the hands of the IRGC more broadly."

The State Department revealed Iran is responsible for the deaths of at least 603 American service members in Iraq, many resulting from improvised explosive devices and other attacks aided by the revolutionary guard and Soleimanis group.

The violent storming of the grounds of the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad this week followed the Iraqi governments condemnation of U.S. airstrikes targeting Kataib Hezbollah, an Iranian-backed militia in the pro-Iran Popular Mobilization Forces guided by Soleimani and his adviser Abu Mahdi al Muhandis, also killed yesterday. The U.S. blamed Kataib Hezbollah for attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, including the death of a U.S. contractor. Soleimanis and Muhandiss men showed up at the embassy in droves on Tuesday, along with members of other Iranian-aligned groups.

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From confusing 'Quds' and 'Kurds' to killing Soleimani: Trump's evolution on Iran's terror chief in Iraq - Washington Examiner

Take a look at Deepika Padukones beauty and fashion evolution from 2007 to 2020 on her 34th birthday… – Hindustan Times

If theres one actor who has captured public imagination with her beauty and her acting prowess over the past few years, its Deepika Padukone. In the years shes been active in the Hindi film industry (2007 onwards), there isnt enough that has already been spoken about Deepikas style and how she is truly magical whether on screen or on the red carpet. Her skill infront of the camera and the choices shes made have got her the accolades in these years, but its her beauty and style evolution that truly takes the cake.

Weve witnessed how Deepika has cultivated a signature sense of style and beauty through a constant evolution whether in terms of her makeup or fashion choices.

From ultra glossy lips, coloured contact lenses and poker straight hair in a few of her earlier films, to smokey eyes, tousled hair and even a new haircut more recently, weve seen how Deepika Padukones image only gets fiercer with each passing year. From powerful pant-suits to gowns to fitted monochrome dresses to sarees, with help from her stylist Shaleena Nathani, make-up artist Sandhya Shekar and hairstylist Gabriel Georgiou, Deepika never misses the opportunity to leave us starstruck.

Deepika Padukone has worn several interesting and innovative creations by fashion designers namely Prabal Gurung, Ashi Studio, Zuhair Murad, Giambattista Valli, Emilia Wickstead to name a few. When it comes to choosing traditional Indian wear, Sabyasachi has Deepikas go-to designer who also did most of her bridal trousseau and jewellery for her November 2018 wedding. More recently however, weve spotted her in dresses with an Indian twist and heavily-embroidered suits at a friends wedding, followed by her first anniversary celebrations. For Chhapaak promotions, Deepikas back to experimentation but has chosen ample black outfits in the past two weeks.

The one thing we did notice Deepika Padukone kept a constant was her choice of the colour red in several of her outfits over the last many years. We even came to the conclusion that there is not quite anyone else in Bollywood who looks so good in red that we can hardly ascertain if she belongs to the colour red or the colour red belongs to her. More recently (mid-2019), weve seen this choice of colour shifting to a lot of whites. It was also in 2019, when Deepika broke her comfortable image and went all out to give the legendary tulle their moment under the sun (or the limelight) since she wore the lime-green Giambattista Valli gown (the hot pink Ashi Studio gown did make waves and was spoken about once again when Beyonce wore the same creation, but Cannes 2019 red carpet seemed like a renewed effort), followed by the black and pink gown at one of MAMIs events in 2019. We dont know what to call this phase, but it could be Ranveer Singhs experimental trait that Deepika has begun adopting and were surely not complaining.

As the actor turns 34 today and prepares for the release what she calls the toughest film of her career yet, Chhapaak, heres a throwback to her beauty and style evolution from year 2007 onwards:

2007: The debutante Deepika Padukone attended one of her first film promotions for Om Shanti Om in London in an ultra-feminine make-up look.

2008: Deepika Padukone kicked off her Bollywood career choosing to adopt a less is more look. For a press conference for her film Bachna Ae Haseeno, she went for dramatic lashes, and otherwise subtle makeup.

2009: Sporting eyeliner, lip gloss, and poker straight hair with an in-your-face fringe, Deepika Padukones goth-glam look for Chandni Chowk To China is one of her more daring looks yet.

2010: Deepika Padukone added a cool, casual vibe to her look with a layered short haircut and soft, smokey eyes at a launch event for a magazine. Her look is playful and vibrant with a little detour from her usual hair and make-up routine.

2011: We saw the very beginning of Deepika Padukones glam curls, when she paired them with a radiant skin and a coral-shade for her lips.

2012: The year 2012 and her role as Veronica was a breakthrough in many ways when we speak of Deepikas fashion. When it comes to sprucing up the basic ponytail, Deepika is an ace. At an event to promote her then upcoming film, she wore a dreamy, curled, low ponytail with subtle winged liner and a muted, natural lip shade.

via GIPHY

2013: Deepika Padukone stunned the Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani trailer launch with her natural-looking, long, blow-dried hair. As for her make-up, she amped up the glam factor with a some eyeliner, rosy cheeks, and a pink glossy lip. Her looks in the film still remain one of the most-talked-about ones whether its the midnight blue saree or the lehenga that she wore throughout Kalkis characters wedding functions in the film.

2014: Deepika Padukone made this fabulous retro hairdo look glam and casual at the same time during an award show appearance. Shes wearing a bold lip and big lashes a timeless, fierce look that looks fabulous on her.

2015: Deepika Padukone pulled off a sexy smokey eye makeup and bold red lip in this look of hers for a TV show appearance.

2016: This Deepika Padukone look created quite a of buzz. The actor chose minimal make-up, wearing a nude lipper and natural lashes. She paired her dazzling olive and black thigh-high slit ensemble with shoulder dusters (tassel earrings).

2017: Everything about Deepika Padukones Cannes Film Festival 2018 look spells perfection. The tousled, fluffy hair with beaming highlight and the elegant yet sultry makeup choice created a divine, yet slightly retro look.

2018: At a red carpet event, donning an all-black ensemble, Deepika Padukone stole the spotlight with her long, braided, high ponytail. Her minimal make-up and dramatic eyes were the perfect companion for the extravagant hair and traffic-stopping outfit. 2018 was also the year we were treated to her bridal outfits and the functions that followed and weve been more in love since.

2019: With a completely new hair-do and lots of interesting looks Deepika Padukone has sported in 2019 with a bit of a spillover onto this year, fashion-lovers can opine that its the best year yet for the actors fashion sensibilties, after probably her glorious looks for Cocktail back in 2012.

Heres wishing the powerhouse talent a great year ahead!

(Pictures from Instagram)

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Take a look at Deepika Padukones beauty and fashion evolution from 2007 to 2020 on her 34th birthday... - Hindustan Times

THE EVOLUTION OF THE US NEOBANK MARKET: Why the US digital-only banking space may finally be poised for the sp – Business Insider India

What is a neobank?

Neobanks, digital-only banks that aren't saddled by traditional banking technology and costly networks of physical branches, have been working to redefine retail banking in major markets around the world.

The top neobanks in the US and EU include:

That's largely because of an onerous regulatory regime, which has made it very difficult to obtain a banking license, and the entrenched position incumbents hold in the financial lives of US consumers. Navigating the tedious and costly scheme for obtaining a banking charter and appropriate approvals has been a major stumbling block for the country's digital banking upstarts. However, developments over the past year suggest these startups are finally poised for the spotlight in the US.

Consumers', particularly millennials', growing frustration with legacy banking service providers, combined with their increased appetite for digital solutions, has accelerated the shift to digital-only banking. Startups and tech-savvy players are redefining the retail banking space and forcing incumbents to either evolve or lose out on this key business segment.

In The Evolution of the US Neobank Market, Business Insider Intelligence maps out the factors contributing to this shifting tide, examines how key players are positioning themselves to take advantage, and explores how incumbents can embark on their own digital transformations to stave off disruption.

The companies mentioned in this report include: Aspiration, Chime, Goldman Sachs' Marcus, JPMorgan Chase's Finn, N26, and Revolut.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the report:

Interested in getting the full report? Here are four ways to get access:

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THE EVOLUTION OF THE US NEOBANK MARKET: Why the US digital-only banking space may finally be poised for the sp - Business Insider India

How fish fins evolved on the way to land-ready limbs – Futurity: Research News

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Fossilized fish from the late Devonian period, roughly 375 million years ago, are shedding light on the evolution of fins as they began to transition into limbs fit for walking on land.

The study uses CT scanning to examine the shape and structure of fin rays still encased in surrounding rock. The imaging tools allowed the researchers to construct digital 3D models of the entire fin of the fishapod Tiktaalik roseae and its relatives in the fossil record for the first time. They could then use these models to infer how the fins worked and changed as they evolved into limbs.

Much of the research on fins during this key transitional stage focuses on the large, distinct bones and pieces of cartilage that correspond to those of our upper arm, forearm, wrist, and digits. Known as the endoskeleton, researchers trace how these bones changed to become recognizable arms, legs, and fingers in tetrapods, or four-legged creatures.

The delicate rays and spines of a fishs fins form a second, no less important dermal skeleton, which was also undergoing evolutionary changes in this period. Researchers often overlook these pieces because they can fall apart when the animals are fossilized or because fossil preparators remove them intentionally to reveal the larger bones of the endoskeleton. Dermal rays form most of the surface area of many fish fins but were completely lost in the earliest creatures with limbs.

Were trying to understand the general trends and evolution of the dermal skeleton before all those other changes happened and fully-fledged limbs evolved, says Thomas Stewart, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Chicago who led the new study. If you want to understand how animals were evolving to use their fins in this part of history, this is an important data set.

Stewart and his colleagues worked with three late Devonian fishes with primitive features of tetrapods: Sauripterus taylori, Eusthenopteron foordi, and Tiktaalik roseae, which a team led by paleontologist Neil Shubin, the senior author of the new study, discovered in 2006. Sauripterus and Eusthenopteron were believed to have been fully aquatic and used their pectoral fins for swimming, although they may have been able to prop themselves up on the bottom of lakes and streams.

Tiktaalik may have been able to support most of its weight with its fins and perhaps even used them to venture out of the water for short trips across shallows and mudflats.

By seeing the entire fin of Tiktaalik we gain a clearer picture of how it propped itself up and moved about. The fin had a kind of palm that could lie flush against the muddy bottoms of rivers and streams, Shubin says.

The researchers scanned specimens of these fossils while still encased in rock. Using imaging software, they then reconstructed 3D models that allowed them to move, rotate, and visualize the dermal skeleton as if it were completely extracted from the surrounding material.

The models showed that the fin rays of these animals were simplified, and the overall size of the fin web was smaller than that of their fishier predecessors. Surprisingly, they also saw that the top and bottom of the fins were becoming asymmetric. Pairs of bones actually form fin rays. In Eusthenopteron, for example, the dorsal, or top, fin ray was slightly larger and longer than the ventral, or bottom one. Tiktaaliks dorsal rays were several times larger than its ventral rays, suggesting that it had muscles that extended on the underside of its fins, like the fleshy base of the palm, to help support its weight.

This provides further information that allows us to understand how an animal like Tiktaalik was using its fins in this transition, Stewart says. Animals went from swimming freely and using their fins to control the flow of water around them, to becoming adapted to pushing off against the surface at the bottom of the water.

Stewart and his colleagues also compared the dermal skeletons of living fish like sturgeon and lungfish to understand the patterns they were seeing in the fossils. They saw some of the same asymmetrical differences between the top and bottom of the fins, suggesting that those changes played a larger role in the evolution of fishes.

That gives us more confidence and another data set to say these patterns are real, widespread, and important for fishes, not just in the fossil record as it relates to the fin-to-limb transition, but the function of fins broadly.

The study appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Support for the study came from the Brinson Foundation, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, and the National Science Foundation. Additional authors are from the University of Wisconsin-Parkside and Drexel University.

Source: University of Chicago

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How fish fins evolved on the way to land-ready limbs - Futurity: Research News

Sports talk radio: The evolution of how we analyze sports – Elite Sports NY

As we head into a new decade, it is interesting how sports talk radio evolves. How did this form of media become so powerful?

Well, here is an excerpt from my book, Press Box Revolution, on how this happened. I talk about WFAN and its really appropriate to involve both Mike Francesa and Don Imus. The radio legends influence greatly impacted this evolution.

With the passing of Imus, its important to remember his crucial role over the last several decades.

It is impossible to overstate the impact the advent of sports talk radio has had on the media landscape over the past thirty years. Social media and the Internet have also been played a large role but sports talk radio has been responsible for providing the impetus that has shaped our changing sports world.

I remember distinctly where I was when I heard about WFAN taking over the signal of country music station WHN (1050 AM). I was eating lunch with some of my Sports Phone colleagues and we were ecstatic because we thought it would be the perfect place to take the next step in our careers.

But all of our hopes were dashed rather quickly when we found out that WFANs parent company, Emmis Communications, would not hire any current Sports Phone employees. Officially, we were told all positions were filled but we knew better as we heard rumblings from the inside that station management felt our company was a direct competitor. I had a couple of problems with this. First, we were not nearly as direct a competitor as a radio station waswe were a phone service. Also, why wouldnt they want to hire competitors? It made no sense.

By doing this, they passed over talented broadcasters such as Bob Papa which is ironic when you consider he now does the play-by-play for Giants football games for the station. In fairness to the current management team, I firmly believe had they been in charge at the time, both Mark Chernoff and Eric Spitz would have handled it differently. Their predecessors hired mostly out of towners and the problem with that was they lacked a feel for the pulse of the New York sports fan.

Jim Lampley and Greg Gumbel are fine broadcasters but New Yorkers did not gravitate to them and Pete Franklin, the afternoon show host from Cleveland, didnt really understand the give and take with the New York sports fan. They were flying in talent on a weekly basis, spending tons of money and not getting much in the way of ratings or revenue. The weak 1050 signal was an issue as well and the first eighteen months of the stations existence was tough and many experts felt they would not survive.

There were some positives, however. Mike Francesa, Ed Coleman, and Howie Rose were a trio of solid pros that would help shape the future of WFAN. In addition, Emmis inherited the right to broadcast Mets games from purchasing the 1050 real estate and that gave them live sports every night during the summer.

Looking back, a number of things went wrong from the start. Franklin was just the wrong guy at the wrong time. He signed a two-year pact worth $600,000 which in those days was a pretty steep price tag for a radio host, even in New York. He was gruff with the callers and never quite understood that New York, unlike Cleveland, has multiple teams in every sport, and you should at least try to give fair and balanced reporting. He used sound effects but only to demean callers and his act wore thin very quickly.

Jim Lampley and Greg Gumbel were far too stiff to appeal to the listeners and quite frankly, advertisers were not flocking to WFAN aside from the clients they had on Mets broadcasts.

But that big trio of pros I mentioned earlier helped keep the ship afloat.

Howie Rose was a big contributor in those early years as Mets broadcasts were making money for the station (one of the few things that did) and Rose hosted Mets Extra, a pre- and postgame show that was far ahead of its time. The show originally debuted on WHN during the 1986 postseason with Dave Cohen and Rusty Staub co-hosting but Rose took over on WHN at the start of the 1987 season. Once Emmis bought the station, Rose gave WFAN listeners an inside look at the team and played psychiatrist with unhappy fans after a tough loss.

The show was produced on-site at Shea Stadium after home games but was done at WFAN studios which at the time were in Astoria, New York when the Mets were on the road. Kenny Albert, son of the great sportscaster Marv Albert, served as the primary associate producer, one of his first jobs in the business. Of course, Rangers fans came to know Kenny as the radio voice of the team, as his dad had been years earlier. He would go on to a great career, becoming a national voice as well with FOX Sports.

Ed Coleman is perhaps the most versatile sportscaster I have ever been around. Eddie can do an update, a sports talk show, a pre- or postgame show coupled with a solid ability to do play-by-play. Successful companies in any business always have unsung heroes that allow management to better utilize their entire staff and Coleman has always done that for WFAN. The only other talent I have been around that carries this level of versatility is Don LaGreca who in many ways does for ESPN New York what Ed does for WFAN.

Mike Francesa originally turned down a producer spot on the station but his persistence paid off as he was given a weekend show that featured college football and basketball analysis. Francesa had spent many years as a researcher and his command of the college scene was second to none.

Despite this talented trio, the station floundered for a year and a half until they received the gift that vaulted them into success. General Electric, who at the time owned NBC, sold their New York station, WNBC 660AM to Emmis, who moved WFAN down the dial. The move, which occurred on October 7, 1988, improved the stations signal. That night, the scheduled National League Championship Series game between the Dodgers and Mets was rained out but listeners got to hear the difference in how WFAN sounded on their new powerful 50,000-watt signal.

I remember driving to Shea Stadium to cover the game that night and was blown away by the difference in the sound on my car radio. The deal with NBC also brought Don Imus to the station and this saved the day. The morning show WFAN had been airing was hosted by Greg Gumbel and I knew this change was just what the station needed as I was an intern when Don Imus shared the spotlight at WNBC with Howard Stern.

This was a huge coup for WFAN and I have to laugh when I hear people say WFAN proved all-sports radio works. In all honesty, had Imus not arrived in 1988 I am not sure wed be talking about how successful WFAN became because he bridged the sports fanatic with the casual sports fan in a way that no other person was capable of doing.

The greatest illustration of this was Imus utilizing Mike Breen for early morning sportscasts. I went to Fordham with Breen and always knew his sense of humor coupled with his sports knowledge always provided a great listen. Breen did an incredible job, showing he knew how to capture an audience even if Imus constantly interrupted his reports. In fact, so many talk show hosts try to do that now but nobody has ever done it as well as the combination of Breen and Imus.

There were other changes on the horizon as WFAN began branding their updates as 20-20 sports flashes. I could often be heard giving live reports from events as a freelancer on those updates. I freelanced for a bunch of stations, including WFAN, and that is where I first met Chris Russo. We sat together in the press box one night and talked sports for the entire game. He was doing a sports show a WMCA at the time and invited me on quite a few times to provide updates during his show while I was covering the Mets.

You could tell right off the bat that he was a real go-getter. His on-air style was different and many of my colleagues thought his voice was very irritating, but I enjoyed listening to him from the beginning.

Something which impressed me right away was his impressive knowledge of sports history. He could recall even the most minor detail which would connect a point he was trying to make on the air. Years later, he still does it as well as anybody.

In the meantime, Don Imus and afternoon show host Pete Franklin began taking shots at each other which made for great radio. You could see Don was just having fun but Pete was getting heated in his discussions, referring to him as Minus while the morning show host called Franklin a dinosaur among other things. I think it soured Franklin on WFAN and both sides had enough of each other so they parted ways in August of 1989.

This was important because Russo had since joined the station as a part-timer while Mike Francesa parlayed his WFAN weekend gig into a daily show with Ed Coleman. The station was searching for an afternoon sports show duo, and I am sure Don Imus was heavily involved in the decision to pair Chris Russo with Mike Francesa. By this time, the nickname Mad Dog starting to grow with the help of columnist Bob Raissman who coined the phrase and Don Imus who drove it into the heads of WFAN listeners.

On Sept. 5, 1989, the duo was paired on an afternoon talk show that would be like no other. Here were two guys that would change the way we talk about sports and the show started at a time when the New York Mets had become a team you could find on both the front page and the back page.

The Mets were in the news constantly in those days, good and bad. There were court cases, police incidents, off the field fights, and Mike and The Mad Dog took listeners through it every step of the way while pulling no punches.

They also put some radio stereotypes to bed. Neither had the classic radio sound but their success made that less important. They also refused to parrot the popular take and were not afraid to take guests to the mat when interviewing them. To this day, they both remain the best interviewers in our business by asking the questions we all wanted to be answered.

Another stereotype that they put in the grave was you couldnt be both a fan and a talk show host. This is one that is a pet peeve of mine because any talk show host that tells you they are not a fan of a team or a player is either lying or they dont have the passion to do that job. The people that call into these shows are fans because they listen to hours of sports talk per day and they dont want to hear politically correct drivelthey want passion and point of view. If you are totally objective, passion tends to get lost and they understood that better than anyone.

The combination of Imus in the Morning and Mike And The Mad Dog were the main reason that WFAN was the highest billing station in the country during the decade of the 1990s. From a reporters standpoint, you could not be in the press box without hearing the media talking about what they said on their shows.

I worked at WFAN as a reporter and production assistant during the 1990s when they were going through some tumultuous times. There were long stretches when they did not speak to each other for days off the air but still performed compelling shows. Honestly, I did not have too much direct interaction with Francesa since my shifts were usually at night but he was always pleasant to me even though I saw him big-time others. Honestly, I kind of understood it.

When Mike first landed the gig, there were actually people who said that he lucked out and did not pay his dues. Nothing could be further from the truth. He was at CBS during the heyday of The NFL Today and was instrumental in the production of that classic NFL pregame show. Brent Musburger, Jimmy The Greek, Irv Cross, and Phyllis George relied on Francesa, whose research was complete, accurate, and he always found something the viewers did not know.

He and moved up the ranks at WFAN and deserved everything he was given. He took the opportunity and ran with it. If there ever was a star that paid his dues, it would be Mike Francesa.

Russo, unlike Francesa, never big-timed anyone but sometimes I wish that he would have because the media was so phony to him. I knew him before he got to WFAN and he always had time for me.

He was exactly the same off the air as he was on the air. There is not a phony bone in Chris Russos body.

Of course, hes struck it rich but in many ways, hes still the same guy he was at WMCA. Sports is in his soul and he will have a debate with you all night and then go out for a beer to give you advice on your career. Mike and Chris are two very different personalities but together they were picture perfect and if they ever reunite they are the best duo that has ever been put together in the history of sports talk radio.

Mike and Chris had their show simulcast on the YES Network starting in 2002, allowing them to reach a wider audience around the country which further enhanced Mikes weekly football show which could be heard around the country on every NFL Sunday.

I often hear veteran writers telling me they are no longer sports fans and invariably, they are the ones who tell me they also hate their jobs. I do not think thats a coincidence. Baseball will always be in my soul because when I pull up to the park, Im a little kid again. Thats the same reaction Chris Russo gives when he opens his show by yelling into the microphone.

There are people that contend you MUST be objective always and I think thats true if you are a news reporter but sports is a recreational tool people use to forget their problems and part of that is being a fan. And Mike and the Mad Dog brought that into the mainstream when most others were afraid to admit their fandom. Some are still very afraid of it.

Another WFAN show host that is never afraid to show his fandom and has become one of the biggest stars there is Joe Benigno. His first taste of radio came about in 1994 when he guest-hosted a show after winning a contest held by WFAN management. His skills were raw but his passion for sports was obvious as he brought his heart to every broadcast after he was given the overnight shift on WFAN in 1995.

I became close friends with Joe because we both worked weird hours and he wore his heart on his sleeve as the teams he rooted for are the Mets, Knicks, Rangers and Jets. But the Jets were his most special team and he openly rooted for them on the air while at the same time being their harshest critic. To this day, I say Joes best shows came after Jets losses because his panic and grief came right to the surface. He was never afraid to show it and bonded with his fellow Jet fans on an overnight show which was actually therapeutic for the fan base after a brutal day watching their team.

I remember working the last Sunday of the NFL regular season in 1997 when a Jets win would have put them in the playoffs in Bill Parcellss first season as the Jets head coach. It was a tightly contested game with the Jets trailing 1310 late against the Lions in Detroit. Parcells was not a big fan of quarterback Neil ODonnell and many felt it affected his fourth-quarter game calling as a failed halfback option from Leon Johnson and an interception from second-string quarterback Ray Lucas ended the Jets playoff hopes.

I will never forget Joe entering the studio that night reeling from the game and cursing up a storm in the newsroom regarding Parcells. He felt his hatred for ODonnell clouded his judgment and he pinned this loss at the feet of the head coach. I did not disagree with him but I knew someone at the station that wouldMike Francesa, who was very close friends with Parcells.

Joe was getting more and testier as he prepared for his overnight show and I tried to calm him down, but he was ranting and raving like a caged prisoner. I actually began to get him more upset by sharing in his angst. When he hit the air, he let loose on Parcells and simply would not stop.

At this point, the phone rang and an intern answered it. It was Francesa, and he and Joe went at it over the phone. It filtered onto Joes show as Mike demanded air time and a fierce debate ensued that got personal. To his credit, Joe stayed on-topic, but their debate went on for close to 45 minutes. Poor Sam Ryan, who was doing updates, lost air time not knowing when she would go on as Francesa made it seem like he was executing a Senate filibuster about the issue.

This was great radio by two impassioned people who were not afraid to show their fandom for a team or an individual and it had the attention of every sports fan listening in New York. That is the very definition of sports talk radio.

The one show that seemed to be a revolving door for The Fan was middays. After Francesa left for his show with Mad Dog, the station tried a number of different combinations. Ed Coleman and Dave Sims had a very entertaining show through the mid-90s but the station hoped that Len Berman and Mike Lupica could co-host that slot. I had issues with that idea from the start as neither was a radio guy and there is a dynamic to a radio show that is sometimes difficult for writers or TV broadcasters to grasp.

Before it even began, Berman had second thoughts but WFAN would not let him out of his contract so they each did a separate two-hour show beginning at 10 a.m. ET. That did not last long, and then Russ Salzberg was teamed with overnight host Steve Somers (which made Benignos overnight show possible) which was coined The Sweater And The Schmoozer. Russ was known for wearing all different kinds of sweaters while Somers just loved talking to people.

Somers began his career in the early 70s and came to WFAN at its launch in 1987. manning the overnight shift until this opportunity presented itself. He really began to popularize his brand on this show using humor to talk about sports. But people fail to realize Somers was also a great resource for reporters as he personally helped me by giving us airtime on his show to help perfect our skills.

In 1999, the midday ratings were tanking so WFAN decided to fire Salzberg and Somers but after fans starting complaining they re-hired Somers and gave him a prime-time show that would be pre-empted on most nights by a game as the station was carrying a Mets, Jets, Knicks, and Rangers broadcasts by this time.

The next midday show was handled by Suzyn Waldman, who did a great job of covering both the Yankees and Knicks for the station, and Jody McDonald, who, like Suzyn, was an original WFAN member that hosted weekend overnights in the very beginning. This was a great partnership as Waldman knew so much about what was going on in the team clubhouses while Jody was one of the first pros that actually acknowledged the popularity of fantasy sports. He also understood the passion fans had for wrestling as Rich Mancuso often appeared on his shows to talk about the WWF (before they changed to WWE).

In 2001, Waldman left the station to join the YES Network and was replaced by Sid Rosenberg, whose offbeat personality sometimes overshadowed his outstanding sports knowledge. Sid and Jody McDonald tried hard to boost ratings, but to no avail. McDonald was let go and Joe Benigno was moved into the slot, leaving the overnight show a revolving door to this day.

Joe and Sid were able to mesh well and they captured the fans need for sports talk around lunchtime. But Sid had a bunch of demons that he has bravely fought off in the past few years. At that time, he was very talented but reckless with his on-air responsibilities resulting in his being removed from the show, forcing Joe to fly solo for over a year until the station found the answer to their prayers in Evan Roberts.

With the exception of the Francesa/Coleman duo in the early years of WFAN, Roberts and Benigno are the best duo in this time slot Ive ever heard. They are years apart in terms of age but are a shining illustration that sports bridges those gaps. They appeal to a plethora of demographic groups because they never scold listenersthey listen and will debate them but always treat all of them with a respect level rarely seen.

As WFAN continued its growth in both ratings and revenue, sports stations started cropping up all over the country but they flew solo in New York for a long time. There were some brief competitors such as Sporting News Radio, which existed in some form on 620 AM in New York from 2001 through 2011. Aside from Scott Wetzel and Bruce Jacobs, who formed a great morning show that actually brought in some listeners, most of the programming never caught the ear of the New York sports fan. Sporting News Radio was formerly One on One Sports but neither organization effectively cut into the listenership of WFAN in any meaningful way and is now called SB Nation Radio.

I spent most of my time in the early 90s working at ABC Radio and lived through a transition of that organization as most of the networks sports resources were being directed towards ESPN Radio, which launched on Jan. 1, 1992 at Sports Radio ESPN.

By then, ESPN had become such a big part of the sports fan experience especially once their SportsCenter program began to change the way fans looked at sports. The sports anchor had always been defined as a person who gave the scores and big news of the day but rarely inflected their own personality in those reports. The one exception to that was Warner Wolf who delivered a nightly sports report complete with highlights.

Warner gave us a look at the future with his catchphrase Lets go to the videotape. He clearly understood that his personality was important in developing a brand. This is a concept that ESPN employs to this day as SportsCenter is more than a highlight showit is a place where segments like The Top 10 highlights of the day and Web Gems were born.

Anchors like Keith Olbermann, Stuart Scott, Rich Eisen and Kenny Mayne each had a distinct personality. To me, the greatest of these stars was the late Stuart Scott, who brought hip-hop culture into his delivery. His catchphrases became legendary, and my favorite was Just call him butter cause hes on a roll, which described a player on a hot streak.

The combination of the migration of the nightly sports report courtesy of SportsCenter coupled with the evolution of sports talk radio brought about the genesis of ESPN Radio. The channels signature show for many years was Mike and Mike. They spent more than seventeen years together in the morning and proved that not every sports morning show needs to be a shouting match. They have their fierce debates but really began to perfect the biggest revenue grabber in the businessembedded messaging in the program for advertisers and many have tried to copy that concept but few have done it as well.

Sports Radio ESPN only aired on weekends at the start. It provided updated scores and talk shows but did not take calls from listeners, which I think was a huge mistake. Those weekend shows pulled in good ratings during football season, but I learned a valuable lesson seeing the birth of this network up close.

You can accumulate as many affiliates as you want but if you do not have real estate in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles, your revenue model falls apart. ESPN attempted to get around that by clearing programming in New York as WFAN ran some ESPN programming especially after they gained NBA broadcasting rights in 1995 and MLB rights in 1997. They cleared many of those games for ESPN here locally but the worldwide leader needed clearance in New York for other programming after they expanded to a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week format in 1996.

This became a pressing issue for them even though some of their radio shows began to be simulcast on ESPN2, ad sales dollars began to level off, and the revenue model was shaky at best. In 2002, they made the move they needed to makeentering into an agreement with New York station WEVD which was ironically located in the same position on the dial where WFAN first entered our lives.

The first all-sports day on 1050 was Sept. 2, 2001, just nine days before the 9-11 attacks. The station began running the ESPN national feed and was hoping to filter in local programming to give WFAN a run for their money. But even to this day, the impact on WFAN has been pretty negligible and I am telling you that as someone who still does work for them.

They never quite understood that to do sports talk in this market is impossible if you are not going to dive into the pool. There have been times where the local angle was played up but they never kept it on a consistent basis. In fairness to management there, Bristol, not New York, runs the show there.

Still, they have always reached out to me to help with their coverage of the Mets. In 2006, they asked me to cover the postseason for them and followed it up by asking me to be a beat reporter in the same way Ed Coleman covered the Mets for WFAN. The problem was they had no money to send me on the road so I brokered a trade deal with an advertiser that paid for all the travel. I broke some stories and appeared nightly on a show called New York Baseball Tonight which previewed the night of baseball from both the Yankees and Mets perspectives.

Andrew Marchand and Larry Hardesty covered the Yankees while I covered the Mets. The show was a great alternative to the Mets pregame show on WFAN. It featured a one-on-one interview with both a Yankee and Met player plus pregame sound. In fact, we aired the Met and Yankee manager pregame sessions way before anybody aired it as we played excerpts on The Michael Kay Show.

The station faced many obstacles but the backroom production team was not one of them. I worked together with pros like Ryan Hurley and Andrew Gundling whose main goal was to get content on the air and they did it so well. Both of those producers would be on a shortlist of people I would give the keys to if I ever owned a radio station.

New York Baseball Tonight was the brainchild of Pete Silverman, who had spent years at MSG and to this day remains someone that gave me so much in terms of coaching.

ESPN Radio had the chance to put a crack into the WFAN ratings in 2008 when Chris Russo left WFAN to join SiriusXM. The two satellite companies brokered a merger earlier in the year and they offered Chris Russo his own channel known as Mad Dog Radio. Many suggested it happened because of a falling out between him and Francesa. I do think there were some times they fought about issues but this move was about money and not much else.

They did their last show together on Aug. 8, 2008, from the Giants training facility in Albany. Six days later, WFAN and Russo officially decided to part ways, leaving Mike Francesa alone to keep the program alive.

The previous year Don Imus was forced to leave the station after he referred to the Rutgers womens basketball team in a derogatory manner both sexually and racially. It was an issue that forced WFAN to fire him after they thought a two-week suspension would be a just punishment. CBS, who picked up ownership of WFAN in 1997, felt the public outcry was too much and so they severed ties with Imus.

In a mere sixteen months, the two biggest revenue sources of WFAN had left the station. It could have signaled a changing of the guard in the New York sports radio market.

Many 1050 ESPN executives pontificated that this was the opening they were waiting for but their actions illustrated that nothing was going to change much in the near future. I never quite understood why ESPN did not take the ball and run with especially with the fact that an ESPN New York website was on the horizon. The simple fact was they were not equipped to handle the conversion.

A managerial switch brought Dave Roberts to the station in 2009 and many of the moves that would provide a local flavor to the station went out the window. I got the sense that Dave was a nice guy but did not understand the flavor of New York radio. And across town, WFAN had two absolute pros at it in Mark Chernoff and Eric Spitz. Quite frankly, Roberts was no match for them.

Boomer Esiason, former Jets quarterback and Craig Carton had taken over Imuss slot and immediately provided listeners with a sports show that considered no topics taboo. It was almost as if these two had been together forever and Carton knew how to play an audience. Boomer Esiason is a brilliant host whose command of the business goes far beyond the sport of football. He is a true sports expert in every way and Carton is an indispensable part of WFAN because he connects directly to the fans and provides one of two emotions-you either want to hug him or strangle him. Jerry Reccos interaction with Boomer and Carton is the closest thing Ive ever seen to the Mike Breen/Don Imus connection.

In my opinion, Imus was the best morning host I ever heard on a sports station and although Id put Boomer and Carton behind Imus, Id have to place every other morning show well behind this duo.

At the same time, they explored giving Mike Francesa a co-host but he demonstrated he could do a great job as a solo act. I firmly believe the split up benefited both Francesa and Russo. They have both proved they can breed success in any setting. WFAN was able to survive the losses of Imus and Russo that most thought would bring them back to the pack.

Thats not to say 1050 ESPN lacked for talent. The Michael Kay Show is a superbly produced property and both Michael Kay and Don La Greca form a duo that would beat 99 of 100 sports shows in the world. They bring a real personal touch to what they talk about and have a great way of interviewing guests as well as allowing fans to speak their mind in a respectful and open forum.

They have never had a lead-in show that brought in anywhere near the listeners that Joe & Evan pull in for the FAN. They also do not have local baseball broadcasting rights for either of the New York teams which would provide inventory that could command high revenue. Getting a YES simulcast was a great start but they need to get the sales team to sell every inch of real estate on their shows. Kay and LaGrecas names on embedded in-show messaging carry a lot of weight and sales management needs to demand their account executives understand that. These two are the face of the franchise.In many ways, The Michael Kay Show is on an island there and I firmly believe nobody could do more with the limited resources they possess than they do. I have appeared on that show a number of times and from my experience, I can tell that Kay and LaGreca are both true professionals in every way.

With Francesa leaving WFAN at the end of this year, I sincerely hope ESPN will put the money and resources into this show by providing better lead-ins and the capital to get them where they belongNo. 1 in their time slot. Kay and LaGreca are capable, but management needs to step up and support them so they can reach the heights we all know they are capable of achieving.

Aside from the local sports stations, satellite radio has blossomed in the last decade to be a major player in the sports media marketplace. There was a time when some felt satellite radio would never catch on. Two things pushed it alonga loan from Liberty Media and increased penetration into the automobile satellite installation business.

If you want to pinpoint one thing that saved the day, it was Howard Stern and every person working there today owes him a debt of gratitude. He could generate money if he uttered three words and then left for the day because the three words would spike subscribers. I briefly ran into him when I interned at NBC years ago and he was entertaining then but is ten times entertaining now. When I worked at News 12 in Westchester, I served as a production assistant on one of his pay per view shows and it an indescribable experience. He was super nice to all of us and in many ways should serve as an example for people that dont know how to make their brand profitable.

I worked at SiriusXM in a sales and programming senior management position while I was between ESPN gigs and I must say there were issues right off the bat. The merger was still in its infancy stage but instead of consolidating things they treated it like Noahs Arkthey had two of everything. Two sales software systems, two automation systems, two control room facilities, two totally different master control processes, and an ad sales team that had trouble making the grade.

I tried to persuade them to use Wide Orbit, a sales software system that was quickly becoming state of the art in the industry. I begged them to use it but they resisted. They finally installed it five years after I urged them to do it. Sales-wise, they sold out Howard Stern, but little else. I never quite understood how the NFL Channel, Mad Dog Radio, and even the Martha Stewart Channel were undersold. These channels should have sold themselvesthey had Stern and could then force customers to buy other channels if they wanted Stern but somehow that never happened.

They also had a large number of live sports and very rarely sold itevents such as the World Cup, World Series, Super Bowl, and the NBA Finals were grossly undersold not to mention college bowls and even the NCAA Basketball Tournament. I would never blame the salespeople because they were not given the proper direction. I also found it astounding that inventory sell-out levels was never used to spike pricing. The sad part was the programming was outstanding and more channels were cropping up like the Sports Fantasy Channel that should have been a cash cow. I worked in sales for companies that had far less brand recognition than Sirius XM and they brought tons more ad sales revenue than their Sirius XM counterparts.

The sports division is manned by Steve Cohen, whom I always respected for his sports knowledge as well as his honest approach to managing people. The Mad Dog Channel is armed with pros such as Steve Torre and Scott Wetzel who have paid their dues and can attract listeners the moment they speak into the microphone. Wetzel is one of few people WFAN missed the boat on as hes a talk show host that took a single concept like opposite picks and made it a recognizable characteristic of his brand. He picks games by taking the opposite team he chose initially which sounds silly but spikes conversation from callers.

Following the SiriusXM merger, Mel Karmazin became CEO of the company and had very mixed reviews. There is no question he is an adept businessman that knows how to make money but I never thought he let ideas ferment and grow. Often times, he would make changes just for the sake of making them and brought in a head of ad sales who had no broadcast experience at all, making process implementation impossible to execute.

I was not surprised that Sirius XM became more successful after he left because his successor, James Meyer, understands that quality employees bring a value that should never be underestimated and at the same time, subpar employees must be shown the door. The two go hand in hand. The old management would rarely fire anyone; they would just make their lives so miserable they would voluntarily leave the company.

I only stayed at SiriusXM for a few months, but I learned in that time how NOT to manage people and how to spot great managers like Steve Cohen or Steve Torre.

So how has sports radio and satellite radio changed the business? It made reporters rely on reaching fans with instant messaging as well as topics to debate until the games got underway. It also began the demise of the print industry as tomorrows newspaper would never have the clout that sports talk radio or satellite radio could provide. But it also eliminated so many full-time gigs as independent contractors and freelancers have become more plentiful these days than staff positions.

Don Imus, Mike Francesa, Chris Russo and Howard Stern stand alone as the voices that shaped the foundation of sports talk radio as we know it today. It is important to note that two of them really do not have much to do with sports but they were able to connect the casual fan with sports fanatics.

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Sports talk radio: The evolution of how we analyze sports - Elite Sports NY

CDS (1.0): Welcome & evolutionary initiative in defence reforms – Economic Times

Appointment of CDS, though much belated, is welcome reality and Government needs to be complimented for giving shape to defining reform. Armed Forces have been elevated from attached office to formally designated Department of Military Affairs (DMA) and included in Allocation of Business Rules. While it has been widely acclaimed, skeptics term it as clever ploy engineered by bureaucracy to preserve their turf and further downgrade apex military leadership. On balance, the current avatar is CDS (1.0) and as stated in its charter, evolutionary in conception. CDS was part of ruling partys manifesto and has been actualised primarily due to PMs commitment on this issue, articulated by him repeatedly in Combined Commanders conferences, starting with Dec 2015 .

It is well known fact that despite PMs prodding, status-quo oriented bureaucracy managed to stall serious push by late RM, Manohar Parrikar to actualise this reform. Creation of non-functional DPC, in some ways was an interim solution and its relevance, is now debatable. Another crafty construct, to derail and dilute CDS was Naresh Chandra Task Forces ingenious term, Permanent Chairman Chief of Staff Committee (PCCoS), hopefully buried now. Civilian lobbies had managed to make PCCoS, more acceptable, in line with their needless paranoia of coup proofing. It is probably due to PMs persistence that bureaucrats have yielded some ground after having stalled the process for more than two decades.

Gen Rawat has been given fair share of responsibilities though Defence Secretary still retains responsibility for Defence of India, including preparation for war and defence policy. Notwithstanding, bureaucratise of splitting defence and military advice, NSA and CDS are really responsible for national security. Think of Bangladesh and Kargil Operations, instantly one connects with FM Sam Manekshaw and Gen Ved Malik, respectively. No one can really recall, Defence Secretaries during these campaigns. It is difficult to reconcile, facade of Defence Secretary, retained as prima donna in business rules. It is high time, bureaucrats are held accountable for serious issues like hollowness in equipment as Armed Forces continue to be in firing line, in front of parliamentary standing committee hearings, media and populace, with Babus conveniently hiding behind cloak of anonymity.

It is equally baffling to find premier joint service institution, NDC being retained in the remit of bureaucrats, reflecting continued turf centricity. It is hoped that this will not be precursor to gaining control on National Defence University, when it comes up. The same trend is evident for Coast Guard, which needs to synergise with Navy, for maritime security and placed under CDS. He should also exercise full control and authority on Armed Forces Medical Services to forge jointness in medical care, as part of logistics grid.

CDS has been given three year stipulation for rather difficult task of restructuring, forging jointness and establishing theatre commands. The current incumbent, with his proximity to political hierarchy and having spent last three years plus in South Block, is probably best suited to push this agenda. It will also be good to give him traditional honey moon period, without daily post-mortems, to let CDS vision gain traction. Constructive dialogue should avoid targeting individuals and politicisation. Concurrently, there is urgent need to address stalled procurement process and make additional budgetary allocation in impending budget to kick start defence manufacturing eco system.

This nascent concept needs to be mentored, invested and incentivised. The first requirement is to populate DMA with best talent and remain wary of elements wanting to derail this initiative. It will be good idea to consider additional financial incentives like instructional or deputation allowance, as officers have to operate objectively in new and different environment keeping inherited parochialism under check. This can be supplemented with distinctive badge or even medal for completing meaningful tenures. Currently, CDS is odd General out, dressed in customised accoutrements with others in IDS retaining their respective service uniforms. Armed Forces personnel on deputation with Assam Rifles, NSG and UN adopt distinctive uniform for their tenures and same norms need to be applied in joint staff organisations.

DMA is unique department with four cabinet secretary ranked officers, yet it has to be functionally headed by VCDS to retain protocol parity. CISC should accordingly be formally designated and entrusted with onerous responsibility. It is learnt that the original plan was to create separate departments for each service and fourth one for CDS. The credit for having unified DMA goes to PMO and it is hoped that message will percolate down to skeptics. It is most pragmatic that CDS, on HR issues like placement and promotion will exercise functional autonomy and enjoy direct access to CCS through RM. The acid test on commitment will be operationalising it without any dilution and shedding bureaucratic control for political one.

It is good that jointness is proposed to be taken forward, another notch in functional stream by creating joint Air Defence command, something Pakistan has had for many years, albeit at Corps level. Joint Regional Theatre Command being complex subject is likely to be taken up later. Essential pre-requisite is autonomy to regional commanders, as evidenced in successful CDS models, which currently is conspicuous by its near total absence.

The present reforms merit encouragement, well begun is half done. It will be equally pertinent to remain committed to seminal wisdom, miles to go, before we sleep. It is hoped that system will be refined as also customised to cater for emerging security challenges, remaining focused on value additions and evolution of CDS (2.0).

The writer is former Army Commander, Western Command

DISCLAIMER : Views expressed above are the author's own.

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CDS (1.0): Welcome & evolutionary initiative in defence reforms - Economic Times

5 ways influencer marketing will evolve in 2020 – AdAge.com

With estimates predicting that influencer marketing spending might double in 2020en route to becoming a projected $15 billion market by 2022its a good bet that influencers will be moving further up the priority lists ofmany brand marketers.

Importantly, this growth will come from brands investing in influencer marketing for the first time, in addition to existing brands that have experienced strong returns and are expanding their investments accordingly.

Yet, despite the increased budgets and the rising number ofbrands looking to participate, influencer marketingis still sometimesdescribed as the Wild West. It certainly wasnt without its fair share of controversy in 2019, and the responsibility for professionalizingand standardizingpractices continues to be shared between the platforms, regulators and agencies.

With this in mind, here are my five predictions for 2020:

One natural evolution of influencer marketing has been the integration of paid media budgets to deliver targeted amplification of influencers posts. It delivers the media metrics that brands are used to seeing, and its an obvious goldmine for the platforms, who previously saw none of therevenue from the deals made between influencers andbrands.

Expect to see paid amplification made even easier and, as a result, it will become the norm on influencer campaigns, thanks to the key benefits it brings: increased levels of control for audience targeting; much needed reach and scale; and robust reporting and transparency that will be available around campaign delivery.

The influencer marketing industry has, for far too long, relied on social metrics like follower counts, likesand engagement rates as a benchmark of success. These vanity metrics are a proxy at best, and do not provide any real indication as to which talent is right for a brand, or if a collaboration was truly successful at delivering real business objectives.

Today, it is table stakes for marketers to require verifiable campaign metrics, including audience demographics, unique reach, actual impressions and video views delivered. In 2020,look for more brands and their partners to measure effectiveness via influencer campaign brand uplift studies, conversion and sales lift reportsand creative analysis in order to compare influencer work more directly alongside other parts of the marketing mix.

Most influencer marketing tends to fail when it comes to what messages arepublished. Often, brands are reluctant to hand over too much creative freedom to influencers, resulting in content that makes little sense for either the influencer or their audience. At the opposite end of the spectrum, a brand can relinquishall control to the influencer, who then produces something which may be a popular piece of content with their audience but doesnt actually deliver the appropriate messages and impact for the brand.

Balance is necessary, and brands are seeing exciting creative production capabilities coming from the influencer community,such asthe ability to localize a concept across the globe or tap into the mindset of a diverse range of communities and culturesall while staying on-brief.

When brands start their influencer campaigns with a solid brief, expect to see more suitably matchedbrands and influencers, more authentic and exciting work and more examples of influencer-produced creative that powers other marketing campaigns, from digital mediato print and OOH.

The notion that influencers are becoming increasingly meaningful channels for brands, combined with advances in data and measurement, will undoubtedly lead to longer-term collaborations between the most-effectively matched influencers and brands. And the outcome will be mutually beneficial.

For the brand, there are significant efficiency benefits to the relationship. In addition to the fact that the influencer is able to become a more authentic advocate with a much deeper relationship, it can drive real product and market insights, too.

For the influencer (the publisher), who needs to generate income, thebenefit lies in having both the financial security and opportunity to work continually on a brand collaboration that makes sense for them and for their audience.

Going one step further, you can expect to see more and more partnerships between influencers and brands working together to co-create products or even new brands.

With numerous reports of undisclosed brand collaborations, botaccounts,fraudulent audiences, manipulated results and the blurring of lines between organic and paid, its no surprise that a lack of transparency has been the major complaint about the influencer industry.

And while total eradication of these issues isnt a reality for 2020, the level of sophistication of the data, technology and education now available should enable a more informed and accountable process for influencer marketing. The issue of transparency will hopefully be banished to the fringes and will no longer be the central talking point in the majority of influencer marketing campaigns.

If these predictions become reality then, as a result, we can expect to see the influencer marketing industry taking some giant strides towards raising its professional standards, whichshould pave the way for even greater growth in 2021.

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5 ways influencer marketing will evolve in 2020 - AdAge.com

Long-Awaited Dash Evolution Platform Released on Testnet with Developer Documentation Hub – Dash News

Dash Platform, the long-awaited upgrade to the Dash network formerly codenamed Evolution, has been released to testnet including a developer documentation portal.

In a post released today, Dash Core Group Product Owner Dana Alibrandi announced today the release of Dash Platform to Evonet, a public testnet enabling developers to experiment with the functionalities of the platform ahead of full mainnet release:

This release to Evonet marks a significant milestone after years of concerted effort by Dash Core Group, as we designed, redesigned, and finally implemented the Evolution vision as it was originally conveyed. This release represents the early stages of a platform that aims to revolutionize value exchange and deliver on the promise of digital cash. The development team behind Dash Platform is driven to make development easy and accessible for everyone striving to realize the promise of blockchain. We look forward to your thoughts, comments, suggestions, and pull requests as the Dash DAO enters a new chapter in its history.

Conceptualized beginning in late 2015, the Dash Evolution project aims to provide a much more user-friendly experience to cryptocurrency than what is presently available, using usernames and contact lists instead of long cryptographic addresses and providing an easy solution for developers unfamiliar with blockchain technology to build decentralized applications for a variety of purposes.

A superior data platform than centralized companies and cryptocurrency competitors

According to Alibrandi, Dash Platform provides distinct advantages over traditional cloud storage platforms, including control over data and heightened security:

Within the centralized web, it is most similar to a product like Firebases Cloud Firestore. The main benefits of using Dash Platform over Firestore are similar to the general advantages of decentralization: better security, ownership over data, reduced data silos, and enhanced transparency. Over time, Dash Platform intends to add more components to its stack so that developers can fully utilize the Dash network to facilitate trustless, disintermediated value exchange.

In addition to centralized cloud storage solutions, Alibrandi believes that Dash Platform offers distinct advantages over other similar solutions within the cryptocurrency industry as well, including Ethereums upcoming Swarm data storage system, promising a more fluid developer experience while allowing its functionality to remain compatible with Ethereum applications:

In a broader sense, Dash Platform provides the missing data layer in the vision for a fully decentralized web. It is similar in functionality and goals to Ethereum Swarm and can be used in tandem with Ethereum dapps as a decentralized database. When compared with Swarm, Dash Platform stands out due to its fluid developer experience and fast block confirmation times on the Platform blockchain, which allow for changes to your application data to be confirmed and reflected on user interfaces in real time.

The Dash Platform experience for recording data state transitions promises to be more streamlined than that of major competitors thanks to the Platform Chain, a data-purposed sidechain that does not interfere with the main blockchain during times of peak activity, as has happened in the past most notably with Ethereum.

The first release of many in a phased rollout leading up to mainnet release

Todays release of Dash Platform to Evonet represents the first in a series of phases to test all aspects of Platforms functionality prior to full mainnet release next year, beginning with some basic username-based functionalities:

With this release, developers will be able to test the following actions:

Following this initial phase will be a release centered on finalizing security around storing and retrieving data, a phase introducing incentive mechanisms and monetization of the platforms various capabilities, and finally an optimization phase prior to full mainnet release:

Lastly, we will optimize and polish the platform in preparation for a mainnet release. There will be improvements to the platform chain in order to handle chain halts and improve consensus efficiency. Without these improvements, the platform chain could stop producing blocks due to validator sets not being able to agree on the contents of a block. Feature flags will be added to smoothly introduce new features once the platform is live on mainnet, and we will conduct thorough security checks to ensure there are no vulnerabilities that put funds or data at risk.

Included in this release is a full dedicated developer documentation portal to bring potential developers fully up to speed with Dash Platforms capabilities so that they are able to quickly begin experimenting with the platform. The various Platform repositories are linked at the bottom of the announcement post.

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Long-Awaited Dash Evolution Platform Released on Testnet with Developer Documentation Hub - Dash News

[GAMERS GUIDE]: How to Evolve Honedge, Doublade, and Aegislash in Pokmon Sword and Shield, Plus More Tips – Tech Times

(Photo : Source: Bulbapedia)Honedge, Doublade, and Aegislash

Evolving species is among the top features of any Pokmon game. In both thePokmon Sword andShieldgames, avid fans know that half the battle of evolving Pokmons is actually knowing where to find them.

In this handy gamer's guide, you'll learn how to evolve the steel/ghost-type Pokmon Doublade from Honedge or into Aegislash.

(Photo : Source: Bulbapedia)Honedge Pokmon

If you're looking to catch an Aegislash, the easiest way is to start with an Honedge, evolve it into Doublade, and then level up to get the dual-type Pokmon.

Luckily for Pokmon Sword and Shieldplayers, the Honedge isn't too difficult to spot in the game. All you have to do is head over to the Wild Area and find the Hammerlocke Hills, where there's a 44% chance of catching a Honedge.

However, weather conditions in the area can be a bit of a problem. When going out in the wild, make sure to come out when it's foggy to maximize your chance of encountering this Pokmon. If it's not foggy, you might have to wait for a snowstorm where your chances of seeing a Honedge drastically drops to 15%.

To evolve your Pokmon to Doublade, you just need to get to level 35 and the evolution will automatically commence.

SEE ALSO: Pokmon Sword and Shield: How to Spot a Fake Pokmon & Get a Gigantamax Pokmon

(Photo : Source: Bulbapedia)Doublade Pokmon

There are two steps to begin your Doublade evolution. First, you can follow the previous instructions and catch a Honedge first. Second, you can go straight to trying to catch a Doublade, although the chances of you encountering this Pokmon in the wild is low.To commence the evolution, first, find a Dusk Stone and then apply it to Doublade to evolve it into Aegislash.

(Photo : Source: Bulbapedia)Aegislash Pokmon

For those who want to go all the way, you can skip the evolutions and proceed to hunt down Doublade or Aegislash in the wild.

Depending on the version you're playing, you can find Doublade in the Lake of Outrage and Giant's Cap, among other places. For Pokmon Sword players, the species are in Watchtower Ruins; for Pokmon Shield players, they're in the Stony Wilderness. Remember to go out during a snowstorm for a 25% chance of spotting a Doublade.

Meanwhile, Aegislash, although a rare sight, can be found at the Giant's Cap and the Watchtower Ruins.

In case you missed it: the Pokmon Company is offering a handful of freebies to fans and Trainers. Until Jan. 15, you can download rare Poke Balls and claim a freeGigantamax Meowth.

Meanwhile,Sword and Shieldplayers have until Jan. 30 to claim 20 Battle Points, a special kind of currency that you can earn by competing in the Battle Tower. You can use your Battle Points to buy special items, like nature-changing mints and other equipment for your Pokmon.

To claim your freebie, select "Mystery Gift" from the menu screen, choose "Get a Mystery Gift," click Select "Get Gift via Code/Password," follow the prompts to connect online, and then input the download code G1GANTAMAX when prompted. Again, this freebie can be claimed until Jan. 30 only, so hurry!

RELATED LINK:Pokmon Sword and Shield Guide: Farm EXP Candy, Hatching Shiny Pokmon, and Getting Evolution Stones

2018 TECHTIMES.com All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.

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[GAMERS GUIDE]: How to Evolve Honedge, Doublade, and Aegislash in Pokmon Sword and Shield, Plus More Tips - Tech Times

How genetics and social games drive evolution of mating systems in mammals – Jill Lopez

Traditional explanations for why some animals are monogamous and others are promiscuous or polygamous have focused on how the distribution and defensibility of resources (such as food, nest sites, or mates) determine whether, for example, one male can attract and defend multiple females.

A new model for the evolution of mating systems focuses instead on social interactions driven by genetically determined behaviors, and how competition among different behavioral strategies plays out, regardless of external factors such as defensible resources. In this model, social interactions can drive evolutionary transitions from one mating system to another, and can even drive a population to split into two separate species with different mating systems.

The model is based on three fundamental behavioral strategies: aggression, cooperation, and deception. The conflict between competitive and cooperative social behaviors drives the evolution of the mating systems. In a paper published December 18 inAmerican Naturalist(online ahead of print publication in the February issue), researchers compared the predictions generated by this model with published data on the mating behavior of 288 species of rodents.

"By and large, everything in our predictions seems to be borne out in rodents," said first author Barry Sinervo, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. "Our model is a universal equation of sorts for mating systems."

The evolutionary story that emerges from the study goes something like this: An ancestral population of rodents is promiscuous in its mating behavior. Genetic variation within the population results in individuals with distinctive behaviors. Some males are highly aggressive, defend large territories, and mate with as many females as they can. Others are not territorial, but sneak onto the territories of other males for surreptitious mating opportunities. And some are monogamous and defend small territories, cooperating with neighboring males at territorial boundaries.

These three types can coexist, but any imbalance in the relative advantages of different strategies can lead to the elimination of some behaviors and an evolutionary transition to a species that is, for example, entirely monogamous or entirely polygamous. The cooperative behavior of monogamous males, for example, can include paternal care for the young and the ability recognize and affiliate with other cooperative males, making them stronger in the competition with other strategies.

"They are able to find each other and form colonies, and the bigger the colonies get the stronger they are against the barbarians at the gate. Then they split off from the rest of the population as a separate monogamous species," Sinervo said.

This may sound like little more than storytelling, but in fact it emerges from a set of mathematical equations based on game theory and population genetics, and it is supported by extensive research in animal behavior and genetics.

The new paper builds on Sinervo's decades-long research on mating behaviors in California's side-blotched lizards. He showed that three throat colors correspond with different behaviors in the male lizards: blue-throated monogamous males form partnerships and cooperate to protect their territories and their mates; orange-throated males are highly aggressive and usurp territories and mates from other lizards; and yellow-throated males sneak into the territories of other males to mate.

The competition between these strategies takes the form of a rock-paper-scissors game in which orange aggressors defeat blue cooperators, which defeat yellow sneakers, which defeat orange aggressors. Thus, no single type can dominate the population, and the abundance of each rises and falls in cycles. In 2007, Sinervo and his collaborators discovered the same dynamic in the distantly related European common lizard.

"That was when I started thinking that the same thing could be happening in mammals," Sinervo said.

In the new paper, Sinervo and two of his longtime collaborators--Alexis Chaine at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Moulis, France, and Donald Miles at CNRS and Ohio University--generalized the rock-paper-scissors system and extended it to include additional behaviors such as paternal care for offspring (linked to monogamy). They focused on male strategies to simplify the analysis. Sinervo has documented corresponding female strategies in side-blotched lizards and is currently working to incorporate female strategies into the general model.

The three male behavioral strategies represented in the model are: - Polygyny, characterized by aggression to maintain large territories overlapping with several females, but without paternal care for the offspring, as seen in polygamous mating systems where one male mates with multiple females; - Monogamy, involving lower aggression and smaller territories, with cooperation at territorial boundaries and investment in paternal care; and - Sneak, a non-territorial strategy with no paternal care, resulting in sneaking behavior in otherwise territorial systems.

Using a computer to run a mathematical model of these strategies, the researchers simulated the evolution of mating systems over 1,000 generations, varying the strength of different parameters in each simulation. At the start of the simulations, the genes that determine the different strategies were assumed to be equally abundant in the population.

The results of the simulations revealed four evolutionarily stable outcomes determined by the interactions and payoffs (in terms of reproductive success) of the different behavioral strategies. Which stable outcome emerges depends on how much of an advantage each behavior provides.

One of the key factors influencing the effectiveness of a given strategy is a male's ability to recognize which behavioral group other males belong to and choose a neighborhood to settle in where his own strategy will have a competitive advantage. Cooperative, monogamous males need to recognize and affiliate with other cooperative males, whereas aggressive, polygynous males want to avoid other aggressive males and find cooperative males whose territories they can take over.

"It all depends on how good you are at finding the right neighborhood, or how good you are at cooperation and paternal care. By varying these parameters in the model, we were able to find the four different evolutionarily stable states," Sinervo said.

One stable outcome is the rock-paper-scissors dynamic documented in lizards, with the coexistence of all three male strategies. Another stable outcome is the coexistence of polygyny and sneak.

There are two stable outcomes in which only one strategy survives, either polygyny or monogamy. A mix of polygyny and monogamy is rare and unstable, eventually leading to a pure system of one or the other.

Turning to the empirical data, the researchers found evidence in studies of rodent behavior and territoriality of the mating systems and behavioral strategies described in the model. There is even a type of mole rat found in southern Africa that exhibits the rock-paper-scissors combo of all three male strategies that Sinervo discovered in lizards. He noted that, whereas mutual recognition of male strategies is based on throat colors in the lizards, in mammals it is more likely to be mediated by smells. "It's there, but we don't see it. We only saw it in lizards because of their bright colors," he said.

The researchers analyzed the phylogenetic tree of rodents (representing the evolutionary relationships among rodent species) and found the same patterns they had seen in the simulations. Species at the base of the phylogenetic tree, closer to the common ancestor of all rodents, tend to be promiscuous, with multiple mating strategies. Polygyny and monogamy very rarely occur together, but they frequently appear in sister species, suggesting they diverged from an ancestral population of mixed strategies.

The model showed that evolutionary transitions in mating systems are largely driven by increases in the benefits of monogamous behaviors. In rodents, monogamy is the most common evolutionary transition from a promiscuous ancestor, and more rodents are monogamous than polygynous. In the simulations, pure polygyny is a relatively uncommon outcome. "Polygyny is readily invaded by the sneak strategy," Sinervo explained.

Paternal care for the offspring is found in all monogamous species, supporting a key assumption linking paternal care to the evolution of monogamy.

"Promiscuity is very common, and can involve two or three different strategies. But the neat thing is that cooperation and monogamy are far more common than anyone realized," Sinervo said. "The frequency of monogamy in rodents is about 26 percent, much higher than for mammals in general and similar to primates."

The model assumes that these behavioral strategies are genetically based. Evidence in support of this includes research on the role of the hormone vasopressin (and the related hormone oxytocin) in complex social behaviors in numerous species, including rodents and humans. In the monogamous prairie voles, for example, vasopressin has been linked to pair bonding, mate guarding, and paternal care. In some rodent lineages, evolutionary transitions between monogamy and polygyny have been linked to a mutation in a vasopressin receptor gene.

The effects of the genes underlying monogamous behaviors may even drive the evolution of more advanced forms of sociality. Highly social species of rodents--such as mole rats, some of which live in colonies in which only one pair reproduces--originate from monogamous lineages.

Sinervo and his coauthors are not claiming that resources and other external ecological factors have no role in the evolution of mating systems. But the genetic model gives predictions that are consistent with the rodent data and can explain cases where a species' mating system does not match its resource ecology.

The authors also acknowledged that animal behavior can be very flexible and is not entirely determined by genetics. This is especially true in humans, whose behavior is so strongly influenced by cultural and environmental factors. In terms of mating systems, our species can be described as promiscuous, but with very high rates of monogamy. Sinervo said he sees a connection between monogamy and the deeply cooperative social behaviors that are at the core of the human condition.

"We can see analogues for human behavior in other animals, but there's really nothing else like humans," Sinervo said. "There are 'kneejerk' behavioral impulses in us that are not far from rodents, but our cultural and social complexity makes us very different from most mammals."

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How genetics and social games drive evolution of mating systems in mammals - Jill Lopez

Rock singer Grace Potter talks growth, heartbreak and evolution before her return to Jannus Live – Creative Loafing Tampa

RED LIGHT MANAGEMENT

Soulful rock singer Grace Potter has played Jannus Live many times before as frontwoman of the rock band Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, but on January 9 shes returning to the infamous downtown St. Petersburg venue a completely changed artist.

In the seven years since she last toured, shes endured the breakup of her band, a divorce, her first child, and a new marriageups and downs that her latest album Daylight, which was released in October, explores in cathartic detail. Potter has seen the highest highs, like in 2010 when her song "Something That I Want" went viral after appearing on the Tangled soundtrack, as well as the lowest lows, like in 2016 when her marriage with ex-bandmate Matthew Burr ended.

IF YOU GO

Grace Potter.

Thurs. Jan., 9. 7:30 p.m.$28.50.

Jannus Live, 16 2nd St. N. St. Petersburg, FL.

jannuslive.com

CL recently talked to Potter across the Atlantic Ocean about her transformative past couple of years, not only as an artistbut as a person.

I just got back to my hotel room in London after finishing up a cool rehearsal with Kermit the Frog at the Royal Albert Hall Orchestra, Potter laughs, in somewhat disbelief of the sentence she just uttered. Although shes piggybacking off of the positive energy of rehearsal, she quickly jumps right into a reflection of the gritty past that preceded her recent comeback to music.

The earliest stages of her most recent solo album Daylight, were mere journal entries, poems, half-formed songs, meditations, prayers, and repetitive phrases that only made sense to her. It was a way for me to deal with a tectonic shift both in my life and in my soul, Potter reminisces.

On the surface, Daylight grapples with the relatable themes of heartbreak and pain, but buried deep in the 11 track LP is a journey of pure renewal. Potter emerges from her hardships with a new, loving marriage and her first child. In the words of Potter herself, Its the first album where Im firmly planted in my shoes.

It was slowly written over the course of her three-year-long hiatus, which was filled with years of painting houses, learning how to be a mother, and dealing with her broken relationship with music.

When asked by CL if she missed the life of a musician during her time off, she quickly replied Fuck no! before retracting a bit and rethinking the question. But actually, I really missed talking to strangers, Potter said. Ive always felt like it was my base level connection to the world. Ive always loved the feeling of being connected with everyone through music.

That connection will nonetheless be felt in the air of Potters Jannus Live performance on January 9a show that she is particularly excited for.

I've definitely had good experiences there in the past Potter says about Jannus Live. Its kind of fortuitous timing, because a lot of my friends and family are going to be down there in Florida for that showit's going to be a weird Florida version of a hometown show.

Whether she missed it or not, Potter is back living the life of a touring musician. But this time, she has her family experiencing it with her. Her husband and producer Eric Valentine and son Sagan will join her on the entirety of this U.S. tour, which spans from coast to coast.

When one thinks of the phrase coming of age, they usually think of a teenage movie or an adolescent shit-show of confusion. But what Grace Potter has experienced over the last couple of years is an all-encompassing, re-defining coming of age at 36 years old. Perhaps she glazed over her transformative years of early adulthood since shes been a touring musician since 19 years old, but Potter is back being the gritty, soulful singer that fans worldwide know her to be. And now she has the life experience to bring her musical reputation to life.

The joy Ive always gotten from this life comes from losing myself in the music, transcending my ego and my place in the world I like to just feel the world.

Potter invites you to be part of her brand new world at Jannus Live next Thursday.

Follow @cl_music on Twitter to get the most up-to-date music news, concert announcements and local tunes. Subscribe to our newsletter, too.

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Rock singer Grace Potter talks growth, heartbreak and evolution before her return to Jannus Live - Creative Loafing Tampa

Witness to History: From Windrush to the NHS the evolution of the ‘hostile environment’ – The Independent

At the start of this decade, the hostile environment didnt exist. Several ministers, both Labour and Conservative, had bandied the term around as a potential strategy for reducing immigration, but it wasnt in the public domain and nothing had taken effect. In the years that followed, however, a stream of policies were quietly formulated with the sole aim of making the UK a hostile place for undocumented immigrants. And ten years on, those two words have come to encapsulate the root cause behind a string of Home Office immigration scandals.

When I started in my role on the social affairs beat at The Independent in early 2017, criticism of the policy was bubbling under the surface. Charities and campaigners would make reference to it when commenting on stories about issues in the UKs asylum and refugee policy, saying the problems were linked to a thing called the hostile environment. There had been warning signs, such as data-sharing agreements between the Home Office and both the Department for Health and the Department for Education allowing for information about patients and pupils to be shared for immigration enforcement purposes. These were concerning, but the true impact was yet to be seen.

It was in November of that year that it first came under real public scrutiny, when campaign group Migrants Rights Net (MRN) launched a legal challenge against the Home Office over its use of NHS patient data, with campaigners describing it as an important step forward in the fight to dismantle the hostile environment policy. A month later, human rights group Liberty launched a legal challenge against the departments decision to collect data on school pupils nationality and country of birth. Both challenges ultimately succeeded in forcing the government into a climb-down.

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Witness to History: From Windrush to the NHS the evolution of the 'hostile environment' - The Independent

Evolution of Entrepreneurship in Colombia – Baltimore Post-Examiner

Flashback to 1998 and the business world looked very different from the way it does today. There was limited access to the internet, the iPhone was nothing but a pipedream, and businesses stuck to mom and pop bricks and mortar stores. Oh, how things have changed!

Take a look at any country around the world today, and youll see business revolutions right in front of you. Small brands are signing contracts with multinational firms, and startups are securing millions of dollars in funding without having made a cent of profit. The business world is more dynamic, exciting, and challenging than ever before but its great fun, too!

One country where change is being felt the most is in Colombia; a boatload of entrepreneurs are reinvigorating the economy, offering new opportunities for skilled workers, and taking their businesses global. Today, we speak to Craig Dempsey, Founder of Biz Latin Hub, who shares his thoughts on the changing Colombian landscape, and offers tips for entrepreneurs who are considering investing in the country or want to promote their products to its citizens.

Craig! Why do you think Colombia is so popular with entrepreneurs?

There are so many reasons why small and medium-sized business owners are trying out their luck in Colombia. Not only is the country home to the third-largest economy in South America, but it has some particularly attractive industries, such as textiles, manufacturing, agriculture, and oil. With countries such as Canada changing their laws on Cannabis, for example, there are some significant opportunities for businesses to manufacture medical marijuana, and export it to other countries. For many, Colombia can be considered a hub for manufacturing and producing lots of high-quality materials for businesses to sell worldwide.

At the Biz Latin Hub Group, Ive seen so many people come to me and discuss their plans for a new venture, and when they decide to invest in Latin America, I often push them toward Colombia. Not only does the country have low barriers to entry, but its quite easy to secure a visa in the territory, and you can go from entering the country to selling your products in a matter of weeks. Compare that to a country like Australia, which requires months of visa processing and endless paperwork, and its clear why Colombia has grown in popularity.

Finally, as the world becomes more and more competitive, I believe that many businesses are seeing international expansion as the future of entrepreneurship and so theyre looking to countries like Colombia to access low labor costs, high-quality raw materials, and a strong local economy that has yet to be fully realized by their competition and wider industry. Indeed if youre the first AI-powered banking app in the country, as an example, and you invest in marketing to boost brand awareness, youll be at an advantage when competitors enter into the fold and try to take some of your market share. In my experience, acting fast is critical.

Theres been a great deal of investment in the country, right?

Absolutely. Over the past several decades, there has been a whole host of investments in the country and in many ways, thats fueling the rise in entrepreneurs and the countrys spirit. From 2011 to 2016, for example, Europe invested around USD$30 billion in the country and that investment made up just 31% of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). US investment in Colombia, on the other hand, has also seen significant growth individual businesses, governments, and investment funds are working together to invest in the country, which is empowering small businesses, boosting employment, and making the country more of an attractive offering. The more of these investments there are, the harder itll be to make a splash in the country and have a real impact with your business, so dont delay. As Ive already mentioned, entering the country as soon as you can make sense.

How easy is it to take advantage of Colombia?

This is one of the most commonly asked questions I receive, and the truth is that its never been easier to enter the market and start making some money. One of the first things you need to think about is forming a company, but with the right help and some patience youll be able to do this with no issues at all. Once youve established a presence in the country, you can then think about recruitment, and hiring an employee or two to manage the day-to-day running of your business. Of course, it pays to hire someone who can speak both English and Spanish to maximize your chances of securing sales and to make it easier when you are working on a marketing campaign, for example. If you only hire English-speaking employees, then youre going to struggle to make the necessary contacts required to thrive in the market.

Once youve got the basics right, you can then start to seek opportunities finding a low-cost supplier, for example, or securing funding from local government grants and accelerators.

What skills do you need to make it big as an overseas entrepreneur?

There are so many things that you need to think about when starting a business in a new country, and becoming a real entrepreneur. A lot of entrepreneurs I know share the opinion that you should do as much as you can on your own, and outsource tasks like marketing and sales to other people. Indeed, its important to remember that you cannot do everything in business sometimes, you have to let your guard down and accept that other people know better than you do. Utilize staff for their core skills, always be on a journey of continual personal improvement, and know when to take a break. The truth is that youre going to have to work very hard if you want to crack another market, especially if youre not familiar with the language and need assistance with translation and business development, so dont underestimate the power of hard work and remember to switch off from time to time.

I know first-hand the benefits of establishing a business in another country I wish everyone the very best of luck with their venture, whether they decide to invest in Colombia or not.

Continued here:

Evolution of Entrepreneurship in Colombia - Baltimore Post-Examiner

EVOLUTION OF A SONERO Returns to Pregones/Puerto Rican Traveling Theater – Broadway World

Pregones/Puerto Rican Traveling Theater (Pregones/PRTT), in collaboration with Ben DeJesus presents the return of Flaco Navaja's one-man show, Evolution of A Sonero, January 9-19, 2020.

Written and performed by Bronx-native actor, singer, and HBO Def Poetry Jam alum Flaco Navaja, Evolution of a Sonero fuses salsa, hip-hop, spoken-word poetry and beatboxing to weave a slice-of-life narrative in a tour de force performance that takes audiences on a musical journey through the streets of New York and beyond.

Directed by Pregones/PRTT's Associate Artistic Director Jorge B. Merced, Evolution of a Sonero is part salsa concert and part love letter to the Bronx.

In its previous runs, the show enjoyed standing ovations and sold-out performances at The Public Theater's 2019 Under the Radar Festival. National performances quickly lined-up taking the show on tour to theaters in Michigan, California, and Texas. The show's return to NYC, at The Puerto Rican Traveling Theater's Off-Broadway house, treats audiences to a play that-like its central performer-continues to evolve with an eye towards artistic fusion and innovation.

The musical backdrop for Evolution of a Sonero is provided by The Razor Blades, a live band composed of five world-class musicians, who provide the soundtrack to the poignant real life triumphs and obstacles on Flaco Navaja's path to success.

Of taking Sonero back to the PRTT, Flaco Navaja says: "It is an honor to share my story in a theater with such history, and with a theater company that is so culturally significant. To play on a stage that was once graced by Miriam Coln and Ral Julia is a dream."

Director Jorge Merced shares in on the enthusiasm: "It is thrilling to be back home at the PRTT after receiving such rousing accolades during our recent tours. We welcome to the team our friend Ben DeJesus, and are proud to see the Sonero journey continue to evolve with the love of a growing familia. Having incorporated additional music and stories, we look forward to making this celebration of Salsa, the Bronx and Latinidad a truly memorable one."

Evolution of a Sonero was developed with support from Pregones/PRTT's Step Up Artists in Residence initiative, funded by The New York Community Trust. This program is made possible, in part, with public funds from the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs, in partnership with City Council, and from the New York State Council on the Arts, with the support of Governor Andrew Cuomo and the New York State Legislature. Southwest Airlines is the Official Airline of Pregones/PRTT.

Written and Performed by: Flaco Navaja

Direction and Dramaturgy: Jorge B. Merced

Lighting Design: Lucrecia Briceo

Costume Design: Emilio Sosa

Sound Engineering: Milton Ruiz

Bass: Waldo Chvez

Piano: Carlos Cuevas

Percussion: Gabo Lugo and Vctor Pablo

Trombone: Hommy Ramos

Evolution of a Sonero will have 8:00 pm runs Thursdays through Saturdays, a 7:00 p.m. show on Sundays, and 3:00 p.m. matinees on Saturdays and Sundays at Pregones/PRTT's Off-Broadway theater house, located on 304 West 47th Street, New York, NY. Tickets start at $20.00 and are on sale now at PregonesPRTT.org or by phone at 718-585-1202.

Born and raised in The Bronx, Flaco is a singer, poet and actor. If Hctor Lavoe boxed Rubn Blades and KRS-1 was the referee you'd get Flaco. His poetry combines singing, hip-hop, and spoken word, having way with words that is second only to his way with a song. Flaco recently played the role of Raul Julia, the legendary actor and PRTT alum, in the critically acclaimed American Masters documentary film Raul Julia: The World's a Stage directed by Ben DeJesus. An equally passionate performer in English and Spanish, he is an ensemble member of Pregones/PRTT where his credits include the Off-Broadway run of El Apagn/The Blackout, adapted from the short story "La noche que volvimos a ser gente" (The Night We Became People Again) by Jos Luis Gonzlez. He is a fixture of the Nuyorican Poets Caf and star of HBO's Def Poetry Jam. Film & TV credits: Pride & Glory, Fighting, Gun Hill Road, Law & Order, C.S.I. NY, East Willy B, and more.

Jorge B. Merced is the Associate Artistic Director of Pregones/Puerto Rican Traveling Theater. He's an acclaimed theater actor and director, and a graduate of CUNY-CCNY Department of Theater. He also trained with Osvaldo Dragn, Eugenio Barba, Miguel Rubio & Teresa Ralli of Yuyachkani (EITALC 89 - Cuba), Augusto Boal (Brazil & France), and Alvin Ailey Center. Numerous credits with Pregones/PRTT include El Apagn/The Blackout, Baile Cangrejero, Aloha Boricua, Neon Baby, El Bolero Was My Downfall, among others, and the decade-long run of the LGBTQ Asuncin Playwrights Project. Other Directing credits include: Fellini's La Strada with Ren Buch and Verano Verano (IATI), Swimming While Drowning (Cara Ma). He is a member of The Lucille Lortel Awards Nominating Committee.

As an award-winning filmmaker, TV director, music video veteran, and theater producer, Ben DeJesus has over 15 years of experience creating content through a Latinx perspective. In his Broadway producer debut, Ben was nominated for a Tony Award for John Leguizamo's Latin History for Morons, which also toured nationally. Ben began his career as a stage actor before joining MTV, becoming one of the original producers and writers of the iconic series MTV Cribs. His passion for pop culture, music and theater has fueled his work since. Ben also recently directed the acclaimed American Masters film Raul Julia: The World's a Stage and the PBS documentary John Leguizamo's Road to Broadway. Ben is the head of NGL Studios, a production company co-founded with partners John Leguizamo and David Chitel.

Pregones/Puerto Rican Traveling Theater is an award-winning acting and music ensemble, multidiscipline arts presenter, and owner/steward of bilingual arts facilities in The Bronx and Manhattan. Our mission is to champion a Puerto Rican/Latinx cultural legacy of universal value through creation and performance of original plays and musicals, exchange and partnership with other artists of merit, and engagement of diverse audiences. Our year-round programs offer attractive and affordable opportunities for arts access and participation to NYC residents and visitors alike.

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EVOLUTION OF A SONERO Returns to Pregones/Puerto Rican Traveling Theater - Broadway World

Subtractions, additions and evolution: How the 49ers offense has adapted leading up to the Seattle showdown – The Athletic

No, the 49ers havent lost quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo for any snaps due to injury this year, but several other components of their offense have certainly gone down at one point or another.

Left tackle Joe Staley has missed nine games. His counterpart on the right side, Mike McGlinchey, missed the same four games as fullback Kyle Juszczyk, another key blocking cog. Star tight end George Kittle sat two games in the middle of the season, while center Weston Richburg was lost for the season earlier this month.

Yet the 49ers are 12-3 entering this Week 17 showdown at Seattle. Theyve won by running the ball, and theyve won by passing the ball. Theyre averaging 30.2 points per game, second in the NFL to only the Baltimore Ravens. The 49ers defense has obviously facilitated some of that scoring, but advanced metrics agree: The offense is to be reckoned with, despite some underlying inconsistency.

The 49ers rank in the leagues top 10...

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Subtractions, additions and evolution: How the 49ers offense has adapted leading up to the Seattle showdown - The Athletic

The evolution of low code citizen developers and what it means for businesses – ITBusiness.ca

By Rob Starr

Like a lot of other terms and classifications youll come across in IT, the definition of citizen developer might change here and there depending on who you ask. But the end goal for these de facto programmers using the software thats become available to them is usually the same.

They bridge a gap between the technical and non-technical skill sets of the business to allow it to run more efficiently and smoothly. These denizens of the low code/no code frontier have been hovering around the edges of SMB/corporate acceptance for some time.

Now with cloud computing and Software-as-a-Service accelerating the process, combined with the growing shortage of software developers, organizations are taking another good look at citizen developers.

According to Terry Simpson, a technical evangelist at workflow automation firm Nintex, one day all employees will be citizen developers of one sort or the other.

In a nutshell, demand for developers is increasing faster than supply. The tech industry is growing rapidly and creating thousands of new roles for developers. However, college and university programs arent turning out new coders fast enough to fill them. This imbalance is helping drive the citizen developer, low/no-code movement, he said.

Historically companies bought software templates and wrote custom code to meet their needs. One of the big drawbacks is the expenseboth initially and certainly when a new release requires modifications and updates. Businesses can keep costs down by reducing the custom code they need to create.

Examples of the tools available to these citizen developers include Zoho Creator and Google App Builder, and while Simpson concedes that one of the challenges to becoming a citizen developer is convincing IT to buy the technology necessary to configure, he sees a spike in another specific area.

Theres been a significant increase in line-of-business people (as opposed to developers) attending platform-focused technology events looking to learn how they can automate processes themselves, accelerating results and reducing costs relative to what hard-coded solutions would cost.

The edges around what constitutes the tools a citizen developer can use arent always sharp and defined. Bill Galusha is the director of product marketing at Abbyy, a company that sells through the Canadian channel, and he explained how robotic process automation (RPA) is freeing up citizen developers to innovate.

By 2024, low-code application development will be responsible for more than 65 per cent of application development activity Source: Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Low-Code Application Platforms report, Gartner, August 8, 2019

Historically, automation was managed and deployed by IT, but the emergence of RPA has changed that with the emergence of digital workers, he writes. We are now seeing a new generation of citizen developers, such as business analysts, who are closer to business challenges and can program and automate digital workers to help them do their work.

There are some examples of how this works on this side of the border. Mendix is a low code application platform thats done some work with Canada Post.

Canada Post utilized Mendixs low-code and no code solutions, a spokesperson representing Mendix wrote in an email. The company was able to shift from a declining mail service (60 per cent reduction in mail over 10 years) to a parcel delivery service and grew its parcel business by 25 per cent in a year.

The citizen developer movement has always had a micro and macro element. There are always folks looking to crack the big leagues and the corporate world with their ideas. The concept also creates a strong entrepreneurial wind to fill those sails.

Gary Steele is the owner of Steele Consulting located in Markham and provided a boots-on-the-ground perspective.

Over time people have built software programs that help to write software programs, he said, adding citizen developers owe much to these pre-set code variables that take on repetitive tasks.

For a wide swath of SMBs, tools like WordPress represent a jumping-off point.

Somebody has a good idea and it can go from nothing to program in hours or days where it used to be months or weeks.

There are people that dont mind folding their citizen developer talents into their roles with the bigger companies. Steele describes that scenario.

If you have a really good idea and start working for ABC Corp, when that program is finished it belongs to them.

Therein lies the rub for the entrepreneur.

Other people think about developing a program and doing things like selling advertising on their website to push it out there, Steele says.

He suggests bigger organizations can bridge the gap with a stipend or ongoing residual payments.

In the end, theres a big business recognition that something needs to be done to help citizen developers and businesses find common ground.

A recent blog and whitepaper from Salesforce reports that 20 per cent of business applications are developed outside of traditional IT departments already. It also states The low code revolution is just getting started.

Its another sure sign business will forge more paths heading into 2020.

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The evolution of low code citizen developers and what it means for businesses - ITBusiness.ca

The Dark Night of the Soul Explained (Part One) – The Good Men Project

Depression can be a crushing blow to our conscious mind. One moment life seems to be going along just fine, and the next we are ensconced in our own self-doubt and uneasiness about the future. The dark epochs of our life seem to come almost unbidden, and without any signs of letting up. When our world of explored territorythe predictableis shattered and broken up into pieces of anomaly, we either let it engulf us into realms of anxiety, or use it like a magnifying glass to focus on what really matters.

Given that we cant experience our own competence without some kind of struggle, we learn to appreciate the times we are tested the most, knowing that every dark night is followed by a rising sun. Our evolution as beings on this planet comes at a costand the grist-mill of hard times is what releases our immaturity and helps us blossom into the next stage of our life.

Welcome to the dark night of the soula moment in time where depression, psychosis, nervous breakdown, and the feelings of lost hopelessness are an everyday occurrence. Im here to tell you that your misery may be for good, it may be a long time coming, and it may be the best thing that can ever happen for your own personal spiritual and social evolution. My dark night of the soul came during the peak of my career living inside a Hindu monastery. After twelve years of living as a monk, the dark night of my soul showed me who I was, where I was going, and what my life was for.

Much has been written about this metaphysical subject if you know where to look. Essentially, the dark night of your soul is not just a bad day, its a complete reboot of your entire operating system. When we get to a certain age, typically around 1735, we become who we are going to be for the rest of our lives. With enough datalife experiencecoming from our upbringing, media, role models, community, and traveling, we overlap the young us with a newer version of who we are supposed to be. This overlapping, or superimposition, of old and new creates friction, friction creates heat, and the pain of shedding our old skinvalues, morals, belief systemsbecomes evident.

Our world that used to be so solid and sure is now falling to pieces. The trouble is that when this kind of transition begins to happen its hard to tell where it came from, where it will take us, and if we will ever be the same again. Losing the only identity weve known for yearspossibly foreveris what causes madness, relieved only when the new identity takes over. The event is also known as the death of the ego, and the ego never goes down without a fight.

The dark night of the soul has been described as a Shamanistic experience by clinician Dr. Jordan B. Peterson in his work Maps of Meaning by saying,The shamanic process of transformation appears as the means by which cognitive systems are updated, when necessary; the affect that is released, during the process, is necessarily part of the experience. Every major step forward therefore has some of the aspect of the revolutionary descent into madness

Petersons descent into madness is hardly desirable but entirely relatable. People have these moments of despair at some point in their life and insanity is not a superfluous way to describe it. The liberating aspect about this topic is knowing that the pain we experience is not necessarily in vain. Your troubles may have meaning hidden inside them and a lesson to be learned at the end of the dark and scary tunnel. Once the ego is under our control, life itself becomes something to enjoy as we move through it with ease, seeing it for what it really is.

British mystic and spiritualist Paul Brunton wrote an entire book on the subject of transformation through psychosis.

The most dangerous feature of the dark night is a weakening of the will occurring at the same time as a reappearance of old forgotten evil tendencies. This is the point where the aspirant is really being tested, and where a proportion of those who have reached this high grade fail in the test and fall for several years into a lower one.

Its as if the dark night is a right of passage that occurs when our intelligence is ready to break free from the tyranny of our ignorance. It certainly felt that way for me but I had theadvantage of knowingand hopingit would happen. In monk training, one is expected to reach the dark night of the soul, and an accomplished monk actually looks forward to the experience of ego-death. A right of passage, yes, but also a moment where the monastic candidate can discover who he actually is: monk or man. The episode brings with it a life path: make it through to the end and decide to stay a monk, or use this new perspective on life outside in the worldI chose the world.

For those outside in the world already and going through their own ego-death, their dark night of the soul will determine if they are to continue learning from their experiences, or go through life thinking lifes a bitch, then you die.

My test finally came during my tenth year as a monk. I hadnt found Dr. Petersons Shamanistic explanation of the phenomena until after it had happened. The text not only explained to me what had transpired, but it gave me the answer of what to do next now that it had occurred. While living in a controlled environment of spiritual and theological growth I had always anticipated the long-awaited ego-death, but had no idea how to actually go through it. It wasnt until after that I realized we simply endure it, and it wasnt until months later that I realized we endure all things in life, whether we want to or not.

This 10th year of my monk life meant I was to be promoted to Yogi rank, a position of great trials and inner striving. I was blessed in our traditional Hindu temple setting and given the typical sacraments: new robes, beads, and a bamboo staff to walk with wherever I went. Of course, until now I had been through several transforming periods thinking that they were all as bad as it could getbut I was wrong.

The dark night of the soul can best be explained as a disintegrationthe process of losing cohesion or strength, or coming to piecesbecause the reality that is formerly known and explored suddenly becomes torn apart piece by piece. What was once solid is now fluid, what was once known is now a mystery. Emotions can change due to the slightest trigger, darkness, and despair become your friend, and the thought of being as you once were becomes unthinkable, while simultaneously not knowing who else you could be.

Those who maintain their heads during the journey into the underworld returncontaminated by that underworld, from the perspective of their compatriotswith possibilities for re-ordering the world and, therefore, for maintaining sanity and stable life. -Peterson

For me, it lasted three months. And, it was clear that the entire monastic community knew what I was facing. I rarely spoke during that time, never smiled, not even a laugh came out of meand knowing me that is rare. My insides felt like they were being burned, my skin was hot, I didnt know or care how I looked. It was as if a dark grey cloud loomed over me, and inside me. A feeling of hopelessness constantly enveloped my perspective and I had to scream at times just to feel something. I remember cowering in corners at times, shaking back and forth not knowing who I was or if the I that I remember would ever return.

The entire process of spiritual transformation is painful, to say the least, and should change someone for good. If the subject is not transformed then another more permanent and disastrous descent is needed. Life has a way of bringing altering experiences our way, and if we dont see them as enhancingnot taking away fromour wellbeing, then they will come over and over again until we extract the knowledge. This could be a theory as to why we are born in the first place.

The entire event is death and rebirth. The old is dying to make way for the new, and you remain the watcher all throughout. The subject, once appearing to make a change from mediocrity and evolve beyond what they are normally destined to achieve, feels their old selves begin to decayduring which time the sorrow of losing oneself takes place. When the world is ready for the new being to take action, the weight of the burden lifts, health is restored, and a new day has begun. One of the most challenging aspects of the situation is not knowing when it will all end and if any part of the old person will still exist. Who will take my place? is a constant wonder when enduring ego-death during the dark night.

Read Part Two next week, here on GMP.

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The Dark Night of the Soul Explained (Part One) - The Good Men Project

Exploring the origins and evolution of the Festival of Lights – PAHomePage.com

WILKES-BARRE, LUZERNE COUNTY (WBRE/WYOU) Thursday night is the fifth night of Hanukkah and Eyewitness News reporter Kevin Hayes has more about the origins and evolution of the Festival of Lights.

As the sun set over northeast and central Pennsylvania, thousands of families came together lighting candles to celebrate a tradition over 1,000 years old. But what exactly are they celebrating?

It is both a celebration of the military victory of the Maccabees who led the Jewish rebellion against the Hellenized Assyrians. They were from the north, Rabbi David Kaplan of Ohav Zedek of Wilkes-Barre, said.

They cleaned out the temple from all the Greek gods, the pantheon of gods that were placed there. They needed to rededicate it and thats where the word Hanukkah comes from. The idea of rededication of that temple, Rabbi Larry Kaplan, Temple Israel in Wilkes-Barre said.

Rabbi David of Ohav Zedek says the origin continues in a second part.

At the same time, when they came back to the ruined temple in Jerusalem, there is the second miracle, the oil, Rabbi David said.

Oil that was only expected to burn for one night as the Jews waited for replenishment lasted eight nights and is remembered this time each year. That leads to the version we know today after more than a millennia of it being a more somber celebration.

About 60 or 70 years ago, Jewish kids were coming home from school, saw that their friends were all getting Christmas presents. They werent getting anything and so Jewish parents decided to sort of give Christmas presents to their Jewish kids wrapped in Hanukkah paper, Rabbi Larry said.

But the core values of Hanukkah remain today with roots in intimate observances, traditions, and the fire in eight candles.

We try to illuminate, and again, its just that little bit of light that can bring solace to us and to humanity itself, Rabbi David said.

So whether youre celebrating the Festival of Lights or just trying to bring light to the world, Happy Hanukkah.

The eight-day holiday runs through Sunday night.

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Exploring the origins and evolution of the Festival of Lights - PAHomePage.com