ST. PAUL, Minn. Five weeks after being traded to the Wild last season, Marc-Andre Fleury drove to the teams practice facility just to make sure it actually existed.

The guys keep telling me about the practice arena and how great it is, and I think its a lie, Fleury joked at the time.

It was a moment of levity before the playoffs, but it also was a reminder of just how little the Wild practiced after Fleurys arrival. With the most condensed schedule in the NHL down the stretch, they were ravaged by injuries players were battling through.

In grand total last season, Fleury practiced with the Wild twice: once on the road and once the day before the teams playoff series began against the St. Louis Blues.

Fleury went 9-2 with the Wild in the regular season, but its no secret he has a very different style in net than the quieter Cam Talbot. And it sure felt like the Wilds blueliners had trouble in the playoffs determining where Fleury would place rebounds, when he would come out of his crease to play the puck and where hed place it.

Fleurys hope and the Wilds hope is that after a full training camp, the Wilds blue line will be more at ease playing in front of the veteran goaltender.

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Wild training camp: Fleury working on chemistry with D, plus Rossi and Steel first impressions, more - The Athletic

With only two weeks left until the 2022 chemistry Nobel prize is announced, Web of Science provider Clarivate has published its citation laureates researchers whose work ranks among the 0.01% of most highly cited publications.

Zhenan Bao from Stanford University, US, was selected for her work on flexible electronics and electronic skin, organic and polymeric electronic materials that have made applications in soft robotics, prosthetics, artificial intelligence and health monitoring possible.

Clarivate also singled out US-based scientists Bonnie Bassler at Princeton University and Peter Greenberg at the University of Washington for their discovery of quorum sensing, an intercellular chemical communications system that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population through gene regulation. Bassler was one of the recipients of a 2022 Wolf prize in chemistry, alongside bioorthogonal chemistry pioneer Carolyn Bertozzi and Benjamin Cravatt, who developed activity-based protein profiling. Winners of a Wolf prize have often gone on to become Nobel laureates.

Finally, Daniel Nocera from Harvard University, US, was selected for his research into proton-coupled electron transfer. The mechanism is important for many biochemical processes including photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and oxygen reduction. Its study could eventually lead to artificial photosynthetic systems.

Now in its 20th year, Clarivates analysis has been surprisingly accurate, with 64 citation laureates having gone on to receive Nobel prizes, including 10 chemistry citation laureates. Among them are the 2020 winners Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, and one of the 2019 laureates, John Goodenough. All three of them were citation laureates in 2015.

Chemistry Views poll, which has so far received around 350 votes, predicts this years prize will go to a biochemist. Protein folding in particular seemed to be on peoples mind with multiple votes for the biochemical pioneers Franz-Ulrich Hartl and Arthur Horwich. AlphaFold developer John Jumper was one of the most suggested people, alongside Bertozzi and mtealorganic framework pioneer Omar Yaghi. Nucleic acid researcher Shankar Balasubramanian, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, discoverer of atom transfer radical polymerisation, and Demis Hassabis, co-founder and chief executive of DeepMind, which developed AlphaFold, were among the other individuals whose names popped up multiple times.

Just like last year, bioorthogonal chemistry/click chemistry is, with almost 42% of the votes, leading the Twitter poll run by Stuart Cantrill, editorial director for Natures physics and chemistry journals. A prize for this field, tweeted Cathleen Crudden, is way overdue. However, she agreed with Florence Williams and others that one person deserving of the honour is Katalin Karik who developed the mRNA technology that many Covid vaccines are based on.

The 2022 chemistry Nobel prize will be announced on Wednesday 5 October. Chemistry World will be tracking all the developments that day before and after the prize is announced at 10.45am BST.

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Flexible electronics and quorum sensing among predictions for chemistry Nobel prize - Chemistry World

KELLY Ripa has lifted the lid on her on-screen chemistry with Live co-host Ryan Seacrest in a revealing tell-all interview.

Kelly, 51, revealed the secret behind "good on-screen chemistry" toThe Wall Street Journal.

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TheLive with Kelly and Ryanstar revealed she preferred to "work with my friends."

The TV star has been able to work well withRyan, 47, because the two "have had a 20-plus-year friendship."

The Hope and Faith star admitted that she and theAmerican Idolpersonality "trust one another and admire each other."

Kelly concluded: "We involve each other in our deep workplace discussions, which was such a new thing for me. "

The Live stars recently celebrated the fifth anniversary of hosting their talk show.

After watching a montage of photos of himself with his family, Ryanteared up a bit, chuckled, and said: "I actually can't talk.

"It kind of does get us every time seeing our families on here and a sappy song like that."

He confessed: "We do get choked up."

Most read in Entertainment

Kelly laughed and pointed out: "We do. Especially you."

The Broad City guest star promoted her book,Live Wire: Long Winded Short Stories, with the publication.

The TV star originally set out to write her book in 2020, but her confidence began to fade the more she started jotting things down.

Kelly said: "I have the opposite of impostor syndrome. I think that because I enjoy doing something because I enjoy reading, I can write a book."

The All My Children star revealed she has big plans for herself in the future.

Kelly shared: "My ultimate goal is to get off camera.

"Because I really do enjoy the process of behind-the-scenes creativity more than being in front of the camera."

It is unclear when the former soap opera star plans to step back from the ABC show, or her other TV projects.

Behind the camera, Kelly is one of the executive producers on the LifetimeRipped from the Headlinesmovie,Let's Get Physical.

Let's Get Physical - which stars Kelly's son Michael, 25 - is scheduled to air on Lifetime on October 15th.

Kelly and her husband, Mark Consuelos, 51, share their sons, Michael and Joaquin Antonio, 19, and daughterLola Grace, 21.

The couple celebratedtheir 26th wedding anniversaryat the beginning of May.

She paid tribute to the day with a photo of the lovey-dovey pair cuddling and called Mark the "love of my life."

The twomarried in a quickie $179 weddinginLas Vegasback in 1996.

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Original post:
Kelly Ripa gets honest about her onscreen chemistry with Live co-host Ryan Seacrest in revealing int... - The US Sun

An X-ray of theDancing Horseearthenware sculpture, which dates to608 to 907 C.E. during China's Tang dynasty Cincinnati Art Museum / Gift of Carl and Eleanor Strauss, 1997.53

A curator and a chemist together uncovered the secrets of an ancient Chinese horse sculpture at the Cincinnati Art Museum. When the curator questioned whether a decorative tassel on the horses forehead was original to the artwork, the museum brought in a team of scientists to help analyze the piece.

The earthenware horse sculpture dates to somewhere between 608 and 907 C.E., during Chinas Tang dynasty. During the rule of Emperor Xuanzong in the 8th century, horses became a symbol of prosperity across the country, writes IFLSciences Katie Spalding.

Emperor Xuanzong owned more than 40,000 horses, as Hou-mei Sung, a curator of East Asian art at the Cincinnati Art Museum, says in a press release. The horses were trained to dance, or follow the beat of a drum, and sculptures of them were made to bury with royals when they died, Sung says.

This particular horse sculpture has been at the Cincinnati museum since 1997. It stands 26.5 inches tall and appears to be mid-dance, with one hoof held aloft. Attached to its body are ten cone-shaped decorative tassels, which have the same reddish color as the horses tail and mane.

But one of those tassels was in an unusual positionon the horses forehead, just below its mane. Sung says in the press release that shes seen many dancing horse sculptures, but none of the others have had a forehead tassel.

I believed it was a mistake. The tassel wasnt in the right position, she says in the release. These pieces are so old. They often go through many repairs.

To determine the origin and authenticity of the tassel, the museum allowed University of Cincinnati chemist Pietro Strobbia and other researchers to take a closer look. Many museums have a conservator but not necessarily scientific facilities needed to do this kind of examination, Strobbia says in the press release. The forehead tassel looks original, but the museum asked us to determine what materials it was made from.

The researchers used a drill to collect 11 tiny samples of powder from different parts of the horse, each weighing just a few milligrams, writes the Washington Posts Erin Blakemore. One techniquefor studying thesamples was X-ray powder diffraction, in which scientists measured how the powder bent an X-ray beam, revealing the composition of the sample. The researchers also used Raman spectroscopy, which measured how a laser beam scattered when it hit the powder, according to the Post.

The analysis revealed thatSungs assumption appeared to be correct: The tassel was made of plaster, not earthenware, and thus was likely not original to the piece. It had been added to the sculpture using animal glue. Two other tassels on the body of the horse were also not original, according to IFLScience.

The researchers published their findings in August in the journal Heritage Science. Based on the research, the museum decided to remove the forehead adornment, per the Post.

The findings also suggested that the sculpture had undergone multiple restoration efforts. Three other tassels showed evidence of repair, and X-rays revealed breaks inside the statue, with dowel rods placed around the neck, legs and tail to hold it together.

It was restored at least twice in its lifetime, Kelly Rectenwald, a co-author of the paper and the associate objects conservator at the Cincinnati Art Museum, says in the press release. Finding anything new about an artwork is really interesting.

Recommended Videos

Read the rest here:
Chemistry Reveals the History of an Ancient Dancing Horse Sculpture - Smithsonian Magazine

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Dublin, Sept. 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size & Share to 2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals are used to destroy harmful microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, and fungi,. There are various types of disinfectants, antimicrobial chemicals available in the market, which include Phenolics, Iodophors, Nitrogen compounds, Organometallics, Organosulfurs, Aldehydes, and Others.

The phenolic compounds are used as disinfectant for surfaces such as laboratory, and non-critical medical devices such as blood pressure cuffs, stethoscope, hospital beds, and furniture.

Market Drivers

The increase in prevalence of healthcare associated infections is expected to boost the growth of global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market over the forecast period. Also, the rise in healthcare investments by government and private companies across the globe will positively influence the market growth.

Furthermore, growing COVID-19 pandemic across the globe expected to drive the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth during this forecast timeline. Moreover, the increase in demand from water treatment and healthcare industries is expected to propel the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth. In addition, the rise in awareness, especially across the emerging economies like APAC, and MEA is projected to further fuel the market in near future.

Market Restraints

Lack of awareness about the use of chemical disinfectants is the major restraint which expected to hamper the global disinfectant and antimicrobial chemicals market growth. Also, improper disposable of chemicals is expected to lead to contamination of soil, and water may limit the market growth over the forecast period.

Market Segmentation

The Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market is segmented into function such as Disinfectants & Sanitizers, and Antimicrobial Additives, by chemical products such as Phenolics, Iodophors, Nitrogen compounds, Organometallics, Organosulfurs, Aldehydes, and Others. Further, market is segmented into end user such as Paint & Coatings, Medical & Healthcare, Food & Beverage Processing, Plastics, Textiles, and others.

Also, the Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market is segmented into five regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.

Market Key Players

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Various key players are discussed in this report such as BASF SE, ASHLAND INCORPORATED, AKZO NOBEL NV, AKCROS CHEMICALS LIMITED, CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, FERRO CORPORATION, LANXESS AG, LONZA GROUP LIMITED, and MILLIKEN & COMPANY.

Key Questions Addressed by the Report

What are the Key Opportunities in Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market?

What will be the growth rate from 2019 to 2027?

Which segment/region will have highest growth?

What are the factors that will impact/drive the Market?

What is the competitive Landscape in the Industry?

What is the role of key players in the value chain?

What are the strategies adopted by key players?

Key Topics Covered:

1 Introduction

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Outlook4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Function5.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By Function5.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function5.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Function5.3.1 Disinfectants & Sanitizers5.3.2 Antimicrobial Additives

6 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Chemical Products6.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By Chemical Products6.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Chemical Products6.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products6.3.1 Phenolics6.3.2 Iodophors6.3.3 Nitrogen compounds6.3.4 Organometallics6.3.5 Organosulfurs6.3.6 Aldehydes6.3.7 Others

7 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By End User7.1 Y-o-Y Growth Comparison, By End User7.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By End User7.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User7.3.1 Paint & Coatings7.3.2 Medical & Healthcare7.3.3 Food & Beverage Processing7.3.4 Plastics7.3.5 Textiles7.3.6 Others

8 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market, By Region8.1 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Region8.2 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Region8.3 Global Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Region

9 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)9.1 Introduction9.2 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function9.3 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products9.4 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User9.5 North America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country9.5.1 U.S.9.5.2 Canada9.5.3 Mexico

10 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)10.1 Introduction10.2 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function10.3 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products10.4 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User10.5 Europe Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country10.5.1 Germany10.5.2 France10.5.3 UK10.5.4 Rest of Europe

11 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)11.1 Introduction11.2 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function11.3 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products11.4 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User11.5 Asia Pacific Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country11.5.1 China11.5.2 Japan11.5.3 India11.5.4 Rest of Asia Pacific

12 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)12.1 Introduction12.2 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function12.3 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products12.4 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User12.5 Latin America Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, Country

13 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)13.1 Introduction13.2 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Share Analysis, By Function13.3 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Chemical Products13.4 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By End User13.5 Middle East Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Market Size and Forecast, By Country

14 Competitive Analysis14.1 Competition Dashboard14.2 Market share Analysis of Top Vendors14.3 Key Development Strategies

15 Company Profiles15.1 BASF SE15.1.1 Overview15.1.2 Offerings15.1.3 Key Financials15.1.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.1.5 Key Marke
t Developments15.1.6 Key Strategies15.2. ASHLAND INCORPORATED15.2.1 Overview15.2.2 Offerings15.2.3 Key Financials15.2.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.2.5 Key Market Developments15.2.6 Key Strategies15.3. AKZO NOBEL NV15.3.1 Overview15.3.2 Offerings15.3.3 Key Financials15.3.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.3.5 Key Market Developments15.3.6 Key Strategies15.4 AKCROS CHEMICALS LIMITED15.4.1 Overview15.4.2 Offerings15.4.3 Key Financials15.4.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.4.5 Key Market Developments15.4.6 Key Strategies15.5 CLARIANT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED15.5.1 Overview15.5.2 Offerings15.5.3 Key Financials15.5.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.5.5 Key Market Developments15.5.6 Key Strategies15.6 DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY15.6.1 Overview15.6.2 Offerings15.6.3 Key Financials15.6.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.6.5 Key Market Developments15.6.6 Key Strategies15.7 FERRO CORPORATION15.7.1 Overview15.7.2 Offerings15.7.3 Key Financials15.7.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.7.5 Key Market Developments15.7.6 Key Strategies15.8 LANXESS AG15.8.1 Overview15.8.2 Offerings15.8.3 Key Financials15.8.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.8.5 Key Market Developments15.8.6 Key Strategies15.9 LONZA GROUP LIMITED15.9.1 Overview15.9.2 Offerings15.9.3 Key Financials15.9.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.9.5 Key Market Developments15.9.6 Key Strategies15.10 MILLIKEN & COMPANY15.10.1 Overview15.10.2 Offerings15.10.3 Key Financials15.10.4 Business Segment & Geographic Overview15.10.5 Key Market Developments15.10.6 Key Strategies

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ttc299

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Worldwide Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Chemicals Industry to 2027 - by Function, Chemical Products, End-user and Region - Yahoo Finance

Fans have been anticipating the release of Meet Cute ever since it was announced that Kaley Cuoco and Pete Davidson were co-starring. The seemingly unlikely couple bring a magnetic charm together to the screen, and the fact that both of their love lives have been in the public eye certainly doesnt hurt the cause. Meet Cute is available for streaming with a Peacock subscription, but ahead of its release, critics had the chance to screen the movie, and its no surprise that the relationship between the two actors played a big role in their reactions.

Alex Lehmann directs this time-travel rom-com, in which its quickly learned that Kaley Cuocos Sheila has been going back in time to relive the perfect day when she met Pete Davidsons Gary. So lets see what critics are saying about Cuoco and Davidson's odd-couple chemistry, starting with the CinemaBlend review of Meet Cute. Nick Venable rates the movie 3.5 stars out of 5, saying Cuoco is fantastic, if not slightly unhinged, and Davidson brings exactly what youd expect basically, the low-key vibe of a guy who can get away with wearing sweatpants on the red carpet. The review says:

As a time-travel movie duo, Sheila and Gary arent history-changers like Bill and Ted, and they dont get involved in gross familial circumstances like Doc and Marty. But their story is definitely another unique entry in the annals of cinema, and one that fans may want to watch time and time again, with or without a time travel tanning booth involved.

Kate Erbland of Indiewire gives the grade of a B, calling this movie an awkward, but smart watch, and she notes that the main actors are damn cute together. Here's more from the review:

Dont let the cloying title fool you and dont get caught up in the Groundhog Day of it all. Lehmanns film is both a credible romance and a clever attempt at deconstructing just what it is we love about love, both on the big screen and in the mess of our everyday lives. Many elements of this anti-rom-com (that is also a rom-com) dont quite gel, with explanations for Sheila and Garys damaged psyches that feel paper-thin and movie-made. Still, the stuff that does work interrogates the entire genre; its both entertaining and smart as hell.

Emily Bernard of Collider grades the film a B-, noting its a little dark to be considered a rom-com, despite its comedic leads, and says the characters come off more like best friends than potential lovers:

This movie thrives when it focuses on Sheila and Garys connection and their awkward, charming get to know you banter (even though Sheila supposedly knows everything about Gary) carefully crafted by writer Noga Pnueli. Its clear these two are a good match for each other, not necessarily romantically, but as best friends. Their conversations and behavior playfully ride the line between being flirtatious and making fun of each other the way two long-time pals would do. They bond over their mutual fair shares of trauma, and the glimmering moments of hope in a bleak world that restore their faith in humanity.

Lovia Gyarkye of THR also gets that platonic feeling, but notes that Kaley Cuoco is nearly flawless in the movies first act. While The Big Bang Theory actress does have chemistry with the former Saturday Night Live cast member, by the second act theyve lost momentum and their relationship seems to be more fraternal. As it says in the review:

Despite its flaws, Meet Cute flickers with potential. The film has pockets of charming moments, which make it easier to see what the filmmakers were trying to achieve. Theres something seductive about reliving the honeymoon period of any relationship, of returning to the moment passion was ignited, but its not those early days or feelings that create a winning or lasting romance. Meet Cute takes its own, inventive route to a familiar conclusion: Love, like the most intricate puzzles, takes time.

The movie just doesn't work for Jordan Hoffman of the AV Club, who grades Meet Cute a D. The actors are game, the critic says, but the script is pedestrian:

Meet Cute has all the unoriginality of a forgettable low-budget pictureand eye-rolling dialogue like making Kaley Cuoco say all the things!plus a central premise that just doesnt work. Dont feel bad if you stand this one up.

Kaley Cuoco and Pete Davidsons performances had to carry this movie, and it sounds like most critics were charmed by their efforts, even if the romantic aspect might have been a little lacking. Meet Cute is available for streaming on Peacock, and be sure to also check out these other movies and shows to watch if you like Davidson. While this movie is straight to streaming, you can start planning your next trip to the theater with our 2022 movie release schedule.

Read more here:
Meet Cute Reviews Are Here, And Critics Have Thoughts On Kaley Cuoco And Pete Davidson's Odd-Couple Chemistry - CinemaBlend

Scientists in South Korea are reporting the most accurate experimental geometries for benzene and deuterated benzene to date.1 The team led by Thomas Schultz at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology say that previously reported experimental structures were out by several milliangstroms.

Srgio Domingos from the University of Coimbra in Portugal, who wasnt involved in the study, explains that isotopic information was used to determine the corrected benzene structure. The results reveal carbonhydrogen and carbondeuterium bond lengths that defy currently accepted literature values, he says. The nuclear quantum effect of deuterium with respect to hydrogen hasnt been explored for benzene with this level of precision before.

Benzene was first isolated by Michael Faraday almost 200 years ago and has become an important reference molecule that is used to test experiments and theoretical methods in different fields. But despite being studied intensively, benzenes behaviour continues to surprise scientists. Recently, a high-resolution rotational spectroscopy study revealed an unusual hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect2 as well as unexpected differences between the effective and equilibrium carbonhydrogen bond lengths of this compound. The new experimental work challenges these observations, suggesting that benzenes vibrational properties are just like those of other small molecules.

Schultz and colleagues mention that their results refute recent experimental and theoretical literature claims of identical effective CH and CD bond lengths in benzene, and indeed the team found an 11.5m difference between the two, with the deuterium bond shorter. The researchers have identified shortcomings of earlier approximations which led to surprising results for this prototypical aromatic molecule, comments Jennifer van Wijngaarden from York University in Canada. The agreement with quantum chemical theory is impressive and these results are more intuitive than what the prior microwave studies suggested.

Domingos notes that the technique used mass-correlated rotational alignment spectroscopy is a tandem one that correlates the rotational Raman spectra of neutral ground-state molecules with the masses of ions formed during ionisation. The method allows for complicated isotopic species to be studied, even molecules with a lot of symmetry which are often not detectable with other techniques, he says.

The approach uses a pulse from a pump laser to create excited rotational states of molecules using Raman excitation. Rather than detecting the rotational frequency directly to identify these excited states, the detection is done by ionising the rotating molecules using two different photons to reach sufficient energy, one fixed and one variable, explains van Wijngaarden. She says that the new study corrects current understanding of the structure of benzene and lays the framework for building better models of molecular structure. And as this technique can be applied to highly symmetric molecules, it opens the door to the characterisation of many chemically important species like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See the article here:
Benzenes bond lengths corrected | Research - Chemistry World

Pack your bags.

That was the message wide receiverJa'Marr Chasegot from Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow the morning of the 2021 NFL draft. During the 2019 season at LSU, Burrow and Chase formed one of college football's most potent combinations. When Chase got the text from Burrow on draft day, it indicated a reunion in Cincinnati might be his future.

"I don't know if that was a hint or not, but when I saw that text I said, 'OK, I'm ready,'" Chase said after the Bengals selected him with the fifth overall pick. The move paid off handsomely for Cincinnati. Chase had a record-setting year with81 catches for 1,455 yards and 13 touchdowns. Chase was named the NFL's top offensive rookie. The connection between Burrow and Chase helped push the Bengals to the brink of winning the franchise's first Super Bowl last season.

Burrow and Chase aren't the only quarterback-receiver combinations who went from being college teammates to linking up in the NFL. They will face two of their former college rivals when Cincinnati hosts the Miami Dolphinson Thursday night (8:15 p.m. ET, Amazon Prime Video).

One pick after the Bengals drafted Chase, Miami reunited Alabama wide receiver Jaylen Waddle with his former college quarterbackTua Tagovailoa. They're two of six NFL teams that have reunited quarterbacks with their college receivers, hoping to mimic the spark teammates showed before they turned pro.

So far, the results seem to be paying off for Cincinnati, Miami and teams that made similar moves across the NFL.

Stats together with LSU, 2018-19: 107 receptions, 2,093 yards, 23 TDs

Stats together with Bengals, 2021-22: 100 receptions, 1,641 yards, 15 TDs

The moment Chase realized Burrow was a special quarterback didn't happen on the field.

Ahead of the LSU Tigers' game against the Florida Gators in October 2019, Burrow approached Chase about watching film together. Burrow pointed out all the weaknesses he saw in the opposing defensive backs as they plotted an attack for the upcoming Saturday. Chase finished with seven catches for 127 yards and two touchdowns in a 42-28 win.

The two were prolific members of one of the best college teams in recent history. LSU went undefeated and won the national championship that season. Burrow won the Heisman Trophy while Chase earned the Biletnikoff as the nation's top receiver, finishing with 1,780 yards and 20 touchdown receptions.

When Chase first arrived at LSU in 2018, the instructions from Burrow were simple but powerful.

"He was just telling me, 'Bro, if I see one-on-one, I'm going to throw it up to you,'" Chase recalled in August ahead of his second NFL season. "That right there let me know that he believes I'm a great receiver and that I can make plays. When he told me that, it's just my part to make the play and let him keep believing that I can do it."

That belief didn't waver when the pairing reunited in the pros. One year after the Bengals drafted Burrow with the No. 1 overall pick in 2020, they selected Chase at No. 5. And again, it ended up being a special connection. Chase set Cincinnati's franchise record for most receiving yards in a single season and was named the Associated Press' Offensive Rookie of the Year.

That on-field connection was exemplified in a Week 17 win over the Kansas City Chiefs that clinched the AFC North and the Bengals' first playoff berth since 2015.

On a pivotal third-and-27, Burrow found Chase for a 30-yard completion down the right sideline. It worked for the same reason Burrow told him when they started playing together at LSU.

"Everybody knows the meme: 'Eff it, Ja'Marr's down there somewhere,'" Burrow said in his postgame news conference. "I'm gonna just throw it up to him and he's gonna make a play." -- Ben Baby

Stats together with Oklahoma, 2017-18: 77 receptions, 1,425 yards, 11 TDs

Stats together with Cardinals, 2022: 23 receptions, 249 yards, 1 TD

Before they became one of college football's most dynamic duos during the 2018 season, Murray and Brown forged their relationship behind closed doors in 2017 at the expense of one of college football's best teams.

While both were backups for the Oklahoma Sooners that season, they joined forces on the scout team. Over the course of the season, they built a bond, a friendship and a connection on the field that they're rekindling five years later.

The show they put on back then set the stage for 2018 and, again in, 2022.

"It was hell," former Oklahoma cornerback Jordan Thomas said. "It was almost like I'd rather play our starting offense versus our scout team."

Cardinals coach Kliff Kingsbury can see the comfort that Murray has with Brown.

"The flashes are there," Kingsbury said. "And as the season goes on, I expect it to be a pretty good combination."

From Kingsbury's experience, which includes college football, if a quarterback and receiver work in college, "it usually has a chance -- if they're talented enough -- to continue that chemistry on the next level."

It's safe to say Murray and Brown are that type of talented. Both were first-round picks in 2019.

Murray and Brown remained close after college, working out together during offseasons. In fact, they were throwing together when Brown got the call he was traded to the Cardinals in April.

"Just knowing him on a personal level, just knowing the person like, who they really are, just helps you on the field because I know how he thinks, I know how he's wired, he knows how I'm wired, and sometimes it clicks for people and sometimes it doesn't," Brown said.

"With me and Kyler, I think it clicked know from Day 1 and then it's just something that we just got."

Brown had a career-high 14 catches in just his third game with Murray for 140 yards, the second most of his career. -- Josh Weinfuss

Stats together with Alabama, 2018: 7 receptions, 125 yards, 1 TD

Stats together with Eagles, 2021-22: 79 receptions, 1,165 yards, 6 TDs

Hurts and Smith are both electric on the field, but it's their unspectacular lifestyles off of it that helped forge their initial bond.

Hurts was Smith's host when Smith took his visit to the Alabama Crimson Tide's campus. Asked what they did together outside of the obligatory functions, Smith said: "We didn't do nothing. I went back to my hotel room. We didn't hang out or nothing like that. That's just the type of guys we are. We don't want to be out. We just want to keep to ourselves."

It's all about business for both of them. When one wanted to meet up to get extra reps in, the other was always game. It became clear pretty quickly that they were like-minded when it came to their serious approach to their crafts.

"I always kind of draw towards a guy that's willing to put the work in because I know I'm going to put the work in," Hurts said. "I was able to build a relationship with DeVonta just because he was willing to work. We didn't like to party much or do too much -- we'd hang out with our friends and do things like that -- but we were about the grind. There's a few guys I remember being willing to do that: Minkah Fitzpatrick being one of them, DeVonta being one of them. We were able to build a great relationship just through our work ethic, and kind of tracked ourselves back here to Philly."

Hurts and Smith were teammates at Alabama during Smith's freshman and sophomore years (2017-18), when Smith was sharing the field with other standouts like Calvin Ridley, Jerry Jeudy and Henry Ruggs III. Smith and Hurts connected for 12 receptions, 207 yards and two touchdowns during their time together in Tuscaloosa before Hurts transferred to Oklahoma.

When Smith first arrived to the Eagles practice facility in April 2021 after being selected with the 10th overall pick in the draft, Hurts was there to greet him, just like he did at Tuscaloosa. This time around they went a little wild and headed down the street to take in a Sixers game before calling it a night. -- Tim McManus

Stats together with C
lemson, 2018-20: 71 receptions, 811 yards, 7 TDs

Stats together with Jaguars, 2022: 8 receptions, 81 yards, 0 TDs

Lawrence and Etienne have been teammates for five years, so naturally they've become close.

And as friends do, they share things. Memories. Maybe a few secrets. And hand towels.

It's easier to let Etienne explain:

"So he wears his towel in the front and I wear my towel in the back," he said. "After the first quarter my towel was drenched so I can't wipe [my hands] on my towel. He keeps his towel fresh and clean because he's got to keep his hands dry. So he's right here. So I just use his."

That started when Lawrence arrived at Clemson in 2018 (Etienne got there in 2017). At any moment during a game or a practice Etienne could reach over during the huddle and clean his hands on Lawrence's towel. It has become an inside joke between the two that carried over into the NFL when the Jacksonville Jaguars drafted the pair in the first round in 2021. Etienne missed his first NFL season with aa Lisfranc injury.

South Florida coach Jeff Scott, who was Clemson's co-offensive coordinator from 2015-19, said it's not surprising that Lawrence and Etienne got along so well there and continue to do so now because they are similar people.

"High character [and] they love football," Scott said. "Not a lot of distractions off the field. They're very focused and really are all about the right thing. You saw them together a lot on the field, and off the field and they always had great communication.

"It was a very kind of professional [relationship] among them even at the college level. It was just a little bit of a higher level of maturity from them than maybe most guys at that point in their college career."

Etienne was a little more flashy, however, wearing his towel out of the back of his pants for a little style. So Lawrence had to unwittingly help keep his hands dry. "It doesn't bother me," Lawrence said. "I just have to switch out my towel more often than normal." -- Michael DiRocco

Stats together with Fresno State, 2012-13: 233 receptions, 3,037 yards, 39 TDs

Stats together with Raiders, 2021: 17 receptions, 189 yards, 3 TDs

It was after the first four routes Carr saw Adams run at Fresno State when the quarterback made a beeline to then-Fresno State Bulldogs coach Pat Hill.

"Why are we redshirting him?" Carr asked Hill of the new guy in 2011. "What are we doing?"

Adams, Carr said, might have been a better basketball player coming out of high school, yet he was already better than any other receiver on the Bulldogs' roster. The two became fast friends in California's Central Valley and as their chemistry grew for Fresno State, so, too, did their success. In 2013, when Carr passed for more than 5,000 yards, Adams caught 24 of his 50 touchdown passes. Carr was drafted 36th overall by the Raiders in 2014 and Adams went 17 picks later to the Green Bay Packers.

"We were working out together for the first six years of our NFL career anyway because we lived right down the street from each other once I moved up to Danville [California]," Adams said in training camp. "So, we were probably throwing three times a week for five, six years. Had about a two-year gap when the [Raiders] moved [to Las Vegas from Oakland], but basically picked up where we left off."

And then some. After the megatrade that landed Adams in Las Vegas in March, they showed their chemistry was real. In Week 1 of the 2022 season, their first game as NFL teammates, Carr targeted Adams 17 times and Adams had 10 catches for 141 yards and a TD.

"We both are so committed and obsessive over our craft to where ... I messed something up at the end of practice, just a subtle thing, and we go back out there after," Adams added. "I just want to feel that and do it because that's the way we did it before. Anytime if he didn't like a ball he threw in a period, he had me go stand in the spot that I would have been catching the ball and then he'll fire it until he liked how he threw it, which is usually one more pass.

"But when you got two dudes that have worked together and already built up a lot of camaraderie and have a close friendship, I feel like that makes it so much easier kind of getting back and jelling the way you were before."

Yes, their lockers are next to each other in the Raiders facility. --Paul Gutierrez

Stats together with Alabama, 2018-19: 48 receptions, 798 yards, 7 TDs

Stats together with Dolphins, 2021-22: 91 receptions, 1,100 yards, 9 TDs

Tagovailoa and Waddle spent two seasons together at Alabama, winning a national championship game and losing in another.

Their connection might not have been as prolific as the other duos on this list, but that didn't stop the Dolphins from reuniting the former college teammates .

Neither was known for being particularly vocal, but Tagovailoa said he noticed a growth in Waddle during the time between their final game at Alabama on Nov. 16, 2019, and their first with the Dolphins on Sept. 12, 2021.

"His biggest improvement is his communication," Tagovailoa said last season. "In college, Jaylen would speak up here and there, but you really see him now. You come to the sideline after a series and he's out there telling me, 'Hey, this is why I'm running this route. I'm running it because of this and that, and this is where I'm expecting the ball.' He's telling me 'do this.'

"And it's not asking -- it's more so telling."

Miami's idea to reunite them in the NFL paid off immediately. Waddle was the team's leading receiver last season, setting an NFL rookie record for receptions with 104 on a team-high 140 targets. And they've picked up where they left off, particularly during an explosive win over the Ravens in Week 2 as both players set career highs for yards and touchdowns.

They generally like to downplay their success in the NFL having much to do with their relationship at Alabama, and that's their prerogative. But Tagovailoa trusts Waddle implicitly, and that trust goes both ways.

During their game-winning drive against the Ravens, Waddle said Tagovailoa addressed the huddle, telling his teammates "it's either us or them right now."

"That got me going, man," Waddle said after the game.

Immediately after Tagovailoa's message to the team, he and Waddle connected for the game-winning touchdown. -- Marcel Louis-Jacques

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College chemistry paying off for six QB-receiver duos in the NFL - KABC-TV

St. James Parish, located on a stretch of the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans dubbed Cancer Alley due to the high concentration of petrochemical plants, is home to the countrys largest producer of polystyrene the foam commonly found in soft drink and takeout containers.

Now, the owner of that plant wants to build a new facility in the same area that would break down used foam cups and containers into raw materials that can be turned into other kinds of plastic. While theres limited data on what kinds of emissions this type of facility creates, environmental advocates are concerned that the new plant could represent a new source of carcinogens like dioxin and benzene in the already polluted area.

The proposed plant comes as the U.S. federal and state governments and private companies pour billions into chemical recycling research, which is touted as a potential solution to anemic plastics recycling rates. Proponents say that, despite mounting restrictions on single-use packaging, plastics arent going away anytime soon, and that chemical recycling is needed to keep growing amounts of plastic waste out of landfills and oceans.

But questions abound about whether the plants are economically viable and how chemical recycling contributes to local air pollution, perpetuating a history of environmental injustices and climate change.

Skeptics argue that chemical recycling is an unproven technology that amounts to little more than the latest PR effort from the plastics industry. The Environmental Protection Agency is deciding whether or not to continue regulating the plants as incinerators, with some lawmakers expressing concerns last month about toxic emissions from these facilities.

Theyre going to be managing toxic chemicalsand theyre going to be putting our communities at risk for either air pollution or something worse, Jane Patton, a Baton Rouge native and manager of the Center for International Environmental Laws plastics and petrochemicals campaign, told EHN of the proposed new plant in Louisiana.

The air of St. James Parish, where the new plant will be located, has among the highest pollution levels along the Mississippi River corridor dubbed Cancer Alley. A joint investigation in 2019 by ProPublica, The Times-Picayune and The Advocate found that most of the new petrochemical facilities in the parish including the recycling plant will be located near the mostly Black 5th District.

In the U.S., less than 10% of plastics are actually recycled. Credit: Hans from Pixabay

When most of us picture recycling, we picture what industry insiders call mechanical recycling: plastics are sorted, cleaned, crushed or shredded and then melted to be made into new goods.

In the U.S., though, less than 10% of plastics are actually recycled due to challenges ranging from contamination to variability in plastic types and coloring. No flexible plastic packaging can be recycled with mechanical recycling the only real plastic that can be recycled are number one and number two water bottles and milk jugs, George Huber, an engineering professor at the University of Wisconsin and head of the multi-university research center for Chemical Upcycling of Waste Plastics, told EHN.

Enter chemical recycling processes that use high heat, chemicals, or both to break used plastic goods down into their chemical building blocks to, in theory, make more plastics. Proponents say that chemical recycling can complement more traditional recycling by handling mixed and harder-to-recycle plastics.

An advantage of advanced recycling is that it can take more of the 90% of plastics that arent recycled today, including the hard-to-recycle films, pouches and other mixed plastics, and remake them into virgin-quality new plastics approved for medical and food contact applications, Joshua Baca, vice president of the plastics division at the American Chemistry Council, told EHN.

The technology has actually been around for decades, with an initial wave of plants built in the 1990s, but it didnt take off then because of operational and economic challenges. Huber said some factors have changed, like a significant increase in plastic use and Chinas refusal to accept other countries waste, that make chemical recycling more viable this time around.

Yet a 2021 Reuters investigation found that commercial viability remains a major challenge for chemical recyclers due to difficulties like contamination of the incoming plastic, high energy costs, and the need to further clean the outputs before they can become plastic.

It's one thing in theory to design something on paper it's a whole huge challenge to build a plant, get it operational, get the permits and for it to perform like you think it would, Huber said.

Tracking down just how many chemical recycling plants operate today in the U.S. is tricky and depends in part on what one counts as recycling.

Most of the plants in the U.S. are pyrolysis facilities, which use huge amounts of energy to heat plastics up enough to break their chemical bonds, raising concerns about their climate impacts if that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. An analysis from Closed Loop Partners found that, depending on the technology, carbon emissions from chemical recycling ranged from 22% higher to 45% lower than virgin plastics production.

It's a very promising technology to tackle the problem of (plastic) waste, but if you don't concurrently tackle the challenge of where the energy is coming from, there's a problem, Rebecca Furlong, a chemistry PhD candidate at the University of Bath who has conducted life cycle assessments of plastics recycling technologies, told EHN.

A life cycle assessment study prepared for a British chemical recycling company found that chemical recycling has a significantly lower climate impact than waste-to-energy incineration but produced almost four times as many greenhouse gas emissions as landfilling the plastic.

The American Chemistry Council, or ACC, says that there are at least seven plants in the U.S. doing plastics-to-plastics recycling, although many of those facilities also turn plastics into industrial fuel. For example, according to records reviewed by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, or GAIA, in 2018 a facility located in Oregon and owned by one of the companies planning to build the Louisiana plant, converted 216.82 pounds of polystyrene into the plastics building block styrene, sending roughly the same amount to be burned at a cement kiln.

The ACC, European Union regulators and Furlong and her advisor, Matthew Davidson, say plastics to fuel shouldnt count as recycling. Clearly digging oil out of the ground, using it as a plastic, and then burning it is not hugely different from digging it out of the ground and burning it, Davidson, director of the Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies at the University of Bath, told EHN.

Depending on the type of plastic waste the facilities are processing, the plants can generate hazardous compounds.

Depending on the type of plastic waste the facilities are processing, the plants can generate hazardous compounds. Credit: Frauke Feind from Pixabay

Chemical recycling saw a boost under the Trump administration, including a formal partnership between the federal Department of Energy and the American Chemistry Council, which lobbies on behalf of the plastics industry, to scale up chemical recycling technologies.

Theres limited information, however, on the environmental health impacts of chemical recycling plants. Furlong said she had not included hazardous waste generation in her life cycle assessments because of a lack of data. Tangri said there have been few studies outside the lab, in part because there are relatively few chemical recycling plants out there. Additionally, the ones that do exist are either too small to meet the EPAs pollution reporting threshold, or are housed within a larger petrochemical complex and so dont separately report out their air po
llution emissions.

Earlier this year, the Natural Resources Defense Council released a report looking at eight facilities in the U.S. The environmental group found that one facility in Oregon sent around half a million pounds of hazardous waste, including benzene and lead, to incinerators in Washington, Colorado, Missouri and three other states. Hazardous waste incinerators can release toxic air pollution to nearby communities. Additionally, some hazardous waste incinerators in the U.S. have repeatedly violated air pollution standards and the EPA has recently raised serious concerns about a backlog of hazardous waste piling up due to limited incineration capacity.

The Oregon facility, which is supposed to break down polystyrene into styrene, also sent more than 100,000 pounds of styrene in 2020 to be burned in waste to energy plants rather than recycled back into new plastics, according to the Natural Resources Defense Councils report.

Plastics contain a range of additives, like phthalates and bisphenols, that have serious health concerns. The European Chemicals Agency expressed concerns in a 2021 report about the extent to which chemical recycling could eliminate these chemicals, especially legacy additives like lead-stabilized PVC that the EU no longer allows, and prevent them from showing up in new plastic products.

The agency also cautioned that, depending on the type of plastic waste the facilities are processing, pyrolysis and gasification plants can generate hazardous compounds such as dioxins, volatile organic compounds and PCBs. Dioxins are considered highly toxic by the EPA as they can cause cancer, reproductive issues, immune system damage and other health issues. Volatile organic compounds can cause breathing difficulties and harm the nervous system; and some, like benzene, are also carcinogens. The agency noted that companies are required to take measures, like installing flue gas cleaning systems and pre-treatment of wastewater, to limit emissions.

Additionally, experts interviewed by the EU highlighted an overall lack of transparency about the kinds of chemicals used in some of the chemical recycling processes.

The American Chemistry Council, or ACC, says that emissions from most chemical recycling plants are too low to trigger Clean Air Act permits, citing a recent report from consultant Good Company and sponsored by the ACC that found that emissions from four plants in the U.S. were on par with those from a hospital and food manufacturing plant.

The trade group claims the plants are designed to avoid dioxin formation with many interventions, the primary one being that the plastic material is heated in a closed, oxygen-deprived environment that is not combustion, and that the facilities would be subject to violations or operating restrictions if dioxins were formed.

As the EPA decides what to do about chemical recycling plants, 20 states including Louisiana, where the new plant could be built have already passed laws that would regulate the facilities as manufacturers rather than solid waste facilities, according to the American Chemistry Council a move that environmental advocates say could lead to less oversight and more pollution. Whenever I see a big push for exemptions from environmental statutes, I get a little concerned, Judith Enck, director of the anti-plastics advocacy group Beyond Plastics, told EHN.

Advocates in Louisiana fear the new law will exempt the new facility from being regulated by the state Department of Environmental Quality, something the ACC says wont happen. However, it is unclear in the text of the law which state agency will oversee its environmental impacts (the state Department of Environmental Quality didnt respond to our question).

In a recent letter to the EPA, U.S. Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., and more than 30 other lawmakers requested that the agency continue to regulate pyrolysis and gasification plants as incinerators. Additionally, they also urged the EPA to request more information from these facilities on their air pollution and climate impacts.

Communities located near these facilities need to know what chemicals they are being exposed to, and they need the full protection that Congress intended the Clean Air Acts incinerator standards to provide, wrote the lawmakers.

The American Chemistry Council contends that chemical recycling plants take in plastics waste that is already sorted, and that regulating these facilities as solid waste facilities, with measures like odor and rodent controls, does not make sense. The ACC adds that, like other manufacturing facilities, chemical recycling plants would still be subject to air and water pollution and hazardous waste regulations.

Tangri, from GAIA, said that the U.S. should also follow in the footsteps of the EU and not count plastics to fuel as chemical recycling.

Overall, environmental advocates would prefer to see stronger measures taken to reduce plastic use and require that manufacturers take more responsibility for plastic packaging a concept known as extended producer responsibility. Enck suggested that there be mandatory environmental standards for packaging similar to auto efficiency standards. We really need to move to a refillable, reusable economy, she said. Do we need all these layers of packaging on a product? Do we need multi-material packaging?

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Chemical recycling and its environmental impacts - Environmental Health News

Twenty thousand men died on the battlefield at Waterloo, and most were buried close to where they fell. Their bodies were piled into mass graves; hastily covered with a layer of earth before the June heat made the task any more unbearable than it already was. But in the 200 years that have since passed, archaeologists have recovered only a single skeleton from this patch of Belgian ground. The rest of the remains have gone. There is no mystery, though; we know where they went. They were taken to England; ground to a fine powder; distributed to farmers and spread across their fields. There was something, those farmers knew, that was missing from their soil. And that something could be replenished with a sprinkling of bone dust.

Found in every living cell, phosphorus is essential for almost every one of lifes biochemical processes. It is found in the phospholipid bilayers that give cells their structure; it is the P in the ATP that powers lifes chemical reactions, and it is part of the nucleic acids that pass that life from one generation to the next. For such an important element though, it is surprisingly scarce in the environment: it is the least abundant of all elements, relative to the amount required for life. And unlike the other elements found in DNA, ATP and phospholipids carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen it does not circulate in the environment. Once it has been removed from a location, it is gone. A single crop of wheat can remove 7kg of phosphorus from a hectare of land. With an adult human skeleton containing approximately 700g of phosphorus, and without even considering the ethics, dead bodies could never provide farmers with a reliable, long-term supply.

One degree south of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, though, an island only six miles in circumference, hundreds of miles from the tiny islands that are its nearest neighbours and 10 days sailing from the ports of Australia, offered a solution. When Australian prospector Albert Ellis arrived at Banaba in May 1900, he found an island of 450 inhabitants, dotted with coconut palms and bright green foliage, ringed with a rampart of limestone cliffs and encircled by a reef awash with breaking surf. And he found phosphorus. Alongside the islands limestone were deep deposits of grey-brown rock rich in phosphate. Deposits that had formed as sediment on the ocean floor, that had been thrust above the waves, and that were larger and more concentrated than any Ellis had ever seen before.

Within three months, the first phosphate had been exported from the island, and such was the need of the worlds farmers that this isolated speck of earth was transformed. Hundreds of imported labourers hacked at great deposits of phosphate rock and trains hauled carts from quarries to the waters edge, while steamers offshore awaited their cargo. Over 80 years, two mining companies the Pacific Phosphate Company and the British Phosphate Commission pulled Banaba apart. They exported the fabric of the island, funnelling it through soils, plants and grazing animals into the global food chain. They exported 22 million tonnes of land before the phosphate was exhausted, stripping 92% of the islands surface, and removing the entire indigenous population when there was nowhere left for them to grow food. They left behind an uninhabited industrial wasteland, littered with mining debris and abandoned machinery.

Phosphate rock, mined elsewhere, remains the worlds primary source of phosphorus. But it will not last forever. The natural phosphorus cycle occurs on geological timescales, and if humans want to retain access to this element and modern agriculture dictates that we must then we will need a new, anthropogenic cycle. We will need a circular economy in which waste phosphorus is recovered, recycled and reused. The biggest stream of phosphorus waste is sewage, and water treatment plants already employ chemical and biological processes to remove phosphorus, but those processes typically result in phosphorus compounds that cannot easily be reused: emphasis will need to shift towards recovering phosphorus in bioavailable forms. And with byproducts from the animal industry, including bone meal, forming another major source of phosphorus waste, we will also need to learn from the skeleton recycling circular economy of the 19th century .

There are things, too, that we must learn from Banaba. It is today one of the 33 islands that comprise the nation of Kiribati. With a maximum elevation of 87m, it is the only one that rises more than a few metres above sea level. Climate change models suggest that, in time, Banaba may be the only part of the country that remains above the waves. It will be a permanent monument to rapacious extraction; a nations tombstone declaiming the need for sustainable practices.

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The island that weve eaten | Opinion - Chemistry World

The Philadelphia 76ers believe they have a championship caliber roster in place entering the 2022-23 season. After swinging a trade deadline deal for James Harden last year, Philadelphia knocked off the Toronto Raptors in the first round, and lost a tough six-game series to the Miami Heat in round two with superstar center Joel Embiid playing through multiple injuries.

The Sixers have now had a full offseason to integrate Harden while spending their summer improving the roster around the margins. This should be one of very best teams in the East, but its going to require Harden to reestablish himself as one of the best guards in the league after a down year by his standards last season. We named him one of nine NBA players with the most to prove entering the new year.

The Sixers certainly have a lot of talent, led by Harden and Embiid, but they will need to find cohesion. That process begins in the preseason. As the Sixers opened training camp, there was a viral video of head coach Doc Rivers coaching up Harden that was so cool to watch.

This is a rare peak behind the curtain of what goes on at NBA practices. Fans are smarter because of access like this, and its a great way to grow the game.

In the clip, Rivers talks to Harden about the need to establish Embiid this season. He says Harden is a team leader, and needs to show everyone else how to get the big man in the middle going.

We were a horrible would you agree? a horrible post passing team last year, Rivers tells Harden. Our objective is getting that first. Thats why you need to have the right spirit about it. Get them to do it right.

What I got to get yall right on is when to roll, when to pop, when you got the ice. You and him, yall got to get a communication where yall listen to each other.

Rivers also pressures Harden to find his own scoring. Harden led the league in scoring for three consecutive seasons by averaging more than 30 points per game when he was in Houston, but his scoring numbers have fallen the last two years. He only put up 21 points per game after being traded to Philly.

We got to get you what you want, Rivers says. You can;t just say youre a facilitator. You need to be a scorer and facilitator. Its going to take time to figure it out. We need you to be the aggressive James you were the last five minutes.

Rivers also tells Harden that the rest of the team must fall in line behind him and Embiid.

We got to establish Joel and you, Rivers says. Theres a pecking order, this aint a democracy.

The Sixers added P.J. Tucker, DeAnthony Melton, and Danuel House over the offseason, and still have Tyrese Maxey, Tobias Harris, Matisse Thybulle, and Paul Reed. This team should be excellent if they can find the chemistry Rivers is seeking. Its so cool to see how that process starts to build.

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James Harden and Doc Rivers showed us what its like to build NBA chemistry in training camp - SB Nation

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Although it may seem like a modern fantasy, the project of artificially creating a living organism already resounds through the experiments of the ancient alchemists. Long before the birth of modern chemistry, the physician and alchemist Paracelsus, in his 1537 volume De Rerum Natura, describes a bizarre biochemical procedure for the preparation of what he called a homunculus, a synthetic organism with the appearance of a very small human being. Paracelsuss procedure involved the use of certain biological components such as human semen, manure and blood, which, when subjected to a long process of fermentation, would enable the development of an embryo.

While this type of occult operation may seem absurd today, the result of magical superstitions and, in terms of our contemporary view, a fundamental misunderstanding of how life works, such tales of ancient science often contain deeper and more relevant significance than it may seem.

Alchemical lore was based on the idea that the inorganic matter encountered by the alchemist in his laboratory was related to the soul of the human being via a complex of mysterious connections and that it was possible, through scientific investigation, to build a bridge between the chaos of inorganic matter and the harmony of the living body, through experimental work in which chemical transformations were understood to also reflect an inner transformation of the alchemist carrying them out.

I have always been fascinated by the occult origins of chemistry; I think that, although they are not always evident, contemporary chemistry still bears these ancient influences within it. The idea, so dear to alchemists, of a continuity between the inorganic and the organic world, between dead and living matter, was the basis for the development of modern chemistry and still influences many of our technologies today. But in the ancient alchemical legends I believe we also find symbolic confirmation of the idea that, in chemical synthesis, inorganic matter and human beings exert an influence upon one another, forging a fruitful alliance that makes it possible to produce something completely new.

Paracelsuss alchemical procedures, while fascinating, would never have led to any demonstrable result, and yet chemistry, over its long history, has never entirely freed itself from the ambition to discover how to break through from the inanimate realm of dust and crystals to the domain of the living in all its forms.

When Mary Shelley first published Frankenstein anonymously in 1818, contemporary science was at a very delicate point. The veil that divided living organisms from inorganic matter was gradually thinning, bringing life and death into dangerously close proximity; increasingly, a certain unexpected continuity was being established between the study of biological organisms and other areas of science and technology.

We know that in the writing of her novel, Mary Shelley was inspired by recent developments in the science of the times. In 1790, Luigi Galvani had observed by chance that the dissected body of a frog was wracked by intense muscle spasms when the nerves of its legs were touched with an electrostatically charged metal scalpel. Galvani sensed that this response had to have something to do with something inherent to biological organisms, a force he called animal electricity and which, according to the scientist, was transmitted from the brain to the rest of the organism in order to produce movement.

Today, we know that the animal electricity observed by Galvani is the result of the presence of a difference in electrical potential between the inside and outside of our cells, which is called membrane potential, and is the result of the selective passage of ions through the cell membrane. Galvani could have had no idea of the nature of the phenomenon he was observing the very notion of electricity, at the time, was still rather unclear, with electrical phenomena being explained by the existence of an electrical fluid flowing through conductive bodies but he understood that the bodys response to the electrical current must have been related to something inside the body itself.

Galvanis experiments also clarified another point: the complex behaviour of life was not simply a problem of energy. It was not enough to provide a dead body with energy in just any form, such as heat or mechanical energy, for it to come alive. In order to obtain responses similar to the behaviour of a living body, something more specific was needed: a message expressed in physio-chemical language that the tissues of the organism were able to understand. This specificity is an inescapable characteristic of living matter: Unlike the rigid and passive bodies imagined by classical physics, which merely transfer energy by bumping into one another, living organisms seem capable of doing something more transforming external stimuli into a complex response.

Giovanni Aldini, the nephew of Luigi Galvani, took the study of animal electricity, which he called galvanism, to its extremes, applying his uncles discovery to the bodies of human beings and exhibiting its miraculous effects in a series of public demonstrations. In his most famous demonstration, which took place in London in 1803, Aldini administered a series of electric shocks to the corpse of a man who had been executed; the man began to come alive, shaken by intense muscular contractions.

Aldinis aim was precisely to determine the physical origin of that vital force present in all living organisms, and to control it, to the point of crossing the frontier between life and death. The fame of Aldinis demonstration undoubtedly contributed to Mary Shelleys description of Victor Frankensteins awakening of the Creature, even though there is no trace of lightning or electric shock in her original story: the role played by electricity in the creation of the monster, so central to the subsequent film adaptations of the work, is actually quite marginal in the novel.

The legacy of galvanism in Mary Shelleys story is instead mainly linked to the fundamental idea that the miracle of life could become accessible to scientific investigation, and that life itself was not alien to the domain of technological action. In short, the truly frightening aspect of crossing the boundary between living and inert matter was not so much the prospect of animating a corpse as the fear of discovering that we ourselves are but animated corpses, governed by the same forces as inorganic matter, yet somehow alive.

Contrary to what might be expected, although the details of the procedure of creation are never entirely revealed to the reader, in Mary Shelleys imagination, Frankensteins creation of the monster is more like a process of chemical synthesis than the result of a series of intense electrical shocks. The young Victor Frankenstein, with no access to the most up-to-date theories of natural philosophy, begins his autodidactic scientific training following in the footsteps of Renaissance magicians and alchemists such as Paracelsus and Cornelius Agrippa.

Upon arriving at university, the young Frankenstein, disappointed by the rigours of a modern science that spurns his dreams of greatness, is driven by a fatal attraction to chemistry, the only scientific discipline that seems capable of fulfilling the miraculous promises of the ancient occult sciences. As his chemistry professor tells him:

The ancient teachers of this science [] promised impossibilities and performed nothing. The modern masters promise very little; they know that metals cannot be transmuted and that the elixir of life is a chimera but these philosophers, whose hands seem only made to dabble in dirt, and their eyes to pore over the microscope or crucible, have indeed performed miracles. They penetrate into the recesses of nature and show how she works in her hiding-places. They ascend into the heavens; they have discovered how the blood circulates, and the nature of the air we breathe. They have acquir
ed new and almost unlimited powers; they can command the thunders of heaven, mimic the earthquake, and even mock the invisible world with its own shadows.

These fatal words, which will lead the young Victor down the road to ruin, seem to suggest that chemistry, despite the apparent humility of its methods, is the only science capable of revealing the secrets of life and death to the devoted scientist. And indeed, throughout its history, chemistry has often found itself wandering the edgelands of life, trying to understand the characteristics that a chemical system must possess in order to be considered living.

As we have seen, the study of complexity reveals that there is no rigid boundary between living and non-living matter: the difference between these two states of matter does not lie in the specific nature of their components, but has to do with different ways in which the same chemical components may be related to one another. What is more, the construction of chemical and nanotechnological systems capable of self-organization shows that, between the almost completely passive behaviour of a stone (the chemical structure of which, however, still has a certain degree of complexity) and that of an intelligent animal such as a human, there is a very dense spectrum of different material structures, each capable of interacting in a specific way with the reality around it.

Life is first and foremost a problem of organisation, and since the dawn of its history, chemistry has always been concerned with understanding how material relates to itself, organising itself spontaneously into the incredible variety of natural and artificial structures that exist. Even had he lived to the present day, the young Victor Frankenstein would probably have found that the study of chemistry answered best to his ambitions; perhaps, however, his monster would not have been a giant two-and-a-half-metre-tall humanoid, but a microscopic organism a few tens of nanometres across, with a far more alien, if no less threatening, appearance.

Shortly after the publication of Frankenstein, one of the most famous experiments in the history of chemistry was conducted. Studying the synthesis of ammonium cyanate from cyanic acid and ammonia, Friedrich Whler observed the unexpected precipitation of a white crystalline substance that had a different appearance from the inorganic salt he had expected to obtain. Whler identified this substance as an organic compound known as urea, a molecule naturally present in animal urine; he also noted that the substance he was trying to prepare and the substance he had obtained had the same elementary composition, i.e. they were both made up of the same atoms, but arranged in a different pattern.

This phenomenon, known in chemistry as isomerism, highlights once again the essential importance of structure in determining the behaviour of a chemical substance: here too, what separates a mineral substance from a biological one is not the substance itself, but its organisation and structure. Today, Whlers experiment is remembered as one of the crucial moments in the development of contemporary chemistry, and is often seen as coinciding with the birth of modern organic chemistry as such: it was one of the first occasions upon which a chemical compound produced spontaneously by living organisms was artificially synthesised in a chemical laboratory from inorganic reactants.

Prior to Whlers synthesis, the adjective organic was used to connote only substances derived from plants or animals; it is thanks to his experiment that today, in chemistry, the word denotes a specific class of carbon-based chemical compounds, and is now devoid of any necessary association with living organisms.

From Whlers experiment onward, the ability of chemistry to produce substances that are hybrid, i.e. neither entirely inorganic nor entirely living, called into question the rigid separation between life and death but also, and perhaps more significantly, between life and technology. And this unexpected continuity expressed in the synthetic approach of chemistry also emerges in the way in which the development of the chemical sciences has influenced the language we use to talk about matter.

The customary terminology we have used to distinguish the living world from the non-living has always been problematic. Non-living materials have been defined as inorganic, inert, inanimate, or disorganised, but each of these terms has ultimately proved inadequate as a way to specify the precise boundaries where life begins: we have synthesised organic materials from inorganic substances and discovered materials that, although not alive, are capable of moving, growing and remembering.

Chemical matter, whether organic or inorganic, is active and dynamic, capable of forming complex organisations on different scales, evolving, and spontaneously modifying its structure in response to the environment. For this reason, rather than considering life as an extraordinary phenomenon, miraculous and extraneous to all other behaviours of matter, chemistry provides us with the tools to think of life as one of the many different types of dynamic organisation that matter can assume.

In light of these discoveries, it is still possible to provide a definition of life? How can we draw new boundaries for a category that is so elusive, yet so fundamental for us?

The synthesis of urea is undoubtedly a far more modest result than the one that an ambitious Victor Frankenstein envisioned: The experiment did not lead to the synthesis of an entire organism, it merely demonstrated that certain chemicals present in living organisms can be obtained from inorganic components. However, Whlers result can also be regarded as the first step in a long scientific journey that has brought chemistry closer and closer to an operational understanding of living matter.

In 1862, Louis Pasteur definitively demonstrated the impossibility of the spontaneous generation of living organisms from decaying matter, finally putting paid to a deep-rooted belief that had survived in the history of scientific thought since the time of Aristotle. A new principle was therefore emerging: life could only be produced from other life, it was not possible for it to emerge from non-living matter. Two opposing tendencies converged: on the one hand, organic chemistry was increasingly effective in demonstrating the ability of inorganic matter to transform, under the appropriate conditions, into the chemical ingredients of life; on the other hand, biology was now convinced that it was impossible to generate life under any circumstances except from an already-formed living being.

But then how was it possible for life to have emerged on Earth in the first place?

Pasteurs dogma, while useful in disproving an unfounded superstition about the spontaneous birth of certain organisms, raised a new barrier between inorganic matter and living matter that was destined to be gradually eroded by new scientific theories of the origin of life. The idea that life originated from non-biological chemical components is known as abiogenesis, and was advocated by the Russian biologist Aleksandr Ivanovi Oparin, who, in his 1924 book The Origin of Life, was the first to develop the theory of chemical evolution, i.e. the idea that life emerged from increasingly complex organic molecules.

According to Oparin, this approach makes it possible to overcome both the notion that life is a unique and unreproducible phenomenon and the ancient theory of spontaneous generation, rooted in vitalism and equally unviable as an explanation for the origin of life on Earth.

Following in the footsteps of Oparins theories, the American chemist Stanley Miller, under the guidance of his professor Harold Urey, developed a crucial experiment in 1953, designed with the aim of demonstrating that abiogenesis was indeed possible, and that the primordial Earth could have furnished appropriate conditions in which lifes constituent molecules could have been spontaneously produced from a set of inorgani
c ingredients.

Miller developed a simple experimental apparatus consisting of a flask of boiling water in contact with a special gas mixture consisting of ammonia, methane and hydrogen, which, according to the theories of Oparin and Urey, approximated the primordial atmosphere present on Earth at the time when life first emerged. Electrical discharges similar to lightning strikes were then produced within the system by means of two metal electrodes. After a week, Miller purified the aqueous solution he obtained and subjected it to a crude chemical analysis and confirmed, to his own surprise, that it contained several amino acids, the basic chemical ingredients of living organisms.

Beyond the incredible scientific value of his discovery, there is something romantic in Millers experiment an echo of the 19th-century myth of dead matter animated, in the primordial night of the world, by the power of thunder and lightning.

Laura Tripaldi is a PhD student in materials science and nanotechnology at Universit degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. She is the author of Parallel Minds, from which this article was first excerpted for the MIT Press Reader, and republished here with permission.

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The Occult Origins of Chemistry and the Stuff of Life The Wire Science - The Wire Science

After a forgettable Asia Cup, followed by a 24-ball 31 against England in the series opener, Babar Azam's rough patch finally took a halt on Thursday evening in Karachi. The Pakistan skipper, who had just managed 98 runs in previous seven T20I matches, slammed an unbeaten 110 off 66 balls and led his team to a handsome 10 wickets victory in the second T20I.

Babar's knock was equally supported by his opening partner and in-form batter Mohammad Rizwan, who scored 88 off 51 deliveries, helping Pakistan chase a stiff 200-run target with three balls to spare. The feat saw the duo stitch a record-breaking double-century opening stand, surpassing the previous best, which was also set by the same pair. Babar and Rizwan held the previous record of Pakistan's 197-run opening-wicket stand, which they made against South Africa at Centurion in 2021.

Also Read: Shaheen Afridi's 'time to get rid of selfish Kaptaan Babar, Rizwan' sarcastic tweet sends social media in frenzy

Apart from the two instance, Babar and Rizwan had also stitched an unbeaten 152-run partnership, demolishing India by 10 wickets in the previous edition of the T20 World Cup.

When asked to reflect on the partnership he built with Rizwan on the evening and in the past, Babar credited the history and chemistry between the two, which make things easier for them. He also mentioned about the trust level, which is such that there are incidents when they have sneaked runs between the wickets without having to call for it.

Humari communication kafi acchi hain, humne aise chase pehe bhi kiye hain, toh hamari chemistry kaafi milti hain. Kabhi kabhar hum aise runs lete hain ki hum call bhi nahi kartey, hum bhag jate hain. Yeh trust level hain, yeh trust level pure team mein hain. (Our communication is brilliant, even chemistry and we have chased high scoring targets previously. Sometimes we steal runs without a call, this is trust level we share.)

Hum koshish karte hain ek dusre pe trust kiya jaye as a team. (As a team we trust our teammates equally), the Pakistan captain said in the post-match press conference on Thursday.

With the win, Pakistan have bounced back in the seven-match series, which now stands tied at 1-1. England had won the opening encounter by six wickets.

At HT Sports Desk, passionate reporters work round the clock to provide detailed updates from the world of sports. Expect nuanced match reports, previews,reviews, technical analysis based on statistics, the latest social media trends, expert opinions on cricket, football, tennis, badminton, hockey,motorsports, wrestling, boxing, shooting, athletics and much more....view detail

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Babar credits history and chemistry after record-breaking stand with Rizwan - Hindustan Times

SANTA CLARA, Calif. Ray-Ray McCloud III said he had instant chemistry with Jimmy Garoppolo when they first talked shop in the 49ers locker room this summer. The challenge now is to jell just as well on the field.

Its all about being on the same page, McCloud said 20 minutes before the 49ers took the field for Garoppolos first practice as the starter this season.

He missed all of the spring practices and training camp and was the scout-team quarterback the first two weeks of the season. That meant a few passes to rookie Danny Gray ahead of the Week 1 game against the Bears but no real throwing sessions with him, McCloud or any of the newcomers to the offense this year.

That didnt seem to be an issue with McCloud on Sunday. Garoppolos first pass to him was a 16-yard completion in the second quarter that preceded a touchdown throw to a more familiar target, Ross Dwelley.

With rain in the forecast, McCloud said the pregame coaching point for the quarterbacks was to put the ball on the receivers bodies. When the skies opened up, McCloud said, thats exactly what Garoppolo did.

He said the 49ers quarterback reminded him a lot of former

Read the rest here:
Jimmy Garoppolo getting quick chemistry lesson with 49ers new receivers - The Athletic

Hollywood actor Amber Heard`s agent has claimed that the "lack of chemistry" between her and Jason Mamoa was why her role got reduced in 'Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom'.

According to Fox News, Heard`s agent, Jessica Kovacevic, virtually testified in Johnny Depp`s defamation trial on Friday stating the negative light on Heard, due to the ongoing conflicts with Depp, greatly impacted her role.

She testified that the star was contracted to make USD 2 million in the 'Aquaman'sequel, which has already concluded filming and is set to hit theatres in March 2023. The agent further claimed that Warner Bros axed Heard`s role because there was a "lack of chemistry between her and Jason."

She went on to say that Heard received the news of the reduced role as she was reading the script. On being inquired regarding Heard`s harmed career, her agent responded, "In my experience ... Your career takes a turn after something like that. As per Fox News, Kovacevic added that the actor even lost a role with Amazon that was in the works due to the bad press and claimed that, to her knowledge, there were no "performance issues raised" against Heard in the first `Aquaman` movie.

Also Read:Johnny Depp's was financially broke and had anger issues, actor's former agent reveals

Amber Heard was the first cast in 2017`s `Justice League` film and then made her debut in the 'Aquaman'franchise as Mera the following year.

See the article here:
Amber Heard`s bad chemistry with Jason Momoa led to reduced role in `Aquaman 2`, claims her agent - WION

4-hydroxypyrimidine-market

Glob Market Reports offers an overarching research and analysis-based study on, Global 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Report, History and Forecast 2016-2028, Breakdown Data by Companies, Key Regions, Types and Application. This report offers an insightful take on the drivers and restraints present in the market. 4-Hydroxypyrimidine data reports also provide a 5 year pre-historic and forecast for the sector and include data on socio-economic data of global. Key stakeholders can consider statistics, tables & figures mentioned in this report for strategic planning which lead to success of the organization. It sheds light on strategic production, revenue, and consumption trends for players to improve sales and growth in the global 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market.

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Market split by Type, can be divided into: Purity 98% Purity 99% OthersMarket split by Application, can be divided into: Chemical Pharmaceutical

Regions Covered in the Global 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market:1. South America 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Covers Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina.2. North America 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Covers Canada, United States, and Mexico.3. Europe 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Covers UK, France, Italy, Germany, and Russia.4. The Middle East and Africa 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Covers UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa.5. Asia Pacific 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market Covers Korea, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, and India.Years Considered to Estimate the Market Size:History Year: 2015-2022Base Year: 2022Estimated Year: 2022Forecast Year: 2022-2028

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Key highlights of the 4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market report: Growth rate Renumeration prediction Consumption graph Market concentration ratio Secondary industry competitors Competitive structure Major restraints Market drivers Regional bifurcation Competitive hierarchy Current market tendencies Market concentration analysisCustomization of the Report: Glob Market Reports provides customization of reports as per your need. This report can be personalized to meet your requirements. Get in touch with our sales team, who will guarantee you to get a report that suits your necessities.

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4-Hydroxypyrimidine Market- increasing demand with Industry Professionals: Alfa Chemistry, BeiJing Hwrk Chemicals, Shanghai Longsheng chemical, Jinan...

ReportLinker

Growth in the thermal interface materials market can primarily be attributed to the growing involvement of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate in the computers, telecom, medical devices, among others.

New York, May 19, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Thermal Interface Materials Market by Chemistry, Type, Application and Region - Global Forecast to 2027" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p04057026/?utm_source=GNW Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used to remove the heat generated by semiconductors to maintain the junction temperature of electronic & electrical components within safe operating limits.

This heat removal process involves the conduction from a package surface to a heat spreader that can transfer the heat to the ambient environment more efficiently. The global thermal interface materials market size is estimated at USD 3.4 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 5.6 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 10.5%. Growth in the thermal interface materials market can primarily be attributed to the increasing use of TIMs in end-use industries and the growing electronics industry.The production of TIMs is driven by its large-scale industrial applications, such as computers, telecom, medical devices, industrial machinery, consumer durables, and automotive electronics.The growing consumer electronics industry is a major driver.

The demand for TIMs in developed countries, such as the US, the UK, Germany, and Canada, is high, owing to numerous development strategies adopted by manufacturing companies.The demand for TIMs in Asia Pacific is expected to increase at the highest rate, mainly due to the transportation sector, as China represents the largest automotive market globally.

The growing automotive industry is expected to drive the TIMs market in the region.The major challenge for manufacturers of TIMs is the stringent government regulation on the reduction of VOC content.

The untapped markets of the Middle East are a major opportunity for the growth of the players in the market. Increasing development strategies are also an excellent growth opportunity for manufacturers to have better control over the cost and quality of products.

Silicone is the largest and fastest-growing chemistry segment of the thermal interface materials market.

The thermal interface materials market is segmented on the basis of chemistry into silicone, epoxy, polyimide, and others.Silicone is largest and is expected to witness the fastest growth rate.

Silicone exhibits good resistance to a wide range of temperatures, from -55C to +300C, resistance to chemical attack, resistance to shock & vibration, stability under mechanical stress, stability against weathering, and greater hydrostability.It is also handled without any special precautionary measures and offers easy processing without the need for oven drying or concerns about exothermic heat during the processing.

Silicone is used in various TIMs such as greases & adhesives, encapsulants & potting compounds, thermal pads, and gap fillers.

Greases & adhesives is the largest type segment of the thermal interface materials market.

The thermal interface materials market is segmented on the basis of type into greases & adhesives, tapes & films, gap fillers, metal-based TIMs, phase change materials, and others.Greases & adhesives is largest type.

Thermal greases & adhesives are applied to one of the two mating surfaces; when the surfaces are pressed together, the grease spreads to fill the void.Thermal greases & adhesives are normally packaged in a syringe, tube, or a small plastic sachet.

OEMs prefer to use greases & adhesives because of their ability to flow into any nook of the intended application and conform to a wide range of surface roughness present on the housing, heat spreader, or heat sink surface.Thermal greases & adhesives have other competitive advantages such as cost, rework-ability, low thermal resistance, and the ability to form ultra-thin bond lines.

The manufacturing costs of greases & adhesives are lower as these materials do not need to be coated and cured into a sheet and cut to shape.

Computers is the largest application of thermal interface materials market.

The thermal interface materials market is segmented on the basis of applications into computers, telecom, consumer durables, medical devices, industrial machinery, automotive electronics, and others.Among these, the computer segment is the largest application.

Computer components, such as CPUs, chipsets, graphics cards, and hard disk drives, are susceptible to failure in case of overheating.TIMs are used in computers to remove the excess heat to maintain the components operating temperature limits.

TIMs are used in computers to optimize the performance and reliability for smooth functioning.TIMs are used for improving the heat flow in computers by filling voids or irregularities between the heat sink and SSE base plate mounting surfaces.

TIMs have comparatively greater thermal conductivity than the air they replace, thus allowing efficient heat transfer resulting in the improved performance of computers. The use of TIMs in computers is growing at a high rate because of the increased demand for cloud and supercomputing. The increased demand for supercomputing is driving the market for high-performance silicon and TIMs.

APAC is the fastest-growing market for thermal interface materials.

APAC is the largest market for thermal interface materials market due to increased investments by developing countries of the region, such as Indonesia and India, are supporting market growth in the region. Another major driving factor is the increased demand for the miniaturization of electronic devices.

The breakdown of primary interviews is given below: By Company Type: Tier 1 15%, Tier 2 25%, and Tier 3 60% By Designation: C-Level Executives 12%, Director-Level 20%, and Others 68% By Region: North America 40%, Europe 30%, APAC 20%, and South America 10%The key companies profiled in this report on the thermal interface materials market include Honeywell International Inc. (US), 3M (US), Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (Germany), Parker Hannifin Corporation (US), Dow Corning Corporation (US), Laird Technologies (US), Momentive Performance Materials (US), Indim Corporation (US), Wakefield-Vette (US), and Zalma Tech Co. Ltd. (South Korea) are the key players operating in the thermal interface materials market.

Research CoverageThe thermal interface materials market has been segmented based on chemistry, type, application, and region.This report covers the thermal interface materials market and forecasts its market size until 2027.

It also provides detailed information on company profiles and competitive strategies adopted by the key players to strengthen their position in the thermal interface materials market.The report also provides insights into the drivers and restraints in the thermal interface materials market along with opportunities and challenges.

The report also includes profiles of top manufacturers in the thermal interface materials market.

Reasons to Buy the Report

The report is expected to help market leaders/new entrants in the following ways:1. This report segments the thermal interface materials and provides the closest approximations of revenue numbers for the overall market and its segments across different verticals and regions.2. This report is expected to help stakeholders understand the pulse of the thermal interface materials market and provide information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities influencing the market growth.3. This report is expected to help stakeholders obtain an in-depth understanding of the competitive landscape of the thermal interface materials market and gain insights to improve the position of their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes detailed information on strategies, such as merger & acquisition, new produ
ct developments, expansions, and collaborations.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p04057026/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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Thermal Interface Materials Market by Chemistry, Type, Application and Region - Global Forecast to 2027 - Yahoo Finance

In 1996, a rock from space was found in southwestern Egypts Great Sand Sea. The rock was odd, even by extraterrestrial standards, and a team of researchers studying the rocks chemistry now propose that it came from a supernovathe brilliant, explosive collapse of a star.

The rock is named Hypatia, after a 4th-century Egyptian mathematician. Based on the pattern of 15 elements in a 3-gram sample of the stone, a team of researchers suspects Hypatia came from well beyond our stellar neighborhood, and emerged from the gas and dusty detritus that followed a distant stars explosion. Their research is published in the journal Icarus.

The researchers think Hypatia came from a Type Ia supernova; these supernovae occur when white dwarves (the small, dense remnants of stars) consume so much material, often from a neighboring star, that they explode. That distinguishes Typa Ia from Type II supernovae, in which a large stars core collapses, causing a massive explosion.

In a sense we could say, we have caught a supernova Ia explosion in the act, because the gas atoms from the explosion were caught in the surrounding dust cloud, which eventually formed Hypatias parent body, said Jan Kramers, a geochemist at the University of Johannesburg, in a university release.

According to the release, the intermingling of gas atoms from the supernova and the dust in which the explosion occurred probably formed a solid rock around the early stages of our own solar system, billions of years ago. On entering and impacting Earth, the parent rock of Hypatia shattered, creating the fragment found in 1996.

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Kramers has been studying Hypatia for nearly a decade. In 2013, argon isotopes from the rock confirmed Hypatias extraterrestrial origins, and follow-up studies in 2015 and 2018 indicated that Hypatia was neither from any known comet or meteorite nor from our solar system. Using a proton microprobe, the team inspected the elemental makeup of Hypatia. They found that the elements from the rock indicated it didnt even come from interstellar dust in our arm of the Milky Way.

Hypatia had too much iron to come from a Type II supernova or a red giant star. Thus, the researchers surmised that the most likely explanation for Hypatias unique combination of silicon, sulfur, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel was a Type Ia supernova.

Six elements were a lot more present than what models predict for something that came from a Type Ia supernova, though: aluminum, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, zinc, and copper. Kramers believes Hypatia may have inherited those elemental components from the red giant star that preceded the white dwarf that eventually exploded.

The new research was merely exploratory, and further isotope analysis of the elements in Hypatia will need to happen in order to test the researchers hypothesis about the rocks origins.

More: A Vanished Supernova Will Reappear in 16 Years

View original post here:
This Space Rocks Weird Chemistry Suggests It Came From a Supernova - Gizmodo

Recently, the American Chemistry Council (ACC) undercut itsannouncement of supportfor President Bidens request to double fiscal year 2023 funding for the control of toxic substances, under the 2016 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), with a strings attached demand that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) roll back six recent policy improvements that better protect peoples health. This was accompanied by claims that EPA is implementing policy changes that are out of touch with regulatory and economic reality.

As former senior EPA scientists and managers, we applaud ACCs support of a desperately needed increase in EPAs resources, but we are dismayed by the industrys push to reverse or modify policies that are essential to the success of the bipartisan 2016 TSCA amendments, which ironically industry supported.

The lack of EPA resources is jeopardizing the laws basic goal of accelerated risk reduction for substances posing known health and environmental threats. Instead of recognizingthe need for more timely and effective protection against unsafe chemicals, ACC warns of harms to innovation and growth. While these are unfounded fears, instead industry recommends reinstating Trump-era EPA toxics policies that undermine the 2016 law and weaken health protections.

First, it appears the industry wants EPA to ignore peoples exposure to chemicals from air emissions, water discharges, drinking water and waste disposal when evaluating the risks of existing chemicals. Failure to address these exposure pathways will result in incomplete risk evaluations and weak risk management. EPA is appropriately redoing several of the first 10 risk evaluations conducted under the amended law to account for environmental exposure in fenceline communities. This is a major step in strengthening protections for at-risk populations.

ACC next opposes making determinations of unreasonable risk that evaluate the chemical as a whole, and insists that EPA make separate risk determinations for each of the chemicals uses. Under the whole chemical approach, EPA can consider whether and how a single use that does not pose an unreasonable risk in isolation may contribute to total risk in combination with other uses. This assures that the total risk to subpopulations exposed on the job, at home and in the environment is taken into account. In our view, ACC is wrong in predicting that this approach will lock EPA into unfairly branding all uses of a chemical as unsafe. EPA can regulate uses posing unreasonable risk while identifying uses that can continue without restrictions.

ACC thirdly argues that, in evaluating risks to workers, EPA must assume they are wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, as EPAs science advisers emphasized, this approach does not reflect reality. There are no PPE requirements for most chemicals. Even when required, small and medium sized enterprises often do not adopt or enforce PPE controls, and PPE such as respirators may be ill-fitting or used intermittently by workers. During the TSCA risk management process, EPA can make accommodations for situations in which health-protective, fully functional PPE will be employed throughout the workday.

Next, ACC claims that the Biden administration is failing to use the best available science and weight of evidence in risk evaluations. This is a stunning charge given the widely reported breaches of scientific integrity that occurred during the Trump administration. The science EPA now uses for TSCA risk evaluations follows recognized guidelines and is rigorously peer reviewed.

ACC also asserts EPA must meet deadlines (90-days) to review new chemicals. The answer to addressingdelays is to provide EPA with adequate resources to make safety determinations in an informed and science-based manner, not cut corners on safety reviews for the benefit of industry.

Finally, industry complains EPA is increasing fees charged to chemical manufacturers for risk evaluations without any accountability or improvements in service. In passing the bipartisan 2016 amendments to TSCA, Congress expected EPA to collect up to 25 percent of TSCA costs from fees. The Trump-era EPA excluded the first 10 risk evaluations from any fees, and industry fee payments have been well below the statutory target. Clearly, manufacturers have not been unduly burdened by fees and would not suffer if required to pay more.

The chemical industry, every member of Congress and the American people should support the president 2023 budget request for a functioning and effective toxic substances control program. Every one of us and especially people living and working in frontline communities is exposed to toxic chemicals daily, most of which are unregulated in the United States. Our health and welfare depend on their control. We must not let the chemical industry take us backward.

Elizabeth Southerland, Ph.D., is the former director of science and technology, EPA Office of Water.

Robert Sussman is former EPA senior policy counsel.

Linda Birnbaum is the former director of the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences.

Penny Pfenner-Crisp is a former senior science adviser for EPAs Office of Pesticide Programs.

Originally posted here:
Unjustified industry pushback on EPAs toxic chemical regulation - The Hill

I just read they bombed Kyiv. This is the worst! Im so sorry. A message from my labmate was the first I saw about the full-scale Russian invasion. I called my parents in Dnipro. Several strategic objects in the city had been hit, but they are adamant about staying. We stocked up on water and arent going anywhere. Dont worry about us. They dont want to flee again.

Back in 2014, when I was studying in France, they got stuck in Donbas taking care of my grandma. On the phone with my mom in the evenings she would tell me about armed people, clearly not locals, marching on our street, military vehicles entering the town, someone organising fake referendums. Sometimes over the phone, I could hear the shelling. They managed to escape to Dnipro with my grandma. None of us have since been able to return to Donbas. Apart from the logistics, its just not safe there if you have an openly pro-Ukrainian position.

Still, we are luckier than many in Ukraine. Dnipro is a relatively safe city, thanks to its geographic position and the efforts of the Ukrainian army. And I am abroad with a job and a lab. Many Ukrainian scientists have had their research disrupted and put on hold indefinitely. Many have also joined the Ukrainian army or volunteer. And some, such as inorganic chemist Oleksandr Korsun, a lecturer at Kharkiv National University, have been killed in Russian shelling.

This war affects the lives of Ukrainians everywhere. Im not in the country, and Im still entirely consumed by what is happening there. These days I often need an extra effort to focus on my research. My supervisor Pete Skabara is supportive and he is also very involved, helping to set up the humanitarian aid point at the University of Glasgow and getting in touch with the Royal Society of Chemistry regarding ways to support chemists in Ukraine. And I assist by collecting information on Ukrainian scientists needs. I also work as a translator for the volunteer news organisation WithUkraine, and constantly look for ways to make the voices of Ukrainians, including chemists, heard internationally.

In my quest to interview Ukrainian chemists, I tried to reach out to Anton Senenko, a researcher at the NASU Institute of Physics in Kyiv. Since the end of February, hes been helping with the evacuations in the most hellish regions of Ukraines north. He saw Bucha and Irpin after Russian troops left. His Facebook feed is full of photos of burnt windowless buildings and civilian cars. I have not heard from him yet. I dont think hes doing much science these days.

Almost all the Ukrainian chemists I have spoken to say the same thing. They need academic support in various forms, and appreciate all of it, but the most critical thing Ukrainian chemists need right now is our countrys victory. Without it, no proper work can happen. The only chance for Ukrainian chemists to reach their full potential wherever they currently are is to know that their country is safe.

Things are deteriorating just over the course of my writing this piece. Every day that the Russian invasion continues costs Ukraine its infrastructure and, more importantly, our people. The situation in the chemical industry was already dreary before the invasion; many Ukrainian chemists had already left the profession for more lucrative jobs in different areas. Now there is a risk it could be entirely obliterated. I hope that soon we will be able to rebuild but also make it better than it was. It will not be easy and will require transformations on multiple levels, including profound institutional changes. Still, I am sure there are enough people keen to help with those, including the Ukrainians who got their education and professional experience outside of the country.

I am incredibly grateful for the assistance given so far, and I hope that this spirit of international support and collaboration continues until Russia withdraws all its troops from our land, and also in peacetime afterwards.

These days Im the most homesick I ever was in my over 10 years of living abroad. However, among the horrific pictures of the pain and destruction Russia brought to our land, I notice signs of hope. Under each photo of a destroyed infrastructure object or house, you will find several comments saying that we will rebuild as long as we are alive. Given the opportunity, I would happily return to Ukraine, to help with whatever I can. Im sure Im not the only one feeling this way.

But first, we need victory.

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Living through the war in Ukraine | Opinion - Chemistry World